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Kim MJ, Haizan I, Ahn MJ, Park DH, Choi JH. Recent Advances in Lateral Flow Assays for Viral Protein Detection with Nanomaterial-Based Optical Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:197. [PMID: 38667190 PMCID: PMC11048458 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the progression of contagious diseases is crucial for public health management, emphasizing the importance of early viral infection diagnosis. In response, lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been successfully utilized in point-of-care (POC) testing, emerging as a viable alternative to more traditional diagnostic methods. Recent advancements in virus detection have primarily leveraged methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Despite their proven effectiveness, these conventional techniques are often expensive, require specialized expertise, and consume a significant amount of time. In contrast, LFAs utilize nanomaterial-based optical sensing technologies, including colorimetric, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), offering quick, straightforward analyses with minimal training and infrastructure requirements for detecting viral proteins in biological samples. This review describes the composition and mechanism of and recent advancements in LFAs for viral protein detection, categorizing them into colorimetric, fluorescent, and SERS-based techniques. Despite significant progress, developing a simple, stable, highly sensitive, and selective LFA system remains a formidable challenge. Nevertheless, an advanced LFA system promises not only to enhance clinical diagnostics but also to extend its utility to environmental monitoring and beyond, demonstrating its potential to revolutionize both healthcare and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.-H.P.)
| | - Izzati Haizan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Ju Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan-si 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Hyeok Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.-H.P.)
| | - Jin-Ha Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
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Liu L, Chang Y, Lou J, Zhang S, Yi X. Overview on the Development of Alkaline-Phosphatase-Linked Optical Immunoassays. Molecules 2023; 28:6565. [PMID: 37764341 PMCID: PMC10536125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drive to achieve ultrasensitive target detection with exceptional efficiency and accuracy requires the advancement of immunoassays. Optical immunoassays have demonstrated significant potential in clinical diagnosis, food safety, environmental protection, and other fields. Through the innovative and feasible combination of enzyme catalysis and optical immunoassays, notable progress has been made in enhancing analytical performances. Among the kinds of reporter enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) stands out due to its high catalytic activity, elevated turnover number, and broad substrate specificity, rendering it an excellent candidate for the development of various immunoassays. This review provides a systematic evaluation of the advancements in optical immunoassays by employing ALP as the signal label, encompassing fluorescence, colorimetry, chemiluminescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Particular emphasis is placed on the fundamental signal amplification strategies employed in ALP-linked immunoassays. Furthermore, this work briefly discusses the proposed solutions and challenges that need to be addressed to further enhance the performances of ALP-linked immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiaxin Lou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Panferov VG, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Post-Assay Chemical Enhancement for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassays: A Critical Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:866. [PMID: 37754100 PMCID: PMC10526817 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has found a broad application for testing in point-of-care (POC) settings. LFIA is performed using test strips-fully integrated multimembrane assemblies containing all reagents for assay performance. Migration of liquid sample along the test strip initiates the formation of labeled immunocomplexes, which are detected visually or instrumentally. The tradeoff of LFIA's rapidity and user-friendliness is its relatively low sensitivity (high limit of detection), which restricts its applicability for detecting low-abundant targets. An increase in LFIA's sensitivity has attracted many efforts and is often considered one of the primary directions in developing immunochemical POC assays. Post-assay enhancements based on chemical reactions facilitate high sensitivity. In this critical review, we explain the performance of post-assay chemical enhancements, discuss their advantages, limitations, compared limit of detection (LOD) improvements, and required time for the enhancement procedures. We raise concerns about the performance of enhanced LFIA and discuss the bottlenecks in the existing experiments. Finally, we suggest the experimental workflow for step-by-step development and validation of enhanced LFIA. This review summarizes the state-of-art of LFIA with chemical enhancement, offers ways to overcome existing limitations, and discusses future outlooks for highly sensitive testing in POC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily G. Panferov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
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Ghasemi F, Fahimi-Kashani N, Bigdeli A, Alshatteri AH, Abbasi-Moayed S, Al-Jaf SH, Merry MY, Omer KM, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Paper-based optical nanosensors – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sena-Torralba A, Álvarez-Diduk R, Parolo C, Piper A, Merkoçi A. Toward Next Generation Lateral Flow Assays: Integration of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14881-14910. [PMID: 36067039 PMCID: PMC9523712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are currently the most used
point-of-care
sensors for both diagnostic (e.g., pregnancy test, COVID-19 monitoring)
and environmental (e.g., pesticides and bacterial monitoring) applications.
Although the core of LFA technology was developed several decades
ago, in recent years the integration of novel nanomaterials as signal
transducers or receptor immobilization platforms has brought improved
analytical capabilities. In this Review, we present how nanomaterial-based
LFAs can address the inherent challenges of point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics
such as sensitivity enhancement, lowering of detection limits, multiplexing,
and quantification of analytes in complex samples. Specifically, we
highlight the strategies that can synergistically solve the limitations
of current LFAs and that have proven commercial feasibility. Finally,
we discuss the barriers toward commercialization and the next generation
of LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Sena-Torralba
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Piper
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Chen Y, Ren J, Yin X, Li Y, Shu R, Wang J, Zhang D. Vanadium Disulfide Nanosheet Boosts Optical Signal Brightness as a Superior Enzyme Label to Improve the Sensitivity of Lateral Flow Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8693-8703. [PMID: 35679510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The color-enzyme lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has attracted widespread attention to expand the detection range and improve sensitivity via amplifying the color signal after catalyzing the substrate. As a kind of layered transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD), the vanadium disulfide nanosheet (VS2NS) possesses superior peroxidase-like catalytic activity. Here, a VS2NS was applied as an enzyme label in the LFIA to detect 17β-estradiol (E2). Compared to natural horseradish peroxidase, the VS2NS expresses a more prominent enzyme catalytic performance, stability, and adsorption ability. Under optimal conditions, the calculated limit of detection (cLOD) of the VS2NS-based LFIA is 0.065 ng mL-1 for E2, which is sixfold lower than that of the optimized colloidal nanoparticle-based LFIA (cLOD = 0.406 ng mL-1). Besides, the detection linear range of the VS2NS-based LFIA can be widened by 1.5 times after the catalytic reaction. Moreover, the VS2NS-based LFIA exhibits excellent practicability in real sample detection. Simultaneously, this study helps open up the application of the VS2NS in the trace analysis of LFIAs, which can broaden TMDs' scope of application and better show their properties of color enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuechi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuechun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Shu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Nano-Bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - Niloy Sarkar
- Nano-Bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Nano-Bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - Mahima Kaushik
- Nano-Bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
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Panraksa Y, Jang I, Carrell CS, Amin AG, Chailapakul O, Chatterjee D, Henry CS. Simple manipulation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an automated microfluidic interface. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1774-1781. [PMID: 35481474 PMCID: PMC9119197 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Among lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platforms, enzyme-based LFIAs provide signal amplification to improve sensitivity. However, most enzyme-based LFIAs require multiple timed steps, complicating their utility in point-of-care testing (POCT). Here, we report a microfluidic interface for LFIAs that automates sample, buffer, and reagent addition, greatly simplifying operation while achieving the high analytical stringency associated with more complex assays. The microfluidic interface also maintains the low cost and small footprint of standard LFIAs. The platform is fabricated from a combination of polyester film, double-sided adhesive tape, and nitrocellulose, and fits in the palm of your hand. All reagents are dried on the nitrocellulose to facilitate sequential reagent delivery, and the sample is used as the wash buffer to minimize steps. After the sample addition, a user simply waits 15 min for a colorimetric result. This manuscript discusses the development and optimization of the channel geometry to achieve a simple step enzyme amplified immunoassay. As a proof-of-concept target, we selected lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a WHO identified urinary biomarker of active tuberculosis, to demonstrate the device feasibility and reliability. The results revealed that the device successfully detected LAM in phosphate buffer (PBS) as well as spiked urine samples within 15 min after sample loading. The minimum concentration of color change was achieved at 25 ng mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosita Panraksa
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Ilhoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, CO, USA, 80523.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, 04763
| | - Cody S Carrell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, CO, USA, 80523.
| | - Anita G Amin
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, CO, USA, 80523.
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Variation of a Gene Sequence on Membrane-Based Lateral-Flow Strips. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study used appropriate primers to distinguish the gene model, HLA-A31:01, on membrane-based lateral-flow (MBLF) strips from its allele, which is with an SNP. Using primers designed with a mismatch base on one or two sides next to the SNP spot was verified as a good approach. In the optimal condition, the detection limits of 1~0.1 ng/μL nucleotides were in agreement with reports in the literature, and the intra- and inter-assay tests ensured the detection reproducibility of this approach with CV% of 2.5%~15.9% and 1.7%~14.7%, respectively. The detection specificity was also validated by the tests on the selected negative-control genes. The tests on MBLF strips in this study showed an easy, robust, reproducible, and reliable detection methodology for untrained personnel at care points with limited instrument and particularly for avoiding medications from faulty prescriptions.
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Calabria D, Calabretta MM, Zangheri M, Marchegiani E, Trozzi I, Guardigli M, Michelini E, Di Nardo F, Anfossi L, Baggiani C, Mirasoli M. Recent Advancements in Enzyme-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3358. [PMID: 34065971 PMCID: PMC8150770 DOI: 10.3390/s21103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have achieved considerable commercial success and their impact in diagnostics is continuously growing. LFIA results are often obtained by visualizing by the naked eye color changes in given areas, providing a qualitative information about the presence/absence of the target analyte in the sample. However, this platform has the potential to provide ultrasensitive quantitative analysis for several applications. Indeed, LFIA is based on well-established immunological techniques, which have known in the last year great advances due to the combination of highly sensitive tracers, innovative signal amplification strategies and last-generation instrumental detectors. All these available progresses can be applied also to the LFIA platform by adapting them to a portable and miniaturized format. This possibility opens countless strategies for definitively turning the LFIA technique into an ultrasensitive quantitative method. Among the different proposals for achieving this goal, the use of enzyme-based immunoassay is very well known and widespread for routine analysis and it can represent a valid approach for improving LFIA performances. Several examples have been recently reported in literature exploiting enzymes properties and features for obtaining significative advances in this field. In this review, we aim to provide a critical overview of the recent progresses in highly sensitive LFIA detection technologies, involving the exploitation of enzyme-based amplification strategies. The features and applications of the technologies, along with future developments and challenges, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Marchegiani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.D.N.); (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (E.M.)
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Panferov VG, Safenkova IV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Methods for Increasing Sensitivity of Immunochromatographic Test Systems with Colorimetric Detection (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Marin CP, Santana GL, Robinson M, Willerth SM, Crovace MC, Zanotto ED. Effect of bioactive Biosilicate ® /F18 glass scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1293-1308. [PMID: 33070474 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the gene expression profile of the human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) grown on the Biosilicate® /F18 glass (BioS-2P/F18) scaffolds. hASCs were cultured using the osteogenic medium (control), the scaffolds, and their ionic extract. We observed that ALP activity was higher in hASCs grown on the BioS-2P/F18 scaffolds than in hASCs cultured with the ionic extract or the osteogenic medium on day 14. Moreover, the dissolution product group and the control exhibited deposited calcium, which peaked on day 21. Gene expression profiles of cell cultured using the BioS-2P/F18 scaffolds and their extract were evaluated in vitro using the RT2 Profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microarray on day 21. Mineralizing tissue-associated proteins, differentiation factors, and extracellular matrix enzyme expressions were measured using quantitative PCR. The gene expression of different proteins involved in osteoblast differentiation was significantly up-regulated in hASCs grown on the scaffolds, especially BMP1, BMP2, SPP1, BMPR1B, ITGA1, ITGA2, ITGB1, SMAD1, and SMAD2, showing that both the composition and topographic features of the biomaterial could stimulate osteogenesis. This study demonstrated that gene expression of hASCs grown on the scaffold surface showed significantly increased gene expression related to hASCs cultured with the ionic extract or the osteogenic medium, evidencing that the BioS-2P/F18 scaffolds have a substantial effect on cellular behavior of hASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P Marin
- CeRTEV-Center for Research, Technology, and Education in Vitreous Materials, Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMA), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Geovana L Santana
- CeRTEV-Center for Research, Technology, and Education in Vitreous Materials, Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMA), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Meghan Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Murilo C Crovace
- CeRTEV-Center for Research, Technology, and Education in Vitreous Materials, Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMA), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Edgar D Zanotto
- CeRTEV-Center for Research, Technology, and Education in Vitreous Materials, Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMA), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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Liu J, Qin Q, Zhang X, Li C, Yu Y, Huang X, Mukama O, Zeng L, Wang S. Development of a Novel Lateral Flow Biosensor Combined With Aptamer-Based Isolation: Application for Rapid Detection of Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:886. [PMID: 32508768 PMCID: PMC7249735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) has infected more than 50 fish species worldwide, and has caused serious economic losses in the aquaculture industries. However, there is no effective antiviral therapy. The development of a rapid and accurate point-of-care diagnostic method for the prevention and control of NNV infection is urgently required. Commonly used methods for NNV detection include the cell culture-based assay, antibody-based assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. However, these methods have disadvantages as they are time-consuming and complex. In the present study, we developed a simple and sensitive aptamer-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB) method for the rapid detection of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). An aptamer is a single-stranded nucleotide, which can specifically bind to the target and has many advantages. Based on a previously selected aptamer, which specifically bound to the coat protein of RGNNV (RGNNV-CP), two modified aptamers were used in this study. One aptamer was used for magnetic bead enrichment and the other was used for isothermal strand displacement amplification (SDA). After amplification, the product was further tested by the LFB, and the detection results were observed by the naked eye within 5 min with high specificity and sensitivity. The LFB method could detect RGNNV-CP protein as low as 5 ng/mL or 5 × 103 RGNNV-infected GB (grouper brain) cells. Overall, it is the first application of a LFB combined with aptamer in the rapid diagnosis of virus from aquatic animals, which provides a new option for virus detection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yepin Yu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Omar Mukama
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingwen Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Axelrod T, Eltzov E, Marks RS. Capture-Layer Lateral Flow Immunoassay: A New Platform Validated in the Detection and Quantification of Dengue NS1. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10433-10440. [PMID: 32426600 PMCID: PMC7226885 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is the most successful point-of-care testing (POCT) method to date. In the case of clinical biomarkers that require quantification, it remains a challenge to quantitate those biomarkers using the lateral flow immunoassay remains a challenge due to the cost of the reader and possibly the type of marker used. In the present work, a new concept of a platform LFIA device configuration is proposed in which different, aligned membrane components, some already existing in the classical lateral flow immunoassay, and the others created with special new functions in the present device. As the sample containing the target analyte passes through the aforementioned membranes, the target analyte will initially interact with a target-specific antibody-conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Thereafter, the newly formed immunocomplex will diffuse through a proprietary capture membrane (that ensures that the nontarget-bound antibodies do not continue further and thus remain "captured" to that specific area). This is done by having the target molecules (or components thereof) immobilized onto the said capture layer. The target-bound immunocomplexes will then be allowed by the system configuration to continue further to the last layer, where the signal will be generated and quantified. Thus, in the absence of the target analyte in the sample, the free antibodies will be filtered at the capture layer by preimmobilized analyte molecules, thus preventing a false positive signal to occur. We validated the concept in the detection of dengue NS1 protein in view of making a triage test. The sample containing NS1 will first meet HRP-conjugated NS1-specific antibodies and become attached, thus producing an NS1-specific antibody-HRP immunocomplex. The sample then flows through the blocking layer, where the immunocomplex is unchallenged and thus allowed to reach the last "absorbent" pad, incorporating the substrate for the HRP marker. In the case of a positive test, a signal is generated, that is proportional to the amount of immunocomplexes (and therefore the NS1 concentration), and then analyzed and measured at the absorbent pad. Any unbound anti-NS1 antibody will be stopped at the blocking matrix by preimmobilized NS1, so there will be no false positive. As this study is the initial study of a novel configuration, much of the work comprised of optimization steps, such as determining the required NS1 membrane-immobilization concentration and the required target-specific capture antibody concentration. Our immunoassay was tested with spiked buffer and serum samples to mimic the clinical conditions, with a range of NS1 concentrations, and was found, at this time, to be fivefold more sensitive than a gold standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test (5 ng mL-1) performed in our laboratory. This method shows another form of LFIA that has the potential to be quantitative (at least semiquantitative), albeit not solving the reader cost; however, unlike the regular LFIA, we do not use nanobeads but instead enzymes, allowing, in theory, greater sensitivity, while retaining the one-step procedure. The test is accurate and has low production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Axelrod
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Department
of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- National
Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The
Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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15
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Nucleic acid lateral flow assay with recombinase polymerase amplification: Solutions for highly sensitive detection of RNA virus. Talanta 2020; 210:120616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Key significance of DNA-target size in lateral flow assay coupled with recombinase polymerase amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1102:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Couturier C, Wada A, Louis K, Mistretta M, Beitz B, Povogui M, Ripaux M, Mignon C, Werle B, Lugari A, Pannetier D, Godard S, Bocquin A, Mely S, Béavogui I, Hébélamou J, Leuenberger D, Leissner P, Yamamoto T, Lécine P, Védrine C, Chaix J. Characterization and analytical validation of a new antigenic rapid diagnostic test for Ebola virus disease detection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007965. [PMID: 31951615 PMCID: PMC6992227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever outbreaks are difficult to diagnose and control in part because of a lack of low-cost and easily accessible diagnostic structures in countries where etiologic agents are present. Furthermore, initial clinical symptoms are common and shared with other endemic diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever. Current molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction require trained personnel and laboratory infrastructure, hindering diagnostics at the point of need, particularly in outbreak settings. Therefore, rapid diagnostic tests such as lateral flow can be broadly deployed and are typically well-suited to rapidly diagnose hemorrhagic fever viruses, such as Ebola virus. Early detection and control of Ebola outbreaks require simple, easy-to-use assays that can detect very low amount of virus in blood. Here, we developed and characterized an immunoassay test based on immunochromatography coupled to silver amplification technology to detect the secreted glycoprotein of EBOV. The glycoprotein is among the first viral proteins to be detected in blood. This strategy aims at identifying infected patients early following onset of symptoms by detecting low amount of sGP protein in blood samples. The limit of detection achieved by this sGP-targeted kit is 2.2 x 104 genome copies/ml in plasma as assayed in a monkey analytical cohort. Clinical performance evaluation showed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85.7% when evaluated with plasma samples from healthy controls and patients infected with Zaire Ebola virus from Macenta, Guinea. This rapid and accurate diagnostic test could therefore be used in endemic countries for early detection of infected individuals in point of care settings. Moreover, it could also support efficient clinical triage in hospitals or clinical centers and thus reducing transmission rates to prevent and better manage future severe outbreaks. Ebola virus disease is a severe disease caused by Ebola virus, a member of the filovirus family, which occurs in humans and other primates. Ebola is believed to be zoonotic, however the natural reservoir is unknown. Overlapping symptoms with other endemic diseases, such as malaria and cholera, make accurate diagnostic challenging. Outbreaks of Ebola have been widespread as the consequence of the absence of available rapid, sensitive, specific, robust, and affordable licensed diagnostic test in remote areas, where outbreaks usually start. Here we have established and validated a rapid diagnostic test, which is fast, sensitive, specific, efficient, affordable, and user-friendly. Its analytical characteristics make it suitable for clinical management during Ebola virus outbreaks in remote areas. Of interest, this rapid diagnostic test detects the presence of an early viral antigen, the secreted glycoprotein, found in blood of patients shortly after infection, suggesting that it could be used to identify infected patients shortly after onset of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuhiko Wada
- FUJIFILM, Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Moriba Povogui
- Centre de Recherche Et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), République de Guinée
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Bocquin
- INSERM Jean Mérieux BSL4 Laboratory, LYON, France
| | | | - Ismaël Béavogui
- CHRS Macenta, c/o Mission Philafricaine, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Jean Hébélamou
- CHRS Macenta, c/o Mission Philafricaine, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - David Leuenberger
- CHRS Macenta, c/o Mission Philafricaine, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | | | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- FUJIFILM, Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun Kanagawa, Japan
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18
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Huang Y, Xu T, Wang W, Wen Y, Li K, Qian L, Zhang X, Liu G. Lateral flow biosensors based on the use of micro- and nanomaterials: a review on recent developments. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:70. [PMID: 31853644 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review (with 187 refs.) summarizes the progress that has been made in the design of lateral flow biosensors (LFBs) based on the use of micro- and nano-materials. Following a short introduction into the field, a first section covers features related to the design of LFBs, with subsections on strip-based, cotton thread-based and vertical flow- and syringe-based LFBs. The next chapter summarizes methods for sample pretreatment, from simple method to membrane-based methods, pretreatment by magnetic methods to device-integrated sample preparation. Advances in flow control are treated next, with subsections on cross-flow strategies, delayed and controlled release and various other strategies. Detection conditionst and mathematical modelling are briefly introduced in the following chapter. A further chapter covers methods for reliability improvement, for example by adding other validation lines or adopting different detection methods. Signal readouts are summarized next, with subsections on color-based, luminescent, smartphone-based and SERS-based methods. A concluding section summarizes the current status and addresses challenges in future perspectives. Graphical abstractRecent development and breakthrough points of lateral flow biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Qian
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, People's Republic of China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Healthy Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Chemistry and biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA.
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19
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Bishop JD, Hsieh HV, Gasperino DJ, Weigl BH. Sensitivity enhancement in lateral flow assays: a systems perspective. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2486-2499. [PMID: 31251312 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are rapid, inexpensive, easy-to-manufacture and -use tests widely employed in medical and environmental applications, particularly in low resource settings. Historically, LFAs have been stigmatized as having limited sensitivity. However, as their global usage expands, extensive research has demonstrated that it is possible to substantially improve LFA sensitivity without sacrificing their advantages. In this critical review, we have compiled state-of-the-art approaches to LFA sensitivity enhancement. Moreover, we have organized and evaluated these approaches from a system-level perspective, as we have observed that the advantages and disadvantages of each approach have arisen from the integrated and tightly interconnected chemical, physical, and optical properties of LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen V Hsieh
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, 98007 WA, USA.
| | | | - Bernhard H Weigl
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, 98007 WA, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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20
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A review on advances in methods for modification of paper supports for use in point-of-care testing. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:521. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Liu L, Yang D, Liu G. Signal amplification strategies for paper-based analytical devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 136:60-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Akter S, Kustila T, Leivo J, Muralitharan G, Vehniäinen M, Lamminmäki U. Noncompetitive Chromogenic Lateral-Flow Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Microcystins and Nodularin. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E79. [PMID: 31216673 PMCID: PMC6627203 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms cause local and global health issues by contaminating surface waters. Microcystins and nodularins are cyclic cyanobacterial peptide toxins comprising numerous natural variants. Most of them are potent hepatotoxins, tumor promoters, and at least microcystin-LR is possibly carcinogenic. In drinking water, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the provisional guideline value of 1 µg/L for microcystin-LR. For water used for recreational activity, the guidance values for microcystin concentration varies mostly between 4-25 µg/L in different countries. Current immunoassays or lateral flow strips for microcystin/nodularin are based on indirect competitive method, which are generally more prone to sample interference and sometimes hard to interpret compared to two-site immunoassays. Simple, sensitive, and easy to interpret user-friendly methods for first line screening of microcystin/nodularin near water sources are needed for assessment of water quality and safety. We describe the development of a two-site sandwich format lateral-flow assay for the rapid detection of microcystins and nodularin-R. A unique antibody fragment capable of broadly recognizing immunocomplexes consisting of a capture antibody bound to microcystins/nodularin-R was used to develop the simple lateral flow immunoassay. The assay can visually detect the major hepatotoxins (microcystin-LR, -dmLR, -RR, -dmRR, -YR, -LY, -LF -LW, and nodularin-R) at and below the concentration of 4 µg/L. The signal is directly proportional to the concentration of the respective toxin, and the use of alkaline phosphatase activity offers a cost efficient alternative by eliminating the need of toxin conjugates or other labeling system. The easy to interpret assay has the potential to serve as a microcystins/nodularin screening tool for those involved in water quality monitoring such as municipal authorities, researchers, as well as general public concerned of bathing water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Akter
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Teemu Kustila
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Janne Leivo
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Gangatharan Muralitharan
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Markus Vehniäinen
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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23
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Razo SC, Panferov VG, Safenkova IV, Varitsev YA, Zherdev AV, Pakina EN, Dzantiev BB. How to Improve Sensitivity of Sandwich Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Corpuscular Antigens on the Example of Potato Virus Y? SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113975. [PMID: 30445792 PMCID: PMC6263755 DOI: 10.3390/s18113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple approach was proposed to decrease the detection limit of sandwich lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) by changing the conditions for binding between a polyvalent antigen and a conjugate of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with antibodies. In this study, the potato virus Y (PVY) was used as the polyvalent antigen, which affects economically important plants in the Solanaceae family. The obtained polyclonal antibodies that are specific to PVY were characterized using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). For LFIA, the antibodies were conjugated with GNPs with a diameter of 17.4 ± 1.0 nm. We conducted LFIAs using GNP conjugates in a dried state on the test strip and after pre-incubation with a sample. Pre-incubating the GNP conjugates and sample for 30 s was found to decrease the detection limit by 60-fold from 330 ng∙mL-1 to 5.4 ng∙mL-1 in comparison with conventional LFIA. The developed method was successfully tested for its ability to detect PVY in infected and uninfected potato leaves. The quantitative results of the proposed LFIA with pre-incubation were confirmed by ELISA, and resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.891. The proposed approach is rapid, simple, and preserves the main advantages of LFIA as a non-laboratory diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyatesa C Razo
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
- Agricultural-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 8/2, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vasily G Panferov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina V Safenkova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuri A Varitsev
- A.G. Lorch All-Russian Potato Research Institute, Kraskovo, Lorch Street 23, 140051 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anatoly V Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena N Pakina
- Agricultural-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 8/2, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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24
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Post-assay growth of gold nanoparticles as a tool for highly sensitive lateral flow immunoassay. Application to the detection of potato virus X. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:506. [PMID: 30328535 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article demonstrates a new kind of a highly sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). It is based on the enlargement of the size of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) directly on the test strip after a conventional LFIA. Particle size enlargement is accomplished through the catalytic reduction of HAuCl4 in the presence of H2O2 and through the accumulation of additional gold on the surface of the GNPs. To attain maximal enhancement of the coloration of the zone in the test strip and to achieve a minimal background, the concentration of precursors, the pH value, and the incubation time were optimized. GNPs on the test strip are enlarged from 20 to 350 nm after a 1-min treatment at room temperature. The economically important and widespread phytopathogen potato virus X (PVX) was used as the target analyte. The use of the GNP enlargement method results in a 240-fold reduction in the limit of the detection of PVX, which can be as low as 17 pg·mL-1. The total duration of the assay, including virus extraction from the potato leaves, lateral flow, and the enhancement process, is only 12 min. The diagnostic efficiency of the technique was confirmed by its application to the analysis of potato leave samples. No false positives or false negatives were found. The technique does not depend on specific features of the target analyte, and it is conceivably applicable to numerous GNP-based LFIAs for important analytes. Graphical abstract An enlargement solution (containing HAuCl4 and H2O2) was dripped on the strip after common lateral flow immunoassay. Gold nanoparticles on the strip (20 nm) catalyze gold reduction and the formation of larger particles (up to 350 nm), resulting in a 240-fold lower detection limit within 1 min.
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