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Jan K, Ahmed I, Dar NA. The role of sex, season and reproduction status on blood parameters in snow trout (Schizothorax labiatus) from River Jhelum, Kashmir, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:674. [PMID: 35972574 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation was carried out with an aim to evaluate disparity in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of healthy male and female Schizothorax labiatus with respect to its four reproductive phases, i.e. preparatory (autumn), pre-spawning (winter), spawning (spring) and spent (summer). The study indicated that significant (p < 0.05) alterations were seen in gonadosomatic index (GSI) of S. labiatus with maximum value for both sexes noted in spring while minimum value in autumn. Contrary to this, the highest value of hepatosomatic index (HSI) for both sexes was noted in the autumn season and the lowest value in spring. The haemoglobin (Hb) content, red blood corpuscle (RBC) and white blood corpuscle (WBC) counts and haematocrit amount of S. labiatus also revealed significant (p < 0.05) variations with peak values noted in summer while least values were recorded during winter. It was also observed that male fishes comprised significantly (p < 0.05) maximum level of all these parameters amongst all seasons of the year, except WBC count. Erythrocyte indices specifically mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) exhibited insignificant (p > 0.05) alterations between the sexes. The lowest levels (p < 0.05) of serum glucose, cholesterol and urea were recorded in the pre-spawning period, i.e. winter, while as the highest values (p < 0.05) were seen in the summer because of the cessation of reproductive activities and greater availability of food. Similar trend was also noted in the amount of total protein, albumin and globulin of the fish, although insignificant (p > 0.05) variation was observed between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousar Jan
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 1900 06, India
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 1900 06, India.
| | - Nazir Ahmad Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India
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Sheikh ZA, Ahmed I, Jan K, Nabi N, Fazio F. Haematological profile, blood cell characteristic and serum biochemical composition of cultured brown trout, Salmo trutta fario with respect to sex. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10247. [PMID: 36042746 PMCID: PMC9420487 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to see how sex affects several haematological, biochemical and blood cell morphology in cultured brown trout, Salmo trutta fario. Different haematological parameters, for instance haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, haematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum biochemical parameters such as glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sodium, potassium and phosphorus were analysed. Throughout the study period, male fish had considerably greater Hb content, RBC count and Hct content than female fish, but insignificant (P > 0.05) difference in WBC count, differential leucocyte count, MCV, MCH and MCHC was seen between the two sexes of Salmo trutta fario. The majority of biochemical markers showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference, with the exception of AST, ALP, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, which showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference. Under light microscopy, RBC and differential leukocyte count (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) as well as thrombocytes were characterised and discriminated, revealing that the majority of the cells were normal and intact in shape. As a result of the foregoing findings, it is suggested that the data generated be used to identify the health state of fish and to determine the occurrence of various clinical and subclinical disorders, which might assist in enhancing the overall fish population production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad Sheikh
- DST - Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190 006, India
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- DST - Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190 006, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kousar Jan
- DST - Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190 006, India
| | - Naveed Nabi
- DST - Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190 006, India
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’ Annunziata, Messina, Italy
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Lulijwa R, Alfaro AC, Venter L, Young T, Decker P, Merien F, Meyer J. Haematological and metabolic profiles associated with age and sex in giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) (Gmelin 1789) broodstock. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:384-395. [PMID: 33715165 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized selected peripheral blood (PB) haematological parameters, liver, serum and muscle metabolic features in 3- and 5-year-old male and female giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) broodstock reared indoor at 16°C. Sex and age did not affect PB total cell count and haematocrit values. Nonetheless, higher erythrocytes in 5-year-old fish, elevated thrombocyte and lymphocyte counts in 3-year-old fish indicate age-specific cellular regulation. Higher thrombocyte counts in female fish suggest sex-specific regulation. At a metabolic level, liver abundance for long chain saturated fatty acids (FAs) was higher in males, whereas females had elevated levels of polyunsaturated FAs. Essential and non-essential amino acids (AAs) in liver and serum were also elevated in females compared to males. These findings suggest differential allocation of FAs and AAs to reflect requirements for gonadal, development and provisioning. Similarly, age significantly resulted in higher liver and serum abundances of some non-essential AAs in 3-year-olds compared to 5-year-old fish, suggesting higher metabolism in younger fish. Overall, results enhance our understanding of sex- and age-based differences in fish haematology, muscle, liver, and serum metabolite profiles in healthy G. argenteus. Future studies should carefully consider potential age- and sex-specific differences in metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Lulijwa
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Rwebitaba-ZARDI), Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Decker
- Mahurangi Technical Institute (MTI), Manāki Premium Marine Technology Facility, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Merien
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jill Meyer
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Minasyan H. Oxycytosis and the role of triboelectricity and oxidation in bacteria clearing from the bloodstream. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2021; 11:23-28. [PMID: 34019486 PMCID: PMC8287977 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, little was known about the mechanism for killing and clearing bacteria from the bloodstream. Leukocyte phagocytosis could not be a mechanism for catching, killing and removing bacteria from the bloodstream because of many reasons. Recently accumulated data have led to the conclusion that in bacteremia, bacteria are quickly removed from the blood and erythrocytes are the main cells that capture, kill and remove bacteria. Data were also obtained that erythrocytes catch bacteria by triboelectric charge attraction and kill them by oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin. This phenomenon has been named oxycytosis by analogy with the term phagocytosis. Oxycytosis has been discussed in a number of published articles, but the specific mechanism of triboelectric charging and the mechanism of killing bacteria by oxidation, have not yet been detailed. The purpose of this review is to provide a more detailed explanation of the process of triboelectric charging and capture of bacteria by erythrocytes and destruction of bacteria by oxidation. For the first time, the review presents various variants of oxycytosis (two-stage, three-stage, multi-stage), depending on the resistance of the pathogen to oxidation. The review also discusses the biological significance of oxycytosis and its impact on the understanding of bacteremia and sepsis.
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Jan K, Ahmed I, Dar NA. Haematological and serum biochemical reference values of snow trout, Schizothorax labiatus habiting in river Sindh of Indian Himalayan region. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1289-1302. [PMID: 33373043 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Haematological and serum biochemical parameters are a valuable tool in determining the wellbeing status of different fish species and response in close association to various biological and environmental factors, therefore the aim of the present study was to establish sex-wise reference values of haemato-biochemical parameters of S. labiatus. The haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, total erythrocyte count (RBC), total leucocyte count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum biochemical parameters such as glucose, cholesterol, urea, total protein, albumin and globulin were analysed. The results revealed that the haematological parameters, i.e., Hb, RBC, WBC and PCV showed significant (P < 0.05) differences with respect to sex. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher values of Hb content (11.18 g dl-1 ), RBC count (1.88 × 106 mm-3 ) and PCV (36.15%) were noted in male fish than females throughout the study period, while significantly (P < 0.05) higher WBC count was noted in females (20.38 × 103 mm-3 ) compared to males. However, no significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed in erythrocyte indices like MCH, MCHC and MCV between sexes. The serum biochemical parameters, i.e., glucose, cholesterol and urea, also showed significant (P < 0.05) difference between the sexes, but no significant (P > 0.05) difference was noticed in total protein, albumin and globulin. Significantly (P < 0.05) highest values of glucose (116.76 mg dl-1 ) and urea (9.01 mg dl-1 ) were recorded in male S. labiatus, while highest value of cholesterol (223.53 mg dl-1 ) was noted in females. The information generated in the present study gives the basic reference values of haematological and serum biochemical parameters of S. labiatus which will be useful in monitoring the wellbeing status of fish populations. Moreover, the data will also be helpful to ascertain the occurrence of different clinical and subclinical diseases, which may in turn help to boost the overall production of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousar Jan
- DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- DST Sponsored Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Nazir A Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Wang X, Wu Z, Wu S, Chen X, Hanif M, Zhang S. Hematological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells in the argus snakehead ( Ophiocephalus argus Cantor). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11234. [PMID: 33981499 PMCID: PMC8083180 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The argus snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor) is a highly nutritious, freshwater, cultured bony fish with a high economic value. The health of the fish is closely related to its blood cells, which are critical for oxygen transport, natural defense, and immunity. We investigated the morphometry, microstructure, and cytochemical characteristics of the peripheral blood cells of O. argus. Our results may provide the basic reference values needed to monitor the health of this fish for large-scale cultivation. METHODS The number of blood cells in O. argus were counted on a hemocytometer and their size was measured using a micrometer under light microscope. The morphology and classification of the blood cells were studied using Wright's staining and the cytochemical characteristics were studied using seven chemical stains including peroxidase (POX), Sudan black B (SBB), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), chloroacetic acid AS-D naphthol esterase (AS-D), and α-naphthol acetate esterase (α-NAE). RESULTS The peripheral blood cells in O. argus can be classified as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes; of which, females had 2.9597 million/mm3, 88,400/mm3, and 43,600/mm3, respectively, and males had 3.0105 million/mm3, 105,500/mm3, and 34,000/mm3, respectively. Leukocytes consisted of neutrophils, monocytes, large lymphocytes, and small lymphocytes. Eosinophils and basophils were not found. Monocytes were the most numerous leukocytes identified, followed by neutrophils and small lymphocytes, while large lymphocytes were the least frequently identified. Cytochemical staining showed that erythrocytes were only positive for PAS staining. Neutrophils were strongly positive for POX, SBB, and ACP, and positive for all the other cytochemical stains. Monocytes were positive for PAS and α-NAE and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D staining. Large lymphocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ALP, AS-D, and α-NAE staining. Small lymphocytes were positive for PAS and weakly positive for AS-D and α-NAE staining. Thrombocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D, but negative for the remaining cytochemical stains. The morphology of peripheral blood cells in O. argus was generally similar to that of other fish species, while the cytochemical staining patterns showed clear species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengjie Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengmei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Misbah Hanif
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shengzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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7
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Pereira M, Preto A, Moraes A, Bittencourt M, Hess J, Andrade J, Jatobá A. Sex disparities determined by biometric and hematological measurements in Astyanax bimaculatus. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the body indexes and hematological characteristics between Astyanax bimaculatus males and females. Four hundred fish were randomly distributed into four polyethylene tanks (100 fish/unit) in a recirculation system and fed four times a day (3% of biomass). After 90 days, ten fish (five ♀ and five ♂) were removed to perform blood tests and to measure weight, height, total length, height/length ratio, condition factor and index determination: vicerosomatic (VSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), and gonadosomatic (GSI). The results showed a higher average weight (g) in females (12.32±0.71) compared to males (6.98±0.75), the same happened to height (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), total length (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), VSI (%) = (11.43±0.81) and (3.55±1.05), HSI (%) = (0.72±0.08) and (0.30±0.04), respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) was higher in females (3.72±1.20) than in males (2.99±1.51). Regarding the number of thrombocytes (103.µL-1), there was an increase in males (25.71±3.91) compared to females (17.40±6.40).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J.D. Hess
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Brazil
| | | | - A. Jatobá
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Brazil
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Brodeur JC, Bahl MF, Natale GS, Poliserpi MB. Biomarker and hematological fieldwork with amphibians: is it necessary to sample all night? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17152-17161. [PMID: 32146672 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the global amphibian crisis, biomonitoring constitutes a valuable assessment tool to provide critical up to date information on the status and health of amphibians worldwide. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possible confounding effects of sex, size, and time since capture on enzymatic biomarkers and hematologic parameters of the South American frog Leptodactylus latrans. Frogs were collected by hand between 9 pm and 12 am on two consecutive nights. On the first night, captured frogs were transported for 2 h by car to laboratory installations, maintained overnight in plastic containers, and blood and tissue sampled on the next morning. In contrast, frogs collected on the second night were blood and tissue sampled in the field, immediately after the capture period. Hematological parameters were analyzed, and enzymatic activities of catalase, cholinesterase (ChE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were determined in the plasma, liver, kidney, and muscle. A sex difference was observed only for total white blood cell counts (WBC), females exhibiting significantly greater values than males. The packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), WBC, and muscle ChE activity were significantly correlated with snout-vent length (SVL). The correlation was inversed in the case of MCHC, WBC, and muscle ChE, while the correlation was positive between PCV and SVL. Most examined parameters presented similar values when frogs were sampled at night following capture or the next morning. Total red blood cells (RBCs) count, and plasma enzymatic activities of ChE and GST were the only parameters that presented significantly increased values in morning samplings compared with night samplings. Overall, the current study indicates that it is best to sample the frogs as soon as possible after capture if hematologic or plasmatic biomarkers are examined. Nevertheless, it is possible to sample on the next morning if tissular biomarkers are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Céline Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Bahl
- Centro Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Sebastián Natale
- Centro Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Poliserpi
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sayed AEDH, Mahmoud UM, Muhammad OI. Comparative study of two carnivorous fish (Parupeneus forsskali and Thalassoma klunzingeri) from the Red Sea: Hemato-biochemical parameters and cellular characterization. Tissue Cell 2020; 63:101316. [PMID: 32223945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although, the Red sea is highly rich with fish fauna but still the information known is so limited for the researchers especially about the fish physiology baselines. So, in the present study we investigated the heamto-biochemical parameters and cell characterization of two fish having the same feeding habitats. Fish specimens of Red Sea goatfish (Parupeneus forsskali) and Klunzinger's wrasse (Thalassoma klunzingeri) were captured from Hurghada, Egypt. Haematological and biochemical analysis as well as blood cells characterization were performed. The morphological and cytochemical aspects of peripheral blood cells of the two species were studied by light microscopy. Thalassoma klunzingeri showed lower Hct and Hb values and RBCs count. Fusiform to spindle shape thrombocytes were found only in the blood of Parupeneus forsskali while spiked thrombocytes were found only in the blood of Thalassoma klunzingeri. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of the two species and will be used as biomarkers for clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Usama M Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ola I Muhammad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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10
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Mofizur Rahman M, Baek HJ. Evaluation of Erythrocyte Morphometric Indices in Juvenile Red Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara under Elevated Water Temperature. Dev Reprod 2020; 23:345-353. [PMID: 31993540 PMCID: PMC6985297 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Higher thermal exposure can influence the blood cell morphology and count. Hence, based on the previous results (Rahman et al., 2019), the present study evaluated the morphometric indices of erythrocytes and their nucleus under different water temperatures (25°C, 28°C, 31°C, and 34°C) to investigate their use as an indicator of thermal stress in red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. 180 healthy specimens of E. akaara were exposed to four temperature conditions (25°C as control, 28°C, 31°C, and 34°C) for 42 days, following 2 weeks of acclimation at 25°C. Erythrocyte major axis (EL), erythrocyte minor axis (EW), nucleus major axis (NL), and nucleus minor axis (NW) were examined from the blood smears on each sampling day (i.e., 2, 7, and 42 days of thermal exposure). EL and NL were significantly decreased, whereas EW and NW were increased at higher water temperature (31°C and 34°C). The major-minor axis proportions of erythrocytes and their nucleus (EL/EW; NL/NW) were decreased with increasing water temperature (31°C and 34°C). The strong relationships were observed among the morphometric indices of erythrocytes and their nucleus, especially in EL vs. NL and EW vs. NW. This study reveals that elevated water temperature (31°C and 34°C) can influence the major and minor axis morphometry of erythrocytes and their nucleus in red spotted grouper. These indices may be used as stress indicators to monitor the health status of E. akaara and probably for other fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mofizur Rahman
- Dept. of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Hea Ja Baek
- Dept. of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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11
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Ahmed I, Sheikh ZA. Comparative study of hematological parameters of snow trout Schizopyge plagiostomus and Schizopyge niger inhabiting two different habitats. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2019.1705647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ahmed
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Z. A. Sheikh
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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12
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Muhammad OI, Mahmoud UM, Fazio F, Sayed AEDH. SDS-PAGE technique as biomarker for fish toxicological studies. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:905-909. [PMID: 30211012 PMCID: PMC6129688 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies on the hematological and biochemical parameters in fishes have been done, still there are some shortage in the estimation and evaluation of the baseline's values of marine and freshwater fishes. Recently, the use of hematology and biochemistry of fishes in toxicology, aquaculture, environmental pollution, feeding, and antioxidants studies has been increased. In this study we introduced the importance of those parameters and their importance as biomarkers in fish toxicology from previous literature and as new findings. Hemato-biochemical parameters were widely used in fish toxicological studies. Many researches have used the protein electrophoresis as a valid tool to determining intra and inter-specific variation among species. Protein profile was extensively used in determining the health of fish, as indicators of anemia or other diseases provide information about the existence of the disease, and in the diagnosis of disease. So, to carry out the aim of this study, we reported one of the more advanced techniques used SDS-PAGE as molecular biomarker for protein profile analysis in fish with shedding the light on the importance of hematological and biochemical parameters in fish toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola I. Muhammad
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Usama M. Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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Zheng ZX, Tang Y, Fang J, Peng X, Fan JD, Cui HM, Yang LZ. Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Properties of Peripheral Blood Cells of Piebald Naked Carp (Gymnocypris eckloni). Anat Histol Embryol 2016; 46:17-24. [PMID: 26786325 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructural and cytochemical properties of peripheral blood cells of Gymnocypris eckloni were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a range of cytochemical techniques to provide clear insight into the structure and function of blood cells from this fish. Ultrastructurally, erythrocytes, leucocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes), thrombocytes and plasma cells were identified in the peripheral blood of G. eckloni. The most special ultrastructural characteristics of blood cells in this fish were that neutrophils exhibited only one type of cytoplasmic granules containing an eccentric, spherical or oval electron-dense core, and eosinophils presented two types of granules with non-uniform electronic density and without crystalloids in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes were positive for periodic acid-Schiff and α-naphthyl acetate esterase staining. Intense peroxidase positive staining was observed in neutrophils and monocytes, but not in eosinophils, lymphocytes and thrombocytes. Neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes were stained positively for acid phosphatase, whereas lymphocytes and thrombocytes did not stain. Leucocytes and thrombocytes were negative for alkaline phosphatase and Sudan black B staining. Erythrocytes were negative for all cytochemical staining. The cytochemical and ultrastructural features of peripheral blood cells of G. eckloni were similar to those of other fish species. However, some important differences were identified in G. eckloni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Y Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - X Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J D Fan
- Colleage of Biological and Agro-forestry Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou, 554300, China
| | - H M Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - L Z Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Fang J, Chen K, Cui HM, Peng X, Li T, Zuo ZC. Morphological and cytochemical studies of peripheral blood cells of Schizothorax prenanti. Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:386-94. [PMID: 24117489 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The morphological and cytochemical studies of peripheral blood cells of Schizothorax prenanti were studied by light and electron microscopy. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes and three types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, were distinguished and characterized. In addition to mature erythrocytes, immature and dividing erythrocytes were observed. A few organelles such as mitochondria were distributed in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes. Lymphocytes with heavily clumped heterochromatic nucleus and minimal cytoplasm were classified into small and large lymphocytes. Three different populations of granules, with distinctive ultrastructural aspect, were observed in neutrophils. Monocytes were the fewest leucocytes possessing rich organelles, phagocytized materials and vacuoles. Thrombocytes with various types were the most abundant blood cells among leucocytes and contained a prominent nucleus with dense bands of heterochromatin and many cytoplasmic vacuoles. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was positive in neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and thrombocytes, but not in erythrocytes. Peroxidase-positive staining was observed in neutrophils and monocytes, but not in erythrocytes, lymphocytes and thrombocytes. Only neutrophils were positive for oil red O. Except for erythrocytes, the other blood cells stained positively for acid phosphatase. Only neutrophils and monocytes were positive for α-naphthyl acetate esterase. None of the cells studied were positive for alkaline phosphatase. The morphologic and cytochemical features of blood cells of S. prenanti are similar to those of other fish. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of cultured S. prenanti and will grant early detection of clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, China
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