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Liu D, Yu X, Li C, Wang Y, Huang C, Li M, Huang Y, Yang C. Au-Pt Coating Improved Catalytic Stability of Au@AuPt Nanoparticles for Pressure-Based Point-of-Care Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38916478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) technologies facilitate onsite detection of pathogens in minutes to hours. Among various POCT approaches, pressure-based sensors that utilize gas-generating reactions, particularly those catalyzed by nanozymes (e.g., platinum nanoparticles, PtNPs, or platinum-coated gold nanoparticles, and Au@PtNPs) have been shown to provide rapid and sensitive detection capabilities. The current study introduces Au-Pt alloy-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@AuPtNPs), an innovative nanozyme with enhanced catalytic activity and relatively high stability. For pathogen detection, Au@AuPtNPs are modified with H1 or H2 hairpin DNAs that can be triggered to undergo a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) that leads to their aggregation upon recognition by an initiator strand (Ini) with H1-/H2-complementary aptamers tethered to magnetic beads (MBs). Pathogen binding to the aptamer exposes Ini, which then binds Au@AuPtNPs and initiates a HCR, resulting in Au@AuPtNP aggregation on MBs. These Au@AuPtNP aggregates exhibit strong catalysis of O2 from the H2O2 substrate, which is measured by a pressure meter, enabling detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 at concentrations as low as 3 CFU/mL with high specificity. Additionally, E. coli O157:H7 could also be detected in simulated water and tea samples. This method eliminates the need for costly, labor- and training-intensive instruments, supporting its further testing and validation for deployment as a rapid-response POCT application in the detection of bacterial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Xingbo Yu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Congying Li
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety, College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Chenyi Huang
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety, College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Yishun Huang
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety, College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Jiang X, Yan S, Sun H, Kong XZ, Li S, Shi H, Zhu X, Gu X. Preparation of fluorescent polyurethane microspheres and their applications as reusable sensor for 4-nitrophenol detection and as microplastics model for visualizing polyurethane in cells and zebrafish. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:550-563. [PMID: 38889546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent microspheres are of significant interests due to their wide applications in biotechnology fields. However, their preparation presents several challenges, such as the need for dye labeling, the complexity of materials and often sophisticated preparation conditions. Here a simple process for hydrophilic and crosslinked polyurethane (CPU) microspheres, with carboxyl groups on the surface via one-step precipitation polymerization in 40 min, is presented. The microsphere size is easily adjusted by varying experimental conditions. CPU microspheres exhibit high thermal and pH stability with good redispersibility in water, and emit fluorescence without any modification or dye labeling. The emission mechanism is discussed. CPU microspheres are used as fluorescent probe to detect 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) based on their emission in UV light region, with excellent selectivity and sensitivity. In addition, they are reusable with detection limit unchanged after 7 cycles of reuses, a significant feature of this work. The mechanism of fluorescence detection is thoroughly explored and ascribed to the internal filtration effect. Based on the emission in visible light region, CPU microspheres are used as a model of PU microplastics (MPs) to visualize their biodistribution in HeLa and macrophage cells, as well as in zebrafish larvae, providing a reliable tracer for the visualization and tracking of PU MPs in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Siqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiang Zheng Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiangling Gu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
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Chen Z, Luo G, Ren J, Wang Q, Zhao X, Wei L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Deng Y, Li S. Recent Advances in and Application of Fluorescent Microspheres for Multiple Nucleic Acid Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:265. [PMID: 38920569 PMCID: PMC11201543 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Traditional single nucleic acid assays can only detect one target while multiple nucleic acid assays can detect multiple targets simultaneously, providing comprehensive and accurate information. Fluorescent microspheres in multiplexed nucleic acid detection offer high sensitivity, specificity, multiplexing, flexibility, and scalability advantages, enabling precise, real-time results and supporting clinical diagnosis and research. However, multiplexed assays face challenges like complexity, costs, and sample handling issues. The review explores the recent advancements and applications of fluorescent microspheres in multiple nucleic acid detection. It discusses the versatility of fluorescent microspheres in various fields, such as disease diagnosis, drug screening, and personalized medicine. The review highlights the possibility of adjusting the performance of fluorescent microspheres by modifying concentrations and carrier forms, allowing for tailored applications. It emphasizes the potential of fluorescent microsphere technology in revolutionizing nucleic acid detection and advancing health, disease treatment, and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gaoming Luo
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xinping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linyu Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China;
| | - Yuan Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Deng
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Song Li
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
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4
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Kaur M, Bhat SH, Tiwari R, Kale P, Tripathi DM, Sarin SK, Kaur S, Singh N. Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Bacterial Sepsis in Cirrhotic Patients: A Microscaffold-Based Approach for Early Intervention. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4925-4932. [PMID: 38471137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated inflammatory response leading to multiple organ failure. Current methods of sepsis detection are time-consuming, involving nonspecific clinical signs, biomarkers, and blood cultures. Hence, efficient and rapid sepsis detection platforms are of utmost need for immediate antibiotic treatment. In the current study, a noninvasive rapid monitoring electrochemical sensing (ECS) platform was developed for the detection and classification of plasma samples of patients with liver cirrhosis by measuring the current peak shifts using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. A total of 61 hospitalized cirrhotic patients with confirmed (culture-positive) or suspected (culture-negative) sepsis were enrolled. The presence of bacteria in the plasma was observed by growth kinetics, and for rapidness, the samples were co-encapsulated in microscaffolds with carbon nanodots that were sensitive enough to detect redox changes occurring due to the change in the pH of the surrounding medium, causing shifts in current peaks in the voltammograms within 2 h. The percentage area under the curve for confirmed infections was 94 and that with suspected cases was 87 in comparison to 69 and 71 with PCT, respectively. Furthermore, the charge was measured for class identification. The charge for LPS-absent bacteria ranged from -400 to -600 μC, whereas the charge for LPS-containing bacteria class ranged from -290 to -300 μC. Thus, the developed cost-effective system was sensitive enough to detect and identify bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manleen Kaur
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sadam H Bhat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Rajnish Tiwari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Pratibha Kale
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Dinesh M Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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5
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Jin B, Ma C, Zhang C, Yin H, Zhao G, Hu J, Li Z. Point-of-care detection of Monkeypox virus clades using high-performance upconversion nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:177. [PMID: 38441684 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a point-of-care testing (POCT) method in developing and underserved regions to distinguish between two Monkeypox virus (MPXV) clades, given their varying transmissibility and clinical manifestations. In this paper, we target the specific complement protein gene fragment of two MPXV clades and construct a high-performance upconversion nanoparticles-based lateral flow assay (UCNPs-based LFA) with double T-lines and a shared C-line. This enables qualitative and quantitative dual-mode detection when combined with a smartphone and a benchtop fluorescence analyzer. The developed LFA exhibits stable performance, convenient operation, rapid readout (within 8 min), and a much lower limit of detection (LOD) (~ pM level) compared to existing POCT methods. The proposed detection platform demonstrates significant potential for pathogen diagnosis using a POCT approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birui Jin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyao Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Yin
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxu Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- Suzhou DiYinAn Biotech Co., Ltd., Suzhou Innovation Center for Life Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215129, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zedong Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Xie Y, Tong Z, Xia T, Worch JC, Rho JY, Dove AP, O'Reilly RK. 2D Hierarchical Microbarcodes with Expanded Storage Capacity for Optical Multiplex and Information Encryption. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308154. [PMID: 38014933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The design of nanosegregated fluorescent tags/barcodes by geometrical patterning with precise dimensions and hierarchies could integrate multilevel optical information within one carrier and enhance microsized barcoding techniques for ultrahigh-density optical data storage and encryption. However, precise control of the spatial distribution in micro/nanosized matrices intrinsically limits the accessible barcoding applications in terms of material design and construction. Here, crystallization forces are leveraged to enable a rapid, programmable molecular packing and rapid epitaxial growth of fluorescent units in 2D via crystallization-driven self-assembly. The fluorescence encoding density, scalability, information storage capacity, and decoding techniques of the robust 2D polymeric barcoding platform are explored systematically. These results provide both a theoretical and an experimental foundation for expanding the fluorescence storage capacity, which is a longstanding challenge in state-of-the-art microbarcoding techniques and establish a generalized and adaptable coding platform for high-throughput analysis and optical multiplexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zaizai Tong
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tianlai Xia
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joshua C Worch
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julia Y Rho
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Fan L, Yan W, Chen Q, Tan F, Tang Y, Han H, Yu R, Xie N, Gao S, Chen W, Chen Z, Zhang P. One-Component Dual-Readout Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanobeads for Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of C-Reactive Protein at the Point of Care. Anal Chem 2024; 96:401-408. [PMID: 38134291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) systems are versatile tools for sensitive and quantitative detection of disease markers at the point of care. However, traditional fluorescent nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassays are not visible under room light, necessitate an additional fluorescent reader, and lack flexibility for different application scenarios. Herein, we report a dual-readout LFA system for the rapid and sensitive detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) in clinical samples. The system relied on the aggregation-induced emission nanobeads (AIENBs) encapsulated with red AIE luminogen, which possesses both highly fluorescent and colorimetric properties. The AIENB-based LFA in the naked-eye mode was able to qualitatively detect CRP levels as low as 8.0 mg/L, while in the fluorescent mode, it was able to quantitatively measure high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) with a limit of detection of 0.16 mg/L. The AIENB-based LFA system also showed a good correlation with the clinically used immunoturbidimetric method for CRP and hs-CRP detection in human plasma. This dual-modal AIENB-based LFA system offers the convenience of colorimetric testing and highly sensitive and quantitative detection of disease biomarkers and medical diagnostics in various scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Fan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wannian Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Qilong Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Huanxing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Rujia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ni Xie
- AUISET Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R. 000000, China
- AIEgen Biotech Co., Ltd., 28 Yee Wo Street, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong S.A.R. 000000, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
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Wang J, Sun G, Li F, Zhu Z, Sun L, Lv P, Yue H. Development of ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dot-based fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for the rapid visual and quantitative detection 25⁃hydroxyvitamins D in human serum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1326254. [PMID: 38188486 PMCID: PMC10766695 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1326254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various diseases such as obesity, digestive problems, osteoporosis, depression, and infections, and has therefore emerged as a topic of great interest in public healthcare. The quantitative assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH VD) in human serum may accurately reflect the nutritional status of vitamin D in the human body, which is significant for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D-deficient patients. In this study, we developed an assay for quantitative detection of 25-OH VD based on the 25-OH VD monoclonal antibody (mAb), and identified the optimal process parameters. The following process settings were found to be suitable for the test strips: pH of 7.6, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) ratio of 1:2000, and the anti-25-OH VD mAb ratio was 1:8. The equilibration time of the immune dynamic assay was 15 min. Under optimal conditions, the quantum dot nanoparticle-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (QDs-FICA) exhibited dynamic linear detection of 25-OH VD in PBS, from 5 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL, and the strip quantitative curve could be represented by the following regression equation: y = -0.02088 logx)+1.444 (R2 = 0.9050). The IC50 of the QDs-FICA was 39.6 ± 1.33 ng/mL. The specificity of the QDs-FICA was evaluated by running several structurally related analogues, including 25-OH VD2, 25-OH VD3, 1,25-OH2VD3, 1,25-OH2VD2, VD2, and VD3. The coefficients of variation were all below 10%. The shelf life of the test strips in this study was about 160 days at room temperature. Briefly, this study is the first to perform QDs-FICA for the rapid visual and quantitative detection of 25-OH VD, with great potential significance for clinical diagnosis of vitamin D-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoshao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengju Lv
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Yue
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Kim B, Kumar S, Chon B, Son HJ, Kang SO, Seo S. Facile microfluidic synthesis of monodispersed size-controllable quantum dot (QD) microbeads using custom developed QD photoresist. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17473-17481. [PMID: 37861429 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent microbeads (MBs) are widely used as next-generation biosensors for the detection of target chemicals at highly sensitive concentrations, and for imaging and tracking in vitro and in vivo. However, most known methods for producing fluorescent MBs require complicated multistep processes that result in low production rates. In this study, we report a method for fabricating micrometer-sized quantum dot microbeads (QD-MBs) using a microfluidic chip and specially designed QD photoresist (QD-PR). This on-demand lab-on-a-chip method yielded monodispersed QD-MBs ranging from 1.89 to 33 μm with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. The size distribution of the fabricated QD-MBs was Gaussian with a peak around the mean diameter and a spread of sizes around the peak. Compared with nanoscale QDs, the fabricated QD-MBs showed no emission loss. The full-width at half-maximum of the emission peak of the QD-MBs was smaller than that of the colloidal QDs, indicating a more uniform distribution and a higher density of QDs within the MB structure. In addition, we investigated the microfluidic flow regime that yielded the most uniform and controllable QD-MB. The MBs in the dripping regime were spherical and monodisperse, with an excellent particle size distribution. In this study, we present a simple and effective strategy for producing QD-MBs with controllable sizes, which can be crucial in diverse fields such as biosensing, drug delivery, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Samir Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumsoo Chon
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Seo
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Hamd-Ghadareh S, Salimi A, Vaziry A. Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Fluorescence Bioassay for Accurate Detection of Covid-19-Specific Nucleocapsid Protein in Clinical Serum Samples Using Modified Cleavable Mesoporous SiO 2 Satellite-Enriched Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5279-5292. [PMID: 37606622 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of various autofluorescent compounds in biological samples like serum and the photobleaching of organic fluorophores, fluorescence sensing has limited practical applicability. This study describes the development of an improved ratiometric fluorescence assay to determine the nucleocapsid protein (N protein), one of the most conserved biomarkers of Covid-19 in spiked and serum samples using highly stable buffer-based near IR-dual emission carbon dots (CDs) encapsulated into the cavities of cleavable silica nanocapsule (SNCs) nanocomposite. The cavities of cleavable silica nanocapsules (SNCs) and the formed core-shell CDs@ SNCs were used as a superior reservoir of fluorescent markers produced by cohydrolyzing tetraethyl orthosilicate and diiminosilane linker, which held hundreds of CDs in silica shell frameworks. The SiO2 nanocomposite was modified with an N protein antibody that specifically paired to the receptor binding region of the Cov-19 spike protein subunit. CDs were taken out of SNCs by NaBH4 reduction, and the released CDs exhibited dual emission at 475 and 675 nm when excited at 400 nm. Ratiometric detection is completed over a binding-induced, concentration-dependent immuno-affinity of the N protein that drives the fluorescence quenching phenomenon between the CDs as fluorophore and the AuNPs as quencher. As the N protein concentration increased, the intensity of the red emission (675 nm) dropped, whereas the intensity of the green emission (475 nm) already remained constant, which is due to sandwich immunoassays of CDs around AuNPs. Using the exceptional fluorescent characteristics of CDs and the high selectivity of nanocomposite functionalized with N-protein antibody, the developed assay efficiently eliminates the autofluorescence background interference of serum samples. The fluorescence ratio (I475/I675) provides a limit of detection of 2 pg mL-1 over a linear range of 0.01 to 5 ng mL-1 and exhibits an amplified sensitivity of 54 times compared to conventional immunoassay using CDs as fluorescent labels. With one-step signal amplification and requiring small sample quantities (only 20 μL), this sensing platform can be effectively used for the accurate detection of N protein, and no cross-reactivity is detected in the presence of different interfering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj-Iran
- Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Asaad Vaziry
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran
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11
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Würth C, Behnke T, Gienger J, Resch-Genger U. Efficiency scale for scattering luminescent particles linked to fundamental and measurable spectroscopic properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6254. [PMID: 37069220 PMCID: PMC10110600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparing the performance of molecular and nanoscale luminophores and luminescent micro- and nanoparticles and estimating achievable signal amplitudes and limits of detection requires a standardizable intensity scale. This initiated the development of the relative MESF (number of molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochromes) and ERF (equivalent reference fluorophores) scales for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Both intensity scales rely on fluorescence intensity values assigned to fluorescent calibration beads by an intensity comparison to spectrally closely matching fluorophore solutions of known concentration using a spectrofluorometer. Alternatively, the luminophore or bead brightness (B) can be determined that equals the product of the absorption cross section (σa) at the excitation wavelength (σa(λex)) and the photoluminescence quantum yield (Φpl). Thereby, an absolute scale based on fundamental and measurable spectroscopic properties can be realized which is independent of particle size, material, and luminophore staining or labeling density and considers the sensitivity of the optical properties of luminophores to their environment. Aiming for establishing such a brightness scale for light-scattering dispersions of luminescent particles with sizes exceeding a few ten nanometers, we demonstrate how the brightness of quasi-monodisperse 25 nm, 100 nm, and 1 µm sized polystyrene particles (PSP), loaded with two different dyes in varying concentrations, can be obtained with a single custom-designed integrating sphere setup that enables the absolute determination of Φpl and transmittance and diffuse reflectance measurements. The resulting Φpl, σa(λex), imaginary parts of the refractive index, and calculated B values of these samples are given in dependence of the number of incorporated dye molecule per particle. Finally, a unitless luminescence efficiency (LE) is defined allowing for the direct comparison of luminescence efficiencies of particles with different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Würth
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Gienger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Dinga DK, Kasprzycka E, Assunção IP, Winterstein F, Alizade A, Caliskanyürek V, Blödorn D, Winkle J, Kynast U, Lezhnina M. High brightness red emitting polymer beads for immunoassays: Comparison between trifluoroacetylacetonates of Europium. Front Chem 2023; 11:1179247. [PMID: 37153529 PMCID: PMC10157089 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1179247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficiently luminescing spherical polymer particles (beads) in the nanoscale regime of up to approximately 250 nm have become very valuable tools in bioanalytical assays. Eu3+- complexes imbedded in polymethacrylate and polystyrene in particular proved to be extraordinarily useful in sensitive immunochemical and multi-analyte assays, and histo- and cytochemistry. Their obvious advantages derive from both, the possibility to realize very high ratios of emitter complexes to target molecules, and the intrinsically long decay times of the Eu3+-complexes, which allows an almost complete discrimination against bothersome autofluorescence via time-gated measuring techniques; the narrow line emission in conjunction with large apparent Stokes shifts are additional benefits with regard to spectral separation of excitation and emission with optical filters. Last but not least, a reasonable strategy to couple the beads to the analytes is mandatory. We have thus screened a variety of complexes and ancillary ligands; the four most promising candidates evaluated and compared to each other were β-diketonates (trifluoroacetylacetonates, R-CO-CH-CO-CF3, R = - thienyl, -phenyl, -naphthyl and -phenanthryl); highest solubilities in polystyrene were obtained with trioctylphosphine co-ligands. All beads had overall quantum yields in excess of 80% as dried powders and lifetimes well beyond 600 µs. Core-shell particles were devised for the conjugation to model proteins (Avidine, Neutravidine). Their applicability was tested in biotinylated titer plates using time gated measurements and a Lateral Flow Assay as practical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Dinga
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Ewa Kasprzycka
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Israel P. Assunção
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Winterstein
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Amina Alizade
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Volkan Caliskanyürek
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrich Kynast
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marina Lezhnina, ; Ulrich Kynast,
| | - Marina Lezhnina
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
- Quantum Analysis GmbH, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marina Lezhnina, ; Ulrich Kynast,
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13
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Ye H, Xu X, Wang J, Wang J, He Y, Mu Y, Shi G. Polarization effects on the fluorescence emission of zebrafish neurons using light-sheet microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6733-6744. [PMID: 36589590 PMCID: PMC9774877 DOI: 10.1364/boe.474588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) makes use of a thin plane of light to optically section and image transparent tissues or organisms in vivo, which has the advantages of fast imaging speed and low phototoxicity. In this paper, we have employed light-sheet microscopy to investigate the polarization effects on fluorescence emission of zebrafish neurons via modifying the electric oscillation orientation of the excitation light. The intensity of the fluorescence emission from the excited zebrafish larvae follows a cosine square function with respect to the polarization state of the excitation light and reveals a 40% higher fluorescence emission when the polarization orientation is orthogonal to the illumination and detection axes. Through registration and subtraction of fluorescence images under different polarization states, we have demonstrated that most of the enhanced fluorescence signals are from the neuronal cells rather than the extracellular substance. This provides us a way to distinguish the cell boundaries and observe the organism structures with improved contrast and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,
China
| | - Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,
China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou),
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,
China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou),
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,
China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou),
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,
China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key
Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and
Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou,
China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou),
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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14
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Sha Z, Wang C, Ma R, Gao X, Sun S. Microfluidic synthesis of Janus-structured QD-encoded magnetic microbeads for multiplex immunoassay. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:407. [PMID: 36198915 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Uniform and monodisperse quantum dot (QD)-encoded magnetic microbeads with Janus structure were produced in a microfluidic device via photopolymerization. UV light through a microscope objective was used to solidify the microbeads which showed sharp interfaces and excellent magnetic responses. QDs with different emission peaks (450 nm for blue and 640 nm for red) were mixed at different ratios to provide three spectral codes. The QD-encoded microbeads can be distinguished by analyzing their fluorescent images in HSV color space. After hydrolysis of the anhydride group in alkaline solution, protein was immobilized on microbeads via activation of carboxyl groups using (1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminoprophyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS). A microhole array in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with a specific size was fabricated to trap individual microbeads in a single microhole. The combination of Janus-structured QD-encoded magnetic microbeads and microhole arrays facilitates both flexibility, binding kinetics, sensitivity for suspension assay, and fluorescence mapping analysis for conventional biochips, thus providing a novel platform for multiplex bioanalysis. The capability of this integration for multiplex immunoassays was verified using three kinds of IgG and their corresponding anti-IgG. A detection limit of 0.07 ng/mL was achieved for human IgG, indicating practical applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chunnan Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaochun Gao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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15
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Imani M, Mohajeri N, Rastegar M, Zarghami N. Synthesis and Characterization of N-rich Fluorescent Bio-dots as a Reporter in the Design of Dual-labeled FRET Probe for TaqMan PCR: a Feasibility Study. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 70:645-658. [PMID: 35900086 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based analytical techniques have provided an advantageous sensing assay in the realm of biotechnology. Bio-inspired fluorescent nanodots are a novel type of biological staining agent with excellent optical properties widely used for cellular imaging and diagnostics. In the present research, we successfully synthesized bio-dots with excellent optical properties and high-quantum yield from DNA sodium salt through the hydrothermal method. We conjugated the bio-dots with 3' Eclipse® Dark Quencher (Eclipse) labeled single strand oligodeoxyribonucleotide according to carbodiimide chemistry, to design a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe. The results confirmed the prosperous synthesis and surface functionalization of the bio-dot. Analysis of size, zeta potential, and FTIR spectroscopy verified successful bioconjugation of the bio-dots with probes. UV-Visibility analysis and fluorescence intensity profile of the bio-dot and bio-dot@probes represented a concentration-dependent quenching of fluorescent signal of bio-dot by Eclipse after probe conjugation. The results demonstrated that TaqMan PCR was not feasible using the designed bio-dot@probes. Our results indicated that bio-dot can be used as an efficient fluorescent tag in the design of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides with high biocompatibility and optical features. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Imani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Ihara Y, Yamagishi H, Lin C, Jhu CH, Tsai MC, Horie M, Yamamoto Y. Hydrothermal crosslinking of poly(fluorenylamine) with styryl side chains to produce insoluble fluorescent microparticles. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Luminescence encoding of polymer microbeads with organic dyes and semiconductor quantum dots during polymerization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12061. [PMID: 35835808 PMCID: PMC9283474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescence-encoded microbeads are important tools for many applications in the life and material sciences that utilize luminescence detection as well as multiplexing and barcoding strategies. The preparation of such beads often involves the staining of premanufactured beads with molecular luminophores using simple swelling procedures or surface functionalization with layer-by-layer (LbL) techniques. Alternatively, these luminophores are sterically incorporated during the polymerization reaction yielding the polymer beads. The favorable optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), which present broadly excitable, size-tunable, narrow emission bands and low photobleaching sensitivity, triggered the preparation of beads stained with QDs. However, the colloidal nature and the surface chemistry of these QDs, which largely controls their luminescence properties, introduce new challenges to bead encoding that have been barely systematically assessed. To establish a straightforward approach for the bead encoding with QDs with minimized loss in luminescence, we systematically assessed the incorporation of oleic acid/oleylamine-stabilized CdSe/CdS-core/shell-QDs into 0.5-2.5 µm-sized polystyrene (PS) microspheres by a simple dispersion polymerization synthesis that was first optimized with the organic dye Nile Red. Parameters addressed for the preparation of luminophore-encoded beads include the use of a polymer-compatible ligand such as benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride (OBDAC) for the QDs, and crosslinking to prevent luminophore leakage. The physico-chemical and optical properties of the resulting beads were investigated with electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, optical spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Particle size distribution, fluorescence quantum yield of the encapsulated QDs, and QD leaking stability were used as measures for bead quality. The derived optimized bead encoding procedure enables the reproducible preparation of bright PS microbeads encoded with organic dyes as well as with CdSe/CdS-QDs. Although these beads show a reduced photoluminescence quantum yield compared to the initially very strongly luminescent QDs, with values of about 35%, their photoluminescence quantum yield is nevertheless still moderate.
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18
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Jara MDL, Alvarez LAC, Guimarães MCC, Antunes PWP, de Oliveira JP. Lateral flow assay applied to pesticides detection: recent trends and progress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:46487-46508. [PMID: 35507227 PMCID: PMC9067001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Devices based on lateral flow assay (LFA) have been gaining more and more space in the detection market mainly due to their simplicity, speed, and low cost. These devices have excellent sensing format versatility and make these strips an ideal choice for field applications. The COVID-19 pandemic boosted the democratization of this method as a "point of care testing" (POCT), and the trend is that these devices become protagonists for the monitoring of pesticides in the environment. However, designing LFA devices for detecting and monitoring pesticides in the environment is still a challenge. This is because analytes are small molecules and have only one antigenic determinant, which makes it difficult to apply direct immunoassays. Furthermore, most LFA devices provide only qualitative or semi-quantitative results and have a limited number of applications in multi-residue analysis. Here, we present the state of the art on the use of LFA in the environmental monitoring of pesticides. Based on well-documented results, we review all available LFA formats and strategies for pesticide detection, which may have important implications for the future of monitoring pesticides in the environment. The main advances, challenges, and perspectives of these devices for a direction in this field of study are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Daniela Lazo Jara
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil
| | | | - Marco C C Guimarães
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil
| | - Paulo Wagnner Pereira Antunes
- Bioengen Consulting, Engineering and Environmental Planning, R. Belo Horizonte, Lote 05-Quadra W - Alterosas, Serra, ES, 29168-068, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinto de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
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19
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Abumelha HM, Bayazeed A, Alaysuy O, Alsoliemy A, Alharbi A, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis, photophysical properties and DFT studies of 2-(3-cyano-4-((2-(4,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-5,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile dye. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Wu W, Liu X, Li W. Progress and challenges in functional nanomaterial‐based suspension array technology for multiplexed biodetection. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
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21
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Shao S, Man H, Nie Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Wang Z, Jiang Y. Preparation of fluorescence-encoded microbeads with large encoding capacities and application of suspension array technology. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00628f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research study reported a type of reconstructed polystyrene microbeads for fluorescence encoding in suspension array technology (SAT). The present study improved their surface functionalization and compatibility with dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hong Man
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yingrui Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qianrui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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22
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23
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Zhang C, Grossier R, Candoni N, Veesler S. Preparation of alginate hydrogel microparticles by gelation introducing cross-linkers using droplet-based microfluidics: a review of methods. Biomater Res 2021; 25:41. [PMID: 34819171 PMCID: PMC8611912 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the preparation of alginate hydrogel microparticles by using droplet-based microfluidics, a technique widely employed for its ease of use and excellent control of physicochemical properties, with narrow size distribution. The gelation of alginate is realized "on-chip" and/or "off-chip", depending on where cross-linkers are introduced. Various strategies are described and compared. Microparticle properties such as size, shape, concentration, stability and mechanical properties are discussed. Finally, we consider future perspectives for the preparation of hydrogel microparticles and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, CINaM (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanosciences de Marseille), Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Romain Grossier
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, CINaM (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanosciences de Marseille), Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nadine Candoni
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, CINaM (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanosciences de Marseille), Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Stéphane Veesler
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, CINaM (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanosciences de Marseille), Campus de Luminy, Case 913, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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24
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Ivanov AV, Safenkova IV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. The Potential Use of Isothermal Amplification Assays for In-Field Diagnostics of Plant Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112424. [PMID: 34834787 PMCID: PMC8621059 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and timely diagnostics are essential for protecting plants from pathogens. Commonly, PCR techniques are used in laboratories for highly sensitive detection of DNA/RNA from viral, viroid, bacterial, and fungal pathogens of plants. However, using PCR-based methods for in-field diagnostics is a challenge and sometimes nearly impossible. With the advent of isothermal amplification methods, which provide amplification of nucleic acids at a certain temperature and do not require thermocyclic equipment, going beyond the laboratory has become a reality for molecular diagnostics. The amplification stage ceases to be limited by time and instruments. Challenges to solve involve finding suitable approaches for rapid and user-friendly plant preparation and detection of amplicons after amplification. Here, we summarize approaches for in-field diagnostics of phytopathogens based on different types of isothermal amplification and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we consider a combination of isothermal amplification methods with extraction and detection methods compatible with in-field phytodiagnostics. Molecular diagnostics in out-of-lab conditions are of particular importance for protecting against viral, bacterial, and fungal phytopathogens in order to quickly prevent and control the spread of disease. We believe that the development of rapid, sensitive, and equipment-free nucleic acid detection methods is the future of phytodiagnostics, and its benefits are already visible.
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Xu L, Wang S, Zhu J, Zhou T, Ding S. Dendritic Silica Nanospheres Loaded with Red‐Emissive Enhanced Carbon Dots for Zika Virus Immunoassay. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai‐Di Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Si‐Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Shou‐Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
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26
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Asymmetrically coating Pt nanoparticles on magnetic silica nanospheres for target cell capture and therapy. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:361. [PMID: 34601637 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Janus cargo has been developed via the combination of magnetic mesoporous silica (MMS) with asymmetric decoration of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs). Mesoporous morphology of MMS provides plenty of space for loading photosensitizers and targeting agents; the magnetic feature endows the as-formed nanospheres with satisfactory isolation function in removal of low abundant target cells. The excellent catalytic ability of PtNPs can effectively alleviate the hypoxia condition of tumor microenvironment via the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as an O2-drived nanomotor for highly efficient drug release. Using CCRF-CEM as the model target cell, the Janus cargo is demonstrated to possess significantly improved performance in cell capture and photodynamic therapy. Specially, owing to the patchy Pt decoration, the loaded photosensitizers exhibit a more efficient release behavior. More importantly, asymmetric O2-emission from one side of the nanocargo acts as a driving force, which could effectively accelerate the motion ability of cargo in cell media, thus leading to an enhanced therapeutic effect compared with the traditionally symmetric nanocargo. This Janus cargo would offer a new paradigm to design highly efficient drug carrier for gaining an improved photodynamic therapy in hypoxic cancer cells.
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Xu LD, Zhu J, Ding SN. Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins using novel red emission-enhanced carbon dot-based silica spheres. Analyst 2021; 146:5055-5060. [PMID: 34282816 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is imminent to develop a new type of rapid COVID-19 detection method with high sensitivity. Here, we used novel red emission-enhanced carbon dot (CD)-based silica (RCS) spheres as the signals of lateral flow immunochromatography (LFI) to ultrasensitively detect novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid proteins (SARS-CoV-2 NPs). The red emission of CDs can be enhanced and enriched in silica spheres by a simple way. The amino ends of the N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxy anchor carboxyl-rich CDs and enhance the red emission, while the other end is embedded in the silica carrier. Then, the composite silica spheres werecoated with 3-(triethylsilyl) propylamine to protect the CDs, promote bioconjugation and obtain RCS spheres. The optimal emission peaks of the aqueous solution and the solid state of RCS spheres were at 634 nm and 638 nm, respectively, with quantum yields (QYs) of 48.5% and 35.7%, respectively. Their red emission has a wide excitation range (from the ultraviolet region to the red region), and the best excitation wavelength is about 580 nm. Two fluorescence detection modes of the RCS-LFI technology for the SARS-CoV-2 NP assay are available: the simple mode of observation under ultraviolet light has a sensitivity of 100 pg mL-1; the advanced mode of detection under a fluorescence microscope has a sensitivity of 10 pg mL-1. This assay also exhibits the advantages of fast detection speed, high specificity, and simple operation. In addition, the feasibility of this method in actual sample detection was verified in human serum by the standard-addition method, and the results show that the method has excellent practicability. We believe that this method will be a valuable supplement for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Di Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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28
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Li R, Wen Y, Yang L, Liu A, Wang F, He P. Dual quantum dot nanobeads-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone in feedstuffs. Food Chem 2021; 366:130527. [PMID: 34284186 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel dual quantum dot nanobeads-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (QBs-FLISA) was successfully developed for simultaneously detecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) in feedstuffs. Dual CdSe/ZnS quantum dot nanobeads with different diameters that emit red and green fluorescence were conjugated with anti-AFB1 and anti-ZEN monoclonal antibodies to prepare fluorescent probes, which greatly enhance analytical performance. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection for AFB1 and ZEN were 9.3 and 102.1 pg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 82.50% to 116.21% with relative standard deviation less than 11.3%. Compared with traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, detection sensitivities of AFB1 and ZEN using QBs-FLISA were increased 20 and 5 folds, respectively. In addition, results of feedstuff samples analyzed by QBs-FLISA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry showed a good agreement (R2 = 0.99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Luqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Anguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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29
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Naseri M, Ziora ZM, Simon GP, Batchelor W. ASSURED‐compliant point‐of‐care diagnostics for the detection of human viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Naseri
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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30
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Wang Y, Chen C, He J, Cao Y, Fang X, Chi X, Yi J, Wu J, Guo Q, Masoomi H, Wu C, Ye J, Gu H, Xu H. Precisely Encoded Barcodes through the Structure-Fluorescence Combinational Strategy: A Flexible, Robust, and Versatile Multiplexed Biodetection Platform with Ultrahigh Encoding Capacities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100315. [PMID: 33817970 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of suspension array technology, microbeads-based barcodes as the core element with sufficient encoding capacity are urgently required for high-throughput multiplexed detection. Here, a novel structure-fluorescence combinational encoding strategy is proposed for the first time to establish a barcode library with ultrahigh encoding capacities. Based on the never revealed transformability of the structural parameters (e.g., porosity and matrix component) of mesoporous microbeads into scattering signals in flow cytometry, the enlargement of codes number has been successfully realized in combination with two other fluorescent elements of fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and quantum dots (QDs). The barcodes are constructed with precise architectures including FITC encapsulated within mesopores and magnetic nanoparticles as well as QDs immobilized on the outer surface to achieve the ultrahigh encoding level of 300 accompanied with superparamagnetism. To the best of knowledge, it is the highest record of single excitation laser-based encoding capacity up to now. Moreover, a ten-plexed tumor markers bioassay based on the tailored-designed barcodes has been evaluated to confirm their feasibility and effectiveness, and the results indicate that the barcodes platform is a promising and robust tool for practical multiplexed biodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Cang Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Cao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Fang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Chi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Yi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jiancong Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Qingsheng Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Hajar Masoomi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chongzhao Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
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31
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Mahmoudi T, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Shirdel B, Baradaran B, Morales-Narváez E, Golmohammadi H. (Nano)tag-antibody conjugates in rapid tests. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5414-5438. [PMID: 34143173 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00571e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) are naturally derived materials with favorable affinity, selectivity, and fast binding kinetics to the respective antigens, which enables their application as promising recognition elements in the development of various types of biosensors/bioassays, especially in rapid tests. These tests are low-cost and easy-to-use biosensing devices with broad applications including medical or veterinary diagnostics, environmental monitoring and industrial usages such as safety and quality analysis in food, providing on-site quick monitoring of various analytes, making it possible to save analysis costs and time. To reach such features, the conjugation of Abs with various nanomaterials (NMs) as tags is necessary, which range from conventional gold nanoparticles to other nanoparticles recently introduced, where magnetic, plasmonic, photoluminescent, or multi-modal properties play a critical role in the overall performance of the analytical device. In this context, to preserve the Ab affinity and provide a rapid response with long-term storage capability, the use of efficient bio-conjugation techniques is critical. Thanks to their prominent role in rapid tests, many studies have been devoted to the design and development of Abs-NMs conjugates with various chemistries including passive adsorption, covalent coupling, and affinity interactions. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art techniques allowing various Ab-NM conjugates with a special focus on the efficiency of the developed probes to be employed in in vitro rapid tests. Challenges and future perspectives on the development of Ab-conjugated nanotags in rapid diagnostic tests are highlighted along with a survey of the progress in commercially available Ab-NM conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Behnaz Shirdel
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C. Loma del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, 37150 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Hamed Golmohammadi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Xu Q, Wang Y, Gao P, Jiang Y. Preparation of “pomegranate”-like QD/SiO 2/poly(St- co-MAA) fluorescent nanobeads in two steps to improve stability and biocompatibility. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanobeads are widely used due to their advantages of visualization, sensitivity and the quantitative measurement of target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research
- Southeast University
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research
- Southeast University
- China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research
- Southeast University
- China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research
- Southeast University
- China
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33
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Meng Y, Cheng G, Man Z, Xu Y, Zhou S, Bian J, Lu Z, Zhang W. Deterministic Assembly of Single Sub-20 nm Functional Nanoparticles Using a Thermally Modified Template with a Scanning Nanoprobe. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005979. [PMID: 33180357 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A deterministic assembly technique for single sub-20 nm functional nanoparticles is developed based on nanostructured templates fabricated by hot scanning nanoprobes. With this technique, single nanoparticles including quantum dots, polystyrene fluorescent nanobeads, and gold nanoparticles are successfully assembled into 2D arrays with high yields. Experimental and theoretical analyses show that the key for the high yields is the hot-probe-based template fabrication technique, which creates geometrical nanotraps and modifies their surface energy simultaneously. In addition to single nanoparticle patterning, further experiments demonstrate that this technique is also capable of building complex nanostructures, such as nanoparticle clusters with well-defined shapes and heterogeneously integrated nanostructures consisting of quantum dots and silver nanowires. It opens the door to many important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zaiqin Man
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ya Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jie Bian
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenda Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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34
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Lifetime encoding in flow cytometry for bead-based sensing of biomolecular interaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19477. [PMID: 33173064 PMCID: PMC7655863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate the potential of time-resolved flow cytometry (FCM) for bioanalysis, clinical diagnostics, and optically encoded bead-based assays, we performed a proof-of-principle study to detect biomolecular interactions utilizing fluorescence lifetime (LT)-encoded micron-sized polymer beads bearing target-specific bioligands and a recently developed prototype lifetime flow cytometer (LT-FCM setup). This instrument is equipped with a single excitation light source and different fluorescence detectors, one operated in the photon-counting mode for time-resolved measurements of fluorescence decays and three detectors for conventional intensity measurements in different spectral windows. First, discrimination of bead-bound biomolecules was demonstrated in the time domain exemplarily for two targets, Streptavidin (SAv) and the tumor marker human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). In a second step, the determination of biomolecule concentration levels was addressed representatively for the inflammation-related biomarker tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) utilizing fluorescence intensity measurements in a second channel of the LT-FCM instrument. Our results underline the applicability of LT-FCM in the time domain for measurements of biomolecular interactions in suspension assays. In the future, the combination of spectral and LT encoding and multiplexing and the expansion of the time scale from the lower nanosecond range to the longer nanosecond and the microsecond region is expected to provide many distinguishable codes. This enables an increasing degree of multiplexing which could be attractive for high throughput screening applications.
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Hoffmann K, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Resch-Genger U. Fluorescence calibration standards made from broadband emitters encapsulated in polymer beads for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6499-6507. [PMID: 32409890 PMCID: PMC7442758 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We present here the design and characterization of a set of spectral calibration beads. These calibration beads are intended for the determination and regular control of the spectral characteristics of fluorescence microscopes and other fluorescence measuring devices for the readout of bead-based assays. This set consists of micrometer-sized polymer beads loaded with dyes from the liquid Calibration Kit Spectral Fluorescence Standards developed and certified by BAM for the wavelength-dependent determination of the spectral responsivity of fluorescence measuring devices like spectrofluorometers. To cover the wavelength region from 400 to 800 nm, two new near-infrared emissive dyes were included, which were spectroscopically characterized in solution and encapsulated in the beads. The resulting set of beads presents the first step towards a new platform of spectral calibration beads for the determination of the spectral characteristics of fluorescence instruments like fluorescence microscopes, FCM setups, and microtiter plate readers, thereby meeting the increasing demand for reliable and comparable fluorescence data especially in strongly regulated areas, e.g., medical diagnostics. This will eventually provide the basis for standardized calibration procedures for imaging systems as an alternative to microchannel slides containing dye solutions previously reported by us. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hoffmann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Lateral flow immunostrips for the sensitive and rapid determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine using upconversion nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:377. [PMID: 32519072 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunostrips were newly designed and a sensitive and rapid fluorometric method for the determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a model target of small biomarker molecules was developed. The upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, NaYF4:Yb/Er core, and polyacrylic acid (PAA)-modified shell, size ~ 39 nm, excitation wavelength = 980 nm; emission wavelength = 540 nm) were employed as fluorescence signal material. The 8-OHdG antibody (Ab) was taken as the recognition probe while UCNP-labeled Ab was taken as the signal probe. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was designed as carrier protein for 8-OHdG to form 8-OHdG-BSA conjugate as the capture probe. The lateral flow immunostrips were prepared by laminating a sample pad (glass fiber membrane), a test pad (nitrocellulose membrane), and adsorption pad (filter paper) on PVP backing. The capture probe was immobilized on the test zone while an IgG antibody taken as the control probe was immobilized on the control zone. When the signal probe and the sample were in sequence loaded on the sample pad, 8-OHdG analyte bound with the signal probe, and then the excess of the signal probe move along the strip and is collected by the capture probe on the test zone while the remnant signal probe is collected by the control probe on the control zone. The signal probe and capture probe were synthesized and characterized. The fluorescence intensity on the test zone was inversely proportional to the concentration of 8-OHdG for the quantitative determination while the fluorescence emission on the control zone was observed to validate the assay. The developed method showed a wide linear range from 0.10 to 10 nM, a quite low detection limit of 0.05 nM, small sample volume requirement (100 μL), short assay time (15 min), and good method reproducibility (RSD = 4.4%, nine immunostrips). Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of the configuration and measurement principle of lateral flow fluorescence immunostrip for 8-OHdG: (a) configuration; (b) preparation: load of capture probe (BSA-8-OHdG, 2 μL) on test zone; load of control probe (IgG Ab, 2 μL) on control zone; load of signal probe (UCNP-Ab, 16 μL) on sample pad; (c) measurement: load of sample (8-OHdG, 100 μL) on sample pad, collection, and measurement.
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37
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Lin Q, Wu J, Fang X, Kong J. Washing-free centrifugal microchip fluorescence immunoassay for rapid and point-of-care detection of protein. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1118:18-25. [PMID: 32418600 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simplifying the procedure of immunoassay is still a challenge due to problems such as multiple washing processes, complicated chemical modification and expensive cost. In this study, we developed a portable centrifugal microchip fluorescence immunoassay for washing-free, rapid, quantitative and point-of-care (POC) detection of protein. The designed microchip was fabricated by polycarbonate and assembled by double-sided adhesive tape using injecting molding with high scalability and low cost. The centrifugal strategy is capable of washing-out the bio-fluid and improving signal-to-noise ratio. Matrix nano-spotting method was employed to facilitate satisfactory immunological binding sites with the advantage of high capture efficiency and reproducibility. The proposed approach was capable of sensitively detecting procalcitonin (PCT) with a wide dynamic ranging from 0.10 ng/mL to 70.00 ng/mL within 10 min. Furthermore, this novel integrated diagnostic tool was successfully applied to detect PCT in 101 clinical samples with good consistency with Roche's method, indicating its attractive practical application capability. With favorable simplicity, rapidity, low cost and excellent analytical performance, our method holds great promise for POC diagnostics of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Suxin Biotechnology Co. Ltd, and IgeneTec Diagnostic Products Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, PR China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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38
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Zhang Y, Luo S, Situ B, Ye X, Huang Y, Li B, Jiang X, Chen X, Zheng L, Yan X. A fluorescent immunosensor for determination and imaging of circulating tumor cells based on a bifunctional DNA nanomachine. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:259. [PMID: 32248380 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent platform was developed for the determination and visualization of circulating tumor cells by a toehold-mediated bifunctional DNA nanomachine. In the presence of target tumor cells, the DNA nanomachine was activated. Multiple DNA products were formed, including dendritic DNA products and double-strand DNA products. Dendritic DNA products bound to their target cells for the visualization, while double-strand DNA products were released for the determination of tumor cells. At fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of 530 and 550 nm, this method could detect as low as 43 cells/mL (S/N = 3) with a linear range of 100 to 10,000 cells/mL. In clinical hydrothorax samples, this platform exhibited high reliability with a recovery of 93 to 116%. At the fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of 490 and 515 nm, the specificity and biocompatibility of this method were further verified by tumor cells imaging. Furthermore, the robustness of the toehold-mediated bifunctional DNA nanomachine was demonstrated by the specific gene mutation detection in single-cell analysis. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of the fluorescent immunosensor for determination and imaging of circulating tumor cells. The method is based on aptamer-based recognition and toehold-mediated bifunctional DNA nanomachine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Chen
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Q, Chen K, Qu Y, Li K, Zhang Y, Fu E. Hairy Fluorescent Nanospheres Based on Polyelectrolyte Brush for Highly Sensitive Determination of Cu(II). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E577. [PMID: 32150845 PMCID: PMC7182828 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is an ongoing challenge to develop fluorescent nanosphere detectors that are uniform, non-toxic, stable and bearing a large number of functional groups on the surface for further applications in a variety of fields. Here, we have synthesized hairy nanospheres (HNs) with different particle sizes and a content range of carboxyl groups from 4 mmol/g to 9 mmol/g. Based on this, hairy fluorescent nanospheres (HFNs) were prepared by the traditional coupling method (TCM) or adsorption-induced coupling method (ACM). By comparison, it was found that high brightness HFNs are fabricated based on HNs with poly (acrylic acid) brushes on the surface via ACM. The fluorescence intensity of hairy fluorescent nanospheres could be controlled by tuning the content of 5-aminofluorescein (5-AF) or the carboxyl groups of HNs easily. The carboxyl content of the HFNs could be as high as 8 mmol/g for further applications. The obtained HFNs are used for the detection of heavy metal ions in environmental pollution. Among various other metal ions, the response to Cu (II) is more obvious. We demonstrated that HFNs can serve as a selective probe and for the separation and determination of Cu(II) ions with a linear range of 0-0.5 μM and a low detection limit of 64 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Kaimin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Yi Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Kai Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Enyu Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (E.F.)
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