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Imoto W, Imai T, Kawai R, Ihara Y, Nonomiya Y, Namikawa H, Yamada K, Yoshida H, Kaneko Y, Shintani A, Kakeya H. Incidence and potential risk factors of human cytomegalovirus infection in patients with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00171-5. [PMID: 38944381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection occurs in immunosuppressed individuals and is known to increase mortality. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often treated with steroids, require intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, and may therefore be at risk for HCMV infection. However, which factors predispose severely ill patients with COVID-19 to HCMV infection and the prognostic value of such infections remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the incidence and potential risk factors of HCMV infection in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 and evaluate the relationship between HCMV infection and mortality. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used administrative claims data from advanced treatment hospitals in Japan to identify and analyze patients with severe or critical COVID-19. We explored potential risk factors for HCMV infection using multivariable regression models and its contribution to mortality in patients with COVID-19. Overall, 33,151 patients who progressed to severe or critical COVID-19 illness were identified. The incidence of HCMV infection was 0.3-1.7 % depending on the definition of HCMV infection. Steroids, immunosuppressants, ICU admission, and blood transfusion were strongly associated with HCMV infection. Furthermore, HCMV infection was associated with patient mortality independent of the observed risk factors for death. CONCLUSIONS HCMV infection is a notable complication in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 who are admitted to the ICU or receive steroids, immunosuppressants, and blood transfusion and can significantly increase mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waki Imoto
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences (RCIDS), Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Osaka International Research for Infectious Diseases (OIRCID), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2-7-601, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan.
| | - Takumi Imai
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kawai
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Ihara
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nonomiya
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Namikawa
- Department of Medical Education and General Practice, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences (RCIDS), Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Osaka International Research for Infectious Diseases (OIRCID), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2-7-601, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan.
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Kaneko
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences (RCIDS), Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Osaka International Research for Infectious Diseases (OIRCID), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2-7-601, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan; Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences (RCIDS), Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Osaka International Research for Infectious Diseases (OIRCID), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2-7-601, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan.
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2
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Ikebe T, Okuno R, Uchitani Y, Yamaguchi T, Isobe J, Maenishi E, Date Y, Otsuka H, Kazawa Y, Fujita S, Kobayashi A, Takano M, Tsukamoto S, Kanda Y, Ohnishi M, Akeda Y. Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106954. [PMID: 38382822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) strains. In Japan, the number of STSS cases has decreased; however, the underlying reason remains unclear. Moreover, information on distribution and prevalence of specific emm types in STSS cases is scarce. Hence, we investigated the reason for the decreased number of STSS cases in Japan. METHODS We genotyped emm of 526 GAS isolates obtained from 526 patients with STSS between 2019 and 2022. The distributions of emm types in each year were compared. RESULTS The emm1 type was predominant, with the highest proportion in 2019, which decreased after 2020 following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Strains isolated during the pandemic correlated with strains associated with skin infection, whereas those isolated during the prepandemic period correlated with strains associated with both throat and skin infections. The decrease in the annual number of STSS cases during the COVID-19 pandemic could be due to a decreased proportion of strains associated with pharyngeal infections. CONCLUSIONS Potential associations between pandemic and STSS numbers with respect to public health measures, such as wearing masks and changes in healthcare-seeking behavior, may have affected the number of GAS-induced infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Ikebe
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rumi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Uchitani
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Isobe
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Emi Maenishi
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Date
- Division of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Otsuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yu Kazawa
- Division of Microbiology, Fukushima Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Division of Microbiology, Fukushima Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kobayashi
- Division of Microbiology, Fukushima Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mami Takano
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kanda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Akagi T, Endo H, Inomata M, Shiroshita H, Yamaguchi S, Eguchi S, Wada N, Kurokawa Y, Seki Y, Sakai Y, Yamamoto H, Kakeji Y, Kitagawa Y, Taketomi A, Mori M. Investigation of the impact of COVID-19 on postoperative outcomes using a nationwide Japanese database of patients undergoing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and low anterior resection for gastric cancer and rectal cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2024; 8:521-529. [PMID: 38707231 PMCID: PMC11066483 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 outbreak made conventional medical care impossible, forcing changes in both healthcare providers and patients. In Japan, COVID-19 infection began spreading in earnest in 2020 and exploded in 2021. There was concern that the medical impact of COVID-19 in 2021 would differ from that in 2020. We aimed to clarify the impact of COVID-19 on mortality and anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer and rectal cancer in Japan using the National Clinical Database (NCD). Methods We collected data from patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) and laparoscopic low anterior resection (LLAR) from January 2018 to December 2021 from the NCD, a web-based surgical registration system in Japan. The number of surgical cases, monthly incidence of mortality and morbidity (anastomotic leakage), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and standardized morbidity-leakage ratio (SMLR [ratio of observed patients to expected patients calculated using the risk calculator established in the NCD]) were evaluated. Results The numbers of LDG and LLAR cases continued to decline in the first year of the pandemic in 2020 and were as low in 2021 as in 2020. Although the numbers of robot-assisted LDG and LLAR cases increased, the growth rate was lower than the rate of increase prior to the pandemic. Mortality and anastomotic leakage, two of the most important complications, as assessed by SMR and SMLR, did not worsen during the pandemic in comparison to the pre-pandemic period. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgeries were performed safely in Japan and were not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Akagi
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric SurgeryOita University Faculty of MedicineOitaJapan
| | - Hideki Endo
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric SurgeryOita University Faculty of MedicineOitaJapan
| | - Hidefumi Shiroshita
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric SurgeryOita University Faculty of MedicineOitaJapan
| | - Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal SurgeryTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Norihito Wada
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryShonan Keiiku HospitalKanagawaJapan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yosuke Seki
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery CenterYotsuya Medical CubeTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Academic committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Japanese Red Cross Osaka HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineHyogoJapan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineHokkaidoJapan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Presidentthe Japan Surgical SocietyTokyoJapan
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4
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Yokoyama A, Suzuki H, Kataoka H, Mori Y, Watanabe Y, Miyatake N. Comparison of Impressions of COVID-19 Vaccinations Stratified by the Number of Vaccinations Among Japanese Healthcare Professional University Students. Cureus 2024; 16:e55861. [PMID: 38595872 PMCID: PMC11003561 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus infectious disease, that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major public health issue not only in Japan, but also worldwide, and the implementation of a proper vaccination strategy has been important. To promote vaccination, the present study compared impressions of COVID-19 vaccinations stratified by the number of vaccinations among healthcare professional university students in Okayama, Japan, and suggests better vaccination strategies. METHOD A total of 212 Japanese healthcare professional university students were enrolled in this clinical qualitative study using the text mining method. A self-reported questionnaire, including questions such as "What do you think about COVID-19 vaccinations?" was performed. We also examined the number of vaccinations, sex, history of COVID-19 infection, and daily mask use. RESULTS A total of 5,935 words were obtained and "Think" (169 times) was the most frequently used followed by "Inject" (108 times), "Inoculation" (97 times), "Vaccine" (83 times), "Corona" (66 times) and "Side effects" (49 times). Characteristic words were "Safety" in non-vaccinated subjects and "Side effects" and "Necessary" in vaccinated subjects. In addition, "Safety" in non-vaccinated men and "Frightening" in non-vaccinated women were characteristic and fundamental features. CONCLUSION Impressions of COVID-19 vaccinations stratified by the number of vaccinations differed among healthcare professional university students. The provision of appropriate information on safety to non-vaccinated subjects and side effects to vaccinated subjects appears to be necessary. In addition, sex-specific information may be required for non-vaccinated subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Hygiene, Kagawa University, Miki, JPN
- Department of Physical Therapy, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama, JPN
| | | | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama, JPN
| | - Yoshiro Mori
- Department of Hygiene, Kagawa University, Miki, JPN
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Sakaide City Hospital, Sakaide, JPN
| | - Yuji Watanabe
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama, JPN
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5
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Latosińska M, Latosińska JN. Favipiravir Analogues as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Combined Quantum Chemical Modeling, Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship, and Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2024; 29:441. [PMID: 38257352 PMCID: PMC10818557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study was motivated by the urgent need to develop or improve antivirals for effective therapy targeting RNA viruses. We hypothesized that analogues of favipiravir (FVP), an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), could provide more effective nucleic acid recognition and binding processes while reducing side effects such as cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and embryotoxicity. We proposed a set of FVP analogues together with their forms of triphosphate as new SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors. The main aim of our study was to investigate changes in the mechanism and binding capacity resulting from these modifications. Using three different approaches, QTAIM, QSPR, and MD, the differences in the reactivity, toxicity, binding efficiency, and ability to be incorporated by RdRp were assessed. Two new quantum chemical reactivity descriptors, the relative electro-donating and electro-accepting power, were defined and successfully applied. Moreover, a new quantitative method for comparing binding modes was developed based on mathematical metrics and an atypical radar plot. These methods provide deep insight into the set of desirable properties responsible for inhibiting RdRp, allowing ligands to be conveniently screened. The proposed modification of the FVP structure seems to improve its binding ability and enhance the productive mode of binding. In particular, two of the FVP analogues (the trifluoro- and cyano-) bind very strongly to the RNA template, RNA primer, cofactors, and RdRp, and thus may constitute a very good alternative to FVP.
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Mori Y, Miyatake N, Suzuki H, Mori Y, Okada S, Tanimoto K. Comparison of Impressions of COVID-19 Vaccination and Influenza Vaccination in Japan by Analyzing Social Media Using Text Mining. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1327. [PMID: 37631895 PMCID: PMC10458112 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare impressions of COVID-19 vaccination and influenza vaccination in Japan by analyzing social media (Twitter®) using a text-mining method. We obtained 10,000 tweets using the keywords "corona vaccine" and "influenza vaccine" on 15 December 2022 and 19 February 2023. We then counted the number of times the words were used and listed frequency of these words by a text-mining method called KH Coder. We also investigated concepts in the data using groups of words that often appeared together or groups of documents that contained the same words using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS). "Death" in relation to corona vaccine and "severe disease" for influenza vaccine were frequently used on 15 December 2022. The number of times the word "death" was used decreased, "after effect" was newly recognized for corona vaccine, and "severe disease" was not used in relation to influenza vaccine. Through this comprehensive analysis of social media data, we observed distinct variations in public perceptions of corona vaccination and influenza vaccination in Japan. These findings provide valuable insights for public health authorities and policymakers to better understand public sentiment and tailor their communication strategies accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Mori
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (N.M.); (H.S.)
- Sakaide City Hospital, Sakaide 762-8550, Japan; (S.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Nobuyuki Miyatake
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (N.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (N.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Yuka Mori
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Setsuo Okada
- Sakaide City Hospital, Sakaide 762-8550, Japan; (S.O.); (K.T.)
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7
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Shiroshita H, Endo H, Inomata M, Akagi T, Yamamoto H, Yamaguchi S, Eguchi S, Wada N, Kurokawa Y, Seki Y, Sakai Y, Miyata H, Kakeji Y, Kitagawa Y, Taketomi A, Mori M. The clinical impact of COVID-19 on endoscopic surgery in Japan: Analysis of data from the National Clinical Database. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2023; 7:572-582. [PMID: 37416738 PMCID: PMC10319603 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on elective endoscopic surgeries in Japan using the National Clinical Database. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological factors and surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG), and laparoscopic low anterior resection (LLAR) and compared the monthly numbers of each procedure performed in 2020 with those in 2018 and 2019. The degree of infection in prefectures was classified into low and high groups. Results In 2020, the number of LCs (except for acute cholecystitis) was 76 079 (93.0% of that in 2019), the number of LDGs was 14 271 (85.9% of that in 2019), and the number of LLARs was 19 570 (88.1% of that in 2019). Although the number of robot-assisted LDG and LLAR cases increased in 2020, the growth rate was mild compared with that in 2019. There was little difference in the number of cases in the degree of infection in the prefectures. The numbers of LC, LDG, and LLAR cases decreased from May to June and recovered gradually. In late 2020, the proportion of T4 and N2 cases of gastric cancer and the number of T4 cases of rectal cancer increased compared with those in 2019. There was little difference between the proportions of postoperative complications and mortality in the three procedures between 2019 and 2020. Conclusion The number of endoscopic surgeries decreased in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the procedures were performed safely in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Shiroshita
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric SurgeryOita University Faculty of MedicineOitaJapan
| | - Hideki Endo
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric SurgeryOita University Faculty of MedicineOitaJapan
| | - Tomonori Akagi
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric SurgeryOita University Faculty of MedicineOitaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of SurgeryTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Norihito Wada
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryShonan Keiiku HospitalFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yosuke Seki
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery CenterYotsuya Medical CubeTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Academic Committee of Japan Society for Endoscopic SurgeryTokyoJapan
- Japanese Red Cross Osaka HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Miyata
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoHokkaidoJapan
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8
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Borulu F, Erkut B, Unlu Y. SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated thoraco-abdomino-iliac thrombosis in a patient without cardiac and systemic co-morbidity. Cardiovasc J Afr 2023; 34:114-116. [PMID: 37382525 PMCID: PMC10512036 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2022-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary damage and vascular coagulopathy occur frequently in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in relation to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The inflammatory process accompanying the infection and excessive coagulation state is one of the most important causes of patient death. The COVID-19 pandemic remains a major challenge for healthcare systems and millions of patients worldwide. In this report, we present a complicated case of COVID-19 associated with lung disease and aortic thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Borulu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bilgehan Erkut
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Yahya Unlu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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9
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Latosińska JN, Latosińska M, Seliger J, Žagar V, Apih T, Grieb P. Elucidating the Role of Noncovalent Interactions in Favipiravir, a Drug Active against Various Human RNA Viruses; a 1H- 14N NQDR/Periodic DFT/QTAIM/RDS/3D Hirshfeld Surfaces Combined Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083308. [PMID: 37110542 PMCID: PMC10147075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Favipiravir (6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide, FPV), an active pharmaceutical component of the drug discovered and registered in March 2014 in Japan under the name Avigan, with an indication for pandemic influenza, has been studied. The study of this compound was prompted by the idea that effective processes of recognition and binding of FPV to the nucleic acid are affected predominantly by the propensity to form intra- and intermolecular interactions. Three nuclear quadrupole resonance experimental techniques, namely 1H-14N cross-relaxation, multiple frequency sweeps, and two-frequency irradiation, followed by solid-state computational modelling (density functional theory supplemented by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, 3D Hirshfeld Surfaces, and reduced density gradient) approaches were applied. The complete NQR spectrum consisting of nine lines indicating the presence of three chemically inequivalent nitrogen sites in the FPV molecule was detected, and the assignment of lines to particular sites was performed. The description of the nearest vicinity of all three nitrogen atoms was used to characterize the nature of the intermolecular interactions from the perspective of the local single atoms and to draw some conclusions on the nature of the interactions required for effective recognition and binding. The propensity to form the electrostatic N-H···O, N-H···N, and C-H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds competitive with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, strong O-H···O and very weak N-H···N, closing the 5-member ring and stiffening the structure, as well as π···π and F···F dispersive interactions, were analysed in detail. The hypothesis regarding the similarity of the interaction pattern in the solid and the RNA template was verified. It was discovered that the -NH2 group in the crystal participates in intermolecular hydrogen bonds N-H···N and N-H···O, in the precatalytic state only in N-H···O, while in the active state in N-H···N and N-H···O hydrogen bonds, which is of importance to link FVP to the RNA template. Our study elucidates the binding modes of FVP (in crystal, precatalytic, and active forms) in detail and should guide the design of more potent analogues targeting SARS-CoV-2. Strong direct binding of FVP-RTP to both the active site and cofactor discovered by us suggests a possible alternative, allosteric mechanism of FVP action, which may explain the scattering of the results of clinical trials or the synergistic effect observed in combined treatment against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Latosińska
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Janez Seliger
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veselko Žagar
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Apih
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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Homma C, Hasegawa J, Nishimura Y, Furuya N, Nakamura M, Suzuki N. Declaration of emergency state due to COVID-19 spread in Japan reduced maternal transports without reduction in preterm delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 161:854-860. [PMID: 36932905 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To clarify whether the declaration of an emergency state due to the spread of COVID-19 in Japan affected the number of maternal transports and premature births. METHODS A questionnaire-based descriptive study was conducted in perinatal centers throughout Japan in 2020. The incidence of maternal transport and preterm delivery rates every month after the COVID-19 spread in 2020 were compared with those in 2019. RESULTS Participants were recruited from 52 perinatal centres. The maternal transport rate (maternal transports per number of deliveries) was 10.6% in April and 11.0% in June 2020, compared with 12.5% in 2019 (P < 0.05). The maternal transport rate due to preterm labor was 4.8% in April 2020 and 5.8% in 2019 (P < 0.05). The maternal transport rate during the declaration of emergency state decreased by 21% in April 2020 in non-emergency-declared prefectures, and decreased by 17% in May 2020 in emergency-declared prefectures. However, there was no significant difference in the preterm delivery rate between 2020 and 2019, regardless of the prefecture and gestational period. CONCLUSION Declaration of the emergency status due to COVID-19 spread in Japan reduced maternal transport due to preterm labor, but did not reduce preterm delivery itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Homma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Furuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Yamada K, Hara T, Sato K, Koyama Y, Kato D, Nohara K, Enomoto N, Yagi S, Kitagawa D, Takemura N, Nagasaka S, Kiyomatsu T, Kokudo N. Infection control of COVID-19 in operating theaters in a designated hospital for specified infectious diseases in Japan. Glob Health Med 2022; 4:332-335. [PMID: 36589221 PMCID: PMC9773218 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2022.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many hospitals around the world recommended stopping elective surgery as a precaution to stop the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of elective surgeries was reduced in Japan due to several waves of the pandemic. This work describes the management of COVID-19 and actual polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening in operating theaters at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), a designated hospital for specified infectious diseases in Japan. The following three steps for COVID-19 infection control were taken to maintain the operating theater: i) Do not bring COVID-19 into the operating theater, ii) Infection control for all medical staff, and iii) Surgical management of surgical patients with COVID-19. We introduced checklists for surgical patients, simulations of surgery on infected patients, screening PCR tests for all surgical patients, and use of a negative pressure room for infective or suspected cases. We determined the flow and timing of surgery for patients with COVID-19. However, many aspects of COVID-19 infection control measures in the operating theater are still unclear. Therefore, infection control measures require further advances in the future to manage new infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamada
- Division of Operating Theaters, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;,Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;,Address correspondence to:Kazuhiko Yamada, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Tetsuo Hara
- Division of Operating Theaters, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazue Sato
- Division of Operating Theaters, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Koyama
- Division of Operating Theaters, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nohara
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Enomoto
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syusuke Yagi
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takemura
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagasaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hasegawa J, Tanaka H, Katsuragi S, Nii M, Sekizawa A, Ishiwata I, Ikeda T. Maternal death due to serious group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome reduced after the coronavirus disease pandemic in Japan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:10451-10454. [PMID: 36195456 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2128663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Serious group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) are rare conditions, but their rapid progression often results in death. The purpose of the present study was to clarify recent trend after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic of GAS infection in Japan.Materials and Methods: Maternal death statistics were analyzed by the Japan Maternal Death Exploratory Committee.Results: Maternal deaths due to GAS-TSS accounted for 4.2% (n = 22) of all maternal deaths in Japan (n = 525) in the last 12 years. GAS-TSS remains one of the leading causes of maternal death after obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorder. However, no maternal deaths due to GAS-TSS have been reported since the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan after the last death occurred in February 2020.Conclusions: The major change during this period was that most Japanese people wore facemasks at all times and did frequent disinfection. It is considered that the reduction in the incidence of GAS infections itself reduced the number of serious GAS-related maternal deaths. Wearing facemasks and frequent disinfection during pregnancy might to be recommended to prevent various infectious diseases including serious GAS infection, even after the COVID-19 pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shinji Katsuragi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyazaki University, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Ishiwata
- Ishiwata Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Sugihara H, Aoyama J, Kato Y, Arai K, Shibata Y, Fuse E, Nomura M, Kohama K. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Prediction Score in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Japan. Cureus 2022; 14:e31210. [PMID: 36505104 PMCID: PMC9731547 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, causing widespread mortality. Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated in homes, hotels, and medium-sized hospitals where doctors were responsible for assessing the need for critical care hospitalization. This study aimed to establish a severity prediction score for critical care triage. METHOD We analyzed the data of 368 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who had been admitted to Fussa Hospital, Japan, from April 2020 to February 2022. We defined a high-oxygen group as requiring ≥4 l/min of oxygen. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct a risk prediction score, and the best model was selected using a stepwise selection method. RESULTS Multivariable analysis showed that older age (≥70 years), elevated creatine kinase (≥127 U/L), C-reactive protein (≥2.19 mg/dL), and ferritin (≥632.7 ng/mL) levels were independent risk factors associated with the high-oxygen group. Each risk factor was assigned a score ranging from 0 to 4, and we referred to the final overall score as the Fussa score. Patients were classified into two groups, namely, high-risk (total risk factors, ≥2) and low-risk (total risk score, <2) groups. The high-risk group had a significantly worse prognosis (low-risk group, undefined vs. high-risk group, undefined; P< 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The Fussa score might help to identify patients with COVID-19 who require critical care hospitalization.
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14
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Akashi J, Hino A, Tateishi S, Nagata T, Tsuji M, Ogami A, Matsuda S, Kataoka M, Fujino Y. Spread of infection and treatment interruption among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:921966. [PMID: 35968419 PMCID: PMC9372612 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.921966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in treatment interruption for chronic diseases. The scale of COVID-19 in Japan has varied greatly in terms of the scale of infection and the speed of spread depending on the region. This study aimed to examine the relationship between local infection level and treatment interruption among Japanese workers. Methods Cross-sectional internet survey was conducted from December 22 to 26, 2020. Of 33,302 participants, 9,510 (5,392 males and 4,118 females) who responded that they required regular treatment were included in the analysis. The infection level in each participant's prefecture of residence was assessed based on the incidence rate (per 1,000 population) and the number of people infected. Age-sex and multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of regional infection levels associated with treatment interruption were estimated by multilevel logistic models, nested by prefecture of residence. The multivariate model was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, equivalent household income, educational level, occupation, self-rated health status and anxiety. Results The ORs of treatment interruption for the lowest and highest levels of infection in the region were 1.32 [95 % confidence interval (CI) were 1.09–1.59] for the overall morbidity rate (per 1,000) and 1.34 (95 % CI 1.10–1.63) for the overall number of people infected. Higher local infection levels were linked to a greater number of workers experiencing treatment interruption. Conclusions Higher local infection levels were linked to more workers experiencing treatment interruption. Our results suggest that apart from individual characteristics such as socioeconomic and health status, treatment interruption during the pandemic is also subject to contextual effects related to regional infection levels. Preventing community spread of COVID-19 may thus protect individuals from indirect effects of the pandemic, such as treatment interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ayako Hino
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshihisa Fujino
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15
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Goto Y, Miura H, Yamaguchi Y, Onishi J. Evaluation of an advance care planning training program for practice professionals in Japan incorporating shared decision making skills training: a prospective study of a curricular intervention. Palliat Care 2022; 21:135. [PMID: 35883081 PMCID: PMC9315089 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a novel training program for health care professionals that incorporated shared decision making (SDM) skills training into an advance care planning (ACP) training course, the first in Japan. This study aimed to assess the training program's impact on health care professionals' knowledge, skill, attitudes, and confidence to initiate ACP. METHODS Using the novel Japanese educational program, we evaluated the effect of 8-month programs conducted eight community training sites of professionals who can practice ACP in a local area in Aichi Prefecture (the Aichi ACP Project). SDM skills training was provided during the workshops conducted in the ACP training course, and the participants' satisfaction and understanding of the training were assessed. After the completion of two workshops, information on SDM skill results from the training and submitted assignments were collected anonymously from the training sites. RESULT A total of 404 participants completed all education programs. After the first workshop, at least 95% of trainees stated that they were satisfied with the training and that it was useful for ACP practice. The evaluation of the results between the first and second workshops indicated improvement in SDM skills on some items of the SDM measures. In the second workshop, at least 90% of participants submitted implementation reports, and after the second workshop, a survey of confidence in ACP practice was administered, with responses indicating improvement. There were high levels of interest in education related to the ACP practices of oneself and others. CONCLUSIONS This educational program can be an effective for developing professionals who can practice ACP with SDM skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Goto
- Department of Home Care and Regional Liaison Promotion, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hisayuki Miura
- Department of Home Care and Regional Liaison Promotion, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Joji Onishi
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Nonaka S, Makiishi T, Nishimura Y, Nagasaki K, Shikino K, Izumiya M, Moriya M, Sadohara M, Ohtake Y, Kuriyama A. Prevalence of Burnout among Internal Medicine and Primary Care Physicians before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. Intern Med 2022; 61:647-651. [PMID: 34924459 PMCID: PMC8943365 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8118-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the change in the prevalence of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic among internists and primary care physicians in Japan, and to identify factors associated with the exacerbation of burnout among these populations during this period. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on two web-based surveys conducted in January 2020 (before the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic) and June 2020 (during the pandemic). The participants were internists and primary care physicians of the Japanese Chapter of the American College of Physicians. The main outcome was the change in the prevalence of burnout between before and during the "first wave" of the pandemic. We also examined factors associated with the exacerbation of burnout during this period. Results Among the 283 respondents in the first survey and 322 in the second survey, 98 (34.6%) and 111 (34.5%) reported symptoms of burnout, respectively. In June 2020, 82 respondents (25.5%) reported that their level of burnout exacerbated compared to January 2020. Only the experience of self-quarantine was associated with the exacerbation of burnout [odds ratio (OR) 3.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-6.50; p=0.002], while being a woman, being a resident physician, and an experience of having worked in a prefecture under a state of emergency were not. Conclusions No marked change in the prevalence of burnout among internists and primary care physicians in Japan was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic as a whole. However, self-quarantine was associated with the exacerbation of the burnout level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuya Makiishi
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Japan
| | | | - Kazuya Nagasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shikino
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Izumiya
- Department of Medical Education Studies, International Research Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Moriya
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Michito Sadohara
- Department of Community, General, and Family Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Itami Seifu Hosptal, Japan
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
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Topic Evolution of Chinese COVID-19 Policies Based on Co-Occurrence Clustering Network Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the changes of Chinese coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) policy topics in the eclipse, outbreak, and convalescent stage of COVID-19 based on 4982 textual policies. By using the co-occurrence clustering network method, we find that the strict prevention and control of the epidemic is the only topic of policies in the eclipse stage. In the outbreak stage, strict epidemic prevention and control is still the most important policy topic. The policies of resuming work of “essential” enterprises and stabilizing market prices are important support and guarantee for fighting against COVID-19. In the convalescent stage, as the prevention and control of COVID-19 has become regular, promoting and ensuring the resumption of work in all sectors of society is the most important topic of the policies. Moreover, the success of Wuhan City’s fight against COVID-19 reflects China’s governance characteristics of “concentrating power to do a major event”. Finally, the possible improvements for Chinese COVID-19 policies are discussed, which can provide practical suggestions for government departments on how to effectively respond to public health emergencies.
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18
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Shirohata A, Ariyoshi R, Fujigaki S, Tanaka K, Morikawa T, Sanuki T, Kinoshita Y. A case of COVID-19 diarrhea relieved by bile acid sequestrant administration. Clin J Gastroenterol 2022; 15:393-400. [PMID: 35122223 PMCID: PMC8815721 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-022-01598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 exhibit various gastrointestinal symptoms. Although diarrhea is reported in many cases, the pathophysiology of diarrhea has not been fully clarified. Herein, we report a case of coronavirus disease 2019 with diarrhea that was successfully relieved by the administration of a bile acid sequestrant. The patient was a 59-year-old man whose pneumonia was treated by the administration of glucocorticoids and mechanical ventilation. However, beginning on the 30th hospital day, he developed severe watery diarrhea (up to 10 times a day). Colonoscopy detected ulcers in the terminal ileum and ascending colon. The oral administration of a bile acid sequestrant, colestimide, improved his diarrhea quickly. Ileal inflammation is reported to suppress expression of the gut epithelial apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. It decreases bile acid absorption at the distal ileum and increases colonic delivery of bile acids, resulting in bile acid diarrhea. In summary, the clinical course of the case presented in this report suggests that bile acid diarrhea is a possible mechanism of watery diarrhea observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shirohata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, 3-1 Yumesaki-cho, Hirohata-ku, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-1122, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Ariyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, 3-1 Yumesaki-cho, Hirohata-ku, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-1122, Japan
| | - Seiji Fujigaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, 3-1 Yumesaki-cho, Hirohata-ku, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-1122, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, 3-1 Yumesaki-cho, Hirohata-ku, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-1122, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, 3-1 Yumesaki-cho, Hirohata-ku, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-1122, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sanuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, 3-1 Yumesaki-cho, Hirohata-ku, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-1122, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, 3-1 Yumesaki-cho, Hirohata-ku, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-1122, Japan
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Total infectome characterization of respiratory infections in pre-COVID-19 Wuhan, China. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010259. [PMID: 35176118 PMCID: PMC8853501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
At the end of 2019 Wuhan witnessed an outbreak of "atypical pneumonia" that later developed into a global pandemic. Metagenomic sequencing rapidly revealed the causative agent of this outbreak to be a novel coronavirus denoted SARS-CoV-2. To provide a snapshot of the pathogens in pneumonia-associated respiratory samples from Wuhan prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 408 patients presenting with pneumonia and acute respiratory infections at the Central Hospital of Wuhan between 2016 and 2017. Unbiased total RNA sequencing was performed to reveal their "total infectome", including viruses, bacteria and fungi. We identified 35 pathogen species, comprising 13 RNA viruses, 3 DNA viruses, 16 bacteria and 3 fungi, often at high abundance and including multiple co-infections (13.5%). SARS-CoV-2 was not present. These data depict a stable core infectome comprising common respiratory pathogens such as rhinoviruses and influenza viruses, an atypical respiratory virus (EV-D68), and a single case of a sporadic zoonotic pathogen-Chlamydia psittaci. Samples from patients experiencing respiratory disease on average had higher pathogen abundance than healthy controls. Phylogenetic analyses of individual pathogens revealed multiple origins and global transmission histories, highlighting the connectedness of the Wuhan population. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections and pneumonia, which were more diverse and complex than obtained using targeted PCR or qPCR approaches. These data also suggest that SARS-CoV-2 or closely related viruses were absent from Wuhan in 2016-2017.
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Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on infectious disease treatment and infection control at a tertiary hospital in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:616-622. [PMID: 35115242 PMCID: PMC8789558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly impacted medical care practices. Although the effects on infectious disease treatment and infection control, such as antimicrobial resistance, have been specified, very few reports exist on the specific effects of COVID-19. Methods We investigated the effects of COVID-19 on daily medical practices at a tertiary hospital in Japan by comparing the use of hand sanitizers, the detection of bacteria from blood cultures, and the amount dose of antibacterial drugs used for one year before (April 2019 to March 2020, fiscal year 2019.) and after COVID-19 admissions began (April 2020 to March 2021, fiscal year 2020). Results The use of hand sanitizers increased by 1.4–3 times during the year after COVID-19 admissions began; the incidence of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and all S. aureus detected in blood cultures reduced in all departments. No decrease was observed in the usage of all antibacterial drugs; rather, the usage of all antibacterial drugs tended to increase in all departments. Therefore, no significant change was observed in the detection of drug-resistant bacteria and the trends of antibacterial drug use based on the acceptance of COVID-19 patients. Conclusions The prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria and trends of antibacterial drug use remained unchanged despite the increased use of hand sanitizers due to the admission of patients with COVID-19.
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Kikuchi K, Hamano SI, Horiguchi A, Nonoyama H, Hirata Y, Matsuura R, Koichihara R, Oka A, Hirano D. Telemedicine in epilepsy management during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14972. [PMID: 34460985 PMCID: PMC8661659 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine has spread rapidly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and shown its usefulness, particularly for patients with epilepsy, compared to face-to-face visits. We sought to evaluate the clinical features of patients with childhood onset epilepsy associated with consultations by telephone call during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with childhood onset epilepsy who visited an outpatient clinic in Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan, from 1 March 2020 to 30 September 2020. To find the clinical features of patients who utilized telemedicine consultation (by telephone call), we divided the patients into the telemedicine group and the face-to-face group. We then reviewed the clinical features. Telemedicine consultation was not implemented for new patients. RESULTS We enrolled 776 outpatients in total, and 294 patients (37.9%) utilized telemedicine consultations. The total number of visits was 2,299 and the total number of telemedicine consultations was 373 (16.2%). No clinical feature was associated with telemedicine consultations except for age at onset of epilepsy. The number of oral antiepileptic drugs prescriptions decreased in 23 of 776 (3.0%) of the patients who did not experience seizure deterioration, including status epilepticus, or who visited the emergency room. CONCLUSION Telemedicine consultations were successfully utilized for epilepsy treatment at our outpatient clinic, regardless of epilepsy type, etiology, seizure frequency, comorbidities, and patients' residential areas. Thus, telemedicine by telephone call may be a useful resource in the management of patients with childhood onset epilepsy during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Kikuchi
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hamano
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Horiguchi
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hazuki Nonoyama
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirata
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuki Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Reiko Koichihara
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daishi Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ando S. Effectiveness of the 2019-2020 Influenza Vaccine and the Effect of Prior Influenza Infection and Vaccination in Children during the First Influenza Season Overlapping with the COVID-19 Epidemic. J NIPPON MED SCH 2021; 88:524-532. [PMID: 33692300 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral changes among Japanese, along with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, may affect the seasonal influenza epidemic in Japan and change influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). METHODS This single-center, test-negative case-control (TNCC) study estimated influenza VE in children for the first influenza season (2019/20) to overlap the COVID-19 epidemic in. Effects of prior influenza infection and vaccination in children were assessed for the 2019-2020 season. RESULTS Among 386 children, adjusted VE was significant for influenza A/H1N1 (45.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-69.7) and influenza B (66.7%; 95% CI: 35.9-82.7). Among patients aged 0-6 years, adjusted VE was significant for influenza A (total: A/H1N1+A/H3N2) (65.0%; 95% CI: 22.2-84.3), influenza A/H1N1 (64.8%; 95% CI: 16.9-85.1) and influenza B (87.4%; 95% CI: 50.5-96.8). No VE was observed in patients aged 7-15 years. Administration of two vaccine doses tended to decrease incidences of influenza A (total) and influenza A/H1N1 in patients aged 0-6 years. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of influenza B infection in patients, who had influenza during the previous season, were significantly lower among all participants (0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.78) and patients aged 7-15 years (0.34; 95% CI: 0.12-0.94). The adjusted ORs of influenza infections were not significant in patients vaccinated during the previous season. CONCLUSIONS TNCC-based estimates of influenza VE were consistent despite the overlapping COVID-19 epidemic.
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Mollalo A, Mohammadi A, Mavaddati S, Kiani B. Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12024. [PMID: 34831801 PMCID: PMC8624385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatial analysis of COVID-19 vaccination research is increasing in recent literature due to the availability of COVID-19 vaccination data that usually contain location components. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has provided a comprehensive review of this research area. Therefore, in this scoping review, we examined the breadth of spatial and spatiotemporal vaccination studies to summarize previous findings, highlight research gaps, and provide guidelines for future research. We performed this review according to the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. We screened all articles published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as of 21 September 2021, that had employed at least one form of spatial analysis of COVID-19 vaccination. In total, 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and were organized into four main themes: disease surveillance (n = 35); risk analysis (n = 14); health access (n = 16); and community health profiling (n = 2). Our findings suggested that most studies utilized preliminary spatial analysis techniques, such as disease mapping, which might not lead to robust inferences. Moreover, few studies addressed data quality, modifiable areal unit problems, and spatial dependence, highlighting the need for more sophisticated spatial and spatiotemporal analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA;
| | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199, Iran;
| | - Sara Mavaddati
- Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, Policlinic University Hospital of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Behzad Kiani
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779, Iran
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Seino Y, Aizawa Y, Kogetsu A, Kato K. Ethical and Social Issues for Health Care Providers in the Intensive Care Unit during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: a Questionnaire Survey. Asian Bioeth Rev 2021; 14:115-131. [PMID: 34804220 PMCID: PMC8590925 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-021-00194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This questionnaire-based observational study was conducted in July 2020 with the aim of understanding the ethical and social issues faced by health care providers (HCPs) registered with the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine in intensive care units (ICUs) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. There were 200 questionnaire respondents, and we analyzed the responses of 189 members who had been involved in COVID-19 treatment in ICUs. The ethical and social issues that HCPs recognized during the pandemic were difficulties in the decision-making process with patients' families, limitations of life-sustaining treatment, lack of palliative care, and inadequate mental support for patients' families and HCPs. Regarding decision-making on issues of clinical ethics during the pandemic, more than half of the respondents thought they had failed to provide sufficient palliative care to patients and responded that they experienced moral distress. The free-text responses on moral distress revealed issues such as unusual treatment and care, restricted visits, challenging situations for HCPs, and psychological burden. Additionally, 38.1% of respondents experienced episodes of social prejudice or discrimination and 4.7% experienced a shortage of medical resources. Our study result shows that the moral distress of HCPs was caused by difficulties in patient-centered decision-making and insufficient medical care to patients and their families. These were caused mainly by a lack of communication due to the stronger implementation of infection control measures. We believe that it is important to address ethical and social issues during a pandemic in order to provide appropriate medical care and prevent burnout among HCPs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41649-021-00194-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Seino
- Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Yayoi Aizawa
- Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Atsushi Kogetsu
- Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Kazuto Kato
- Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
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A Text Mining-Based Survey of Pre-Impressions of Medical Staff toward COVID-19 Vaccination in a Designated Medical Institution for Class II Infectious Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111282. [PMID: 34835212 PMCID: PMC8623688 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the pre-impressions of medical staff toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in a designated medical institution for class II infectious diseases in Sakaide, Japan using a text mining analysis. A total of 387 medical staff were surveyed on their pre-vaccination impressions toward the COVID-19 vaccine using an open-ended questionnaire from March 1st to 7th (the first survey) and from March 22nd to 28th (the second survey) at Sakaide City Hospital, Sakaide, Japan. A total of 296 people answered the question for the first time and 234 people answered for the second time among the 387 people. The vaccination rate was slightly lower for the younger generation than for the older generation. Before the first vaccination, the younger generation expressed concerns about side effects as well as a negative impact on pregnancy. However, before the second vaccination, there were fewer concerns regarding side effects and words of reassurance were also noted. Nurses expressed more opinions about side effects in both the first and second vaccinations than other medical staff. Concerns regarding side effects among medical staff decreased with the progression of COVID-19 vaccination. These data may provide useful information about the promotion of COVID-19 vaccination to the public, particularly in the young generation and women.
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Hirase T, Okita M, Nakai Y, Akaida S, Shono S, Makizako H. Pain and physical activity changes during the COVID-19 state of emergency among Japanese adults aged 40 years or older: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27533. [PMID: 34731148 PMCID: PMC8519207 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between pain and physical activity (PA) levels is beneficial for maintaining good health status. However, the impact of pain on changes in PA during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PA levels pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 state of emergency differ between Japanese adults who had pain after the COVID-19 state of emergency and those who did not.Data were collected from a cross-sectional online survey conducted between October 19 and 28, 2020. The analytic sample consisted of 1967 Japanese adults aged ≥40 years who completed the online survey. Participants completed questionnaires on the presence of pain and duration of PA, defined as the total PA time per week based on activity frequency and time. Participants were asked to report their PA at 3 time points: October 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic), April 2020 (during the COVID-19 state of emergency), and October 2020 (after the COVID-19 state of emergency).Among participants aged ≥60 years who reported pain in October 2020, the total PA time was significantly lower than participants who did not report having pain. Furthermore, the total PA time in April 2020 was significantly lower than that in October 2019; however, no significant difference in total PA time was observed between April and October 2020. Among participants aged 40 to 59 years, no significant differences were observed in total PA times at the 3 time points between those with and without pain. In addition, the total PA time in October 2020 significantly increased compared to that in April 2020, although it significantly decreased in April 2020 compared to October 2019.This study suggests that older adults with pain have lower PA levels after the COVID-19 state of emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hirase
- Department of Physical Therapy Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Physical Therapy Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Sport Science Area, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, 1-10-2 Kokubuchuou, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shoma Akaida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Saki Shono
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
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Okauchi Y, Matsuno K, Nishida T, Sawada K, Kawasaki A, Ito N, Morimura O, Otani Y, Yokoe M, Abe K, Iwahashi H. Obesity, glucose intolerance, advanced age, and lymphocytopenia are independent risk factors for oxygen requirement in Japanese patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Endocr J 2021; 68:849-856. [PMID: 33762519 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
At the current time of rising demand for hospital beds, it is important to triage COVID-19 patients according to the treatment needed during hospitalization. The need for oxygen therapy is an important factor determining hospital admission of these patients. Our retrospective study was designed to identify risk factors associated with the progression to oxygen requirement in COVID-19 patients. A total of 133 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to our hospital from February 22, 2020, to August 23. After excluding asymptomatic, non-Japanese, pediatric, pregnant patients and also those who needed oxygen immediately at admission, data of the remaining 84 patients were analyzed. The patients were separated into those who required oxygen after admission and those who did not, and their characteristics were compared. Age, body mass index (BMI), lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were significantly different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis identified four significant and independent risk factors of oxygen requirement, including advanced age, obesity, glucose intolerance and lymphocytopenia. Dividing the patients into subgroups according to the number of these risk factors found in each patient indicated that the need for oxygen increased with higher number of these risk factors in the same individual. Our results suggest that the presence of higher number of these risk factors in COVID-19 patients is associated with future oxygen requirement and that this index can be potentially useful in triaging COVID-19 patients staying home in the context of need for hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyoshi Okauchi
- Departments of Diabetes Center, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Kanae Matsuno
- Departments of Diabetes Center, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishida
- Gastroenterology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawada
- Departments of Diabetes Center, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawasaki
- Departments of Diabetes Center, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ito
- Departments of Diabetes Center, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Osamu Morimura
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Yasushi Otani
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoe
- Neurology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Kinya Abe
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwahashi
- Departments of Diabetes Center, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
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Tokunaga M, Yoshikawa T, Boku N, Nishida Y, Tanahashi T, Yamada T, Haruta S, Etoh T, Hirahara N, Kawachi Y, Tsuji K, Kinoshita T, Kanazawa T, Tokumoto N, Fujita J, Terashima M. Impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer treatment in Japanese high-volume centers: a JCOG stomach cancer study group survey. Surg Today 2021; 52:231-238. [PMID: 34286401 PMCID: PMC8294226 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purposes The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected socioeconomic and healthcare systems in many countries. Accordingly, many individuals may have canceled their annual health-check programs, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which would have resulted in lower numbers of newly diagnosed patients with gastric cancer in comparison to other times. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 62 hospitals every week from May 2020 to August 2020 (total 744) through mailing lists of the Stomach Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. The number of patients with gastric cancer and hospital systems during the COVID-19 pandemic were surveyed. Results In total, 74% (551 out of 744) of the questionnaires were answered and analyzed. In early May, approximately 50% of hospitals had to restrict surgical slots due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they gradually loosened the restrictions thereafter. The number of gastrectomies was < 80% that of the same period in the previous year, and hospitals in Tokyo were seriously affected by a 50% decrease in the number of gastrectomies. Conclusions The number of gastrectomies was lower than that in the previous year. Further multi-center follow-up studies are required to evaluate the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00595-021-02329-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nishida
- Department of Surgery, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Takanobu Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shusuke Haruta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hirahara
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuji
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Tokumoto
- Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junya Fujita
- Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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Toyoda Y, Katanoda K, Ishii K, Yamamoto H, Tabuchi T. Negative impact of the COVID-19 state of emergency on breast cancer screening participation in Japan. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:1340-1345. [PMID: 34241799 PMCID: PMC8267509 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background In response to the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Osaka, Hyogo and Fukuoka prefectures on April 7, 2020; this was extended to the remaining prefectures on April 16, 2020. The state of emergency was lifted on May 25, 2020. Although it was known that breast cancer screening was postponed or canceled during this period, the actual extent of postponement or cancellation has not been clarified. Methods We investigated postponement or cancellation of breast cancer screening between April and May 2020 using a cross-sectional, web-based, self-reported questionnaire survey. In addition, we examined the association between socioeconomic and health-related factors and postponement or cancellation by multivariable log-binominal regression. Results Among 1874 women aged 30–79 years who had scheduled breast cancer screening during the study period, 493 women (26.3%) postponed or canceled screening. While women aged 30–39 years and 70–79 years postponed or canceled less frequently than women aged 40–49 years (prevalence ratio = 0.62 and 0.56, respectively), there was no significant difference between age groups in the women aged 40–69 years. Postponement or cancellation was more frequent in five prefectures, where the state of emergency was declared early (prevalence ratio = 1.25). Employment status, annual household income, family structure, academic background, smoking status, and fear of COVID-19 were not associated with postponement or cancellation. Conclusion Although care should be taken with the interpretation of these findings due to possible biases, they suggest that the postponement or cancellation of breast cancer screening might be due more to facility suspension than to individual factors. It is necessary to explore the ideal way of encouraging breast cancer screening uptake, in an environment of coexistence with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Toyoda
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Minoh City Hospital, 7-1, Kayano 5-chome, Minoh-shi, Osaka, 562-0014, Japan.
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 1-69, Otemae 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishii
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Minoh City Hospital, 7-1, Kayano 5-chome, Minoh-shi, Osaka, 562-0014, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 1-69, Otemae 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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30
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Annear M, Kidokoro T, Shimizu Y. Existential threats to the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games? a review of emerging environmental health risks. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:159-166. [PMID: 34981705 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights two intersecting environmental phenomena that have significantly impacted the Tokyo Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games: infectious disease outbreaks and anthropogenic climate change. Following systematic searches of five databases and the gray literature, 15 studies were identified that addressed infectious disease and climate-related health risks associated with the Summer Games and similar sports mega-events. Over two decades, infectious disease surveillance at the Summer Games has identified low-level threats from vaccine-preventable illnesses and respiratory conditions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and expansion of vector-borne diseases represent emerging and existential challenges for cities that host mass gathering sports competitions due to the absence of effective vaccines. Ongoing threats from heat injury among athletes and spectators have also been identified at international sports events from Asia to North America due to a confluence of rising Summer temperatures, urban heat island effects and venue crowding. Projections for the Tokyo Games and beyond suggest that heat injury risks are reaching a dangerous tipping point, which will necessitate relocation or mitigation with long-format and endurance events. Without systematic change to its format or staging location, the Summer Games have the potential to drive deleterious health outcomes for athletes, spectators and host communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Annear
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-7-5 Higashi-Fushimi, Nishitokyo city, Tokyo202-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shimizu
- Division of Arts & Sciences, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Hasegawa J, Arakaki T, Sekizawa A, Ikeda T, Ishiwata I, Kinoshita K. Current status of community-acquired infection of COVID-19 in delivery facilities in Japan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251434. [PMID: 34015017 PMCID: PMC8136647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A nationwide questionnaire survey about community-acquired infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was conducted in July 2020 to identify the characteristics of and measures taken by Japanese medical facilities providing maternity services. A case-control study was conducted by including medical facilities with (Cases) and without (Control) community-acquired infection of COVID-19. Responses from 711 hospitals and 707 private clinics were assessed (72% of all hospital and 59% all private clinics provided maternity service in Japan). Seventy-five COVID-19-positive pregnant women were treated in 52 facilities. Community-acquired infection was reported in 4.1% of the facilities. Of these, 95% occurred in the hospital. Nine patients developed a community-acquired infection in the maternity ward or obstetric department. Variables that associated with community-acquired infection of COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) were found to be state of emergency prefecture (4.93 [2.17-11.16]), PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 on admission (2.88 [1.59-5.24]), and facility that cannot treat COVID-19 positive patients (0.34 [0.14-0.82]). In conclusion, community-acquired infection is likely to occur in large hospitals that treat a higher number of patients than private clinics do, regardless of the preventive measures used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Isamu Ishiwata
- Ishiwata Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yoshimura M, Yamaoka H, Ishikawa M, Miwa Y, Hayashi T, Kaneoka A, Murota Y, Ito K, Kiyokawa J, Hirota S, Yamamoto S. Initial Management of Patients with Suspected Stroke in the SARS-CoV-2 Era: Effects on the Door-to-Picture Time. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2021; 15:489-497. [PMID: 37502765 PMCID: PMC10370584 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.oa.2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effectiveness of a newly developed emergency room (ER) protocol to treat patients with stroke and control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by evaluating the door-to-picture time. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 126 patients who were transported to our ER by ambulance with suspected stroke between April 15 and October 31, 2020 (study group). A risk judgment system named the COVID level was introduced to classify the risk of infection as follows: level 0, no infection; I, infection unlikely; II, possible; III, probable; and IV, definite. Patients with COVID levels 0, I, or II and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score >10 were placed in a normal ER (nER) without atmospheric pressure control; the medical staff wore standard personal protective equipment (PPE) in such cases. Patients with COVID level II, III, or IV, and a GCS score of ≤10 were assigned to the negative pressure ER (NPER); the medical staff wore enhanced PPE for these cases. The validity of the protocol was assessed. The door-to-picture time of the study group was compared with that of 114 control patients who were transported with suspected stroke during the same period in 2019 (control group). The difference in the time for CT and MRI between the two groups was also compared. In the study group, the time spent in the nER and NPER was evaluated. Results In all, 118 patients (93.7%) were classified as level I, 6 (4.8%) as level II, and 2 (1.6%) as level III. Only five patients (4.0%) were treated with NPER. Polymerase chain reaction tests were performed on 118 out of 126 patients (93.7%) and were negative. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, neurological severity, modalities of diagnostic imaging, and diagnosis compared with the control group. The median door-to-picture time was 18 (11-27.8) min in the study group and 15 (10-25) min in the control group (p = 0.08). No delay was found on CT (15 [10-21] vs. 14 [9-21] min, p = 0.24). In contrast, there was an 8-min delay for MRI (30 [21.8-50] vs. 22 [14-30] min, p = 0.01). The median door-to-picture time was 29 min longer in patients treated with NPER than in those treated with nER, although the difference was not significant due to the small number of patients (47 [27-57] vs. 18 [11-26] min, p = 0.07). Conclusion Our protocol could optimize the use of medical resources with only a 3-min delay in the door-to-picture time in an area without explosive outbreak. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the protocol in preventing infection could not be verified because of the low incidence of COVID-19. When developing and modifying an institutional protocol, recognizing the outbreak status surrounding each institution is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yamaoka
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shioda Memorial Hospital, Chosei-gun, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Azumi Kaneoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin Hirota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
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Impact of meteorological parameters and population density on variants of SARS-CoV-2 and outcome of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e103. [PMID: 33908339 PMCID: PMC8134905 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882100100x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vaccines have become available, emergence and rapid transmission of new variants have added new paradigm in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Weather, population and host immunity have been detected as the regulatory elements of COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the effects of weather, population and host factors on the outcome of COVID-19 and mutation frequency in Japan. Data were collected during January 2020 to February 2021. About 92% isolates were form GR clades. Variants 501Y.V1 (53%) and 452R.V1 (24%) were most prevalent in Japan. The strongest correlation was detected between fatalities and population density (rs = 0.81) followed by total population (rs = 0.72). Relative humidity had the highest correlation (rs = -0.71) with the case fatality rate. Cluster mutations namely N501Y (45%), E484K (30%), N439K (16%), K417N (6%) and T478I (3%) at spike protein have increased during January to February 2021. Above 90% fatality was detected in patients aged >60 years. The ratio of male to female patients of COVID-19 was 1.35:1. This study will help to understand the seasonality of COVID-19 and impact of weather on the outcome which will add knowledge to reduce the health burden of COVID-19 by the international organisations and policy makers.
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Hayashi K, Ito Y, Yamane R, Yoshizaki M, Matsushita K, Kajikawa G, Kozawa T, Mizutani T, Shimizu Y, Nagano K, Tachi K, Yoshioka K, Goto H. The case of a liver-transplant recipient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who had a favorable outcome. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:842-845. [PMID: 33675512 PMCID: PMC7936581 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in 2019; thereafter, the COVID-19 outbreak became a health emergency of international concern. The impact of COVID-19 on liver-transplant recipients is unclear. Thus, it is currently unknown whether liver-transplant recipients are at a higher risk of developing complications related to COVID-19. Here, we report the case of liver-transplant recipients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2. A 20-year-old man who had undergone living-donor liver transplantation from his father at 5 years of age because of congenital biliary atresia was referred to our hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chest computed tomography did not show any abnormalities; however, laboratory results revealed liver dysfunction. He received tacrolimus as maintenance therapy that was continued at the same dose. He has not developed severe pulmonary disease and was discharged after 10 days of hospitalization. Limited data are available on post-transplant patients with COVID-19, and this case of a young patient without metabolic comorbidities did not show any association of severe COVID-19 under tacrolimus treatment. The progression of COVID-19 in liver-transplant recipients is complex, and COVID-19 risk should be evaluated in each patient until the establishment of optimal guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yoshizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Komei Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Go Kajikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Takashi Kozawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Taro Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Hidemi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Meijo Hospital, 1-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
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Nishida Y, Otagiri N, Tauchi K. Emergency abdominal surgeries remain unchanged in the COVID-19 affected environment: A single-center experience at a community hospital in Japan. Acute Med Surg 2021; 8:e623. [PMID: 33510897 PMCID: PMC7814991 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study assessed whether emergency abdominal surgeries were changed in the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19)‐affected environment at a community hospital in Japan, with the goal of planning and preparing hospital resources against the further spread of COVID‐19. Methods A total of 179 patients who underwent emergency abdominal surgery over 4 months during the pandemic (1 March, 2020 to 30 June, 2020) and a control period (1 March, 2019 to 30 June, 2019) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patient demographics, hospital visiting patterns (visit time, ambulance transport, and duration of symptom onset to hospital visit), severity of patients’ condition, and surgical characteristics were compared between the two periods. Results The number of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery during the pandemic did not decrease in comparison to the control period (89 patients versus 90 patients). The duration of symptom onset to hospital visit during the pandemic was not prolonged compared to the control period. Other hospital visiting patterns, severity of patients’ condition, and surgical characteristics were also similar in both periods. Conclusion Although the situation of the pandemic was different between countries and regions, the number of emergency surgeries in our hospital remained unchanged, and those patients visited the emergency room no later than usual.
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Vitale JA, Bonato M, Borghi S, Messina C, Albano D, Corbetta S, Sconfienza LM, Banfi G. Home-Based Resistance Training for Older Subjects during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Preliminary Results of a Six-Months RCT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9533. [PMID: 33352676 PMCID: PMC7767132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month home-based resistance-training program on muscle health and physical performance in healthy older subjects during the unique condition of home confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a randomized-controlled study that enrolled older participants that were allocated to either an experimental group performing the six-months exercise prescription (EXE) or a control group (CON). At the beginning (PRE), and after 6 months (POST), participants were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait assessment and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Normality distribution of data was checked with the D'Agostino and Pearson test and changes between PRE and POST were assessed by paired Student's t-test while percentage and absolute changes between groups at POST were tested by unpaired t-test. RESULTS Nine participants were included for the final analysis: EXE, n = 5 (age: 66 ± 4; BMI: 27.5 ± 3.7) and CON, n = 4 (age: 71 ± 9; BMI: 24.2 ± 4.1). Significant PRE-to-POST changes were observed in the EXE group only in the chair-stand test (+19.8%, p = 0.048 and ES:1.0, moderate) and in total fat mass (+5.0%, p = 0.035 and ES:1.4, large) with no between-group differences. Moreover, EXE had significantly higher absolute thigh CSA values than CON at POST (14.138 ± 2977 vs. 9039 ± 1015, p = 0.0178, ES = 1.7). No other within- and between-group differences were detected. CONCLUSIONS The home-based resistance-training program during the lockdown period, caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, determined only within-group improvement in lower limb muscle strength but not in muscle mass and composition in older subjects. Home confinement may partially explain the increase in total body fat due to a reduced daily PA regime and altered diet pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Antonino Vitale
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Matteo Bonato
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Stefano Borghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Messina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Domenico Albano
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Sezione di Scienze Radiologiche, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Sconfienza
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Di Bartolomeo M, Pellacani A, Negrello S, Chiarini L, Anesi A. Emerging challenges and possible strategies in maxillo-facial and oral surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:452-454. [PMID: 32830165 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic suddenly took the world by storm and Italy was one of the hardest hit countries. Maxillo-facial surgery and dentistry procedures had to be significantly reorganized, since they are considered high-risk procedures. Protocols had to be changed and interdepartmental cooperation was put in place to plan surgical interventions and maintain high standards. Various improvements have been made to prevent and reduce the risks of spreading the infection. Even if the situation seems to have improved, being unprepared is not an option. In this paper the experience gained during these months has been shared and possible future challenges has been highlighted, suggesting practical adjustments based also on new guidelines and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arrigo Pellacani
- Unit of Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Verona
| | - Sara Negrello
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Modena
| | - Luigi Chiarini
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Unit and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Alexandre Anesi
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Unit and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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Wada K, Okabe N, Shobugawa Y. Infection and transmission of COVID-19 among students and teachers in schools in Japan after the reopening in June 2020. BMJ Paediatr Open 2020; 4:e000854. [PMID: 34192181 PMCID: PMC7526027 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the confirmed COVID-19 cases among students and teachers in elementary schools (ages 6-12 years) and junior high schools (ages 13-15 years) in Japan between 1 June and 31 July 2020. We requested all schools to provide reports when students or teachers tested positive for COVID-19. A total of 207 cases were reported among students. Household transmission was identified as the dominant transmission route, confirmed in 71.4% of elementary schools and 60.3% of junior high schools. A total of 39 cases were reported among teachers, of which transmission route was unknown in 72.4% of elementary schools and 90.0% of junior high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Wada
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.,Expert Committee on Infection Control and Prevention in Schools, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okabe
- Expert Committee on Infection Control and Prevention in Schools, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Expert Committee on Infection Control and Prevention in Schools, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Active Ageing, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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