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Schroeder J, Lagisetty K, Lynch W, Lin J, Chang AC, Reddy RM. Rural Women Have a Prolonged Recovery Process after Esophagectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1078. [PMID: 38539414 PMCID: PMC10968561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender and geographic access to care play a large role in health disparities in esophageal cancer care. The aim of our study was to evaluate disparities in peri-operative outcomes for patients undergoing esophagectomy based on gender and geographic location. METHODS A retrospective cohort of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent esophagectomy from 2003 to 2022 was identified and analyzed based on gender and county, which were aggregated into existing state-level "metropolitan" versus "rural" designations. The demographics, pre-operative treatment, surgical complications, post-operative outcomes, and length of stay (LOS) of each group were analyzed using chi-squared, paired t-tests and single-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Of the 1545 patients, men (83.6%) and women (16.4%) experienced similar rates of post-operative complications, but women experienced significantly longer hospital (p = 0.002) and ICU (p = 0.03) LOSs as compared with their male counterparts, with no differences in 30-day mortality. When separated by geographic criteria, rural women were further outliers, with significantly longer hospital LOSs (p < 0.001) and higher rates of ICU admission (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Rural female patients undergoing esophagectomy were more likely to have a longer inpatient recovery process compared with their female metropolitan or male counterparts, suggesting a need for more targeted interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schroeder
- University of Michigan Medical School, 3808 Medical Science Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kiran Lagisetty
- University of Michigan Medical School, 3808 Medical Science Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, TC 2120, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William Lynch
- University of Michigan Medical School, 3808 Medical Science Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, TC 2120, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jules Lin
- University of Michigan Medical School, 3808 Medical Science Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, TC 2120, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew C. Chang
- University of Michigan Medical School, 3808 Medical Science Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, TC 2120, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rishindra M. Reddy
- University of Michigan Medical School, 3808 Medical Science Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, TC 2120, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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2
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Mantziari S, Elliott JA, Markar SR, Klevebro F, Goense L, Johar A, Lagergren P, Zaninotto G, van Hillegersberg R, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Schäfer M, Nilsson M, Hanna GB, Reynolds JV. Sex-related differences in oncologic outcomes, operative complications and health-related quality of life after curative-intent oesophageal cancer treatment: multicentre retrospective analysis. BJS Open 2024; 8:zrae026. [PMID: 38568850 PMCID: PMC10989878 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer, in particular adenocarcinoma, has a strong male predominance. However, the impact of patient sex on operative and oncologic outcomes and recovery of health-related quality of life is poorly documented, and was the focus of this large multicentre cohort study. METHODS All consecutive patients who underwent oncological oesophagectomy from 2009 to 2015 in the 20 European iNvestigation of SUrveillance after Resection for Esophageal cancer study group centres were assessed. Clinicopathologic variables, therapeutic approach, postoperative complications, survival and health-related quality of life data were compared between male and female patients. Multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, tumour histology, treatment protocol and major complications. Specific subgroup analyses comparing adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell cancer for all key outcomes were performed. RESULTS Overall, 3974 patients were analysed, 3083 (77.6%) male and 891 (22.4%) female; adenocarcinoma was predominant in both groups, while squamous cell cancer was observed more commonly in female patients (39.8% versus 15.1%, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated improved outcomes in female patients for overall survival (HRmales 1.24, 95% c.i. 1.07 to 1.44) and disease-free survival (HRmales 1.22, 95% c.i. 1.05 to 1.43), which was caused by the adenocarcinoma subgroup, whereas this difference was not confirmed in squamous cell cancer. Male patients presented higher health-related quality of life functional scores but also a higher risk of financial problems, while female patients had lower overall summary scores and more persistent gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION This study reveals uniquely that female sex is associated with more favourable long-term survival after curative treatment for oesophageal cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, although long-term overall and gastrointestinal health-related quality of life are poorer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Mantziari
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessie A Elliott
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Surgical Intervention Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lucas Goense
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Asif Johar
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lagergren
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Richard van Hillegersberg
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark I van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Schäfer
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - John V Reynolds
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Khan SH, Perkins AJ, Jawaid S, Wang S, Lindroth H, Schmitt RE, Doles J, True JD, Gao S, Caplan GA, Twigg HL, Kesler K, Khan BA. Serum proteomic analysis in esophagectomy patients with postoperative delirium: A case-control study. Heart Lung 2024; 63:35-41. [PMID: 37748302 PMCID: PMC10843392 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium occurs in up to 80% of patients undergoing esophagectomy. We performed an exploratory proteomic analysis to identify protein pathways that may be associated with delirium post-esophagectomy. OBJECTIVES Identify proteins associated with delirium and delirium severity in a younger and higher-risk surgical population. METHODS We performed a case-control study using blood samples collected from patients enrolled in a negative, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. English speaking adults aged 18 years or older, undergoing esophagectomy, who had blood samples obtained were included. Cases were defined by a positive delirium screen after surgery while controls were patients with negative delirium assessments. Delirium was assessed using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, and delirium severity was assessed by Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. Blood samples were collected pre-operatively and on post-operative day 1, and discovery proteomic analysis was performed. Between-group differences in median abundance ratios were reported using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Odds (WMWodds1) test. RESULTS 52 (26 cases, 26 controls) patients were included in the study with a mean age of 64 (SD 9.6) years, 1.9% were females and 25% were African American. The median duration of delirium was 1 day (IQR: 1-2), and the median delirium/coma duration was 2.5 days (IQR: 2-4). Two proteins with greater relative abundance ratio in patients with delirium were: Coagulation factor IX (WMWodds: 1.89 95%CI: 1.0-4.2) and mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase (WMWodds: 2.4 95%CI: 1.03-9.9). Protein abundance ratios associated with mean delirium severity at postoperative day 1 were Complement C2 (Spearman rs = -0.31, 95%CI [-0.55, -0.02]) and Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase (rs = 0.61, 95%CI = [0.29, 0.81]). CONCLUSIONS We identified changes in proteins associated with coagulation, inflammation, and protein handling; larger, follow-up studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis-generating findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar H Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Anthony J Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samreen Jawaid
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sophia Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Heidi Lindroth
- Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca E Schmitt
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason Doles
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason D True
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gideon A Caplan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Homer L Twigg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth Kesler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Babar A Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Center of Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Wei L, Xu J, Hu X, Xie Y, Lyu G. A predictive scoring model to select suitable patients for surgery on primary tumor in metastatic esophageal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1898. [PMID: 37702247 PMCID: PMC10728509 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery on primary tumor (SPT) has been a common treatment strategy for many types of cancer. AIMS This study aimed to investigate whether SPT could be considered a treatment option for metastatic esophageal cancer and to identify the patient population that would benefit the most from SPT. METHODS Data from 18 registration sites in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database (SEER database) were analyzed to select patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for pre-treatment survival. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were used to construct a pre-treatment nomogram. A pre-surgery predictive model was then developed using the pre-surgery factors to score patients, called the "pre-surgery score". The optimal cut-off value for the "pre-surgery score" was determined using X-tile analysis, and patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk subsets. It was hypothesized that patients with a low "pre-surgery score" risk would benefit the most from SPT. RESULTS A total of 3793 patients were included in the analysis. SPT was found to be an independent risk factor for the survival of metastatic esophageal cancer patients. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with liver or lung metastases derived more benefit from SPT compared to those with bone or brain metastases. A pre-treatment predictive model was constructed to estimate the survival rates at one, two, and three years, which showed good accuracy (C-index: 0.705 for the training set and 0.701 for the validation set). Patients with a "pre-surgery score" below 4.9 were considered to have a low mortality risk and benefitted from SPT (SPT vs. non-surgery: median overall survival (OS): 24 months vs. 4 months, HR = 0.386, 95% CI: 0.303-0.491, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that SPT could improve the OS of patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. The pre-treatment scoring model developed in this study might be useful in identifying suitable candidates for SPT. The strengths of this study include the large patient sample size and rigorous statistical analyses. However, limitations should be noted due to the retrospective study design, and prospective studies are needed to validate the findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiming Wei
- School of Advanced Manufacturing EngineeringHefei UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xueyou Hu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing EngineeringHefei UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Advanced Manufacturing EngineeringHefei UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Gang Lyu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing EngineeringHefei UniversityHefeiChina
- School of Big data and Artificial IntelligenceChizhou UniversityChizhouChina
- Institute of Artificial IntelligenceHefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefeiChina
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Rabbani S, Mattsson F, Lagergren J, Xie S. Use of 5α-reductase inhibitors and survival of oesophageal and gastric cancer in a nationwide Swedish cohort study. Acta Oncol 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37216488 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2214681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesised that the use of the anti-androgenic drug 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) improves survival in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer. METHODS This nationwide Swedish population-based cohort study included men who underwent surgery for oesophageal or gastric cancer between 2006-2015, with follow-up until the end of 2020. Multivariable Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) for associations between 5-ARIs use and 5-year all-cause mortality (main outcome) and 5-year disease-specific mortality (secondary outcome). The HR was adjusted for age, comorbidity, education, calendar year, neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy, tumour stage, and resection margin status. RESULTS Among 1769 patients with oesophago-gastric cancer, 64 (3.6%) were users of 5-ARIs. Compared to non-users, users of 5-ARIs were not at any decreased risk of 5-year all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.79-1.63) or 5-year disease-specific mortality (adjusted HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.79-1.52). Use of 5-ARIs was not associated with any decreased risk of 5-year all-cause mortality in subgroup analyses stratified by categories of age, comorbidity, tumour stage, or tumour subtype (oesophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma, non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, or oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma). CONCLUSION This study did not support the hypothesis of improved survival among users of 5-ARIs after curatively intended treatment for oesophago-gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirus Rabbani
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mattsson
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaohua Xie
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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Baxter MA, Spender LC, Walsh S, Bray S, Skinner G, King S, Hall PS, Seymour MJ, Petty RD. Female Sex but Not Oestrogen Receptor Expression Predicts Survival in Advanced Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma-A Post-hoc Analysis of the GO2 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2591. [PMID: 37174057 PMCID: PMC10177024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is a disease of older adults that is associated with a very poor prognosis. It is less common and has better outcomes in females. The reason for this is unknown but may relate to signalling via the main oestrogen receptors (ER) α and β. In this study, we sought to investigate this using the GO2 clinical trial patient cohort. GO2 recruited older and/or frail patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumour samples from 194 patients. The median age of the population was 76 years (range 52-90), and 25.3% were female. Only one (0.5%) tumour sample was positive for ERα, compared to 70.6% for ERβ expression. There was no survival impact according to ERβ expression level. Female sex and younger age were associated with lower ERβ expression. Female sex was also associated with improved overall survival. To our knowledge, this is the largest study worldwide of ER expression in a cohort of patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. It is also unique, given the age of the population. We have demonstrated that female sex is associated with better survival outcomes with palliative chemotherapy but that this does not appear to be related to ER IHC expression. The differing ER expression according to age supports the concept of a different disease biology with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Baxter
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Lindsay C. Spender
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK
| | - Shaun Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Susan Bray
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Gemma Skinner
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Sharon King
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Peter S. Hall
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Matthew J. Seymour
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Russell D. Petty
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
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Stabellini N, Chandar AK, Chak A, Barda AJ, Dmukauskas M, Waite K, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Sex differences in esophageal cancer overall and by histological subtype. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5248. [PMID: 35347189 PMCID: PMC8960903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world, the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death and its incidence is expected to rise 140% in the world in a period of 10 years until 2025. The overall incidence is higher in males, while data about prognosis and survival are not well established yet. The goal of this study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of differences between sexes and other covariates in patients diagnosed with primary esophageal cancer. Data from 2005 to 2020 were obtained from the University Hospitals (UH) Seidman Cancer Center and from 2005 to 2018 from SEER. Patients were categorized according to histological subtype and divided according to sex. Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare variables of interest by sex and the influence of sex on survival was assessed by Kaplan Meier, log rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 1205 patients were used for analysis. Sex differences in all types were found for age at diagnosis, histology, smoking status and prescriptions of NSAIDs and in SCC for age at diagnosis and alcoholism. Survival analysis didn't showed differences between males and females on univariable and multivariable models. Males have a higher incidence of Esophageal Cancer and its two main subtypes but none of the comprehensive set of variables analyzed showed to be strongly or unique correlated with this sex difference in incidence nor are they associated with a sex difference in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Stabellini
- Graduate Education Office, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Breen Pavilion-11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amie J Barda
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mantas Dmukauskas
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristin Waite
- Trans-Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Trans-Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Lundberg E, Lagergren P, Mattsson F, Lagergren J. Life Expectancy in Survivors of Esophageal Cancer Compared with the Background Population. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:2805-2811. [PMID: 35190948 PMCID: PMC8989824 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether the survival of patients cured of esophageal cancer differs from that of the corresponding background population. This nationwide and population-based cohort study included all patients who survived for at least 5 years after surgery for esophageal cancer in Sweden between 1987 and 2015, with follow-up throughout 2020. Relative survival rates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by dividing the observed with the expected survival. The expected survival was assessed from the entire Swedish population of the corresponding age, sex, and calendar year. Yearly relative survival rates were calculated between 6 and 10 years postoperatively. Among all 762 participants, the relative survival was initially similar to the background population (96.1%, 95% CI 94.3–97.9%), but decreased each following postoperative year to 83.5% (95% CI 79.5–87.6%) by year 10. The drop in relative survival between 6 and 10 years was more pronounced in participants with a history of squamous cell carcinoma [from 94.5% (95% CI 91.2–97.8%) to 70.8% (95% CI 64.0–77.6%)] than in those with adenocarcinoma [from 96.9% (95% CI 94.8–99.0%) to 91.5% (95% CI 86.6–96.3%)], and in men [from 96.0% (95% CI 93.8–98.1%) to 81.8% (95% CI 76.8–86.8%)] than in women [from 96.4% (95% CI 93.4–99.5%) to 88.1% (95% CI 81.5–94.8%)]. No major differences were found between age groups. In conclusion, esophageal cancer survivors had a decline in survival between 6 and 10 years after surgery compared with the corresponding general population, particularly those with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and male sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Lundberg
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lagergren
- Surgical Care Science, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Fredrik Mattsson
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Kalff MC, Wagner AD, Verhoeven RHA, Lemmens VEPP, van Laarhoven HWM, Gisbertz SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Sex differences in tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of gastric and esophageal cancer surgery: nationwide cohort data from the Dutch Upper GI Cancer Audit. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:22-32. [PMID: 34365540 PMCID: PMC8732809 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and postoperative outcomes of gastric and esophageal cancer are largely undefined. This study aimed to compare tumor and treatment characteristics and outcomes of gastric and esophageal cancer surgery between male and female patients. METHODS Patients after elective surgery for primary esophageal (EAC) or gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) registered in the Dutch Upper GI Cancer Audit between 2011 and 2016 were included. The primary endpoint, 5-year relative survival with relative excess risk (RER), i.e., adjusted for the normal life expectancy, was compared between male and female patients with EAC and GAC. RESULTS In total, 4937 patients were included (75% male) with a mean age of 66 years. cT and cN-stages showed a similar distribution in male and female patients. In females, antrum GAC was more frequent (47% vs. 38%, p < 0.001). Female patients with EAC less frequently received neo-adjuvant treatment (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.96, p = 0.033). For GAC, less postoperative morbidity (33% vs. 38% p = 0.017) and less re-interventions (12% vs. 16%, p = 0.008) were observed in females, although they had inferior 5-year relative survival (49% vs. 56%, RER = 1.31, 95% CI 1.09-1.58, p = 0.004). No differences in relative survival of EAC were observed. CONCLUSIONS In addition to significant sex differences in tumor location, female patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma less frequently received neo-adjuvant therapy, and female patients with gastric adenocarcinoma had inferior relative survival. Further consideration and exploration of sex differences in surgical treatment and outcomes are necessary to improve tailored treatment and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C. Kalff
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna D. Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rob H. A. Verhoeven
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands ,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valery E. P. P. Lemmens
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands ,Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne S. Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zhang J, Bellocco R, Ye W, Johansson J, Nilsson M, Lindblad M. OUP accepted manuscript. BJS Open 2022; 6:6594074. [PMID: 35639945 PMCID: PMC9154327 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests a survival benefit after curative oesophageal cancer surgery in women compared with men. The aim of this study was to explore sex disparities in survival after surgery with curative intent in patients with oesophageal cancer. Methods This was a population-based cohort study, including all patients with oesophageal or gastric cancer who underwent surgery with a curative intent between 2006 and 2017 in Sweden. Female versus male mortality rate ratio (MRR) and excess mortality rate ratio (EMRR) were used as measures of survival. Two different parametric models were designed to account for potential confounders. Patients with gastric cancer were used as a comparison group as no differences in survival between sexes were expected among these patients. Results A total of 1301 patients underwent resection for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and 305 patients for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Women had a lower EMRR (0.76, 95 per cent c.i. 0.58 to 1.01, P = 0.056; 0.52, 95 per cent c.i. 0.32 to 0.84, P = 0.007 respectively) in both histological subtypes. The effect was more profound in early clinical stages, in patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment, and without postoperative complications. No sex-related difference was observed in survival of patients with gastric cancer. Conclusions Women undergoing resection for oesophageal carcinoma have better survival compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence to: Ji Zhang, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE171 77, Stockholm, Sweden (e-mail: )
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindblad
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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OUP accepted manuscript. Br J Surg 2022; 109:746-753. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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12
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Onozato Y, Sasaki Y, Abe Y, Sato H, Yagi M, Mizumoto N, Kon T, Sakai T, Ito M, Umehara M, Koseki A, Ueno Y. Novel genomic alteration in superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms in non-smoker non-drinker females. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20150. [PMID: 34635759 PMCID: PMC8505482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and smoking pose a significant risk for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) development in males; however, ESCN is often diagnosed in non-drinking and non-smoking females. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain elusive, and understanding them can potentially identify novel pathways involved in ESCN development. We performed short-read sequencing to identify somatic variants on a cancer panel targeting 409 genes using DNA extracted from the superficial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium (NE), and immunohistochemical staining of the protein encoded by the target gene. All male patients (n = 117) were drinkers or smokers, whereas 45% of the female patients (n = 33) were not. Somatic variants were compared among three age-matched groups: 13 female ESCC patients with smoking and drinking habits (known-risk group, F-KR), 13 female ESCC patients without these habits (unknown-risk group, F-UR), and 27 males with ESCC and smoking and drinking habits (M-KR). In the NE, the frequencies of CDKN2A variants were significantly higher in F-UR than in F-KR and M-KR. In both ESCC and NE, p14ARF was significantly overexpressed in F-UR than in the other groups. In conclusion, CDKN2A might be important in ESCC development, independent of known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Onozato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Abe
- Division of Endoscopy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yagi
- Division of Endoscopy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Naoko Mizumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takashi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Matsuki Umehara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ayumi Koseki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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Baiu I, Titan AL, Martin LW, Wolf A, Backhus L. The role of gender in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3816-3826. [PMID: 34277072 PMCID: PMC8264700 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of gender in the development, treatment and prognosis of thoracic malignancies has been underappreciated and understudied. While most research has been grounded in tobacco-related malignancies, the incidence of non-smoking related lung cancer is on the rise and disproportionately affecting women. Recent research studies have unveiled critical differences between men and women with regard to risk factors, timeliness of diagnosis, incongruent screening practices, molecular and genetic mechanisms, as well as response to treatment and survival. These studies also highlight the increasingly recognized need for targeted therapies that account for variations in the response and complications as a function of gender. Similarly, screening recommendations continue to evolve as the role of gender is starting to be ellucidated. As women have been underrepresented in clinical trials until recently, the data regarding optimal care and outcomes is still lagging behind. Understanding the underlying similarities and differences between men and women is paramount to providing adequate care and prognostication to patients of either gender. This review provides an overview of the critical role that gender plays in the care of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies, with an emphasis on the need for increased awareness and further research to continue elucidating these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Baiu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashley L Titan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Linda W Martin
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leah Backhus
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Guo Q, Peng Y, Yang H, Guo J. Prognostic Nomogram for Postoperative Patients With Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer of No Distant Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643261. [PMID: 33937047 PMCID: PMC8085428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) was one of the most common malignant tumors. However, the value of clinicopathological features in predicting the prognosis of postoperative patients with GEJ cancer and without distant metastasis was still unclear. Methods The 3425 GEJ patients diagnosed and underwent surgical resection without distant metastasis in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015 were enrolled,and they were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts with 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine the predictive factors that constituted the nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminability of Nomogram were determined by the area under the curve (AUC), C index, and calibration curve, and the influence of various factors on prognosis was explored. Results 2,400 patients were designed as training cohort and 1025 patients were designed as validation cohort. The percentages of the distribution of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics in the training and validation cohorts tended to be the same. In the training cohort, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the age, tumor grade, T stage and N stage were independent prognostic risk factors for patients with GEJ cancer without distant metastasis. The C index of nomogram model was 0.667. The AUC of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 0.704 and 0.71, respectively. The calibration curve of 3- and 5-year OS after operation showed that there was the best consistency between nomogram prediction and actual observation. In the validation cohort, the C index of nomogram model, the AUC of 3- and 5-year OS, and the calibration curve were similar to the training cohort. Conclusions Nomogram could evaluate the prognosis of patients with GEJ cancer who underwent surgical resection without distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - YuanYuan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xinchang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - JiaLong Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve understanding of sex differences in clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and outcomes between male and female patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Esophageal cancer is a male predominant disease, and sex has not been considered in previous studies as an important factor in diagnosis or management. Sex differences in demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and postoperative outcomes remain largely undefined. METHODS Retrospective review of 1958 patients (21% female) with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy at a single institution between 1995 and 2017. RESULTS Most patients had adenocarcinoma (83%); however, the rate of squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher in females (35% vs 11%, respectively; P < .0001). Females had a lower rate of smoking (62 vs 73%) and heavy alcohol use (12 vs 19%) but a higher rate of previous mediastinal radiation (8.4 vs 1.8%) (P < 0.001). Postoperative mortality and overall survival (OS) were similar between sexes. However, subanalysis of patients with locoregional disease (clinical stage II/III) demonstrated that females received neoadjuvant therapy less frequently than males and had worse OS (median OS 2.56 yrs vs 2.08; P = 0.034). This difference remained significant on adjusted analysis (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46). CONCLUSIONS Female patients had higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma despite lower prevalence of behavioral risk factors. Among patients with locoregional disease, undertreatment in females may reflect treatment bias and history of previous mediastinal radiation. Esophageal cancer in females should be considered a unique entity as compared with the presentation and treatment of males.
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Abstract
Sex is a key biological factor affecting the development of many cancer types. There are considerable differences between male and female subpopulations in terms of cancer incidence, prognosis and mortality. Recent studies have extensively characterized the sex-biased molecular changes in cancer patients. Further efforts should be made to develop sex-specific cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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17
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Luo HS, Xu HY, Du ZS, Li XY, Wu SX, Huang HC, Lin LX. Impact of sex on the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer underwent definitive radiotherapy: a propensity score-matched analysis. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:74. [PMID: 31046792 PMCID: PMC6498616 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of sex on prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) who underwent definitive radiotherapy remained unclear. The present study aimed to determine the impact of sex on the prognosis of patients with ESCC underwent definitive radiotherapy. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2015, patients with ESCC underwent definitive radiotherapy in Shantou Central Hospital were included in this study. The Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The PFS and OS were compared between female and male patients. The Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors. Propensity score-matched analysis was performed to balance baseline characteristics between female and male patients. Results A total of 683 ESCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy were included, with 497 male and 186 female patients. In the whole cohort, female patients had a significantly longer median PFS (14.0 months vs 10.6 months, P = 0.0001, HR = 0.688, 95% CI, 0.567–0.836) and OS (20.8 months vs 15.9 months, P = 0.0005, HR = 0.702, 95% CI, 0.575–0.857). In the matched cohort, female patients still had a significantly longer median PFS (13.5 months vs 11.6 months) and OS (19.6 months vs 16.1 months). Multivariate analysis showed that sex was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR = 0.746, 95% CI, 0.611–0.910, P = 0.004) and OS (HR = 0.755, 95% CI, 0.615–0.926, P = 0.007). Conclusions This present study indicated that sex was an independent prognostic factor in Chinese patients with ESCC underwent definitive radiotherapy, with better survival outcome for women than men. Efforts should be made to investigate the underlying biological mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13014-019-1278-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-San Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong-Yao Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Sen Du
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Yuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - He-Cheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Xing Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Shichinohe T, Uemura S, Hirano S, Hosokawa M. Impact of Preoperative Skeletal Muscle Mass and Nutritional Status on Short-and Long-Term Outcomes After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study : Impact of Psoas Muscle Mass and Body Mass on Esophagectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1301-1310. [PMID: 30725311 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative muscle volume and body mass index (BMI) are associated with postoperative outcomes. Because esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (EC) is associated with high morbidity and because EC has a poor prognosis, this study investigated the association of preoperative skeletal muscle mass and nutritional status with postoperative outcomes. METHODS The study analyzed 483 patients who underwent esophagectomy from 2009 to 2012. The cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle index (PMI) was measured at the third lumbar vertebral level using computed tomography. Clavien-Dindo classifications were used to analyze postoperative complications. Because skeletal muscle mass varies according to sex, all analyses were performed accordingly (390 males, 93 females). RESULTS For male patients, BMI was a significant multivariate factor, and PMI, a univariate factor, predicted postoperative complications and overall survival (OS). Using a preoperative nutritional and muscular (PNM) score derived from BMI and PMI results (patients were allocated 1 point if their BMI was < 18.5 kg/m2 and 1 point if their PMI was < 600 mm2/m2, for a possible maximum total of 2 points), male patients were categorized as high risk (score 2), moderate risk (score 1), or low risk (score 0). In the low-risk group, anastomotic leakage was significantly less (p = 0.01), and the 3-year OS was significantly better (p < 0.01). On the other hand, in female patients, neither BMI nor PMI was a significant factor for postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS For male patients, the PNM score is a promising tool for predicting postoperative outcomes and identifying patients requiring preoperative nutritional intervention and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. .,Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Shion Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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McMenamin ÚC, Trainor J, Coleman HG, McManus DT, McQuaid S, Bingham V, James J, Salto-Tellez M, Johnston BT, Turkington RC. Sex hormone receptor expression and survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35300-35312. [PMID: 30450159 PMCID: PMC6219676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A striking epidemiological feature of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is its strong, unexplained male predominance but few studies have evaluated the prevalence of sex hormone receptor expression in EAC. RESULTS A low proportion of EAC tumors stained positive for ERα (4%) and AR (3%) while approximately one third stained positive for ERβ (31%). After a mean follow-up of 3 years (max 9 years), no significant associations were seen for ERα, ERβ or AR expression and EAC recurrence or survival. A non-significant reduction in mortality was observed for positive ERβ tumor expression, when restricting to patients with gastro-esophageal junctional (GEJ) cancer (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.33, 1.03, p = 0.06). MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified all EAC patients who underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgical resection between 2004-2012 in the Northern Ireland Cancer Centre. Immunohistochemical expression of ERα, ERβ and AR was scored on triplicate cores to generate H-scores. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between sex hormone receptor expression and overall, cancer-specific and recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION We found little evidence of ERα or AR expression in EAC. A moderate proportion expressed ERβ and there was suggestive evidence that its expression was associated with improved survival in GEJ cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úna C McMenamin
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James Trainor
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Damian T McManus
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jacqueline James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brian T Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard C Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Yamashita K, Miyata H, Makino T, Masuike Y, Furukawa H, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Morii E, Mori M, Doki Y. High Expression of the Mitophagy-Related Protein Pink1 is Associated with a Poor Response to Chemotherapy and a Poor Prognosis for Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:4025-4032. [PMID: 29022200 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays a major role in cellular homeostasis and is implicated in cancer progression. Damaged mitochondria are scavenged and eliminated by mitochondrial autophagy, referred to as mitophagy, which can promote cancer cell survival. This study investigated the expression and effects of the autophagy-related protein LC3 and the mitophagy-related protein Pink1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Both LC3 and Pink1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissues from 217 ESCC patients, including 159 patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The relationships between LC3 and Pink1 expression and various clinicopathologic factors were determined. In vitro assays were performed to assess the role of LC3 and Pink1 in ESCC chemoresistance. RESULTS High LC3 expression was observed in 47.9% and high Pink1 expression in 48.4% of the ESCC patients. Pink1 expression was significantly higher in patients who underwent chemotherapy than in patients who did not (p = 0.032). High LC3 and Pink1 expression was significantly correlated with poor response to chemotherapy (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), and high expression of Pink1, but not LC3, was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis for patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified Pink1 expression as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.042). In vitro assays demonstrated that LC3-II and Pink1 expression increased after chemotherapeutic treatment in the ESCC cell line, and inhibition of autophagy and mitophagy using chloroquine and siPink1, respectively, restored chemosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS High expression of Pink1 is associated with chemoresistance and a poor prognosis for ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Clinicopathological Features of Cervical Esophageal Cancer: Retrospective Analysis of 63 Consecutive Patients Who Underwent Surgical Resection. Ann Surg 2017; 265:130-136. [PMID: 28009737 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this retrospective study were to elucidate the clinicopathological features and recent surgical results of cervical esophageal cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Cervical esophageal cancer has been reported to have a dismal prognosis. Accurate knowledge of the clinical characteristics of cervical esophageal cancer is warranted to establish appropriate therapeutic strategies. METHODS The clinicopathological features and treatment results of 63 consecutive patients with cervical esophageal cancer (Ce group) who underwent surgical resection from 1980 to 2013 were analyzed and compared with 977 patients with thoracic or abdominal esophageal cancer (T/A group) who underwent surgical resection during that time. RESULTS Among the patients who received curative resection, the 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates of the Ce patients were significantly better than those of the T/A patients (overall: 77.3% vs 46.5%, respectively, P = 0.0067; disease-specific: 81.9% vs 55.8%, respectively, P = 0.0135). Although total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy procedures were less frequently performed in the recent period, the rate of curative surgical procedures was markedly higher in the recent period (2000-1013) than that in the early period (1980-1999) (44.4% vs 88.9%, P = 0.0001). The 5-year overall survival rate in the recent period (71.5%) was significantly better than that in the early period (40.7%, P = 0.0342). CONCLUSIONS Curative resection for cervical esophageal cancer contributes to favorable outcomes compared with other esophageal cancers. Recent surgical results for cervical esophageal cancer have improved, and include an increased rate of curative resection and decreased rate of extensive surgery.
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Nakamura K, Yoshida N, Baba Y, Kosumi K, Uchihara T, Kiyozumi Y, Ohuchi M, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Sakamoto Y, Watanabe M, Baba H. Elevated preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio predicts poor prognosis after esophagectomy in T1 esophageal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:469-475. [PMID: 28097441 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to predict the prognosis of various malignant tumors, including esophageal cancer. However, no previous reports have supported the use of the preoperative NLR as an independent prognostic marker focused on superficial (T1) esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic impact of the preoperative NLR in T1 esophageal cancer. METHODS This retrospective study recruited 245 consecutive patients with T1 esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy between 2005 and 2016. The relationship between the preoperative NLR and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS The preoperative NLR was significantly higher in male patients (p = 0.029), patients with T1b esophageal cancer (p = 0.0274), and patients with venous vessel invasion (p = 0.0082). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the elevated preoperative NLR was significantly associated with a poorer disease-free survival (p < 0.0001) and overall survival (p = 0.0004). In the multivariate Cox model, the elevated preoperative NLR was an independent prognostic marker for both disease-free survival (p = 0.0013) and overall survival (p = 0.0027). CONCLUSION An elevated preoperative NLR predicts poor prognosis in T1 esophageal cancer, suggesting the utility of the NLR as an easily measurable and generally available independent prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Uchihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ohuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Hu D, Peng F, Lin X, Chen G, Liang B, Li C, Zhang H, Liao X, Lin J, Zheng X, Niu W. The elevated preoperative fasting blood glucose predicts a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: The Fujian prospective investigation of cancer (FIESTA) study. Oncotarget 2016; 7:65247-65256. [PMID: 27533454 PMCID: PMC5323152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes as a latent risk factor for cancer has been extensively investigated, while its postoperative prognosis for esophageal cancer is rarely reported. We therefore sought to assess whether the elevated fasting blood glucose before surgery was associated with poor survival in esophageal cancer patients by eliciting a subset of data from the ongoing Fujian prospective investigation of cancer (FIESTA) study. Over 15-year follow-up, 2535 patients receiving three-field lymphadenectomy were assessable. Only patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (n=2396) were analyzed due to the lower prevalence of the other histological types. In ESCC patients, the follow-up duration ranged from 0.5 to 180 months (median 38.2 months). The median survival time (MST) was remarkably shorter in males than in females (80.7 vs. 180+ months, Log-rank test: P<0.001). In males, the survival was worse in patients with diabetes than those without (MST: 27.9 vs. 111.1 months, Log-rank test: P<0.001). In females, the survivor was improved in patients with diabetes (MST: 71.5 months), but was still worse than patients without diabetes (MST: 180+ months, Log-rank test: P<0.001). The overall multivariate hazard ratio for per unit increment in fasting blood glucose was 1.11 (95% confidence interval or CI: 1.09-1.14, P<0.001) and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03-1.13, P=0.002) in males and females, respectively. Further survival tree analysis consolidated the discrimination ability of fasting blood glucose for the survival of ESCC patients. Taken together, our findings convincingly demonstrated that the elevated preoperative fasting blood glucose can predict poor survival of ESCC patients, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Binying Liang
- Medical-Record Department, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuehong Liao
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxiu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiongwei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fukuda S, Miyata H, Miyazaki Y, Makino T, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Mori M, Doki Y. Pyruvate Kinase M2 Modulates Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Chemotherapy Response by Regulating the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S1461-8. [PMID: 25808097 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key glycolytic enzyme that regulates the Warburg effect and is necessary for tumor growth. However, its role in chemoresistance has not been fully elucidated. METHODS PKM2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 205 tissue samples from thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who had undergone curative surgery (100 patients with surgery alone and 105 patients with preoperative chemotherapy). The relationship between PKM2 expression and clinicopathological factors, including chemotherapy response was examined. In vitro assays were performed to determine the mechanism of PKM2-related chemoresistance, using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS PKM2 expression significantly correlated with tumor cell differentiation, tumor depth, and tumor stage. Strong PKM2 expression significantly correlated with decreased survival rates and poor response to chemotherapy. In vitro assays showed that PKM2 inhibition significantly decreased cisplatin resistance and increased apoptosis. In siPKM2-transfected cells, pyruvate kinase activity paradoxically increased, followed by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The ratio of NADPH/NADP, which is an indicator of glucose influx into pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), significantly decreased in siPKM2-transfected cells upon cisplatin treatment compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 expression is associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma chemoresistance. PKM2 inhibition can restore cisplatin sensitivity by inactivating PPP.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glycolysis/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Thyroid Hormones/genetics
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Kosumi K, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Harada K, Nakamura K, Ohuchi M, Kiyozumi Y, Izumi D, Tokunaga R, Taki K, Higashi T, Miyata T, Kurashige J, Hiyoshi Y, Iwagami S, Sakamoto Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio predicts the prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Surg Today 2015; 46:405-13. [PMID: 26036223 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As cancer advances, changes in the systemic inflammatory response alter the relative levels of circulating white blood cell types and may contribute to the progression and outcomes of cancer. The aim of the current study is to clarify the impact of the preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the prognosis and whether clinical and pathological features modify the influence of the NLR on the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the mortality hazard ratios (HRs), including the preoperative NLR, obtained from data for 283 ESCC patients undergoing resection in the period from 2005 to 2011, adjusting for clinical and pathological features. RESULTS A high NLR was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival (p = 0.0018) and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.0097). In the multivariate Cox model, we confirmed that the NLR was an independent prognostic marker for both overall survival (p = 0.0081) and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.028). The outcomes were not significantly modified by other diagnostic factors, including the tumor stage, in the survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative NLR is significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC, suggesting the utility of NLR as a cost-effective and broadly available independent prognostic marker of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ohuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daisuke Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuma Tokunaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Taki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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26
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Yoshida N, Baba Y, Watanabe M, Ida S, Ishimoto T, Karashima R, Iwagami S, Imamura Y, Sakamoto Y, Miyamoto Y, Baba H. Original scoring system for predicting postoperative morbidity after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Today 2014; 45:346-54. [PMID: 24997754 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-014-0958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative morbidity remains common after esophagectomy. There are currently few tools that can be used to estimate the incidence of complications. This study aimed to create a novel scoring system for predicting postoperative morbidity. METHODS A total of 365 patients who underwent elective esophagectomy with two- or three-field lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into development (n = 250) and validation datasets (n = 115). A scoring system was established by specifying the expected morbidity incidence values for all independent predictors in the development dataset, after which, the reproducibility was confirmed in the validation dataset. RESULTS The incidence of any morbidity was 44.7 %. Male sex, severe emaciation (body mass index <18), a lower performance status (grade 1 or 2), operation ≥540 min and massive bleeding (blood loss/body weight ≥20) were independent predictors of postoperative morbidity. The total of all predictive scores was calculated. The incidence of any morbidity and of severe morbidity (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥IIIb) significantly correlated with the score after dividing the scores into three groups (≤8, 10 and 11 and ≥13). This finding was also confirmed in the validation dataset. CONCLUSION The current scoring system is considered to be useful for predicting postoperative morbidity after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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