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Potaczek T, Jasiewicz B. How back pain influences daily activities and quality of life: Incidence of back pain related to age. J Child Orthop 2023; 17:505-511. [PMID: 38050592 PMCID: PMC10693836 DOI: 10.1177/18632521231215855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a prevalent global musculoskeletal issue, with a lifetime prevalence ranging from 49% to 70% in adults. Traditionally associated with adults, recent field surveys indicate comparable prevalence rates in children and adolescents, challenging earlier assumptions. Non-specific low back pain, where the source cannot be identified through diagnostic imaging, accounts for about 80%-90% of cases. Studies have shown that over 80% of adolescents with low back pain exhibit no underlying pathology. The prevalence of low back pain in younger populations varies widely, influenced by study methodology, age, and pain types. Research suggests that back pain prevalence in adolescents increases with age, with a shift in attitudes considering it is not necessarily indicative of specific issues. Level of evidence: level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Potaczek
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Zakopane, Poland
| | - Barbara Jasiewicz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Zakopane, Poland
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of back pain in American children and adolescents, with a focus on anatomic region, duration, severity, and treatment patterns, and to investigate for any predictive variables. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA No study has examined the prevalence of back pain in American children and adolescents in the last 15 years. Because the prevalence of back pain varies greatly by country and year of investigation, previous studies are not generalizable. METHODS A United States epidemiologic cross-sectional survey-based investigation was performed in children and adolescents ages 10 and 18 years old, equally split by age and sex, and representing census-weighted distributions of state of residence, race/ethnicity, and health insurance status. Prevalence of back pain was evaluated and described. RESULTS In total, 1236 (33.7%) participants reported experiencing back pain within the last year and 325 (8.9%) reported severe back pain within the last year. Prevalence of back pain increased with age and was significantly more common in females, P < 0.001 for both. Treatment for back pain was sought by 505 (40.9%) of the participants with pain, of which physical therapy was the most common. Invasive procedural treatment (e.g., injections, surgery) were rare and comprised only 61 (1.6%) of study participants. In addition, government insurance and lack of insurance coverage was associated with low treatment seeking behavior compared to private insurance users (P = 0.010 and P = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION Despite how commonly it presents, the majority of young patients with back pain do not report procedural treatment such as injections or surgery. However, because many American children and adolescents seek treatment, future research on the etiology, treatment, and prevention of back pain in children and adolescents is essential to reducing a common and financially demanding problem. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Beyera GK, O'Brien J, Campbell S. Hospital admission and associated factors among individuals presenting to healthcare facilities for low back pain in Ethiopia. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:763-771. [PMID: 32239632 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this paper is to analyze hospital admission and associated factors following presentation to healthcare facilities for low back pain (LBP) in Ethiopia. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June and November 2018 in South-west Shewa zone of Oromia regional state. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews of adults (≥18 years) with self-reported LBP using a newly developed and validated instrument. All the statistical analyses of (n = 543) individuals with a 1-year history of presentation to healthcare facilities for LBP were performed using R version 3.5.1. The log-binomial regression model was fitted and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify factors associated with hospitalization and the significance level was considered at the P value of ≤ .05. RESULTS The proportion of hospital admissions following presentation to healthcare facilities for LBP was 14.4%, 95% CI 11.4-17.3, with an average length of stay (LOS) 7.4 days, 95% CI 6.4-8.8. The admission rate was 18.5%, 95% CI 13.4-23.3 in females and 11.4%, 95% CI 8.0-15.1 in males. Multiple factors, such as gender, age, living conditions, residential environment, alcohol consumption status, intensity of pain, and presence of additional spinal pain, were found to be independently associated with hospitalization for LBP. CONCLUSIONS The burden on the individuals and the Ethiopian healthcare system as a result of LBP is evident by the rate of hospital admissions. Further evidence on LBP case referral procedures is needed to allow health policy makers to develop appropriate management strategies capable of dealing with the increasing epidemiology of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun Kebede Beyera
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jane O'Brien
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Steven Campbell
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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Beynon AM, Hebert JJ, Lebouef-Yde C, Walker BF. Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part II: unclear or mixed types of back pain. Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:61. [PMID: 31827768 PMCID: PMC6862810 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-019-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Back pain is a global problem in terms of disability and financially, with a large burden both to the individual and to society. Back pain was previously believed to be uncommon in children. However, there is a growing body of evidence that this is not the case. Objective Part I of this scoping review studied risk factors of incident and episodic back pain. In this part II we aimed to identify all risk factors and triggers with unclear or mixed type back pain in young people and to identify any gaps in the literature. Methods A scoping review design was selected to summarise the evidence, as there are many studies on “risk factors” for back pain. The scoping review followed the PRISMSA-ScR guidelines. We considered all studies that tested potential risk factors and triggers for thoracic and/or lumbar spine pain, in children, adolescents, and young adults (≤ 24 years). PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 2018, to identify relevant English language articles. The results regarding potential risk factors were separated into temporal precursors and bidirectional risk factors and the studies were classified by study design. Results Our comprehensive search strategy identified 7356 articles, of which 83 articles were considered eligible for this review (part II). There were 53 cross-sectional studies and 30 cohort studies. Potential risk factors for back pain were: female sex, older age, later pubertal status, positive family history of back pain, increased growth, and a history of back pain, most of which are temporal precursor variables. There was limited research for the illness factors, spinal posture, and muscle endurance in the development of back pain. Conclusion Many of the included studies approached risk factors in similar ways and found factors that were associated with back pain but were not obvious risk factors as causality was uncertain. Future research should be more rigorous and innovative in the way that risk factors are considered. This could be through statistical approaches including cumulative exposures, or longitudinal approaches including multi-trajectory methods. Additionally, data on proposed risk factors should be collected before the onset of back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Beynon
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Hebert
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia.,2Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Charlotte Lebouef-Yde
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia.,3Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bruce F Walker
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted (Prospero CRD42016038186). Observational studies analyzing LBP risk factors among participants aged between 9 and 16 were searched for in 13 electronic databases and 8 specialized journals until March 31, 2016, with no language restrictions. In addition, references in the identified studies were manually tracked. All identified studies that included ≥50 participants aged 9 to 16, were reviewed. Their methodological quality was assessed by 2 reviewers separately, using validated tools, which scored, from worst to best, 0 to 100 for cross-sectional and 0 to 12 for cohort studies. A sensitivity analysis only included studies that had adjusted for confounders, had ≥500 participants, and had a methodological score of ≥50%. RESULTS A total of 5142 citations were screened and 61 studies, including 137,877 participants from 5 continents, were reviewed. Their mean (range) methodological scores were 74.56 (50 to 100) for cross-sectional studies and 7.36 (5 to 9) for cohort studies. The studies had assessed 35 demographic, clinical, biological, family, psychological, ergonomic, and lifestyle risk factors. The mean (range) prevalence of LBP ranged between 15.25% (3.20 to 57.00) for point prevalence and 38.98% (11.60 to 85.56) for lifetime prevalence. Results on the association between LBP and risk factors were inconsistent. In the sensitivity analysis, "older age" and "participation in competitive sports" showed a consistent association with LBP. DISCUSSION Future studies should focus on muscle characteristics, the relationship between body and backpack weights, duration of carrying the backpack, characteristics of sport practice, and which are the factors associated with specifically chronic pain.
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Walters CB, Schwalbach T, Sevene E, Walters J, Jackson T, Hiremath G, Moon TD, McQueen KK. Chronic pain and associated factors in Maputo, Mozambique: a pilot study. Br J Pain 2019; 13:43-53. [PMID: 30671238 DOI: 10.1177/2049463718777009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies estimate that 20% of adults suffer from chronic pain. A meta-analysis in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) found 34% had chronic pain. There are few studies on pain prevalence gathered in Africa. This study surveyed the capital city of Mozambique. Methods This was a cross-sectional study employed in a community setting. The Vanderbilt Global Pain Survey comprised questions on the behaviour and attitudes of respondents regarding pain, including previously validated metrics: the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, the Brief Pain Inventory, Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Score, and the Michigan Body Map. Results Ninety-seven surveys were completed out of 100. Pain every day lasting for more than 6 months in their lifetime was reported as 39.2% (CI: 29.4-49.6), and 52% of respondents had pain the day of the interview. However, the pain resulted in little difficulty with activities of daily living and maintaining relationships (61%-89%). Although none reported mental health disorders, 53.6% had experienced a traumatic event in their life, with 45.2% having related nightmares, anxiety, or fear. Most respondents (99%) would take oral medication if it helped their pain, with a large proportion willing to spend significant money for these (49% would pay >US$40) and willing to travel long distances to get help (55.2% would travel >40 kilometer). Conclusion The prevalence of chronic pain in Maputo, Mozambique is similar to the average for LMICs. Trends in high-income countries suggest that multimodal pain management and multidisciplinary treatments may improve optimal pain control in LMICs.
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Akbar F, AlBesharah M, Al-Baghli J, Bulbul F, Mohammad D, Qadoura B, Al-Taiar A. Prevalence of low Back pain among adolescents in relation to the weight of school bags. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:37. [PMID: 30670005 PMCID: PMC6343268 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the weight of school bag and Low Back Pain (LBP) amongst students remains under intense debate worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LBP amongst public high school students (14 to 19 years) in Kuwait and to investigate the association between LBP and the weight of school bags. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size was conducted on a total of 950 public high school students from all governorates. Data on LBP were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. A 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to rate the intensity of LBP. The students' height and weight in addition to the weight of their school bags were measured using appropriate weight and height scales. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the weight of school bags and LBP while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The estimated lifetime, 6-month, and 1-month prevalence of LBP were 70.3% (95% CI: 67.30-73.21%), 49.1% (95% CI: 45.83-52.28%), and 30.8% (95% CI: 27.81-33.78%) respectively, with significantly higher prevalence amongst females compared to males (p < 0.001). The absolute weight of school bag was not significantly associated with LBP neither in univariable nor multivariable analysis. The relative weight of school bag (as a percentage of the body weight) was significantly associated with LBP in univariable analysis but not in multivariable analysis. The perceived heaviness of school bag, however, was found to be significantly associated with LBP throughout the analysis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, LBP amongst high school students in Kuwait seems to be very common with a prevalence resembling that of high-income countries. Our data suggest that the perceived heaviness of school bag is far more important than the actual bag weight. Current recommendations about the weight of school bags, which are not supported by evidence, should be revised to take into account the students' perceived heaviness of school bag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Akbar
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Box: 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Muneera AlBesharah
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Box: 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Jumana Al-Baghli
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Box: 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Farah Bulbul
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Box: 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Dana Mohammad
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Box: 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Bann Qadoura
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Box: 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah Al-Taiar
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Box: 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait.
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Morris LD, Daniels KJ, Ganguli B, Louw QA. An update on the prevalence of low back pain in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:196. [PMID: 30037323 PMCID: PMC6055346 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) remains a common health problem and one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions found among developed and developing nations. The following paper reports on an updated search of the current literature into the prevalence of LBP among African nations and highlights the specific challenges faced in retrieving epidemiological information in Africa. METHODS A comprehensive search of all accessible bibliographic databases was conducted. Population-based studies into the prevalence of LBP among children/adolescents and adults living in Africa were included. Methodological quality of included studies was appraised using an adapted tool. Meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and publication bias were also conducted. RESULTS Sixty-five studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies were conducted in Nigeria (n = 31;47%) and South Africa (n = 16;25%). Forty-three included studies (66.2%) were found to be of higher methodological quality. The pooled lifetime, annual and point prevalence of LBP in Africa was 47% (95% CI 37;58); 57% (95% CI 51;63) and 39% (95% CI 30;47), respectively. CONCLUSION This review found that the lifetime, annual and point prevalence of LBP among African nations was considerably higher than or comparable to global LBP prevalence estimates reported. Due to the poor methodological quality found among many of the included studies, the over-representation of affluent countries and the difficulty in sourcing and retrieving potential African studies, it is recommended that future African LBP researchers conduct methodologically robust studies and report their findings in accessible resources. TRIAL REGISTRATION The original protocol of this systematic review was initially registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42014010417 on 09 July 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzette Deidrè Morris
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO BOX 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Kurt John Daniels
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO BOX 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Bhaswati Ganguli
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Quinette Abegail Louw
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO BOX 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
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Hurwitz EL, Randhawa K, Torres P, Yu H, Verville L, Hartvigsen J, Côté P, Haldeman S. The Global Spine Care Initiative: a systematic review of individual and community-based burden of spinal disorders in rural populations in low- and middle-income communities. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 27:802-815. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chiwaridzo M, Chikasha TN, Naidoo N, Dambi JM, Tadyanemhandu C, Munambah N, Chizanga PT. Content validity and test-retest reliability of a low back pain questionnaire in Zimbabwean adolescents. Arch Physiother 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 29340198 PMCID: PMC5759913 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-017-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Zimbabwe, a recent increase in the volume of research on recurrent non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) has revealed that adolescents are commonly affected. This is alarming to health professionals and parents and calls for serious primary preventative strategies to be developed and implemented forthwith. Early identification initiatives should be prioritised in order to curtail the condition and its progression. In an attempt to be proactive in minimising the prevalence of recurrent NSLBP, this study was conducted to evaluate the content validity and test-retest reliability of a survey questionnaire with the aim of proffering a valid and reliable questionnaire which can be used in non-clinical settings to identify adolescents with recurrent NSLBP in Harare, Zimbabwe and determine the possible factors associated with the condition. METHODS The study was conducted in two parts. The first part assessed content validity of the questionnaire using four experts derived from academia and clinical practice. The second part evaluated the reliability of the questionnaire among 125 high school-children aged between 13 and 19 years in a test-retest study. RESULTS Twenty-six (26) out of thirty questions in the questionnaire had an Item Content Validity index of 1.00, demonstrating complete agreement among content experts. Overall, the Scale Content Validity Index for the questionnaire was 0.97. Item completion for the reliability study was satisfactory. The questionnaire items had kappa values ranging from 0.17 (slight agreement) to 1 (perfect agreement). High levels of reliability were found for the questions on school bag use (k=0.94), sports participation (k=0.97), and lifetime prevalence (k=0.89). CONCLUSION Excellent content validity and slight to perfect test-retest reliability was found for the Low Back Pain (LBP) questionnaire. These results are comparable to findings of other studies evaluating the psychometric properties of LBP questionnaires. Cognisant of the limitations of the study, the results of this study suggest that the LBP questionnaire could be used in local studies investigating LBP among adolescents although questions enquiring on functional limitations and sciatica may need further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chiwaridzo
- Rehabilitation Department, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare Zimbabwe
- Division of Physiotherapy, University of Cape Town, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwa Nicole Chikasha
- Rehabilitation Department, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Nirmala Naidoo
- Division of Physiotherapy, University of Cape Town, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jermaine Matewu Dambi
- Rehabilitation Department, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Cathrine Tadyanemhandu
- Rehabilitation Department, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Nyaradzai Munambah
- Rehabilitation Department, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Precious Trish Chizanga
- Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Harare Polytechnic College, P.O Box CY 407, Causeway, Harare Zimbabwe
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Systematic review with meta-analysis of childhood and adolescent risk and prognostic factors for musculoskeletal pain. Pain 2016; 157:2640-2656. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wáng YXJ, Wáng JQ, Káplár Z. Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:199-206. [PMID: 27190772 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Female sex hormones play an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of a variety of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases. Postmenopausal women show accelerated disc degeneration due to relative estrogen deficiency. This literature review aims to validate or falsify this hypothesis, i.e., while overall females have higher prevalence of low back pain (LBP) across all age groups, this male vs. female difference in LBP prevalence further increases after female menopause age. The literature search was performed on PubMed on January 2, 2016. The search word combination was (low back pain) AND prevalence AND [(males OR men) AND (females OR women)]. The following criteria were taken to include the papers for synthetic analysis: (I) only English primary literatures on nonspecific pain; (II) only prospective studies on general population, but not population with occupational LBP causes, of both males and female subjects studied using the same LBP criterion, ages-specific information available, and males and female subjects were age-matched; (III) studies without major quality flaws. In total 98 studies with 772,927 subjects were analyzed. According to the information in the literature, participant subjects were divided into four age groups: (I) school age children group: 6-19 years; (II) young and middle aged group: 20-50 years; (III) mixed age group: data from studies did not differentiate age groups; (IV) elderly group: ≥50 years old. When individual studies were not weighted by participant number and each individual study is represented as one entry regardless of their sample size, the median LBP prevalence ratio of female vs. males was 1.310, 1.140, 1.220, and 1.270 respectively for the four age groups. When individual studies were weighted by participant number, the LBP prevalence ratio of female vs. males was 1.360, 1.127, 1.185, and 1.280 respectively for the four groups. The higher LBP prevalence in school age girls than in school age boys is likely due to psychological factors, female hormone fluctuation, and menstruation. Compared with young and middle aged subjects, a further increased LBP prevalence in females than in males was noted after menopause age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jùn-Qīng Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zoltán Káplár
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chiwaridzo M, Naidoo N. Are parents and adolescents in agreement on reporting of recurrent non-specific low back pain in adolescents? A cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:203. [PMID: 26645723 PMCID: PMC4673738 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-specific low back pain is a prevalent symptom in adolescents and is recurrent in some instances. Recent studies have highlighted the marked impact the condition has on daily life of adolescents. However, it is unclear if parents of adolescents reporting recurrent non-specific low back pain know about their child's status. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of agreement between adolescents and their parents in reporting recurrent non-specific low back pain in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS This cross-sectional study formed part of a large study carried out to ascertain the prevalence of non-specific low back pain in Zimbabwean adolescents. Six hundred and twenty (n = 620) Medical Health Questionnaires were sent to parents. School-children with returned questionnaires and informed consents signed were subsequently eligible to participate. A reliable and validated low back pain study questionnaire was administered to 544 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 years randomly selected from government-administered schools. The questionnaire sought to determine adolescents with recurrent NSLBP. The Kappa statistic (k) was used to analyse agreement between adolescents and parental reports on recurrent NSLBP status. RESULTS Parental and school-children response rates were acceptable (90.3 and 97.8 %, respectively). The prevalence of recurrent NSLBP was 28.8 % [95 % Confidence Interval, CI = 26.0-31.6]. Both sexes were equally affected [χ (2) (1) =0.19, p = 0.67]. The prevalence increased with age in both sexes [χ (2) trend =90.9, p < 0.001]. Parental reports agreed in 16.3 and 98.7 % for the adolescents with and without recurrent NSLBP respectively. The value of kappa (k) was 0.20 [SE = 0.04; 95 % CI, 0.13-0.27] with a prevalence index and bias index of -0.65 and 0.23, respectively. These results suggest poor strength of the agreement. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent non-specific low back pain is relatively common among Zimbabwean adolescents. Most of the parents of school-children with recurrent non-specific low back pain are unaware of the low back pain status of their children. Although this does not dismiss the relevance of non-specific low back pain reported during adolescence, these findings create a need to involve parents in awareness or preventive initiatives against low back pain in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chiwaridzo
- Rehabilitation Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Nirmala Naidoo
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Chiwaridzo M, Naidoo N. Differences in personal and lifestyle characteristics among Zimbabwean high school adolescents with and without recurrent non-specific low back pain: a two part cross-sectional study. Arch Physiother 2015; 5:13. [PMID: 29340182 PMCID: PMC5759904 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-015-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is increasingly becoming common among adolescents worldwide. A recent study in Zimbabwe showed a relatively high prevalence (28.8 %) among high school students. Influential associated factors, however, remain unclear. This is a significant shortcoming. The aim was to determine personal or lifestyle-related factors associated with recurrent NSLBP among high school adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS This study was part of a large epidemiological study conducted in two continuous parts. Part one sought to determine self-reported associated factors among 532 participants (mean age =16 ± 1.72 years) drawn randomly from selected government schools using a reliable and content-validated questionnaire (Kappa coefficient, k = 0.32-1). Part two purposively identified adolescents (N = 64, median age =17 years, interquartile range, IQR = 15-18 years) with a history of 'severe' recurrent NSLBP from part one based on a specific eligibility criteria and compared body mass index, relative school bag weight and hamstring flexibility with matched adolescents without NSLBP. Data was analysed using Statistica version 11. Independent t-tests or χ2 tests of association were used for continuous and categorical data, respectively. The statistical significance was set at p < .05. RESULTS Recurrent NSLBP was associated with self-reported factors such as perceptions of a heavy school bag [χ2 (1) = 85.9, p < 0.001]. A significant proportion of adolescents with recurrent NSLBP spent over 30 min carrying the school bag to and from school [χ2 (1) =32.2, p < 0.001]. It was also associated with prolonged sitting (p < 0.001), not playing sports [χ2 (1) =5.85, p = 0.02] and tight hamstrings [χ2 (1) =7.6, p = 0.006]. CONCLUSIONS Although conclusions from this study are hesitant because of the cross-sectional nature of the study and the relatively small sample size in follow-up study, recurrent NSLBP is associated with perceptions of a heavy school bag, duration of school bag carriage, no sports participation, prolonged sitting on entertainment activities, and tight hamstrings. These findings add to the importance of promoting physical activity at school or home especially aimed at improving muscle flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chiwaridzo
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Nirmala Naidoo
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
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Functional consequences and health-care seeking behaviour for recurrent non-specific low back pain in Zimbabwean adolescents: a cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 25:643-50. [PMID: 26148568 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the consequences of recurrent non-specific low back pain in Zimbabwean adolescents. Recurrent non-specific low back pain is a common cause of adult disability in low-income countries. However, its impact in adolescents has been a matter of debate in the literature. METHODS A survey was conducted using a cluster sample of 544 school children between the ages of 13 and 19 years. The school children were randomly selected from government-administered secondary schools in Harare, Zimbabwe. RESULTS Parental and students' response rate were 90.3 and 97.8 %, respectively. Almost a third (28.8 %) of school children reported recurrent symptoms (CI 27.8-31.6). However, the majority (84 %) of these cases were unknown to parents. Twenty-seven percent reported having sought medical treatment. On the nine-item Hanover Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, 71.2 % of school children had at least one activity of daily living compromised by recurrent NSLBP, especially sports participation. However, severe disability was reported in 28 % of the adolescents. Health-care seeking behaviour was not associated with the level of disability [χ (2)(1) = 0.36, p = 0.55]. CONCLUSION Although most parents are unaware, recurrent NSLBP is common in Zimbabwean school children. However, treatment is rarely sought for the symptoms. A preponderance of adolescents with recurrent NSLBP experiences some degree of functional consequences, although severe disability is rare. There is need to raise awareness of the condition in schools and to parents. Spinal health educational programmes may need to be implemented to avert the functional consequences. Further studies are needed in the future to investigate the coping strategies for pain in adolescents.
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Adegoke BOA, Odole AC, Adeyinka AA. Adolescent low back pain among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:429-37. [PMID: 26124788 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent low back pain (ALBP) can be considered a signal or precursor of a serious organic disease or telltale sign of future incidence of low back pain in adulthood. Published articles on ALBP in Nigeria are not readily available. OBJECTIVES The study's objectives were to investigate the prevalence of Adolescent Low Back Pain (ALBP) among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria and the prevalence's association with some socio-demographic variables. METHODS Participants were adolescent students from 15 secondary schools in Ibadan. Data was collected using a respondent-administered, validated questionnaire on low back pain in adolescents. Participants (Female: 298; Male: 273) aged 14.23 ±2.27 years (range 10-19) were recruited through multi-stage random sampling. Five hundred and seventy-one (83.97%) of the 680 copies of the questionnaire administered were returned. Data was analysed using mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, and Chi-square test with alpha level at 0.05. RESULT Lifetime, twelve-month, one-month and point prevalence rates of ALBP were 58.0%, 43.8%, 25.6% and 14.7% respectively. Age at first experience of ALBP was 11.86 ± 2.36 years. Gender was not significantly associated with any rate (p ≥0.317). Age (p ≤ 0.043) and engagement in commercial activities (p ≤ 0.025) were significantly associated with all period prevalence rates while injury to the back was significantly associated with all period prevalence rates except point prevalence (p = 0.087). CONCLUSION Adolescent low back pain is common among secondary school students in Ibadan and its prevalence is significantly associated with age and engagement in commercial activities, but not with gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde O A Adegoke
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola C Odole
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo A Adeyinka
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Quality of life, school backpack weight, and nonspecific low back pain in children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015; 91:263-9. [PMID: 25659353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the degree of disability, anthropometric variables, quality of life (QoL), and school backpack weight in boys and girls aged 11-17 years. The differences in QoL between those who did or did not report low back pain (LBP) were also analyzed. METHODS Eighty-six girls (13.9 ± 1.9 years of age) and 63 boys (13.7 ± 1.7 years of age) participated. LBP was assessed by questionnaire, and disability using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. QoL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Multivariate analyses of variance and covariance were used to assess differences between groups. RESULTS Girls reported higher disability than boys (p = 0.01), and lower QoL in the domains of physical (p < 0.001) and emotional functioning (p < 0.01), psychosocial health (p = 0.02) and physical health summary score (p < 0.001), and on the total PedsQL score (p < 0.01). School backpack weight was similar in both genders (p = 0.61) and in participants with and without LBP (p = 0.15). After adjustments, participants with LBP reported lower physical functioning (p < 0.01), influencing lower physical health summary score (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Girls had higher disability and lower QoL than boys in the domains of physical and emotional functioning, psychosocial health, and physical health summary scores, and on the total PedsQL score; however, similar school backpack weight was reported. Participants with LBP revealed lower physical functioning and physical health summary score, yet had similar school backpack weight to those without LBP.
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Quality of life, school backpack weight, and nonspecific low back pain in children and adolescents. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Chiwaridzo M, Naidoo N. Prevalence and associated characteristics of recurrent non-specific low back pain in Zimbabwean adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:381. [PMID: 25406690 PMCID: PMC4246475 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until recently, non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) in adolescents was considered a rare phenomenon unlike in adults. The last two decades has shown an increasing amount of research highlighting the prevalence in this age group. Recent studies estimate lifetime prevalence at 7%-80%, point prevalence at 10%-15%, and prevalence of recurrent NSLBP at 13%-36%. In Zimbabwe, there is dearth of literature on the magnitude of the problem in adolescents. Therefore, the aims of the study were to determine the prevalence (lifetime, point, recurrent) and the nature of recurrent NSLBP reported by adolescents in secondary schools. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire. A cluster sample of 544 adolescents (age 13–19 years) randomly derived from government schools participated in the study. Lifetime prevalence, point prevalence and prevalence of recurrent NSLBP were presented as percentages of the total population. Exact 95% confidence intervals were given. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the effect of gender and age on prevalence. Results The students’ response rate was 97.8%. The lifetime prevalence was 42.9% [95% confidence interval = 40.8-44.6] with no significant difference between sexes [χ2 (1) =0.006, p = 0.94]. However, NSLBP peaked earlier in female students (13.9 years) than in male students (15 years) [t (226) = 4.21, p < 0.001]. About 10% of the adolescents reported having an episode of NSLBP on the day of the survey. However, female students (14.2%) were more affected on the day [χ2 (1) = 11.2, p < 0.001]. Twenty-nine percent of the adolescents experienced recurrent NSLBP with 78% experiencing at least three episodes in the last 12 months. On average, recurrent NSLBP reported was mild in intensity (4.8 ± 1.9) on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and short in duration. Recurrent NSLBP was associated with sciatica in 20.9% of adolescents. Conclusions NSLBP is a common occurrence among Zimbabwean adolescents in secondary schools. It increases with chronological age and is recurrent in the minority of adolescents. Although much of the symptomatology may be considered benign, the existence of recurrent NSLBP in adolescents before their work-life begins should be a concern to health professionals, teachers and parents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-381) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chiwaridzo
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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20
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Silva MROGCM, Badaró AFV, Dall'Agnol MM. Low back pain in adolescent and associated factors: A cross sectional study with schoolchildren. Braz J Phys Ther 2014; 18:402-9. [PMID: 25372002 PMCID: PMC4228625 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of low back pain nonspecific and associated factors in schoolchildren. METHOD This cross-sectional study investigated 343 adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 years, of both sexes of public schools. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, type of school transportation, body mass index and low back pain. The outcome was defined as discomfort localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds in the last 12 months. RESULTS The prevalence of low back pain in the last year was 57% (n=195) among participants, with no significant difference between the sexes (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.37). Advancing age and body mass index were associated with the presence of low back pain in the bivariate analysis. The remaining seated at school in usual days was considered one of the main activities that trigger symptoms that lasted up to seven days for the majority (80%) of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of low back pain presented, indicating that it is a common condition among these adolescents. There was no difference between the sexes, but had influence of age and body mass index. Our results point to the need for the development epidemiological studies of low back pain among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica R O G C M Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Fátima V Badaró
- Departamento de Fisioterapia e Reabilitação, CCS, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Cavlak U, Cimbiz A, Akdag B. Non specific low back pain in a Turkish population based sample of school children: a field survey with analysis of associated factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1163/156856906778704678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Calvo-Muñoz I, Gómez-Conesa A, Sánchez-Meca J. Prevalence of low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:14. [PMID: 23351394 PMCID: PMC3571904 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is common in children and adolescents, and it is becoming a public health concern. In recent years there has been a considerable increase in research studies that examine the prevalence of LBP in this population, but studies exhibit great variability in the prevalence rates reported. The purpose of this research was to examine, by means of a meta-analytic investigation, the prevalence rates of LBP in children and adolescents. METHODS Studies were located from computerized databases (ISI Web of Knowledge, MedLine, PEDro, IME, LILACS, and CINAHL) and other sources. The search period extended to April 2011. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies had to report a prevalence rate (whether point, period or lifetime prevalence) of LBP in children and/or adolescents (≤ 18 years old). Two independent researchers coded the moderator variables of the studies, and extracted the prevalence rates. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for the different types of prevalence in order to avoid dependence problems. In each meta-analysis, a random-effects model was assumed to carry out the statistical analyses. RESULTS A total of 59 articles fulfilled the selection criteria. The mean point prevalence obtained from 10 studies was 0.120 (95% CI: 0.09 and 0.159). The mean period prevalence at 12 months obtained from 13 studies was 0.336 (95% CI: 0.269 and 0.410), whereas the mean period prevalence at one week obtained from six studies was 0.177 (95% CI: 0.124 and 0.247). The mean lifetime prevalence obtained from 30 studies was 0.399 (95% CI: 0.342 and 0.459). Lifetime prevalence exhibited a positive, statistically significant relationship with the mean age of the participants in the samples and with the publication year of the studies. CONCLUSIONS The most recent studies showed higher prevalence rates than the oldest ones, and studies with a better methodology exhibited higher lifetime prevalence rates than studies that were methodologically poor. Future studies should report more information regarding the definition of LBP and there is a need to improve the methodological quality of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Calvo-Muñoz
- Department Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Espinardo Campus, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- Department of Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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De Vitta A, Martinez MG, Piza NT, Simeão SFDAP, Ferreira NP. Prevalência e fatores associados à dor lombar em escolares. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 27:1520-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011000800007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo foi verificar a prevalência de dor lombar em adolescentes e sua relação com a prática de esportes e atividades sedentárias. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 1.236 escolares das 5ª a 8ª séries do Ensino Fundamental de Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram utilizados um protocolo estruturado e o questionário nórdico de sintomas musculoesqueléticos. A análise foi realizada mediante uma abordagem descritiva, bivariada e multivariada por regressão logística binária. Notou-se que a prevalência de dor lombar foi de 19,5%, sendo 7% nos meninos e 12,5% nas meninas, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre os gêneros (p < 0,00001), a faixa etária (p = 0,0057) e prática de esportes (p = 0,0001). Na análise bivariada e multivariada, observaram-se associações independentes entre dor lombar e o gênero feminino, horas na frente da TV e prática de esportes. A dor lombar em escolares pode ter consequências importantes para dores crônicas em adultos, e a compreensão das relações entre as variáveis oferecerá elementos úteis de medidas visando à manutenção, à melhora e à promoção do bem-estar dos estudantes.
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Akdag B, Cavlak U, Cimbiz A, Camdeviren H. Determination of pain intensity risk factors among school children with nonspecific low back pain. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:PH12-5. [PMID: 21278700 PMCID: PMC3524714 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common disease among people under the age of 20. To the best of our knowledge few studies have been carried out on LBP among school children in Turkey, and none of them studied the correlation between pain intensity and related variables with LBP. Material/Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the risk factors and their correlations with pain intensity among 222 school children (106 girls and 116 boys) aged 10–18 years in the city of Denizli. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the data. The regression tree method (RTM) was used to determine the risk factors by using the STATISTICA program package. Pain intensity was the outcome variable, and 8 independent variables (body mass index (BMI), sex, regular exercise habit, studying posture, transportation to/from school, duration of studying, bag handling, and type of bed) were used to detect their effect on pain intensity. Results The results showed that pain intensity is significantly affected by 4 independent variables: duration of studying, type of bed, transportation to/from school, and BMI. The overall mean and standard deviation of pain intensity was 2.58±0.86 (minimum=1, maximum=5). Conclusions Results from the literature, as well as our study, show that taking parents’ and teachers’ concerns seriously is of vital importance. Our results indicate that parents and teachers should be informed about duration of studying, type of bed, transportation and obesity as risk factors predicting NLBP in school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Akdag
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Turkey.
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25
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2010 ISSLS presidential address: juvenile low back pain: some reflections. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36:837-41. [PMID: 21217451 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181ec3f2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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26
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Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R. The Epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010; 24:769-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1076] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Perry MC, Straker LM, Oddy WH, O'Sullivan PB, Smith AJ. Spinal pain and nutrition in adolescents--an exploratory cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:138. [PMID: 20587071 PMCID: PMC2910660 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal pain is an important health issue for adolescents resulting in functional limitations for many and increasing the risk of spinal pain in adulthood. Whilst human and animal studies suggest nutrition could influence spinal pain, this has not been investigated in adolescents. The objective of this exploratory cross sectional study was to evaluate associations between diet and adolescent spinal pain. METHODS This study surveyed the spinal pain (neck and back) and nutrition (specific nutrients, broad food groups, diet quality and dietary pattern) of 1424 male and female adolescents at 14 years of age, in Western Australia. RESULTS Back or neck pain were experienced by around half of the adolescents, with females more likely to experience spinal pain. Nutrition differed between sexes and deviated from optimal intakes. Vitamin B12, eggs, cereals and meat consumption were related to spinal pain in sex specific multivariate analyses including primary carer education level and adolescent waist girth and smoking. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that certain aspects of diet may have an association with spinal pain in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Perry
- School of Physiotherapy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Physiotherapy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anne J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, WA, Australia
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Milanese S, Grimmer-Somers K. What is adolescent low back pain? Current definitions used to define the adolescent with low back pain. J Pain Res 2010; 3:57-66. [PMID: 21197310 PMCID: PMC3004638 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent low back pain (ALBP) is a common form of adolescent morbidity which remains poorly understood. When attempting a meta-analysis of observational studies into ALBP, in an effort to better understand associated risk factors, it is important that the studies involved are homogenic, particularly in terms of the dependent and independent variables. Our preliminary reading highlighted the potential for lack of homogeneity in descriptors used for ALBP. This review identified 39 studies of ALBP prevalence which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, ie, English language, involving adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years), pain localized to lumbar region, and not involving specific subgroups such as athletes and dancers. Descriptions for ALBP used in the literature were categorized into three categories: general ALBP, chronic/recurrent ALBP, and severe/disabling ALBP. Whilst the comparison of period prevalence rates for each category suggest that the three represent different forms of ALBP, it remains unclear whether they represented different stages on a continuum, or represent separate entities. The optimal period prevalence for ALBP recollection depends on the category of ALBP. For general ALBP the optimal period prevalence appears to be up to 12 months, with average lifetime prevalence rates similar to 1-year prevalence rates, suggesting an influence of memory decay on pain recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Milanese
- Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
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Louw QA, Morris LD, Grimmer-Somers K. The prevalence of low back pain in Africa: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007; 8:105. [PMID: 17976240 PMCID: PMC2198912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-8-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition and one the most common causes of disability in the developed nations. Anecdotally, there is a general assumption that LBP prevalence in Africa is comparatively lower than in developed countries. The aim of this review was to systematically appraise the published prevalence studies conducted on the African continent to establish the prevalence of LBP in Africa. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in April 2006. The following databases PEDro, Psychinfo, Science Direct, SportsDiscus, PubMed, CINAHL, Biblioline Pro-African Wide NiPAD and SA ePublications were individually searched using specifically developed search strategies for epidemiological research conducted on LBP amongst the African population. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of the studies reviewed. Results A total of 27 eligible epidemiological studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies (63%) were conducted in South Africa (37%) and Nigeria (26%). The most common population group involved workers (48%), while scholars comprised 15% of the population. 67% of the studies were found to be methodologically sound, and the LBP prevalence of these were analyzed. The mean LBP point prevalence among the adolescents was 12% and among adults was 32%. The average one year prevalence of LBP among adolescents was 33% and among adults was 50%. The average lifetime prevalence of LBP among the adolescents was 36% and among adults was 62%. Conclusion The findings support the global burden of disease of LBP, in addition to suggesting that LBP prevalence among Africans is rising and is of concern. Further research into the most effective strategies to prevent and manage LBP in Africa is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinette A Louw
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic literature review. OBJECTIVE To explore the available research literature, and provide an up-to-date synthesis of the epidemiology of idiopathic adolescent spinal pain (IASP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA IASP and its potential causes have been a concern to researchers for over 2 decades. Because it has been suggested that IASP is related to the incidence of adult spinal pain, it appears important to synthesize what is currently known about IASP. METHOD A systematic meta-synthesis approach was used to identify secondary review articles and primary epidemiological studies regarding any type of IASP (neck, upper back, or low back). RESULTS A total of 56 primary epidemiological (cross-sectional or longitudinal) studies were identified. Spinal or back pain was the most commonly reported measure, with the lifetime prevalence figures ranging from 4.7% to 74.4%. The lifetime prevalence of low back pain had a similar range, 7% to 72%. The prevalence of pain in other areas of the spine (i.e., thoracic spine and neck) was variably reported, as were incidence rates for all areas of the adolescent spine. IASP is thus a significant problem, and the prevalence figures approach those of adults. There is some evidence that IASP is a risk factor for spinal pain in adulthood. However, there was considerable variation in how back pain was defined, the areas of the spine that were reported on, the manner in which data were collected and reported, thus preventing any significant comparisons of prevalence or incidence rates across studies. CONCLUSION Although there is wide discrepancy in the manner in which adolescent spinal pain is reported, it is evident that lifetime prevalence rates increase steadily with age and approximate adult levels by around the age of 18 years. There is an opportunity for further longitudinal research, with standardized methodology, to be undertaken that builds on the findings from this large group of studies.
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31
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Szpalski M. Presidential address of the 32nd annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine: spine care in a global world. A duality of priorities and challenges. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006; 31:1515-9. [PMID: 16778681 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000228710.52112.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szpalski
- Hôpitaux Iris Sud/IRIS South Teaching Hospitals, Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Benoist M. The Michel Benoist and Robert Mulholland yearly European Spine Journal Review. A survey of the "medical" articles in the European Spine Journal, 2004. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2005; 14:3-8. [PMID: 15678339 PMCID: PMC3476676 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-005-0879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2004] [Accepted: 12/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Benoist
- Hôpital Beaujon, Département de Rhumatologie, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, 100 Boulevard Général Leclerc, 92118, Clichy, France.
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