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Rodoplu Solovchuk D. Advances in AI-assisted biochip technology for biomedicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116997. [PMID: 38943990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of biochips with AI opened up new possibilities and is expected to revolutionize smart healthcare tools within the next five years. The combination of miniaturized, multi-functional, rapid, high-throughput sample processing and sensing capabilities of biochips, with the computational data processing and predictive power of AI, allows medical professionals to collect and analyze vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently, leading to more accurate and timely diagnoses and prognostic evaluations. Biochips, as smart healthcare devices, offer continuous monitoring of patient symptoms. Integrated virtual assistants have the potential to send predictive feedback to users and healthcare practitioners, paving the way for personalized and predictive medicine. This review explores the current state-of-the-art biochip technologies including gene-chips, organ-on-a-chips, and neural implants, and the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of AI-assisted biochips in medical practices such as cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. Choosing the appropriate AI model for a specific biomedical application, and possible solutions to the current challenges are explored. Surveying advances in machine learning models for biochip functionality, this paper offers a review of biochips for the future of biomedicine, an essential guide for keeping up with trends in healthcare, while inspiring cross-disciplinary collaboration among biomedical engineering, medicine, and machine learning fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Rodoplu Solovchuk
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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2
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Wu W, Mu Y. Microfluidic technologies for advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:031504. [PMID: 38855477 PMCID: PMC11162290 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is getting serious and becoming a threat to public health worldwide. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics is responsible for this situation. The standard methods used in clinical laboratories, to diagnose bacterial infections, identify pathogens, and determine susceptibility profiles, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, leaving the empirical antimicrobial therapy as the only option for the first treatment. To prevent the situation from getting worse, evidence-based therapy should be given. The choosing of effective drugs requires powerful diagnostic tools to provide comprehensive information on infections. Recent progress in microfluidics is pushing infection diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to be faster and easier. This review summarizes the recent development in microfluidic assays for rapid identification and AST in bacterial infections. Finally, we discuss the perspective of microfluidic-AST to develop the next-generation infection diagnosis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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3
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Lehnert T, Gijs MAM. Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1441-1493. [PMID: 38372324 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, including higher host organisms. The complex interactions within the human gut microbiota are crucial for metabolic functions, immune responses, and biochemical signalling, particularly through the gut-brain axis. Viruses also play important roles in biological processes, for example by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer when replicating inside living cells. On the other hand, infection of the human body by microbiological agents may lead to severe physiological disorders and diseases. Infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems, characterized by substantial variations in the epidemiological landscape. Fast spreading antibiotic resistance or uncontrolled outbreaks of communicable diseases are major challenges at present. Furthermore, delivering field-proven point-of-care diagnostic tools to the most severely affected populations in low-resource settings is particularly important and challenging. New paradigms and technological approaches enabling rapid and informed disease management need to be implemented. In this respect, infectious disease diagnostics taking advantage of microfluidic systems combined with integrated biosensor-based pathogen detection offers a host of innovative and promising solutions. In this review, we aim to outline recent activities and progress in the development of microfluidic diagnostic tools. Our literature research mainly covers the last 5 years. We will follow a classification scheme based on the human body systems primarily involved at the clinical level or on specific pathogen transmission modes. Important diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, will be addressed more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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Nikolic N, Anagnostidis V, Tiwari A, Chait R, Gielen F. Droplet-based methodology for investigating bacterial population dynamics in response to phage exposure. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260196. [PMID: 38075890 PMCID: PMC10703435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance worldwide has spurred efforts into the search for alternatives to antibiotic treatments. The use of bacteriophages, bacterial viruses harmless to humans, represents a promising approach with potential to treat bacterial infections (phage therapy). Recent advances in microscopy-based single-cell techniques have allowed researchers to develop new quantitative methodologies for assessing the interactions between bacteria and phages, especially the ability of phages to eradicate bacterial pathogen populations and to modulate growth of both commensal and pathogen populations. Here we combine droplet microfluidics with fluorescence time-lapse microscopy to characterize the growth and lysis dynamics of the bacterium Escherichia coli confined in droplets when challenged with phage. We investigated phages that promote lysis of infected E. coli cells, specifically, a phage species with DNA genome, T7 (Escherichia virus T7) and two phage species with RNA genomes, MS2 (Emesvirus zinderi) and Qβ (Qubevirus durum). Our microfluidic trapping device generated and immobilized picoliter-sized droplets, enabling stable imaging of bacterial growth and lysis in a temperature-controlled setup. Temporal information on bacterial population size was recorded for up to 25 h, allowing us to determine growth rates of bacterial populations and helping us uncover the extent and speed of phage infection. In the long-term, the development of novel microfluidic single-cell and population-level approaches will expedite research towards fundamental understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of rapid phage-induced lysis and eco-evolutionary aspects of bacteria-phage dynamics, and ultimately help identify key factors influencing the success of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Nikolic
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Translational Research Exchange @ Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Anagnostidis
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anuj Tiwari
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Remy Chait
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Gielen
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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5
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Ochoa A, Gastélum G, Rocha J, Olguin LF. High-throughput bacterial co-encapsulation in microfluidic gel beads for discovery of antibiotic-producing strains. Analyst 2023; 148:5762-5774. [PMID: 37843562 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria with antagonistic activity inhibit the growth of other bacteria through different mechanisms, including the production of antibiotics. As a result, these microorganisms are a prolific source of such compounds. However, searching for antibiotic-producing strains requires high-throughput techniques due to the vast diversity of microorganisms. Here, we screened and isolated bacteria with antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli expressing the green fluorescent protein (E. coli-GFP). We used microfluidics to co-encapsulate and co-culture single cells from different strains within picoliter gel beads and analyzed them using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). To test the methodology, we used three bacterial isolates obtained from Mexican maize, which exhibit high, moderate, or no antagonistic activity against E. coli-GFP, as determined previously using agar plate assays. Single cells from each strain were separately co-incubated into gel beads with E. coli-GFP. We monitored the development of the maize bacteria microcolonies and tracked the growth or inhibition of E. coli-GFP using bright-field and fluorescent microscopy. We correlated these images with distinctive light scatter and fluorescence signatures of each incubated bead type using FACS. This analysis enabled us to sort gel beads filled with an antagonistic strain, starting from a mixture of the three different types of maize bacteria and E. coli-GFP. Likewise, culturing the FACS-sorted beads on agar plates confirmed the isolation and recovery of the two antagonistic strains. In addition, enrichment assays demonstrated the methodology's effectiveness in isolating rare antibiotic-producer strains (0.01% abundance) present in a mixture of microorganisms. These results show that associating light side scatter and fluorescent flow cytometry signals with microscopy images provides valuable controls to establish successful high-throughput methods for sorting beads in which microbial interaction assays are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Gastélum
- Unidad Regional Hidalgo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo 42163, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Unidad Regional Hidalgo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo 42163, Mexico
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Luis F Olguin
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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Jiang X, Borkum T, Shprits S, Boen J, Arshavsky-Graham S, Rofman B, Strauss M, Colodner R, Sulam J, Halachmi S, Leonard H, Segal E. Accurate Prediction of Antimicrobial Susceptibility for Point-of-Care Testing of Urine in Less than 90 Minutes via iPRISM Cassettes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303285. [PMID: 37587020 PMCID: PMC10625094 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The extensive and improper use of antibiotics has led to a dramatic increase in the frequency of antibiotic resistance among human pathogens, complicating infectious disease treatments. In this work, a method for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is presented using microstructured silicon diffraction gratings integrated into prototype devices, which enhance bacteria-surface interactions and promote bacterial colonization. The silicon microstructures act also as optical sensors for monitoring bacterial growth upon exposure to antibiotics in a real-time and label-free manner via intensity-based phase-shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements (iPRISM). Rapid AST using clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from urine is established and the assay is applied directly on unprocessed urine samples from urinary tract infection patients. When coupled with a machine learning algorithm trained on clinical samples, the iPRISM AST is able to predict the resistance or susceptibility of a new clinical sample with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of ∼ 0.85 in 1 h, and AUC > 0.9 in 90 min, when compared to state-of-the-art automated AST methods used in the clinic while being an order of magnitude faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Talya Borkum
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Sagi Shprits
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3104800, Israel
| | - Joseph Boen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Clark 320B, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Baruch Rofman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Merav Strauss
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, 1834111, Israel
| | - Raul Colodner
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, 1834111, Israel
| | - Jeremias Sulam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Clark 320B, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sarel Halachmi
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3104800, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Heidi Leonard
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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7
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Zhang X, Yang Q, Ma L, Zhang D, Lin W, Schlensky N, Cheng H, Zheng Y, Luo X, Ding C, Zhang Y, Hou X, Lu F, Yan H, Wang R, Li CZ, Qu K. Automatically showing microbial growth kinetics with a high-performance microbial growth analyzer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115626. [PMID: 37643493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to show microbial growth kinetics online when they grow in complex matrices. We presented a novel strategy to address this challenge by developing a high-performance microbial growth analyzer (HPMGA), which employed a unique 32-channel capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector as a sensing element and fixed with a CellStatz software. It was capable of online showing accurate and repeatable growth curves of well-dispersed and bad-dispersed microbes, whether they grew in homogeneous simple culture broth or heterogeneous complex matrices. Moreover, it could automatically report key growth kinetics parameters. In comparison to optical density (OD), plate counting and broth microdilution (BMD) methods, we demonstrated its practicability in five scenarios: 1) the illustration of the growth, growth rate, and acceleration curves of Escherichia coli (E. coli); 2) the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Oxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); 3) the determination of Ag nanoparticle toxicity on Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri); 4) the characterization of milk fermentation; and 5) the enumeration of viable pathogenic Vibrio in shrimp body. Results highlighted that the HPMGA method had the advantages of universality and effectivity. This technology would significantly facilitate the routine analysis of microbial growth in many fields (biology, medicine, clinic, life, food, environment, and ecology), paving an avenue for microbiologists to achieve research goals that have been inhibited for years due to a lack of practical analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liangyu Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Wentao Lin
- eDAQ Pty Ltd, 6 Doig Ave, Denistone East, NSW, 2112, Australia
| | - Nick Schlensky
- eDAQ Pty Ltd, 6 Doig Ave, Denistone East, NSW, 2112, Australia
| | - Hongrui Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Xiliang Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiangyi Hou
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ruoju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Biosensors & Bioelectronics Center, Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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8
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Zhang D, Yin F, Qin Q, Qiao L. Molecular responses during bacterial filamentation reveal inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301170120. [PMID: 37364094 PMCID: PMC10318954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most significant challenges to current human society. Exposing bacteria to antibiotics can activate their self-saving responses, e.g., filamentation, leading to the development of bacterial AMR. Understanding the molecular changes during the self-saving responses can reveal new inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria. Herein, we used an online microfluidics mass spectrometry system for real-time characterization of metabolic changes of bacteria during filamentation under the stimulus of antibiotics. Significant pathways, e.g., nucleotide metabolism and coenzyme A biosynthesis, correlated to the filamentation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) were identified. A cyclic dinucleotide, c-di-GMP, which is derived from nucleotide metabolism and reported closely related to bacterial resistance and tolerance, was observed significantly up-regulated during the bacterial filamentation. By using a chemical inhibitor, ebselen, to inhibit diguanylate cyclases which catalyzes the synthesis of c-di-GMP, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone against ESBL-E. coli was significantly decreased. This inhibitory effect was also verified with other ESBL-E. coli strains and other beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin. A mutant strain of ESBL-E. coli by knocking out the dgcM gene was used to demonstrate that the inhibition of the antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams by ebselen was mediated through the inhibition of the diguanylate cyclase DgcM and the modulation of c-di-GMP levels. Our study uncovers the molecular changes during bacterial filamentation and proposes a method to inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria by combining traditional antibiotics and chemical inhibitors against the enzymes involved in bacterial self-saving responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Changhai Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
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Zhou J, Huang J, Huang H, Zhao C, Zou M, Liu D, Weng X, Liu L, Qu J, Liu L, Liao C, Wang Y. Fiber-integrated cantilever-based nanomechanical biosensors as a tool for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1862-1873. [PMID: 37206142 PMCID: PMC10191643 DOI: 10.1364/boe.484015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing rapid and affordable antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) technologies to inhibit the overuse of antibiotics. In this study, a novel microcantilever nanomechanical biosensor based on Fabry-Pérot interference demodulation was developed for AST. To construct the biosensor, a cantilever was integrated with the single mode fiber in order to form the Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI). After the attachment of bacteria on the cantilever, the fluctuations of cantilever caused by the bacterial movements were detected by monitoring the changes of resonance wavelength in the interference spectrum. We applied this methodology to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, showing the amplitude of cantilever's fluctuations was positively related on the quantity of bacteria immobilized on the cantilever and associated with the bacterial metabolism. The response of bacteria to antibiotics was dependent on the types of bacteria, the types and concentrations of antibiotics. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for Escherichia coli were obtained within 30 minutes, demonstrating the capacity of this method for rapid AST. Benefiting from the simplicity and portability of the optical fiber FPI-based nanomotion detection device, the developed nanomechanical biosensor in this study provides a promising technique for AST and a more rapid alternative for clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haoqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Mengqiang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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10
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Recent advances of integrated microfluidic systems for fungal and bacterial analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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David S, Munteanu RE, Tițoiu AM, Petcu IC, Cernat IC, Leancu C, Gheorghiu M, Gheorghiu E. Direct, Rapid Detection of Pathogens from Urine Samples. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15217640. [PMID: 36363232 PMCID: PMC9656601 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The problem of rapidly detecting pathogens directly from clinical samples poses significant analytical challenges. Addressing this issue in relation to urinary tract infections, we propose an effective protocol and related immunomagnetic test kits enabling versatile screening for the presence of pathogenic bacteria in unprocessed urine samples. To achieve this, the components of a typical immunomagnetic separation protocol were optimized towards the sensitive assessment of the aggregates formed out of immunomagnetically tagged target pathogens collected from clinical samples. Specifically, a dedicated immunomagnetic material was developed via the functionalization of standardized, micron-sized magnetic beads with generic antibodies against gram-specific bacterial constituents with mannan binding lectin. As such, we demonstrate efficient procedures for achieving the enhanced, specific, and pathogen-mediated cluster formation of these tailored affinity-coated magnetic beads in complex samples. We further show how cluster analysis, in conjunction with the use of nonspecific, inexpensive fluorescent dye, allows for a straightforward optical assessment of the bacterial load directly from urine samples. The optimized sensing protocol and related kits provide, in less than 60 min, qualitative (positive/negative) information on the bacterial load with 85% specificity and 96% sensitivity, which is appropriate to empower clinical microscopy with a new analytic dimension. The procedure is prone to automation, can be conveniently used in clinical microbiology laboratories and, since it preserves the viability of the captured bacteria, can be interfaced with downstream analyses and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Moreover, the study emphasizes a suite of practical validation assays that are useful for bringing the tool-box of immunomagnetic materials outside the academic laboratory and into real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin David
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Intrarea Portocalelor 1B, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Elena Munteanu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Intrarea Portocalelor 1B, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Tițoiu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Intrarea Portocalelor 1B, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela-Cristina Petcu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Intrarea Portocalelor 1B, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Cristina Cernat
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Intrarea Portocalelor 1B, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Leancu
- Laboratoarele SynLab, Bld. Tudor Vladimirescu nr.29, 050881 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gheorghiu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Intrarea Portocalelor 1B, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugen Gheorghiu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Intrarea Portocalelor 1B, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Postek W, Pacocha N, Garstecki P. Microfluidics for antibiotic susceptibility testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3637-3662. [PMID: 36069631 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Rapid and comprehensive analysis of infectious strains is critical to reducing the global use of antibiotics, as informed antibiotic use could slow down the emergence of resistant strains worldwide. Multiple platforms for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) have been developed with the use of microfluidic solutions. Here we describe microfluidic systems that have been proposed to aid AST. We identify the key contributions in overcoming outstanding challenges associated with the required degree of multiplexing, reduction of detection time, scalability, ease of use, and capacity for commercialization. We introduce the reader to microfluidics in general, and we analyze the challenges and opportunities related to the field of microfluidic AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Postek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Merkin Building, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Natalia Pacocha
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
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13
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Péter B, Farkas E, Kurunczi S, Szittner Z, Bősze S, Ramsden JJ, Szekacs I, Horvath R. Review of Label-Free Monitoring of Bacteria: From Challenging Practical Applications to Basic Research Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040188. [PMID: 35448248 PMCID: PMC9026780 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel biosensors already provide a fast way to detect the adhesion of whole bacteria (or parts of them), biofilm formation, and the effect of antibiotics. Moreover, the detection sensitivities of recent sensor technologies are large enough to investigate molecular-scale biological processes. Usually, these measurements can be performed in real time without using labeling. Despite these excellent capabilities summarized in the present work, the application of novel, label-free sensor technologies in basic biological research is still rare; the literature is dominated by heuristic work, mostly monitoring the presence and amount of a given analyte. The aims of this review are (i) to give an overview of the present status of label-free biosensors in bacteria monitoring, and (ii) to summarize potential novel directions with biological relevancies to initiate future development. Optical, mechanical, and electrical sensing technologies are all discussed with their detailed capabilities in bacteria monitoring. In order to review potential future applications of the outlined techniques in bacteria research, we summarize the most important kinetic processes relevant to the adhesion and survival of bacterial cells. These processes are potential targets of kinetic investigations employing modern label-free technologies in order to reveal new fundamental aspects. Resistance to antibacterials and to other antimicrobial agents, the most important biological mechanisms in bacterial adhesion and strategies to control adhesion, as well as bacteria-mammalian host cell interactions are all discussed with key relevancies to the future development and applications of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Péter
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Eniko Farkas
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Sandor Kurunczi
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Zoltán Szittner
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1120 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Public Health Center, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Clore Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1AD, UK;
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (R.H.)
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14
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Postek W, Garstecki P. Droplet Microfluidics for High-Throughput Analysis of Antibiotic Susceptibility in Bacterial Cells and Populations. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:605-615. [PMID: 35119826 PMCID: PMC8892833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasing concern both in everyday life and specialized environments such as healthcare. As the rate of antibiotic-resistant infections rises, so do complications to health and the risk of disability and death. Urgent action is required regarding the discovery of new antibiotics and rapid diagnosis of the resistance profile of an infectious pathogen as well as a better understanding of population and single-cell distribution of the resistance level. High-throughput screening is the major affordance of droplet microfluidics. Droplet screens can be exploited both to look for combinations of drugs that could stop an infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and to search for the source of resistance via directed-evolution experiments or the analysis of various responses to a drug by genetically identical bacteria. In droplet techniques that have been used in this way for over a decade, aqueous droplets containing antibiotics and bacteria are manipulated both within and outside of the microfluidic devices. The diagnostics problem was approached by producing a series of microfluidic systems with integrated dilution modules for automated preparation of antibiotic concentration gradients, achieving the speed that allowed for high-throughput combinatorial assays. We developed a method for automated emulsification of a series of samples that facilitated measuring the resistance levels of thousands of individual cells encapsulated in droplets and quantifying the inoculum effect, the dependence of resistance level on bacterial cell count. Screening of single cells encapsulated in droplets with varying antibiotic contents has revealed a distribution of resistance levels within populations of clonally identical cells. To be able to screen bacteria from clinical samples, a study of fluorescent dyes in droplets determined that a derivative of a popular viability marker is more suitable for droplet assays. We have developed a detection system that analyzes the growth or death state of bacteria with antibiotics for thousands of droplets per second by measuring the scattering of light hitting the droplets without labeling the cells or droplets. The droplet-based microchemostats enabled long-term evolution of resistance experiments, which will be integrated with high-throughput single-cell assays to better understand the mechanism of resistance acquisition and loss. These techniques underlie automated combinatorial screens of antibiotic resistance in single cells from clinical samples. We hope that this Account will inspire new droplet-based research on the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Postek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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15
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Taylor D, Verdon N, Lomax P, Allen RJ, Titmuss S. Tracking the stochastic growth of bacterial populations in microfluidic droplets. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [PMID: 35042205 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac4c9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial growth in microfluidic droplets is relevant in biotechnology, in microbial ecology, and in understanding stochastic population dynamics in small populations. However, it has proved challenging to automate measurement of absolute bacterial numbers within droplets, forcing the use of proxy measures for population size. Here we present a microfluidic device and imaging protocol that allows high-resolution imaging of thousands of droplets, such that individual bacteria stay in the focal plane and can be counted automatically. Using this approach, we track the stochastic growth of hundreds of replicate Escherichia coli populations within droplets. {We find that, for early times, the statistics of the growth trajectories obey the predictions of the Bellman-Harris model, in which there is no inheritance of division time. Our approach should allow further testing of models for stochastic growth dynamics, as well as contributing to broader applications of droplet-based bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taylor
- The University of Edinburgh School of Physics and Astronomy, JCMB, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Nia Verdon
- The University of Edinburgh School of Physics and Astronomy, JCMB, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Peter Lomax
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The University of Edinburgh Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Rosalind J Allen
- Theoretical Microbial Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Buchaer Strasse 6, Jena, Thüringen, 07749, GERMANY
| | - Simon Titmuss
- The University of Edinburgh School of Physics and Astronomy, JCMB, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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16
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Kerk YJ, Jameel A, Xing X, Zhang C. Recent advances of integrated microfluidic suspension cell culture system. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY 2021; 5:103-119. [PMID: 36970555 PMCID: PMC9996741 DOI: 10.1049/enb2.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices with superior microscale fluid manipulation ability and large integration flexibility offer great advantages of high throughput, parallelisation and multifunctional automation. Such features have been extensively utilised to facilitate cell culture processes such as cell capturing and culturing under controllable and monitored conditions for cell-based assays. Incorporating functional components and microfabricated configurations offered different levels of fluid control and cell manipulation strategies to meet diverse culture demands. This review will discuss the advances of single-phase flow and droplet-based integrated microfluidic suspension cell culture systems and their applications for accelerated bioprocess development, high-throughput cell selection, drug screening and scientific research to insight cell biology. Challenges and future prospects for this dynamically developing field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jing Kerk
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Aysha Jameel
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin‐Hui Xing
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial BiocatalysisDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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17
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Amirifar L, Besanjideh M, Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Nasrollahi F, de Barros NR, Davoodi E, Erdem A, Mahmoodi M, Hosseini V, Montazerian H, Jahangiry J, Darabi MA, Haghniaz R, Dokmeci MR, Annabi N, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical applications. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34781274 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac39a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been employed to manipulate discrete fluid volumes with immiscible phases. Creating the fluid droplets at microscale has led to a paradigm shift in mixing, sorting, encapsulation, sensing, and designing high throughput devices for biomedical applications. Droplet microfluidics has opened many opportunities in microparticle synthesis, molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and cell biology. In the present review, we first introduce standard methods for droplet generation (i.e., passive and active methods) and discuss the latest examples of emulsification and particle synthesis approaches enabled by microfluidic platforms. Then, the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in different biomedical applications are detailed. Finally, a general overview of the latest trends along with the perspectives and future potentials in the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Amirifar
- Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohsen Besanjideh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Jamileh Jahangiry
- University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
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18
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Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Using Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use and mismanagement of antibiotics over the last eight decades have led to one of the main challenges humanity will have to face in the next twenty years in terms of public health and economy, i.e., antimicrobial resistance. One of the key approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance is clinical, livestock, and environmental surveillance applying methods capable of effectively identifying antimicrobial non-susceptibility as well as genes that promote resistance. Current clinical laboratory practices involve conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods, taking over 24 h to find out which medication should be prescribed to treat the infection. Although there are techniques that provide rapid resistance detection, it is necessary to have new tools that are easy to operate, are robust, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive. Chemical sensors and biosensors are devices that could have the necessary characteristics for the rapid diagnosis of resistant microorganisms and could provide crucial information on the choice of antibiotic (or other antimicrobial medicines) to be administered. This review provides an overview on novel biosensing strategies for the phenotypic and genotypic determination of antimicrobial resistance and a perspective on the use of these tools in modern health-care and environmental surveillance.
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19
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A simple magnetic-assisted microfluidic method for rapid detection and phenotypic characterization of ultralow concentrations of bacteria. Talanta 2021; 230:122291. [PMID: 33934763 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and enumeration of bacteria at ultralow concentrations and antibiotic resistance profiling are of great importance for early diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia. In this work, we describe a simple, rapid, and versatile magnetic-assisted microfluidic method for rapid bacterial detection. The developed method enables magnetophoretic loading of bead-captured bacteria into the microfluidic chamber under external static and dynamic magnetic fields in 4 min. A shallow microfluidic chamber design that enables the monolayer orientation and transportation of the beads and a glass substrate with a thickness of 0.17 mm was utilized to allow high-resolution fluorescence imaging for quantitative detection. Escherichia coli (E. coli) with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing gene and streptavidin-modified superparamagnetic microbeads were used as model bacteria and capturing beads, respectively. The specificity of the method was validated using Lactobacillus gasseri as a negative control group. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values were determined as 2 CFU/ml and 10 CFU/ml of E. coli, respectively. The magnetic-assisted microfluidic method is a versatile tool for the detection of ultralow concentrations of viable bacteria with the linear range of 5-5000 CFU/ml E. coli in 1 h, and providing growth curves and phenotypic characterization bead-captured E. coli in the following 5 h of incubation. Our results are promising for future rapid and sensitive antibiotic susceptibility testing of ultralow numbers of viable cells.
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20
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Lee WB, Chien CC, You HL, Kuo FC, Lee MS, Lee GB. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests on an integrated microfluidic device for precision medicine of antibiotics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 176:112890. [PMID: 33349537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an integrated microfluidic device that was capable of executing rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests with one, two, or even three antibiotics against two clinically isolated multi-drug-resistant bacteria strains (including carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Bacteria were automatically mixed for 10 min with serially diluted antibiotics with a novel, membrane-type micromixer consisting of two circular micropumps, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were then determined via simple colorimetric reactions in only 4.5-6 h using only 3 μL of bacteria sample of each reaction (as opposed to 24 h and 50 μL, respectively, with the conventional broth micro-dilution method). In addition to determining MICs of antibiotics (ceftazidime, gentamicin, meropenem, vancomycin and linezolid), interaction effects across antibiotics combinations (gentamicin/meropenem or ceftazidime/gentamicin/meropenem) at different dosages were explored. The efficacy of polypharmacy showed additivity when gentamicin or ceftazidime/gentamicin were combined with meropenem to treat carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. This represents the first time that the perplexing clinical decision to choose multiple antibiotics for combination therapy against drug resistant bacteria can be realized on an integrated microfluidic device within 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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21
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yin F, Qin Q, Bi H, Liu B, Qiao L. Microfluidic filter device coupled mass spectrometry for rapid bacterial antimicrobial resistance analysis. Analyst 2020; 146:515-520. [PMID: 33215621 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming increasingly serious. Bacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which can hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics, are among the most important drug resistant bacteria. Rapid AMR analysis methods are essential for identifying antibiotic resistant bacteria, which is of significant positive value to the clinical therapy of infectious disease. We developed a platform which integrates a sandwich microfluidic filter device with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Bacterial cells were loaded in the sandwich microfluidic chip and antibiotic drugs were injected to pass through the blocked bacterial cells. By online ESI-MS analysis of the antibiotic drugs and their hydrolysis products, the AMR of the bacteria can be assessed within 30 minutes. Four Escherichia coli strains, namely two ESBL-positive and two ESBL-negative, were successfully discriminated using ampicillin and the third generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone. Considering the simplicity and high efficiency of the assay, the microfluidic chip integrated online ESI-MS system is promising in the rapid clinical diagnosis of ESBL-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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22
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Gas Crosstalk between PFPE-PEG-PFPE Triblock Copolymer Surfactant-Based Microdroplets and Monitoring Bacterial Gas Metabolism with Droplet-Based Microfluidics. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10110172. [PMID: 33187348 PMCID: PMC7697390 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The PFPE–PEG–PFPE (Perfluoropolyether-polyethylene glycol-perfluoropolyether) surfactant has been used in droplet-based microfluidics and is known to provide high droplet stability and biocompatibility. Since this surfactant ensures the stability of droplets, droplet-based microfluidic systems have been widely used to encapsulate and analyze various biological components at the single-molecule scale, including viruses, bacteria, nucleic acids and proteins. In this study, we experimentally confirmed that gas crosstalk occurred between droplets formed by fluorinated oil and the PFPE–PEG–PFPE surfactant. E. coli K-12 bacterial cells were encapsulated with Luria–Bertani broth within droplets for the cultivation, and gas crosstalk was identified with neighboring droplets that contain phenol red. Since bacteria produce ammonia gas during its metabolism, penetration of ammonia gas initiates a color change of phenol red-containing droplets. Ammonia gas exchange was also confirmed by reacting ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide within droplets that encapsulated. Herein, we demonstrate the gas crosstalk issue between droplets when it is formed using the PFPE–PEG–PFPE surfactant and also confirm that the density of droplet barrier has effects on gas crosstalk. Our results also suggest that droplet-based microfluidics can be used for the monitoring of living bacteria by the determination of bacterial metabolites during cultivation.
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23
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Development of an Inverted Epifluorescence Microscope for Long-Term Monitoring of Bacteria in Multiplexed Microfluidic Devices. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154140. [PMID: 32722401 PMCID: PMC7435752 DOI: 10.3390/s20154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing more efficient methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing is a pressing issue in novel drug development as bacterial resistance to antibiotics becomes increasingly common. Microfluidic devices have been demonstrated to be powerful platforms that allow researchers to perform multiplexed antibiotic testing. However, the level of multiplexing within microdevices is limited, evidencing the need of creating simple, low-cost and high-resolution imaging systems that can be integrated in antibiotic development pipelines. This paper describes the design and development of an epifluorescence inverted microscope that enables long-term monitoring of bacteria inside multiplexed microfluidic devices. The goal of this work is to provide a simple microscope powerful enough to allow single-cell analysis of bacteria at a reduced cost. This facilitates increasing the number of microscopes that are simultaneously used for antibiotic testing. We prove that the designed system is able to accurately detect fluorescent beads of 100 nm, demonstrating comparable features to high-end commercial microscopes and effectively achieving the resolution required for single-cell analysis of bacteria. The proposed microscope could thus increase the efficiency in antibiotic testing while reducing cost, size, weight, and power requirements, contributing to the successful development of new antibiotic drugs.
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24
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Dietvorst J, Vilaplana L, Uria N, Marco MP, Muñoz-Berbel X. Current and near-future technologies for antibiotic susceptibility testing and resistant bacteria detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Ma L, Petersen M, Lu X. Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Campylobacter Using a Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip Device. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00096-20. [PMID: 32111591 PMCID: PMC7170473 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00096-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. have been recognized as major foodborne pathogens worldwide. An increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including Campylobacter spp., have been identified to transmit from food products to humans and cause severe threats to public health. To better mitigate the antibiotic resistance crisis, rapid detection methods are required to provide timely antimicrobial resistance surveillance data for agri-food systems. Herein, we developed a polymer-based microfluidic device for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Campylobacter spp. An array of bacterial incubation chambers were created in the microfluidic device, where chromogenic medium and antibiotics were loaded. The growth of Campylobacter spp. was visualized by color change due to chromogenic reactions. This platform achieved 100% specificity for Campylobacter identification. Sensitive detection of multiple Campylobacter species (C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari) was obtained in artificially contaminated milk and poultry meat, with detection limits down to 1 × 102 CFU/ml and 1 × 104 CFU/25 g, respectively. On-chip AST determined Campylobacter antibiotic susceptibilities by the lowest concentration of antibiotics that can inhibit bacterial growth (i.e., no color change observed). High coincidences (91% to 100%) of on-chip AST and the conventional agar dilution method were achieved against several clinically important antibiotics. For a presumptive colony, on-chip identification and AST were completed in parallel within 24 h, whereas standard methods, including biochemical assays and traditional culture-based AST, take several days for multiple sequential steps. In conclusion, this lab-on-a-chip device can achieve rapid and reliable detection of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp.IMPORTANCE Increasing concerns of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. with regard to public health emphasize the importance of efficient and fast detection. This study described the timely identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. by using a microfluidic device. Our developed method not only reduced the total analysis time, but it also simplified food sample preparation and chip operation for end users. Due to the miniaturized size of the lab-on-a-chip platform, the detection was achieved by using up to 1,000 times less of the reagents than with standard reference methods, making it a competitive approach for rapid screening and surveillance study in food industries. In addition, multiple clinically important Campylobacter species (C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari) could be tested by our device. This device has potential for wide application in food safety management and clinical diagnostics, especially in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marlen Petersen
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Chang KW, Cheng HW, Shiue J, Wang JK, Wang YL, Huang NT. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in a Microfluidic System. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10988-10995. [PMID: 31387345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) is essential in clinical diagnosis of serious bacterial infection, such as sepsis, while it typically takes 2-5 days for sample culture, antibiotic treatment, and reading result. Detecting metabolites secreted from bacteria with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibility, reducing the AST time to 1-2 days. However, it still requires 1 day of culture time to obtain sufficient quantity of bacteria for sample washing, bacterial extraction, and antibiotic treatment. Additionally, the whole procedure, manually performed in open environment, often suffers from contamination and human error. To address the above problems, a microfluidic system integrating membrane filtration and the SERS-active substrate (MF-SERS) was developed to perform on-chip bacterial enrichment, metabolite collection, and in situ SERS measurements for antibiotic susceptibility test. Using Escherichia coli as the prototype bacterium, the lowest SERS detection limit of bacterial concentration of the MF-SERS system is 103 CFU/mL, which is 4 orders of magnitude lower than that using centrifugation-purification procedure, significantly shortening the bacterial culture time. The bacteria and secreted metabolites are enclosed during bacterial trapping, metabolite filtration, and SERS detection, thus minimizing possible contamination and human errors. Finally, the successful demonstration of AST on E. coli with a concentration of 103 CFU/mL is presented. Overall, the MF-SERS system with a miniature size and well-confined microenvironment allows the integration of multiple bacteria processes for bacterial enrichment, culture, and determination of AST.
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Behera B, Anil Vishnu GK, Chatterjee S, Sitaramgupta V VSN, Sreekumar N, Nagabhushan A, Rajendran N, Prathik BH, Pandya HJ. Emerging technologies for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111552. [PMID: 31421358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superbugs such as infectious bacteria pose a great threat to humanity due to an increase in bacterial mortality leading to clinical treatment failure, lengthy hospital stay, intravenous therapy and accretion of bacteraemia. These disease-causing bacteria gain resistance to drugs over time which further complicates the treatment. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance is therefore necessary so that bacterial infectious diseases can be diagnosed rapidly. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) provides valuable information on the efficacy of antibiotic agents and their dosages for treatment against bacterial infections. In clinical laboratories, most widely used AST methods are disk diffusion, gradient diffusion, broth dilution, or commercially available semi-automated systems. Though these methods are cost-effective and accurate, they are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and require skilled manpower. Recently much attention has been on developing rapid AST techniques to avoid misuse of antibiotics and provide effective treatment. In this review, we have discussed emerging engineering AST techniques with special emphasis on phenotypic AST. These techniques include fluorescence imaging along with computational image processing, surface plasmon resonance, Raman spectra, and laser tweezer as well as micro/nanotechnology-based device such as microfluidics, microdroplets, and microchamber. The mechanical and electrical behaviour of single bacterial cell and bacterial suspension for the study of AST is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Behera
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - G K Anil Vishnu
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - V S N Sitaramgupta V
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Niranjana Sreekumar
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Apoorva Nagabhushan
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - B H Prathik
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Hardik J Pandya
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Drabińska N, de Lacy Costello B, Hewett K, Smart A, Ratcliffe N. From fast identification to resistance testing: Volatile compound profiling as a novel diagnostic tool for detection of antibiotic susceptibility. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kang W, Sarkar S, Lin ZS, McKenney S, Konry T. Ultrafast Parallelized Microfluidic Platform for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6242-6249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhi Shen Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Seamus McKenney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Alkayyali T, Cameron T, Haltli B, Kerr R, Ahmadi A. Microfluidic and cross-linking methods for encapsulation of living cells and bacteria - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1053:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kim S, Masum F, Jeon JS. Recent Developments of Chip-based Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nanotheranostics Approaches in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance. Nanotheranostics 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29768-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Postek W, Gargulinski P, Scheler O, Kaminski TS, Garstecki P. Microfluidic screening of antibiotic susceptibility at a single-cell level shows the inoculum effect of cefotaxime on E. coli. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3668-3677. [PMID: 30375609 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of antibiotic susceptibility at the level of single cells is important as it reveals the concentration of an antibiotic that leads to drug resistance in bacterial strains. To date, no solution for large-scale studies of antibiotic susceptibility at the single-cell level has been shown. Here, we present a method for production and separation of emulsions consisting of subnanoliter droplets that allows us to identify each emulsion by their spatial position in the train of emulsions without chemical barcoding. The emulsions of droplets are separated by a third immiscible phase, thus forming large compartments-tankers-each filled with an emulsion of droplet reactors. Each tanker in a train can be set under different reaction conditions for hundreds or thousands of replications of the same reaction. The tankers allow for long term incubation - needed to check for growth of bacteria under a screen of conditions. We use microfluidic tankers to analyze susceptibility to cefotaxime in ca. 1900 replications for each concentration of the antibiotic in one experiment. We test cefotaxime susceptibility for different initial concentrations of bacteria, showing the inoculum effect down to the level of single cells for more than a hundred single-cell events per tanker. Lastly, we use tankers to observe the formation of aggregates of bacteria in the presence of cefotaxime in the increasing concentration of the antibiotic. The microfluidic tankers allow for facile studies of the inoculum effect and antibiotic susceptibility, and constitute an attractive, label-free screening method for a variety of other experiments in chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Postek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Pawel Gargulinski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Ott Scheler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland. and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, TalTech, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tomasz S Kaminski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
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Leonard H, Colodner R, Halachmi S, Segal E. Recent Advances in the Race to Design a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Antimicrobial Resistance. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2202-2217. [PMID: 30350967 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Even with advances in antibiotic therapies, bacterial infections persistently plague society and have amounted to one of the most prevalent issues in healthcare today. Moreover, the improper and excessive administration of antibiotics has led to resistance of many pathogens to prescribed therapies, rendering such antibiotics ineffective against infections. While the identification and detection of bacteria in a patient's sample is critical for point-of-care diagnostics and in a clinical setting, the consequent determination of the correct antibiotic for a patient-tailored therapy is equally crucial. As a result, many recent research efforts have been focused on the development of sensors and systems that correctly guide a physician to the best antibiotic to prescribe for an infection, which can in turn, significantly reduce the instances of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of bacteria "superbugs." This review details the advantages and shortcomings of the recent advances (focusing from 2016 and onward) made in the developments of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) measurements. Detection of antibiotic resistance by genomic AST techniques relies on the prediction of antibiotic resistance via extracted bacterial DNA content, while phenotypic determinations typically track physiological changes in cells and/or populations exposed to antibiotics. Regardless of the method used for AST, factors such as cost, scalability, and assay time need to be weighed into their design. With all of the expansive innovation in the field, which technology and sensing systems demonstrate the potential to detect antimicrobial resistance in a clinical setting?
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leonard
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 3200003
| | - Raul Colodner
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel 18101
| | - Sarel Halachmi
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel 3104800
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 3200003
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 3200003
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Wang JC, Chi SW, Yang TH, Chuang HS. Label-Free Monitoring of Microorganisms and Their Responses to Antibiotics Based on Self-Powered Microbead Sensors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2182-2190. [PMID: 30221509 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of bacteria and their susceptibility to specific antibiotics plays a vital role in microbial infection treatments. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a common measure to select effective drugs. However, the conventional practices, such as broth dilution, E-test, and disk diffusion, in clinical applications require a long turnaround time (∼3 days), thereby compromising treatments and increasing mortality. This study presents self-powered sensors for on-site microorganism monitoring and rapid AST based on functionalized microbeads. The microbead sensors are driven by Brownian motion, rendering external power unnecessary. Fluorescent microbeads ( dp = 2 μm) were coated with vancomycin to capture bacteria. The growth and responses of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus under antibiotic treatment were evaluated. The method showed stable selective binding despite the presence of some interferential substances, such as proteins and cells. Diffusivity change was strongly related to bacterial concentration. Accordingly, the diffusivity values of microbeads bound with motile and nonmotile bacteria exhibited specific patterns because of extra motility from microbes and increased particle diameter. Only a drop of microbead-bacteria suspension (∼5 μL) was needed in a microchip for each measurement. The microchip provided a steady environment for measurement over a few hours. By distinguishing the slope of the last four data points in the temporal diffusivity curve, bacterial susceptibility or resistance to specific antibiotics could be determined within a time frame of 2 h. The study provides insights into saving more lives by using a fast and robust AST technique in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Cheng Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan 710
| | | | - Tai-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan 701
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Impedimetric detection of bacteria by using a microfluidic chip and silver nanoparticle based signal enhancement. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:184. [PMID: 29594583 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a method that can significantly improve the performance of impedimetric detection of bacteria. A multifunctional microfluidic chip was designed consisting of interdigitated microelectrodes and a micro-mixing zone with a Tesla structure. This maximizes the coating of bacterial surfaces with nanoparticles and results in improved impedimetric detection. The method was applied to the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli). Silver enhancement was accomplished by coating E.coli with the cationic polymer diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) to form positively charged E. coli/PDDA complexes. Then, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were added, and the resulting E. coli/PDDA/AuNPs complexes were collected at interdigitated electrodes via positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP). A silver adduct was then formed on the E. coli/PDDA/AuNP complexes by using silver enhancement solutions and by using the AuNPs as catalysts. The combination of pDEP based capture and of using silver adducts reduces impedance by increasing the conductivity of the solution and the double layer capacitance around the microelectrodes. Impedance decreases linearly in the 2 × 103-2 × 105 cfu·mL-1 E. coli concentration range, with a 500 cfu·mL-1 detection limit. Egg shell wash samples and tap water spiked with E. coli were successfully used for validation, and this demonstrates the practical application of this method. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the AuNP@Ag enhancement method integrated with multifunctional microfluidic chip platform for impedimetric quantitation of bacteria. The method significantly improves the performance of impedimetric detection of bacteria.
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Chen Q, Zhang L, Feng Y, Shi F, Wang Y, Wang P, Liu L. Dual-functional peptide conjugated gold nanorods for the detection and photothermal ablation of pathogenic bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7643-7651. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Au@peptide937 nanorods for detecting bacteria by specific binding and killing bacteria due to the local hyperthermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yonghai Feng
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Center
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- School of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Center
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- School of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Center
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- School of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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