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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Keipert S, Jastroch M, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Brown adipose tissue-derived metabolites and their role in regulating metabolism. Metabolism 2024; 150:155709. [PMID: 37866810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and rejuvenation of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have offered a new approach to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Beyond its accomplished role in adaptive thermogenesis, BAT secretes signaling molecules known as "batokines", which are instrumental in regulating whole-body metabolism via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine action. In addition to the intrinsic BAT metabolite-oxidizing activity, the endocrine functions of these molecules may help to explain the association between BAT activity and a healthy systemic metabolic profile. Herein, we review the evidence that underscores the significance of BAT-derived metabolites, especially highlighting their role in controlling physiological and metabolic processes involving thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other essential biological processes. The conversation extends to their capacity to enhance energy expenditure and mitigate features of obesity and its related metabolic complications. Thus, metabolites derived from BAT may provide new avenues for the discovery of metabolic health-promoting drugs with far-reaching impacts. This review aims to dissect the complexities of the secretory role of BAT in modulating local and systemic metabolism in metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ricci M, De Feo MS, Granese GM, Frantellizzi V, Carabellese B, Lubrano E, Cimini A. 18F-FDG PET/CT technology for the assessment of brown adipose tissue: an updated review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:1143-1156. [PMID: 37965719 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2283618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review provides an update of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) for Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity quantification, whose role is not completely understood. AREAS COVERED We conducted an unstructured search of the literature for any studies employing the [18F] FDG PET in BAT assessment. We explored BAT quantification both in healthy individuals and in different pathologies, after cold exposure and as a metabolic biomarker. The assessment of possible BAT modulators by using [18F] FDG PET is shown. Further PET tracers and novel developments for BAT assessments are also described. EXPERT OPINION Further PET tracers and imaging modalities are under investigation, but the [18F] FDG PET is currently the method of choice for the evaluation of BAT and further multicentric trials are needed for a better understanding of the BAT physiopathology, also after cold stimuli. The modulation of BAT activity, assessed by [18F] FDG PET imaging, seems a promising tool for the management of conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, an interesting possible correlation of BAT activation with prognostic [18F] FDG PET indices in cancer patients should be assessed with further multicentric trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ricci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia De Feo
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Maria Granese
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Lubrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi del Molise, Italy
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Cimini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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Sewaybricker LE, Huang A, Chandrasekaran S, Melhorn SJ, Schur EA. The Significance of Hypothalamic Inflammation and Gliosis for the Pathogenesis of Obesity in Humans. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:281-296. [PMID: 36251886 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated preclinical literature demonstrates that hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis are underlying causal components of diet-induced obesity in rodent models. This review summarizes and synthesizes available translational data to better understand the applicability of preclinical findings to human obesity and its comorbidities. The published literature in humans includes histopathologic analyses performed postmortem and in vivo neuroimaging studies measuring indirect markers of hypothalamic tissue microstructure. Both support the presence of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in children and adults with obesity. Findings predominantly point to tissue changes in the region of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, although findings of altered tissue characteristics in whole hypothalamus or other hypothalamic regions also emerged. Moreover, the severity of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis has been related to comorbid conditions, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and low testosterone levels in men, independent of elevated body adiposity. Cross-sectional findings are augmented by a small number of prospective studies suggesting that a greater degree of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis may predict adiposity gain and worsening insulin sensitivity in susceptible individuals. In conclusion, existing human studies corroborate a large preclinical literature demonstrating that hypothalamic neuroinflammatory responses play a role in obesity pathogenesis. Extensive or permanent hypothalamic tissue remodeling may negatively affect the function of neuroendocrine regulatory circuits and promote the development and maintenance of elevated body weight in obesity and/or comorbid endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98015, USA
| | | | - Susan J Melhorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ellen A Schur
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Monfort-Pires M, Regeni-Silva G, Dadson P, Nogueira GA, U-Din M, Ferreira SRG, Sapienza MT, Virtanen K, Velloso LA. Brown fat triglyceride content is associated with cardiovascular risk markers in adults from a tropical region. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919588. [PMID: 35928901 PMCID: PMC9343995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is regarded as an interesting potential target for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, and the detailed characterization of its structural and functional phenotype could enable an advance in these fields. Most studies evaluating BAT structure and function were performed in temperate climate regions, and we are yet to know how these findings apply to the 40% of the world's population living in tropical areas. Here, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate BAT in 45 lean, overweight, and obese volunteers living in a tropical area in Southeast Brazil. We aimed at investigating the associations between BAT activity, volume, metabolic activity, and BAT content of triglycerides with adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in a sample of adults living in a tropical area and we showed that BAT glucose uptake is not correlated with leanness; instead, BAT triglyceride content is correlated with visceral adiposity and markers of cardiovascular risk. This study expands knowledge regarding the structure and function of BAT in people living in tropical areas. In addition, we provide evidence that BAT triglyceride content could be an interesting marker of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Monfort-Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University ofCampinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Milena Monfort-Pires, ; Licio A. Velloso,
| | - Giulianna Regeni-Silva
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health -University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guilherme A. Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University ofCampinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra R. G. Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Finland
| | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Licio A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University ofCampinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Milena Monfort-Pires, ; Licio A. Velloso,
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Brendle C, Stefan N, Grams E, Soekler M, la Fougère C, Pfannenberg C. Determinants of activity of brown adipose tissue in lymphoma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21802. [PMID: 33311572 PMCID: PMC7732986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The determinants of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity are not yet known in detail but might serve as future therapeutic targets against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 235 datasets of lymphoma patients with two PET/CT examinations at different time points retrospectively. We assessed the anthropometric characteristics, features related to the metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, season of the PET/CT examination, weight change, prior cancer history, lymphoma subgroups, disease activity, and specific lymphoma-related therapies, and evaluated their association with BAT activity. We found BAT activity in 12% of all examinations, and the incidence of BAT activity after initially negative examinations was 10%. In multivariate regression analysis, the prevalence of BAT activity was associated with age, body mass index, sex, the season of the examination, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and medication on the beta-receptors. New BAT activity arose more often in patients without preceding lymphoma-related therapy. No specific medication was associated with BAT activity. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential connection of BAT with the metabolic syndrome. Preceding lymphoma-related therapy might have an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendle
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Grams
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Soekler
- Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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