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Sekar S, Yun JS, Lee S. Metal-free electrocatalytic nanocomposites of poly azovan blue-decorated graphitic carbon nitride for simultaneously sensing paracetamol and 4-aminophenol. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117293. [PMID: 37816424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of paracetamol (PA) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) can have harmful effects on the human body. This study developed a novel electroanalytical technique that utilizes the nanocomposites of poly azovan blue (PAB)-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), deposited onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), for the concurrent sensing of PA and 4-AP. The fabricated g-C3N4@PAB/SPCE exhibited exceptional synergistic effects, such as a high active electrochemical surface area and excellent electron transfer properties. The electrochemical behavior of g-C3N4@PAB/SPCE for simultaneous PA and 4-AP sensing was evaluated in the linear dynamic ranges of 0.08-75 and 0.05-90 μM, with the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.011 and 0.016 μM and sensitivities of 2.974 and 2.857 μA/μM/cm-2 for PA and 4-AP, respectively. Additionally, g-C3N4@PAB/SPCE showed long-term stability, high reproducibility (RSD = 2.17%, n = 4), and superior anti-interference capabilities. Finally, when g-C3N4@PAB/SPCE was tested for simultaneously sensing both PA and 4-AP in tap water and artificial urine models, it exhibited satisfactory recoveries, demonstrating its potential use for various industrial and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Sekar
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea; Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seop Yun
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea; Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea; Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Mihret Y, Sisay G, Diro A, Hailemariam S, Kitte SA. Nitrogen Defect-Rich Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Tryptophan. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46869-46877. [PMID: 38107901 PMCID: PMC10719911 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for detection of tryptophan (Trp) using a nitrogen defect graphitic carbon nitride-modified glassy carbon electrode (ND-CN/GCE) was introduced. ND-CN/GCE showed a higher oxidation current for Trp than the graphitic carbon nitride-modified glassy carbon electrode (g-CN/GCE) and bare glassy carbon electrode (BGCE). The synthesized nitrogen defect-rich graphitic carbon nitride (ND-CN) was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to further analyze the electrochemical properties of BGCE, g-CN/GCE, and ND-CN/GCE. The oxidation of Trp at ND-CN/GCE is a diffusion-controlled process at pH 3.0. It was calculated that the transfer coefficient, rate constant, and diffusion coefficient of Trp were 0.53, 2.24 × 103 M-1 s-1, and 8.3 × 10-3 cm2 s-1, respectively, at ND-CN/GCE. Trp was detected using square wave voltammetry, which had a linear range from 0.01 to 40 μM at pH 3.0 and a limit of detection of about 0.0034 μM (3σ/m). Analyzing the presence of Trp in a milk and multivitamin tablet sample with a percentage recovery in the range of 97.0-108% satisfactorily demonstrated the practical usability of the electrochemical sensor. The ND-CN/GCE additionally displays good repeatability and reproducibility and satisfactory selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeabsira Mihret
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, 378 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Sisay
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, 378 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Diro
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, 378 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Hailemariam
- Department
of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, 378 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shimeles Addisu Kitte
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, 378 Jimma, Ethiopia
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3
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Manikandan R, Yoon JH, Chang SC. Emerging Trends in nanostructured materials-coated screen printed electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hazardous heavy metals in environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140231. [PMID: 37775053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions (HMIs) have become a significant contaminant in recent years. The increase in heavy metal pollution is a serious situation, requiring progressively robust, fast sensing, highly sensitive, and suitable techniques for heavy metal detection. Compared to other classical analytical methods, electroanalytical techniques, especially stripping voltammetric techniques with modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), have several advantages, such as fast sensing, great sensitivity, specificity, and long-time stability. Therefore, these techniques are more suitable for HMI detection. In this review, the nanostructured materials used to coat SPEs for the electrochemical determination of HMI are summarized. Additionally, the electrode fabrication method, modification steps, and electroanalytical study of these materials are systematically discussed. Hence, this review will support the researchers in precisely evaluating the electrochemical HMIs detection through highly sensitive stripping voltammetric techniques using SPE modified with nanostructured carbon and their allotropes, metal, metal oxides and their nanocomposites as sensor materials. Moreover, modified electrodes real time detection of HMIs in different food and environmental samples were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Manikandan
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Xhanari K, Finšgar M. Recent advances in the modification of electrodes for trace metal analysis: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5805-5821. [PMID: 37697964 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the research published in the last five years on using different compounds and/or materials as modifiers for electrodes employed in trace heavy metal analysis. The main groups of modifiers are identified, and their single or combined application on the surface of the electrodes is discussed. Nanomaterials, film-forming substances, and polymers are among the most used compounds employed mainly in the modification of glassy carbon, screen-printed, and carbon paste electrodes. Composites composed of several compounds and/or materials have also found growing interest in the development of modified electrodes. Environmentally friendly substances and natural products (mainly biopolymers and plant extracts) have continued to be included in the modification of electrodes for trace heavy metal analysis. The main analytical performance parameters of the modified electrodes as well as possible interferences affecting the determination of the target analytes, are discussed. Finally, a critical evaluation of the main findings from these studies and an outlook discussing possible improvements in this area of research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Boulevard "Zogu I", 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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5
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Manikandan R, Pugal Mani S, Selvan KS, Yoon JH, Chang SC. Fabrication of S and O-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride linked poly(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol) film for selective sensing of Hg 2+ ions in water, fish, and crab samples. Food Chem 2023; 425:136483. [PMID: 37269636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified with sulfur and oxygen-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride (S, O-GCN) linked poly(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol) film (PTD) through thioester linkage. The promising interaction between the Hg2+ and modified materials containing sulfur as well as oxygen through strong affinity was studied. This study was utilized for the electrochemical selective sensing of Hg2+ ions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). After, optimizing the different experimental parameters, S, O-GCN@PTD-SPCE was used to improve the electrochemical signal of Hg2+ ions and achieved a concentration range of 0.05-390 nM with a detection limit of 13 pM. The real-world application of the electrode was studied in different water, fish, and crab samples and their obtained results were confirmed with Inductive Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) studies. Additionally, this work established a facile and consistent technique for enhancing the electrochemical sensing of Hg2+ ions and discusses various promising applications in water and food quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Manikandan
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Pugal Mani
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Sangeetha Selvan
- Department of Chemistry, Anna Adarsh College for Women, Anna Nagar, Chennai 600 040, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Chen Y, Zhao P, Liang Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Hou J, Hou C, Huo D. A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on 3D porous melamine-doped rGO/MXene composite aerogel for the detection of heavy metal ions in the environment. Talanta 2023; 256:124294. [PMID: 36696736 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a unique screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with three-dimensional melamine-doped graphene oxide/MXene composite aerogel (3D MGMA) modification, which is used for the simultaneous and sensitive detection of three metal ions (Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) in the environment. A self-assembly method was used to fabricate 3D MXene aerogels based on MXene, graphene oxide (GO), and melamine. Notably, the network-like 3D structure combining 2D MXene and rGO sheets can provide a high ratio of surface area and enriched functional clusters, which are beneficial for improving the electrical conductivity and promoting the uptake of heavy metal ions. In the linear range of 3-900 μg L-1, the constructed innovative sensing platform can sensitively detect Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ simultaneously, with detection limits of 0.48 μg L-1,0.45 μg L-1 and 0.29 μg L-1 respectively. This work reflects precision and reliability in the detection of three water samples (tap water, Minzhu lake and Yangtze River) and four cereal samples (sorghum, rice, wheat and corn), proposing a novel strategy for monitoring heavy metal ions in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yi Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yi Ma
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, 644000, PR China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, 644000, PR China; Sichuan Liqour Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Jingzhou Hou
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Chongqing University, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Eldercare, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, 644000, PR China.
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, 644000, PR China.
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7
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Manikandan R, Sadhasivam S, Lee S, Cheol Chang S, Ashok Kumar K, Bathula C, Gopalan Sree V, Young Kim D, Sekar S. Deep Eutectic Solvents Assisted Synthesis of AC-decorated NiO Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Jose J, Prakash P, Jeyaprabha B, Abraham R, Mathew RM, Zacharia ES, Thomas V, Thomas J. Principle, design, strategies, and future perspectives of heavy metal ion detection using carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors: a review. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Manikandan R, Pugal Mani S, Sangeetha Selvan K, Yoon JH, Chang SC. Anodized Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with Poly(5-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol) Film for Ultrasensitive Detection of Hg2+ in Fish Samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Liuzhu Z, Sekar S, Chen J, Lee S, Kim DY, Manikandan R. A polyrutin/AgNPs coated GCE for simultaneous anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II)ions in environmental samples. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Sekar S, Huijun J, Liuzhu Z, Jin C, Lee S, Kim DY, Manikandan R. Copper phthalocyanine conjugated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as an efficient electrocatalyst for simultaneous detection of natural antioxidants. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Electro-Oxidation of Metal Oxide-Fabricated Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is a great sourcez of energy due to having zero emission of carbon-based contents. It is found primarily in water, which is abundant and renewable. For electrochemical splitting of water molecules, it is necessary to use catalytic materials that minimize energy consumption. As a famous carbon material, graphitic carbon nitride, with its excellent physicochemical properties and diversified functionalities, presents great potential in electrocatalytic sensing. In the present work, graphitic carbon nitride-fabricated metal tungstate nanocomposites are synthesized by the hydrothermal method to study their applications in catalysis, electrochemical sensing, and water splitting for hydrogen production. Nanocomposites using different metals, such as cobalt, manganese, strontium, tin, and nickel, were used as a precursor are synthesized via the hydrothermal process. The synthesized materials (g-C3N4/NiWO4, g-C3N4/MnWO4, g-C3N4/CoWO4, g-C3N4/SnWO4, g-C3N4/SrWO4) were characterized using different techniques, such as FTIR and XRD. The presence of a functional groups between the metal and tungstate groups was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. All the nanocomposites show a tungstate peak at 600 cm−1, while the vibrational absorption bands for metals appear in the range of 400–600 cm−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the characteristic peaks matched with the JCPDS in the literature, which confirmed the successful formation of all nanocomposites. The electrochemical active surface area is calculated by taking cyclic voltammograms of the potassium–ferrocyanide redox couple. Among the entire series of metal tungstate, the g-C3N4/NiWO4 has a large surface area owing to the high conductive properties towards water oxidation. In order to study the electrocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized materials, electrochemical water splitting is performed by cyclic voltammetry in alkaline medium. All the synthesized materials proved to be efficient catalysts with enhanced conductive properties towards water oxidation. Among the entire series, g-C3N4-NiWO4 is a very efficient electrocatalyst owing to its higher active surface area and conductive activity. The order of electrocatalytic sensing of the different composites is: g-C3N4-NiWO4 > g-C3N4-SrWO4 > g-C3N4-CoWO4 > g-C3N4-SnWO4 > g-C3N4-MnWO4. Studies on electrochemically synthesized electrocatalysts revealed their catalytic activity, indicating their potential as electrode materials for direct hydrogen evolution for power generation.
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13
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Yang Y, Bian Z, Zhang L, Wang H. Bi@BiOx(OH)y modified oxidized g-C 3N 4 photocatalytic removal of tetracycline hydrochloride with highly effective oxygen activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127866. [PMID: 34857401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel Bi@BiOx(OH)y-modified oxidized g-C3N4 photocatalyst was successfully prepared via wet chemical reduction under alkaline conditions for the tetracycline hydrochloride removal. The prepared materials were characterized comprehensively and fully. Sufficient structural representation analyses confirmed the successful loading of Bi in the form of Bi@BiOx(OH)y complex beads. Based on basic photocatalytic studies, 10% (mass percentage) was found to be the best metal Bi loading. DRS, PL, transient photocurrent and EIS have explored the improvement of the photochemical properties of materials by loading Bi@BiOx(OH)y groups, particularly the improvement of photocatalytic properties by the SPR effect and electron traps. 10%Bi-OxCN exhibited the most suitable particle size of nonagglomerated Bi-metal groups, the largest specific surface area (43.53 m2 g-1), the most adsorption sites and the most significant photocurrent (8.694 × 10-2 mA cm-2) (7.78 times that of OxCN). This indicated that 10%Bi-OxCN had good adsorption capacity and excellent light response capability. In addition, 10%Bi-OxCN showed the best tetracycline hydrochloride removal efficiency (96.0%), with ∙O2- as the main active substance and 1O2 as the second most important substance made of ∙O2- and h+. The excellent photocatalytic effect and good reusability were fundamentally dependent on the modification of OxCN by Bi@BiOx(OH)y groups to produce a large number of active substances (including the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and the generation efficiency of ∙O2- and 1O2). These advantages are all related to the high specific surface area, a large number of active sites, narrow bandgap width, Bi-SPR effect, and BiOx(OH)y electron trap caused by successful loading of Bi groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyong Bian
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Mohamad
Nor N, Arivalakan S, Zakaria ND, Nilamani N, Lockman Z, Abdul Razak K. Self-Assembled Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified APTES-ITO Electrode for Simultaneous Stripping Analysis of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Ions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3823-3833. [PMID: 35128290 PMCID: PMC8812099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl (-COOH)-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized through co-precipitation were used to modify an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, which was chemically functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for heavy metal detection. The effect of soaking time (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) of IONP-COOH self-assembled on an APTES-ITO electrode was studied. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyze the electrochemical properties and morphologies of IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO modified electrode. The modified electrodes were then employed for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. At 90 min of soaking time, excellent electrochemical performance and larger effective surface area (A e) were obtained. The linear range for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions using the modified electrode was 10-100 ppb with limits of detection of 0.90 and 0.60 ppb, respectively. The interference study revealed a low interference effect from Cr(III), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Na(I), and K(I) toward the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Finally, the IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO-modified electrode was applied to analyze seawater samples and was able to simultaneously detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorhashimah Mohamad
Nor
- School
of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sarasijah Arivalakan
- School
of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dyana Zakaria
- NanoBiotechnology
Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular
Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nithiyaa Nilamani
- Centre
for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zainovia Lockman
- School
of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- School
of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- NanoBiotechnology
Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular
Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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15
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Chen S, Yu J, Chen Z, Huang Z, Song Y. Simultaneous electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions based on a g-C 3N 4/CNT/NH 2-MIL-88(Fe) nanocomposite. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5830-5837. [PMID: 34842866 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01682b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ in drinking-water can be harmful to human health, even if their concentration is fairly low. Hence, it is significant to detect these heavy metal ions in sewage to evaluate the quality of water. Herein, amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (NH2-MIL-88(Fe)) embedded with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets and acid-functionalized carbon nanotubes were prepared via a one-pot synthesis. The composite can be directly modified on the surface of glass carbon electrodes without the assistance of Nafion or other binders. The modified glass carbon electrodes can be used to simultaneously detect Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ in water via square wave stripping voltammetry. The doping of g-C3N4 in the composite, rich in N-containing functional groups, participates in the adsorption of metal ions on the surface of the electrodes. The porous composite provides accommodation room for metals generated by electro-reduction. The detection limit for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ is 39.6 nM, 7.6 nM, 11.9 nM, and 9.6 nM, respectively. And the sensitivity for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ is 0.0789 mA μM-1 cm-2, 0.4122 mA μM-1 cm-2, 0.2616 mA μM-1 cm-2, and 0.3251 mA μM-1 cm-2, respectively. This work not only enriches the functional design of Fe-MOF materials, but also develops a method for the determination of metal ions using the adsorption sites in g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Jingguo Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Yonghai Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
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16
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Mohamad Nor N, Ramli NH, Poobalan H, Qi Tan K, Abdul Razak K. Recent Advancement in Disposable Electrode Modified with Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:253-288. [PMID: 34565248 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1950521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has gained global attention due to its high toxicity and non-biodegradability, even at a low level of exposure. Therefore, the development of a disposable electrode that is sensitive, simple, portable, rapid, and cost-effective as the sensor platform in electrochemical heavy metal detection is vital. Disposable electrodes have been modified with nanomaterials so that excellent electrochemical properties can be obtained. This review highlights the recent progress in the development of numerous types of disposable electrodes modified with nanomaterials for electrochemical heavy metal detection. The disposable electrodes made from carbon-based, glass-based, and paper-based electrodes are reviewed. In particular, the analytical performance, fabrication technique, and integration design of disposable electrodes modified with metal (such as gold, tin and bismuth), carbon (such as carbon nanotube and graphene), and metal oxide (such as iron oxide and zinc oxide) nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, the role of the nanomaterials in improving the electrochemical performance of the modified disposable electrodes is discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospect of the disposable electrode modified with nanomaterials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hidayah Ramli
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hemalatha Poobalan
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kai Qi Tan
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,NanoBiotechnology Research & Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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17
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Eswaran M, Tsai PC, Wu MT, Ponnusamy VK. Novel nano-engineered environmental sensor based on polymelamine/graphitic-carbon nitride nanohybrid material for sensitive and simultaneous monitoring of toxic heavy metals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126267. [PMID: 34111746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions (HMIs) pollution is always a serious issue worldwide. Therefore, monitoring HMIs in environmental water is an important and challenging step to ensure environmental health and human safety. In this study, we spotlight an effortless, single-step in-situ electrochemical polymerization deposition technique to fabricate a novel, low-cost, efficient, nano-engineered poly(melamine)/graphitic-carbon nitride nanonetwork (PM/g-C3N4) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) for sensitive, selective, and simultaneous electrochemical monitoring of toxic HMIs in environmental waters. g-C3N4 nanomaterial was prepared using melamine as a precursor via pyrolysis technique. As-prepared g-C3N4 and melamine monomer were electrochemically in-situ polymerized/deposited over pre-anodized SPE (ASPE) using cyclic voltammetry technique. XRD, XPS, and SEM were engaged to characterize the developed electrode. The fabricated PM/g-C3N4/ASPE was applied as an environmental sensor to selective and simultaneous electrochemical detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions using differential pulse voltammetry technique. The developed sensor displayed excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Pb2+ and Cd2+ with limit of detections of 0.008 µM and 0.02 µM, respectively. The fabricated PM/g-C3N4/ASPE sensor exhibits superior stability, repeatability, good anti-interference, and applicability for recognition of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions in real water samples. These results proved that developed environmental sensor is low-cost, efficient, practical platform for rapid, selective, simultaneous monitoring of HMIs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusankar Eswaran
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; PhD Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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18
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Zou W, Tang Y, Zeng H, Wang C, Wu Y. Porous Co 3O 4 nanodisks as robust peroxidase mimetics in an ultrasensitive colorimetric sensor for the rapid detection of multiple heavy metal residues in environmental water samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125994. [PMID: 33992021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current method for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of multiple heavy metals in environmental water still face challenge. Herein, the porous Co3O4 nanodisks with robust peroxidase-mimicking activity were prepared, and its catalytic activity can be significantly inhibited by the heavy metals like Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and As, which makes us to establish an ultrasensitive and rapid colorimetric sensor for the detection of multiple heavy metals. Further investigation reveals the anticompetitive inhibition effect of heavy metals on peroxidase-mimicking activity. The colorimetric sensor displays excellent sensitivity and selectivity, and the limits of detection (LOD) for Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and As are 0.085 μg·L-1, 0.19 μg·L-1, 0.2 μg·L-1 and 0.156 μg·L-1, respectively. Notably, the absorbance variation will be greater than 0.5 as the concentration of heavy metals exceeds 5 μg·L-1, which can be clearly discriminated by the naked eyes. Moreover, the average recovery range of heavy metals in actual water samples is from 86.9% to 98.3%. The above results indicate that the proposed sensor exhibits excellent practical applicability for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of multiple harmful heavy metals in several environmental water samples, which has potential bright application in protecting the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zou
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yue Tang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuangen Wu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.
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19
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Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles decorated ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for sensitive analysis of caffeic acid in food samples. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Oliveira S. Silva J, Sant'Anna MVS, Gevaerd A, Lima JBS, Monteiro MDS, Carvalho SWMM, Midori Sussuchi E. A Novel Carbon Nitride Nanosheets‐based Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Hydroxychloroquine in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Synthetic Urine Samples. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Oliveira S. Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e (nano)Materiais (SEnM) Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT) Núcleo de Competência em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG) Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
| | - Mércia V. S. Sant'Anna
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e (nano)Materiais (SEnM) Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT) Núcleo de Competência em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG) Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
| | - Ava Gevaerd
- Hilab Rua José Altair Possebom, 800 CEP 81.270-185 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Jéssica B. S. Lima
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e (nano)Materiais (SEnM) Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT) Núcleo de Competência em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG) Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana – UEFS CEP 44.036-900 Feira de Santana BA Brazil
| | - Michael D. S. Monteiro
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e (nano)Materiais (SEnM) Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT) Núcleo de Competência em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG) Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
| | - Sanny W. M. M. Carvalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e (nano)Materiais (SEnM) Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT) Núcleo de Competência em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG) Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
| | - Eliana Midori Sussuchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e (nano)Materiais (SEnM) Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT) Núcleo de Competência em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG) Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão SE Brazil
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21
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Vinoth S, Shalini Devi K, Pandikumar A. A comprehensive review on graphitic carbon nitride based electrochemical and biosensors for environmental and healthcare applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Lazanas AC, Prodromidis MI. Two-dimensional inorganic nanosheets: production and utility in the development of novel electrochemical (bio)sensors and gas-sensing applications. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:6. [PMID: 33389171 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review (with 178 references) focuses on inorganic layered materials (ILMs) and the use of their two-dimensional nanosheets in the development of novel electrochemical (bio)sensors, analytical devices, and gas-phase sensing applications. The text is organized in three main sections including the presentation of the most important families of ILMs, a comprehensive outline of various "bottom-up", "top-down," and hydro(solvo)thermal methods that have been used for the production of ILM nanosheets, and finally an evaluative survey on their utility for the determination of analytes with interest in different sectors of contemporary analysis. Critical discussion on the effect of the production method on their electronic properties, the suitability of each nanomaterial in different sensing technologies along with an assessment of the performance of the (bio)sensors and devices that have been proposed within the last 5 years, is enclosed. The perspectives of further improving the utility of 2D inorganic nanosheets in sensing applications, in real-world samples, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Ch Lazanas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mamas I Prodromidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece.
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23
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Zhu Y, Huai S, Jiao J, Xu Q, Wu H, Zhang H. Fullerene and platinum composite-based electrochemical sensor for the selective determination of catechol and hydroquinone. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Mc Eleney C, Alves S, Mc Crudden D. Novel determination of Cd and Zn in soil extract by sequential application of bismuth and gallium thin films at a modified screen-printed carbon electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:94-102. [PMID: 33153613 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a novel electrochemical technique for the detection of bioavailable cadmium(II) (Cd) and zinc(II) (Zn), in real soil samples. This was made possible by the sequential deposition of bismuth and gallium thin films on modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs). A range of graphitic modifications were evaluated, and a reduced graphene oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (RGO/g-C3N4) modification proved most suitable. Electrochemical characterisation demonstrated superior stability, attributed to the functional groups of GO, and an increased electron transfer rate, attributed to the intercalated g-C3N4. For voltammetric analysis, cadmium was determined in acetate buffer (pH 4.6) using a bismuth thin film (BiTF). Zn was then determined in the same cell, after adjustment of the pH to 5.1, using a gallium thin film (GaTF). The rationale for two separate thin films is described. Optimisations, such as concentration of bismuth(III), gallium(III), potassium ferrocyanide, pH and deposition potentials, were conducted in the matrix of real samples. The LODs and LOQs were determined in the extracted soil matrix as 0.01 and 0.03 mg kg-1, respectively, for bioavailable Cd and 0.01 and 0.04 mg kg-1, respectively, for bioavailable Zn. Good agreement was observed for Cd and Zn levels in numerous soil samples when compared to the established technique of ICP-OES. This approach opens up the possibility for rapid on-site portable testing of Cd and Zn in real soil samples to determine the probability of Cd uptake by crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mc Eleney
- Department of Science, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Letterkenny, County Donegal, F92 FC93, Ireland
| | - Sheila Alves
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Denis Mc Crudden
- Department of Science, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Letterkenny, County Donegal, F92 FC93, Ireland.
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25
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Idris AO, Oseghe EO, Msagati TAM, Kuvarega AT, Feleni U, Mamba B. Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5743. [PMID: 33050361 PMCID: PMC7600177 DOI: 10.3390/s20205743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer that has attracted the interest of researchers and industrial communities owing to its outstanding analytical merits such as low-cost synthesis, high stability, unique electronic properties, catalytic ability, high quantum yield, nontoxicity, metal-free, low bandgap energy, and electron-rich properties. Notably, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is the most stable allotrope of carbon nitrides. It has been explored in various analytical fields due to its excellent biocompatibility properties, including ease of surface functionalization and hydrogen-bonding. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) acts as a nanomediator and serves as an immobilization layer to detect various biomolecules. Numerous reports have been presented in the literature on applying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, and amperometry techniques have been extensively used for the detection of biologic molecules and heavy metals, with high sensitivity and good selectivity. For this reason, the leading drive of this review is to stress the importance of employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez O. Idris
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), Florida Campus, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (E.O.O.); (T.A.M.M.); (A.T.K.); (U.F.); (B.M.)
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26
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Zheng L, Chen J, Wan L, Zheng X, Ke Z. Determination of Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ by glassy carbon electrode modified with Perilla frutescens activated carbon. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2019-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton activated carbon that had high specific surface area (HSAPFAC) was modified on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for preparing a HSAPFAC/GCE, and on this basis, a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method for the simultaneous determination of zinc and cadmium ions (Zn2+ and Cd2+) was developed by using HSAPFAC/GCE. The determination conditions such as the film thickness, deposition potential, deposition time, and electrolyte acidity were investigated. The amperometric determination was carried out in a NaAc–HAc buffer solution (0.1 mol L−1, pH 5.5) after enriching for 550 s at –1.3 V. The oxidation peaks appear at –1.160 V and –0.845 V for Zn2+ and Cd2+, respectively. The oxidation peak currents of Zn2+ and Cd2+ are proportional to their concentrations in the ranges of 0.5 ∼ 20 μg L−1 and 0.25 ∼ 10 μg L−1, with the detection limits of 0.15 μg L−1 and 0.01 μg L−1 (signal/noise (S/N) = 3). The proposed method was applied to the determination of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in tap water samples. The recoveries were 101.6%∼103.0% and 84.0%∼88.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Center for Occupational Disease and Chemical Poisoning Control and Prevention Department of Occupational Health, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Fujian Provincial Center for Occupational Disease and Chemical Poisoning Control and Prevention Department of Occupational Health, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Lingli Wan
- Fujian Provincial Center for Occupational Disease and Chemical Poisoning Control and Prevention Department of Occupational Health, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zongzhi Ke
- Fujian Provincial Center for Occupational Disease and Chemical Poisoning Control and Prevention Department of Occupational Health, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
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27
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Yuan Y, Wu Y, Wang H, Tong Y, Sheng X, Sun Y, Zhou X, Zhou Q. Simultaneous enrichment and determination of cadmium and mercury ions using magnetic PAMAM dendrimers as the adsorbents for magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121658. [PMID: 31740318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In present study, a sensitive and efficient method based on magnetic PAMAM dendrimers as the sorbents for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with high performance liquid-phase chromatography and ultraviolet variable wavelength detector (HPLC-VWD) was developed for simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury ions. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC-Na) was used as the chelating agent during the elution process. Parameters that would affect the extraction efficiency including PAMAM generation, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, elution time and volume, pH and coexisting ions were investigated to achieve the best adsorption efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0.05-200 μg L-1 for Cd2+ and 0.1-200 μg L-1 for Hg2+, and the limits of detection were 0.016 and 0.040 μg L-1, respectively. The spiked recoveries of Cd2+ and Hg2+ were satisfied in the range of 91.5-105% (n = 3). The proposed method was proved to be an alternative and reliable method to determine trace Cd2+ and Hg2+ in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yalin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yayan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xueying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xianqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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28
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Wang J, Wang J, Zhou P, Tao H, Wang X, Wu Y. Oligonucleotide-induced regulation of the oxidase-mimicking activity of octahedral Mn 3O 4 nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of heavy metals. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:99. [PMID: 31912245 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric assay for the determination of heavy metal ions is presented that is based on the regulation of the oxidase-mimicking activity of Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) by oligonucleotides. The chromogenic agent tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is oxidized by the catalytic action of Mn3O4 NPs to generate products that have a yellow color in acidic solution, with a peak at 450 nm. It is found that random oligonucleotides are absorbed on the regular surface of the Mn3O4 NPs and temporarily inhibit the oxidation of TMB. This leads to a decrease in absorbance and a light-green coloration of the solution. The results show that the purine bases in oligonucleotides play a key role in their regulation of the activity of the NPs. The regulatory effect is assumed to be of the noncompetitive type. In the presence of heavy metal ions like Hg(II) or Cd(II), the inhibition is canceled due to the binding of heavy metal ions to thymine bases, and the color of the solution changes from light green to yellow. The increase in absorbance at 450 nm is related to the amount of heavy metal ions present. The method allows Hg(II) and Cd(II) to be determined visually in concentrations as low as 20 μg·L-1. The detection limit of the colorimetric assay is 3.8 and 2.4 μg·L-1 of Hg(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The assay displays good selectivity over other heavy metal ions. The method was successfully validated by analyzing several water samples. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the colorimetric assay for Hg(II) and Cd(II) based on the intrinsic oxidase-mimicking activity of Mn3O4 nanoparticles that is regulated by oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Han Tao
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuangen Wu
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-flavor Liquor Solid-state Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Cuiping District, Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644000, China.
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Zhu X, Liu B, Li L, Wu L, Chen S, Huang L, Yang J, Liang S, Xiao K, Hu J, Hou H. A micromilled microgrid sensor with delaminated MXene-bismuth nanocomposite assembly for simultaneous electrochemical detection of lead(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II). Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:776. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhou D, Wang C, Luo J, Yang M. C 3N 4 nanosheet-supported Prussian Blue nanoparticles as a peroxidase mimic: colorimetric enzymatic determination of lactate. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:735. [PMID: 31673799 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prussian Blue nanoparticles were deposited on g-C3N4 nanosheets. The resulting nanocomposite possesses peroxidase-like (POx) activity and can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine at room temperature in the presence of H2O2. This leads to formation of a blue product with an absorption maximum at 650 nm. The formation of the Prussian Blue nanoparticles on the g-C3N4 nanosheets, and the POx-like activity of the composite were characterized in detail. The POx mimic was used for determination of L-lactic acid via detection of H2O2 that is produced by the enzyme lactate oxidase (LOx). The assay has a linear range that extends from 5 to 100 μM, and the detection limit is 2.2 μM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of L-lactic acid in spiked human serum. Graphical abstract Ultra-small Prussian Blue (PB) nanoparticles were used to modify g-C3N4 nanosheets, and their peroxidase-like activity was explored for detection of L-lactic acid. LOx represent L-lactate oxidase, and TMB represents 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Congsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Junjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Jamshidi P, Alvand M, Shemirani F. Magnetic Mn2O3 nanocomposite covered with N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine for selective preconcentration of cadmium(II) prior to its quantification by FAAS. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:487. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ruo Redda A, Abollino O, Malandrino M, Squadrone S, Abete MC, Berto S, Toniolo R, Durbiano F, Giacomino A. A Portable Setup for the Voltammetric Determination of Total Mercury in Fish with Solid and Nanostructured Gold Electrodes. Molecules 2019; 24:E1910. [PMID: 31109011 PMCID: PMC6571641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple procedure for field fish sample pretreatment was developed. This treatment in combination with square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) with solid gold electrodes (SGE) and gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrodes (AuNPs-GCE) was applied for the determination of total mercury content. A certified reference material (CRM, Tuna Fish BCR 463), ten freeze-dried samples of canned tuna and two fresh fish samples were analysed both with a bench-top voltammetric analyser after microwave digestion and with a portable potentiostat after mild eating using a small commercial food warmer. The results obtained by the two SW-ASV approaches and by a Direct Mercury Analyser (DMA), the official method for mercury determination, were in very good agreement. In particular, (i) the results obtained with in field procedure are consistent with those obtained with the conventional microwave digestion; (ii) the presence of gold nanoparticles on the active electrode surface permits an improvement of the analytical performance in comparison to the SGE: the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) for mercury in fish-matrix was 0.1 μg L-1 (Hg cell concentration), corresponding to 0.06 mg kg-1 wet fish, which is a performance comparable to that of DMA. The pretreatment proposed in this study is very easy and applicable to fresh fish; in combination with a portable potentiostat, it proved to be an interesting procedure for on-site mercury determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ruo Redda
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), 10100 Torino, Italy.
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), 10100 Torino, Italy.
| | - Silvia Berto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Francesca Durbiano
- National Institute of Metrological Research, Physical Chemistry and Nanotechnology Division, 10135 Torino, Italy.
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Trace Voltammetric Determination of Lead at a Recycled Battery Carbon Rod Electrode. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19040770. [PMID: 30781864 PMCID: PMC6412861 DOI: 10.3390/s19040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon rod electrodes (CREs) were obtained from recycled zinc–carbon batteries and were used without further modification for the measurement of trace concentrations of lead (Pb). The electrochemical behavior of Pb at these electrodes in a variety of supporting electrolytes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The anodic peaks obtained on the reverse scans were indicative of Pb being deposited as a thin layer on the electrode surface. The greatest signal–to–noise ratios were obtained in organic acids compared to mineral acids, and acetic acid was selected as the supporting electrolyte for further studies. Conditions were optimized, and it was possible to determine trace concentrations of Pb by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. A supporting electrolyte of 4% v/v acetic acid, with a deposition potential of −1.5 V (vs. SCE) and a deposition time of 1100 s, was found to be optimum. A linear range of 2.8 µg/L to 110 µg/L was obtained, with an associated detection limit (3σ) of 2.8 µg/L. A mean recovery of 95.6% (CV=3.9%) was obtained for a tap water sample fortified with 21.3 µg/L.
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