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Wei L, Gan W, Cai M, Cai H, Zhang G, Cheng X. Development of a novel HPLC-CDCL method utilizing nitrogen-doped carbon dots for sensitive and selective detection of dithiocarbamate pesticides in tea. Food Chem 2024; 458:140237. [PMID: 38996488 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, S-methyl derivatives of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) were shown to significantly enhance chemiluminescence (CL) between Ce(IV) and efficient and environmentally friendly nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs). Based on the elucidation of the CL mechanisms, an innovative approach involving high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with N-CDs and CL detection (HPLC-CDCL) was proposed. The developed method was successfully applied to the highly sensitive detection of three DTC fungicides (dimethyl dithiocarbamate, ethylene bisdithiocarbamate, and propylene bisdithiocarbamate) in tea. The recovery of the established method ranged 70.51-116.45%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of <9.40%. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was as low as 0.19 μg/L (as CS2), which is superior to the previous methods and comparable to UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Moreover, the proposed approach does not require solid-phase extraction and offers excellent selectivity. This study proposes a novel method for the detection of DTCs in the food safety and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Weimin Gan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Mengdie Cai
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hongping Cai
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
| | - Xianglei Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Yu L, Ye J, Li DH, Sun YQ, Li XX, Zheng ST. A tetrahedron-shaped polyoxoantimotungstate encapsulating a hexanuclear octahedral lanthanide-oxo cluster for an amperometric bromate sensor. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5258-5265. [PMID: 38407346 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03789d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
An inorganic hexalanthanide-oxo-cluster-encapsulated antimotungstate, K2Na3H43[Nd6(OH)6(H2O)6(B-α-SbW9O33)4]2·67H2O (1), has been successfully synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal reaction method. The tetrahedron-shaped two-shell {Nd6(OH)6(H2O)6(B-α-SbW9O33)4}(1a) polyanion is composed of a novel pure lanthanide-oxo {Nd6(μ3-OH)6(H2O)6} octahedron and {(B-α-SbW9O33)4} tetrahedron. After being effectively loaded onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by electrostatic adsorption using polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA)-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), compound 1 exhibits electrochemical activity for the reduction of bromate ions with good selectivity, a high sensitivity of 186 μA mM-1 and a detection limit that has reached 1.9 μM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of an amperometric bromate sensor based on Ln-containing antimotungstates, which will provide new materials for electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Huan Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Qiong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Xiong Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shou-Tian Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China.
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Teng X, Ling Q, Liu T, Li L, Lu C. Nanomaterial-based chemiluminescence systems for tracing of reactive oxygen species in biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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4
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Huang J, Deng Z, Ding C, Jin Y, Wang B, Chen J. Peroxyoxalate/carbon dots chemiluminescent reaction for fluorescent and visual determination of Fe3+. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hu Q, Chen S, Chen F. Determination of thiourea by terbium (III)/ prulifloxacin sensitized potassium permanganate-sulfite chemiluminescence with quenching method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120332. [PMID: 34488001 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on the thiourea quenching of the chemiluminescence of Tb3+/ prulifloxacin (PUFX) sensitized KMnO4-Na2SO3 system, a convenient and rapid chemiluminescence method for the determination of thiourea was proposed. The reaction between KMnO4 and Na2SO3 brought only weak chemiluminescence, but the chemiluminescence increased sharply in the presence of sensitizer Tb3+/ PUFX. Addition of thiourea can prevent the reaction between KMnO4 and Na2SO3, thus the chemiluminescence intensity was significantly decreased. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graphs for thiourea were linear in the range of 1.0 × 10-7 to 4.0 × 10-5 mol•L-1. The limit of detection was 6.4 × 10-8 mol•L-1. The method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of thiourea in tap water, lake water and rice noodles and the spiked recoveries were between 104.7 ~ 113.4%. The possible mechanism of sensitization and quenching was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica; Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica; Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica; Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China.
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Wei W, Liu W, Zhang H, Li Z, Yu M. A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and its application in biological imaging. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SO2 plays an important role in our life and is also associated with many diseases, so it is a double-edged sword. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a probe for...
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Wang FT, Wang LN, Xu J, Huang KJ, Wu X. Synthesis and modification of carbon dots for advanced biosensing application. Analyst 2021; 146:4418-4435. [PMID: 34195700 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of nanomaterials for biosensing applications, and carbonaceous nanomaterials in particular are at the forefront of this explosion. Carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon material, have attracted extensive attention due to their fascinating properties, such as small particle size, tunable optical properties, good conductivity, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility. These properties have enabled them to be highly promising candidates for the fabrication of various high-performance biosensors. In this review, we summarize the top-down and bottom-up synthesis routes of CDs, highlight their modification strategies, and discuss their applications in the fields of photoluminescence biosensors, electrochemiluminescence biosensors, chemiluminescence biosensors, electrochemical biosensors and fluorescence biosensors. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of the application of CDs for biosensors are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Li-Na Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Ke-Jing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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Electrochemical Sensors for Determination of Bromate in Water and Food Samples-Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11060172. [PMID: 34072226 PMCID: PMC8230011 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of potassium bromate in the baking industry is used in most parts of the world to avert the human health compromise that characterizes bromates carcinogenic effect. Herein, various methods of its analysis, especially the electrochemical methods of bromate detection, were extensively discussed. Amperometry (AP), cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are the techniques that have been deployed for bromate detection in the last two decades, with 50%, 23%, 7.7%, 7.7%, 7.7% and 3.9% application, respectively. Despite the unique electrocatalytic activity of metal phthalocyanine (MP) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), only few sensors based on MP and CQDs are available compared to the conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal (oxide) and graphene-based sensors. This review emboldens the underutilization of CQDs and metal phthalocyanines as sensing materials and briefly discusses the future perspective on MP and CQDs application in bromate detection via EIS.
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Li J, Han Y, Li X, Xiong L, Wei L, Cheng X. Analysis of methylparaben in cosmetics based on a chemiluminescence H 2 O 2 -NaIO 4 -CNQDs system. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:79-84. [PMID: 32706930 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a simple, effective chemiluminescence (CL) method for the detection of methylparaben (MP) in cosmetic samples was developed based on an IO4 - -H2 O2 -carbon nitrogen quantum dots (CNQDs) system without a separation process. The results indicated that the redox reaction between periodate and hydrogen peroxide released hydroxide radicals and superoxide radical anions in the presence of bicarbonate. These two radicals were responsible for the formation of excited luminophor CNQD* with a maximum wavelength at 480 nm. Due to the competitive reaction with hydroxide radicals, CL intensity was markedly diminished in the presence of MP. The relative standard deviation in the intraday assay was below 5.5% (n = 9), and the detection limit was as low as 0.50 μmol/L. The proposed method allowed for the successful, selective determination of MP in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingzi Han
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liping Xiong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijun Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianglei Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Bibliometric review of research trends on disinfection by-products in drinking water during 1975–2018. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Li Y, Han S. Carbon dots-enhanced chemiluminescence method for the sensitive determination of iodide. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Long R, Tang C, Li T, Tong X, Tong C, Guo Y, Gao Q, Wu L, Shi S. Dual-emissive carbon dots for dual-channel ratiometric fluorometric determination of pH and mercury ion and intracellular imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:307. [PMID: 32356117 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dual-emissive carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated for dual-channel ratiometric fluorometric determination of pH and mercury ion (Hg2+) and intracellular imaging. Dual-emissive CDs were synthesized by one-pot solvothermal treatment of cabbage. The CDs exhibited two distinctive fluorescence emissions at 500 and 678 nm under single excitation at 410 nm. The green emission (500 nm) had reversible linear response to pH (7.0-12.0) due to deprotonation and protonation of surface functional groups and their non-covalent interactions. On the other hand, the red emission (678 nm) had efficient and selective fluorescence response to Hg2+ by formation of non-emission complex between CDs and Hg2+. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for Hg2+ were 6.25 and 20.63 nM, respectively. The CDs have been successfully applied for label-free ratiometric fluorometric determination of pH and Hg2+ in fish and human serum samples with good recoveries (92.0-108.3%). In addition, the CDs had excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility for intracellular imaging. All in all, the system was multi-functional in determination, high in sensitivity, and excellent in selectivity, which demonstrated wide and promising applicability for biosensing and bioimaging in the future. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of dual-emission carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by solvothermal treatment of cabbage for dual-channel determination of pH and Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Long
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Tong
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoying Tong
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingping Gao
- Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
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Nanomaterials for the detection of halides and halogen oxyanions by colorimetric and luminescent techniques: A critical overview. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A chemiluminescence reaction consisting of manganese(IV), sodium sulfite, and sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots, and its application for the determination of oxytetracycline. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:191. [PMID: 32108911 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (S,N-CQDs) were prepared by a solid-phase hydrothermal method from cysteine and citric acid and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. These QDs were exploited as enhancers to amplify the chemiluminescence (CL) of manganese(IV)-sodium sulfite reaction. S,N-CQDs exceptionally enhanced the CL intensity of this system, around 900-fold. This effect was attributed to the energy transfer from SO2*, produced by reaction of Mn(IV) with SO32-, to S,N-CQDs. The maximum wavelength of CL emission was 480 nm, which confirmed that the final emitting species was S,N-CQDs. After optimization of reaction conditions, the analytical applicability of S,N-CQD-Mn(IV)-SO32- CL system was studied. In the presence of oxytetracycline, the CL intensity was significantly diminished. A linear relationship was observed between CL signal and the logarithm of oxytetracycline concentration in the range of 0.075-3.0 μM with a detection limit of 25 nM. This CL assay for oxytetracycline was used for analysis of spiked milk and water samples. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the amplified chemiluminescence (CL) reaction consisting of sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (S,N-CQDs) Mn(IV) and Na2SO3. Sub-micromolar levels of oxytetracycline can be determined by using this system.
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Song H, Su Y, Zhang L, Lv Y. Quantum dots‐based chemiluminescence probes: an overview. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:530-543. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Song
- College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yingying Su
- Analytical & Testing CenterSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yi Lv
- College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Analytical & Testing CenterSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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Saberi Z, Rezaei B, Ensafi AA. Fluorometric label-free aptasensor for detection of the pesticide acetamiprid by using cationic carbon dots prepared with cetrimonium bromide. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:273. [PMID: 30963279 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A fluorometric aptamer-based method is described for sensitive detection of the pesticide acetamiprid. Cationic carbon dots (cCDs) with blue fluorescence were synthesized from cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) by a hydrothermal method. In the presence of the acetamiprid aptamers with a negative charge, the aptamers bind to the surface of the cCDs due to electrostatic attraction. As a result, the fluorescence of the cCDs is quenched partially (the best measurement was done at excitation/emission wavelengths of 360/445 nm). If acetamiprid is added to the above system, the aptamer binds to acetamiprid as a target with strong and specific affinity. Therefore, fluorescence increases proportionally to the acetamiprid concentrations. The aptasensor has a detection limit of 0.3 nM with a dynamic range from 1.6 to 120 nM which reveals that the method is sensitive in comparison to the other techniques. The selectivity of the method towards various pesticides was also studied and found to be adequate. The sensor was applied for the determination of acetamiprid in (spiked) wastewater, tap water, and tomatoes to underpin its practicability. Graphical abstract Cationic CDs (cCDs) were synthesized from cetrimonium bromide by a hydrothermal method. The addition of the negatively charged acetamiprid aptamer to a solution containing cCDs, the cCDs will be coated by the aptamer. This causes the blue fluorescence of the cCDs partially is quenched. If acetamiprid (ACP) is then added, the aptamer will bind to acetamiprid with strong and specific affinity. Hence, fluorescence will be gradually restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Saberi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I.R., 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I.R., 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ali Ashghar Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I.R., 84156-83111, Iran
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Molaei MJ. A review on nanostructured carbon quantum dots and their applications in biotechnology, sensors, and chemiluminescence. Talanta 2018; 196:456-478. [PMID: 30683392 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a member of carbon nanostructures family which have received increasing attention for their photoluminescence (PL), physical and chemical stability and low toxicity. The classical semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor particles that are able to emit fluorescence by excitation. The CQDs is mainly referred to photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles less than 10 nm, with surface modification or functionalization. Contrary to other carbon nanostructures, CQDs can be synthesized and functionalized fast and easily. The fluorescence origin of the CQDs is a controversial issue which depends on carbon source, experimental conditions, and functional groups. However, PL emissions originated from conjugated π-domains and surface defects have been proposed for the PL emission mechanisms of the CQDs. These nanostructures have been used as nontoxic alternatives to the classical heavy metals containing semiconductor QDs in some applications such as in-vivo and in-vitro bio-imaging, drug delivery, photosensors, chemiluminescence (CL), and etc. This paper will introduce CQDs, their structure, and PL characteristics. Recent advances of the application of CQDs in biotechnology, sensors, and CL is comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Molaei
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran.
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