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Khan J. Optical Chemosensors Synthesis and Appplication for Trace Level Metal Ions Detection in Aqueous Media: A Review. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03559-8. [PMID: 38175458 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of optical chemosensors for the sensitive and selective detection of trace level metal ions in aqueous media has garnered significant attention within the scientific community. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies and applications of optical chemosensors dedicated to the detection of metal ions at low concentrations in water-based environments. The discussion encompasses a wide range of metal ions, including but not limited to heavy metals, transition metals, and rare earth elements, emphasizing their significance in environmental monitoring, industrial processes, and biological systems. The review explores into the synthesis methodologies employed for designing optical chemosensors, discovering diverse materials like organic dyes, nanoparticles, polymers, and hybrid materials. Special attention is given to the design principles that enable the selective recognition of specific metal ions, highlighting the role of ligand chemistry, coordination interactions, and structural modifications. Furthermore, the article thoroughly surveys the analytical performance of optical chemosensors in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and detection limits. Real-world applications, including water quality assessment, environmental monitoring, and biomedical diagnostics, are extensively covered to underscore the practical relevance of these sensing platforms. Additionally, the review sheds light on emerging trends, challenges, and future prospects in the field, providing insights into potential advancements and innovations. By synthesizing the current state of knowledge on optical chemosensors for trace level metal ions detection. The collective information presented herein not only offers a comprehensive understanding of the existing technologies but also inspires future research endeavors to address the evolving demands in the realm of trace metal ion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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2
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A review of recent advances in starch-based materials: Bionanocomposites, pH sensitive films, aerogels and carbon dots. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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3
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Jorns M, Pappas D. A Review of Fluorescent Carbon Dots, Their Synthesis, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1448. [PMID: 34070762 PMCID: PMC8228846 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a particularly useful type of fluorescent nanoparticle that demonstrate biocompatibility, resistance to photobleaching, as well as diversity in composition and characteristics amongst the different types available. There are two main morphologies of CDs: Disk-shaped with 1-3 stacked sheets of aromatic carbon rings and quasi-spherical with a core-shell arrangement having crystalline and amorphous properties. They can be synthesized from various potentially environmentally friendly methods including hydrothermal carbonization, microwaving, pyrolysis or combustion, and are then purified via one or more methods. CDs can have either excitation wavelength-dependent or -independent emission with each having their own benefits in microscopic fluorescent imaging. Some CDs have an affinity for a particular cell type, organelle or chemical. This property allows the CDs to be used as sensors in a biological environment and can even provide quantitative information if the quenching or intensity of their fluorescence is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. In addition to fluorescent imaging, CDs can also be used for other applications including drug delivery, quality control, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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4
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A newly synthesized boronic acid-functionalized sulfur-doped carbon dot chemosensor as a molecular probe for glucose sensing. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Recent Developments in Carbon Quantum Dots: Properties, Fabrication Techniques, and Bio-Applications. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots have gained tremendous interest attributable to their unique features. Two approaches are involved in the fabrication of quantum dots (Top-down and Bottom-up). Most of the synthesis methods are usually multistep, required harsh conditions, and costly carbon sources that may have a toxic effect, therefore green synthesis is more preferable. Herein, the current review presents the green synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) that having a wide range of potential applications in bio-sensing, cellular imaging, and drug delivery. However, some drawbacks and limitations are still unclear. Other biomedical and biotechnological applications are also highlighted.
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6
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Rana S, Kherb J. Fluorimetric detection of distinct lyotropic anion interactions on nanoscopic surfaces. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Kottam N, S P S. "Luminescent carbon nanodots: Current prospects on synthesis, properties and sensing applications". Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 9. [PMID: 33043896 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abc008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
"Nanocarbon science" ignited interest owing to its substantial scope in biomedicine, energy and environment-beneficial applications. Carbon dots (C-dots), a multi-faceted nanocarbon material, emerged as a homologue to graphene and henceforth geared extensive investigation both on its properties and applications. Eximious properties like excitation-wavelength tunable fluorescence emission, up-converted photoluminescence, photon-induced electron transfer, low cytotoxicity, chiroptical behavior, high chemical and photostability set the ground for astounding applications of carbon dots. Abundant availability of raw "green" precursors complementary to other molecular/graphitic precursors make them environmentally benign, inexpensive and ultimately "nanomaterials of the current decade". This review focuses on the synthesis of carbon dots not only from natural sources but also from other carbonaceous precursors and contemplates the inherent but controversial properties. We also aim to garner the attention of readers to the recent progress achieved by C-dots in one of its prestantious area of applications as nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kottam
- Chemistry, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT post, MSR Nagar, MSRIT post, Bangalore, 560054, INDIA
| | - Smrithi S P
- M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
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8
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Sivasankarapillai VS, Vishnu Kirthi A, Akksadha M, Indu S, Dhiviya Dharshini U, Pushpamalar J, Karthik L. Recent advancements in the applications of carbon nanodots: exploring the rising star of nanotechnology. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1760-1773. [PMID: 36132507 PMCID: PMC9419731 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00794f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles possess fascinating properties and applications, and there has been increasing critical consideration of their use. Because carbon is a component with immaterial cytotoxicity and extensive biocompatibility with different components, carbon nanomaterials have a wide scope of potential uses. Carbon nanodots are a type of carbon nanoparticle that is increasingly being researched because of their astounding properties such as extraordinary luminescence, simplicity of amalgamation and surface functionalization, and biocompatibility. Because of these properties, carbon nanodots can be used as material sensors, as indicators in fluorescent tests, and as nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In this review, we report on the ongoing and noteworthy utilization of carbon quantum dots such as bioimaging tests and photocatalytic applications. In addition, the extension and future components of these materials, which can be investigated for new potential applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai Vidyanagari, Santa Cruz (East) Mumbai India
| | - Murugesan Akksadha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore TN India +91-9952545640
| | - Somasundaram Indu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore TN India +91-9952545640
| | | | - Janarthanan Pushpamalar
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway 47500 Subang Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Loganathan Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore TN India +91-9952545640
- Salem Microbes Private Limited Salem Tamilnadu India
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9
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Hu Y, Yue C, Wang J, Zhang Y, Fang W, Dang J, Wu Y, Zhao H, Li Z. Fe–Ni metal–organic frameworks with prominent peroxidase-like activity for the colorimetric detection of Sn2+ ions. Analyst 2020; 145:6349-6356. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized Fe–Ni-MOF could oxidize TMB to produce oxTMB with blue color. The presence of Sn2+ ions could make the oxTMB color lighter, hence colorimetric detection of Sn2+ ions is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Chaochao Yue
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Wenhui Fang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Jiaqi Dang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
| | - Zengxi Li
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- PR China
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10
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Iravani S, Varma RS. Green synthesis, biomedical and biotechnological applications of carbon and graphene quantum dots. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2020; 18:703-727. [PMID: 32206050 PMCID: PMC7088420 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-020-00984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and graphene quantum dots are prepared using top-down and bottom-up methods. Sustainable synthesis of quantum dots has several advantages such as the use of low-cost and non-toxic raw materials, simple operations, expeditious reactions, renewable resources and straightforward post-processing steps. These nanomaterials are promising for clinical and biomedical sciences, especially in bioimaging, diagnosis, bioanalytical assays and biosensors. Here we review green methods for the fabrication of quantum dots, and biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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11
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Abstract
Carbon and graphene quantum dots (CQDs and GQDs), known as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, have been attracting increasing attention in sensing and bioimaging. Their unique electronic, fluorescent, photoluminescent, chemiluminescent, and electrochemiluminescent properties are what gives them potential in sensing. In this Review, we summarize the basic knowledge on CQDs and GQDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into CQDs- and GQD-based nanomaterials in sensing. With regard to the latter, the authors suggest that with the potential of these nanomaterials in sensing more research is needed on understanding their optical properties and why the synthetic methods influence their properties so much, into methods of surface functionalization that provide greater selectivity in sensing and into new sensing concepts that utilize the virtues of these nanomaterials to give us new or better sensors that could not be achieved in other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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12
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Cheng Z, Dong H, Liang J, Zhang F, Chen X, Du L, Tan K. Highly selective fluorescent visual detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate via blue fluorescent carbon dots and berberine chloride hydrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 207:262-269. [PMID: 30253323 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of emerging persistent organic pollutants, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its salts have caused global ecosystem pollution. To develop rapid, sensitive and low-cost detection method of PFOS is of great importance. In this work, a novel sensing method has been proposed for the highly selective fluorescent visual detection of PFOS in aqueous solution based on carbon dots (CDs) and berberine chloride hydrate (BH). It was found that the fluorescence of CDs decreased apparently in the presence of berberine chloride hydrate in pH 6.09 Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution. When PFOS was added to the system, the fluorescence was restored slightly at 448 nm and enhanced apparently at 533 nm, but no phenomenon occurred with other perfluorinated compounds. As a consequence, an obviously distinguishable fluorescence color variation (from blue to light yellow) of solution was observed. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the enhanced fluorescence intensities at 533 nm are in proportion to the concentration of PFOS in the range of 0.22-50.0 μmol/L (R2 = 0.9919), with a detection limit of 21.7 nmol/L (3σ). The proposed approach has been successfully applied to the detection of PFOS in environmental water samples with RSD ≤ 1.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hongcen Dong
- Class 12 Senior Grade 2018, High School Affiliated to Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, PR China
| | - Jiaman Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xianping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lingling Du
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kejun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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13
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Ji T, Fan P, Li X, Mei Z, Mao Y, Tian Y. EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon-dots and their Eu3+ complex: preparation and optical properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10645-10650. [PMID: 35515301 PMCID: PMC9062604 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon-dots (EDTA–C-dots) were prepared from carbon dot precursors and complexed with Eu3+ to give Eu3+-coordinated EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon dots (Eu–EDTA–C-dots). Whereas EDTA–C-dots were readily soluble in DMSO, Eu–EDTA–C-dots could not be easily dissolved in DMSO, water, or other common organic solvents. The newly prepared materials were thoroughly characterized. The X-ray diffraction results showed that no crystalline phase of Eu oxides (europium oxide or europium hydroxide) could be observed in Eu–EDTA–C-dots. The infrared and UV-Vis spectra showed that coordination with Eu3+ ions did not damage the structure of the EDTA–C-dots. It was found that EDTA could be easily grafted on the surface of carbon dots and EDTA had minimal influence on the photoluminescence of the carbon dot matrix. In contrast, the existence of Eu3+ ions strongly quenched the photoluminescence of Eu–EDTA–C-dots. The measured and fitted decay lifetime indicated that Eu–EDTA–C-dots possessed two photoluminescence decay processes, i.e., radiative recombination and non-radiative recombination. EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon-dots (EDTA–C-dots) were prepared from carbon dot precursors and complexed with Eu3+ to give Eu3+-coordinated EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon dots (Eu–EDTA–C-dots).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Ji
- Science College
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Peidong Fan
- Science College
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xueli Li
- Science College
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Zhipeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Yongyun Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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14
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Sahoo NK, Das S, Jana GC, Aktara MN, Patra A, Maji A, Beg M, Jha PK, Hossain M. Eco-friendly synthesis of a highly fluorescent carbon dots from spider silk and its application towards Hg (II) ions detection in real sample and living cells. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Khlestkin VK, Peltek SE, Kolchanov NA. Review of direct chemical and biochemical transformations of starch. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:460-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Zhao C, Jiao Y, Zhang L, Yang Y. One-step synthesis of S,B co-doped carbon dots and their application for selective and sensitive fluorescence detection of diethylstilbestrol. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
S,B co-doped carbon dots were synthesized, and their application in the detection of diethylstilbestrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Civil and environmental engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yunnan Jianniu Bio Technology Co., Ltd
- Kunming 650033
- China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- China
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17
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Yu S, Jiang C. Fluorescent carbon dots: rational synthesis, tunable optical properties and analytical applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current advances on the design and the employment of fluorescent carbon dots in sensing applications, especially from the point of analytical view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shaoming Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Changlong Jiang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
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18
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BAÇ B, GENÇ R. Naked eye and smartphone applicable detection of toxic mercury ions using fluorescent carbon nanodots. Turk J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1701-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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19
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Preparation of fluorescent N,P-doped carbon dots derived from adenosine 5′-monophosphate for use in multicolor bioimaging of adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Green and Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Sn (IV) and Mo (VI) Based on Boron and Nitrogen-Co-Doped Carbon Dots. J Fluoresc 2016; 27:651-657. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Carbon nanoparticle modified screen printed carbon electrode as a disposable electrochemical immunosensor strip for the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Liu B, Han S. Determination of trace hydrogen sulfide by using the permanganate induced chemiluminescence of carbon dots. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Shojaei TR, Salleh MAM, Sijam K, Rahim RA, Mohsenifar A, Safarnejad R, Tabatabaei M. Fluorometric immunoassay for detecting the plant virus Citrus tristeza using carbon nanoparticles acting as quenchers and antibodies labeled with CdTe quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Sonthanasamy RSA, Ahmad WYW, Fazry S, Hassan NI, Lazim AM. Transformation of crystalline starch nanoparticles into highly luminescent carbon nanodots: Toxicity studies and their applications. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:488-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Tao H, Liao X, Wu Q, Xie X, Zhong F, Yi Z, Qin M, Wu Z. Carbon dots as fluorescent probe for "off-on" Detecting sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:268-272. [PMID: 26318701 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an "off-on" approach for the detection of sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate (SDBS) using carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent probe. We firstly demonstrated that the fluorescence of CDs decreased apparently in the presence of ruthenium (Ru), and the system was thus "turn-off". The resulting CDs-Ru system was found to be sensitive to SDBS, SDBS not only serves to shelter the CDs effectively from being quenched, but also to reverse the quenching and restore the fluorescence due to its ability to remove Ru from the surface of CDs (turn-on). An eco-friendly, simple and sensitive platform for the detection of SDBS based on the CDs-Ru probes has been proposed. After the experimental conditions were optimized, the linear range for detection SDBS was 0.10-7.50 μg/mL, with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9988, detection limit was 0.033 μg/mL (3σ). This method is facile, rapid, low cost, environment-friendly, and possesses the potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Tao
- Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Xiufen Liao
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Testing Institute of Product Quality, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Qingyi Wu
- Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiangli Xie
- Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fuxin Zhong
- Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Mei Qin
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Testing Institute of Product Quality, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zhenli Wu
- Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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A review on syntheses, properties, characterization and bioanalytical applications of fluorescent carbon dots. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhan Z, Cai J, Wang Q, Su Y, Zhang L, Lv Y. Green synthesis of fluorescence carbon nanoparticles from yum and application in sensitive and selective detection of ATP. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 31:626-32. [PMID: 26359586 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CPs), a fascinating class of recently discovered nanocarbons, have been widely known as some of the most promising sensing probes in biological or chemical analysis. In this study, we demonstrate a green synthetic methodology for generating water-soluble CPs with a quantum yield of approximately 24% via a simple heating process using yum mucilage as a carbon source. The prepared carbon nanoparticles with an ~10 nm size possessed excellent fluorescence properties, and the fluorescence of the CPs was strongly quenched by Fe(3+), and recovered by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thus, an 'off' and 'on' system can be easily established. This 'CPs-Fe(3+)-ATP' strategy was sensitive and selective at detecting ATP with the linear range of 0.5 µmol L(-1) to 50 µmol L(-1) and with a detection limit of 0.48 µmol L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.,Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Department, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030008, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
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Hemoglobin detection using carbon dots as a fluorescence probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:470-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Amjadi M, Abolghasemi-Fakhri Z, Hallaj T. Carbon dots-silver nanoparticles fluorescence resonance energy transfer system as a novel turn-on fluorescent probe for selective determination of cysteine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Carbon dots: synthetic methods and applications as fluorescent probes for the detection of metal ions, inorganic anions and organic molecules. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Wei X, Jang G, Roper DK. Spectrophotometric determination of tin(II) by redox reaction using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride and N-bromosuccinimide. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815050159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Zheng XT, Ananthanarayanan A, Luo KQ, Chen P. Glowing graphene quantum dots and carbon dots: properties, syntheses, and biological applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1620-36. [PMID: 25521301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The emerging graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (C-dots) have gained tremendous attention for their enormous potentials for biomedical applications, owing to their unique and tunable photoluminescence properties, exceptional physicochemical properties, high photostability, biocompatibility, and small size. This article aims to update the latest results in this rapidly evolving field and to provide critical insights to inspire more exciting developments. We comparatively review the properties and synthesis methods of these carbon nanodots and place emphasis on their biological (both fundamental and theranostic) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ting Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore
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Miao P, Han K, Tang Y, Wang B, Lin T, Cheng W. Recent advances in carbon nanodots: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1586-95. [PMID: 25510876 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mini review is presented concerning the most recent research progress of carbon nanodots, which have emerged as one of the most attractive photoluminescent materials. Different synthetic methodologies to achieve advanced functions and better photoluminescence performances are summarized, which are mainly divided into two classes: top-down and bottom-up. The inspiring properties, including photoluminescence emission, chemiluminescence, electrochemical luminescence, peroxidase-like activity and toxicity, are discussed. Moreover, the biomedical applications in biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Miao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China.
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Hamishehkar H, Ghasemzadeh B, Naseri A, Salehi R, Rasoulzadeh F. Carbon dots preparation as a fluorescent sensing platform for highly efficient detection of Fe(III) ions in biological systems. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:934-9. [PMID: 26123510 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble carbon dots (CDs) were prepared, using a facile hydrothermal oxidation route of cyclic oligosaccharide α-CD, as carbon sources, and alkali as additives. The successful synthesis of CDs was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), FTIR, UV-visible absorption, and emission fluorescence. The characterizations showed that the prepared CDs are spherical and well-dispersed in water with average diameters of approximately 2 nm. These water-soluble CDs have excellent photo stability towards photo bleaching during 30 days. The obtained CDs showed a strong emission at the wavelength of 450 nm, with an optimum excitation of 360 nm. The fluorescence quenching of CDs in the presence of Fe(III) ions was used as fluorescent probes for quantifying Fe(III) ions in aqueous solution. Under optimum condition, the fluorescence intensity versus Fe(III) concentration gave a linear response, according to Stern-Volmer equation. The linearity range of the calibration curve and the limit of detection were 1.60×10(-5) to 16.6×10(-5) mol L(-1), and 6.05×10(-6) mol L(-1), respectively, which was in the range for serum analysis of Fe(III). It was concluded that the prepared CDs had a great potential as fluorescent probes for applications in analysis of Fe(III) ions in the blood serum samples, which is hardly interfered by other ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51644-14766, Iran
| | - Bahar Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666 16471, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666 16471, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51644-14766, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rasoulzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51644-14766, Iran.
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Mohapatra S, Sahu S, Sinha N, Bhutia SK. Synthesis of a carbon-dot-based photoluminescent probe for selective and ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+ in water and living cells. Analyst 2015; 140:1221-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulphur co-doped carbon dots with high PL quantum yield and photostability have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal synthesis and successfully used for bioimaging of Hg2+ in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela 769008
- India
| | - Swagatika Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela 769008
- India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Department of Life Science
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela 769008
- India
| | - Sujit K. Bhutia
- Department of Life Science
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela 769008
- India
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36
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Monitoring the activity and inhibition of alkaline phosphatase via quenching and restoration of the fluorescence of carbon dots. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Synthesis of nitrogen-doped and amino acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots from glycine, and their application to the fluorometric determination of ferric ion. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Liu J, Liu G, Zang L, Liu W. Calcein-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as a reusable fluorescent nanoprobe for copper(II) ion. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for the fluorescent detection of metal ions. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:61-71. [PMID: 25058940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (F-CNPs) as a new kind of fluorescent nanoparticles, have recently attracted considerable research interest in a wide range of applications due to their low-cost and good biocompatibility. The fluorescent detection of metal ions is one of the most important applications. In this review, we first present the general detection mechanism of F-CNPs for the fluorescent detection of metal ions, including fluorescence turn-off, fluorescence turn-on, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and ratiometric response. We then focus on the recent advances of F-CNPs in the fluorescent detection of metal ions, including Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), and other metal ions. Further, we discuss the research trends and future prospects of F-CNPs. We envision that more novel F-CNPs-based nanosensors with more accuracy and robustness will be widely used to assay and remove various metal ions, and there will be more practical applications in coming years.
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Ahmed GHG, Laíño RB, Calzón JAG, García MED. Highly fluorescent carbon dots as nanoprobes for sensitive and selective determination of 4-nitrophenol in surface waters. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Amjadi M, Manzoori JL, Hallaj T, Sorouraddin MH. Direct chemiluminescence of carbon dots induced by potassium ferricyanide and its analytical application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 122:715-720. [PMID: 24370936 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemiluminescence (CL) of water-soluble fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) induced by direct chemical oxidation was investigated. C-dots were prepared by solvothermal method and characterized by fluorescence spectra and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that K3Fe(CN)6 could directly oxidize C-dots to produce a relatively intense CL emission. The mechanism of CL generation was investigated based on the fluorescence and CL emission spectra and the effect of radical scavengers on the CL intensity. The inhibitive effect of some metal ions and biologically important molecules on the CL intensity of the system was examined and the potential of the system for the determination of these species at trace levels was studied. In order to evaluate the capability of method to real sample analysis, it was applied to the determination of Cr(VI) and adrenaline in water and injection samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amjadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Jamshid L Manzoori
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Tooba Hallaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Sorouraddin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
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Strong enhancement of the chemiluminescence of the cerium(IV)-thiosulfate reaction by carbon dots, and its application to the sensitive determination of dopamine. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Demchenko AP, Dekaliuk MO. Novel fluorescent carbonic nanomaterials for sensing and imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2013; 1:042001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/4/042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Integrated miniature fluorescent probe to leverage the sensing potential of ZnO quantum dots for the detection of copper (II) ions. Talanta 2013; 116:514-9. [PMID: 24148438 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles that can be utilised for sensing applications. This paper evaluates the ability to leverage their analytical potential using an integrated fluorescent sensing probe that is portable, cost effective and simple to handle. ZnO quantum dots were prepared using the simple sol-gel hydrolysis method at ambient conditions and found to be significantly and specifically quenched by copper (II) ions. This ZnO quantum dots system has been incorporated into an in-house developed miniature fluorescent probe for the detection of copper (II) ions in aqueous medium. The probe was developed using a low power handheld black light as excitation source and three photo-detectors as sensor. The sensing chamber placed between the light source and detectors was made of 4-sided clear quartz windows. The chamber was housed within a dark compartment to avoid stray light interference. The probe was operated using a microcontroller (Arduino Uno Revision 3) that has been programmed with the analytical response and the working algorithm of the electronics. The probe was sourced with a 12 V rechargeable battery pack and the analytical readouts were given directly using a LCD display panel. Analytical optimisations of the ZnO quantum dots system and the probe have been performed and further described. The probe was found to have a linear response range up to 0.45 mM (R(2)=0.9930) towards copper (II) ion with a limit of detection of 7.68×10(-7) M. The probe has high repeatable and reliable performance.
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