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Furuya H, Sakatani T, Tanaka S, Murakami K, Waldron RT, Hogrefe W, Rosser CJ. Bladder cancer risk stratification with the Oncuria 10-plex bead-based urinalysis assay using three different Luminex xMAP instrumentation platforms. J Transl Med 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38167321 PMCID: PMC10763405 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No single marker of bladder cancer (BC) exists in urine samples with sufficient accuracy for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The multiplex Oncuria BC assay noninvasively quantifies the concentration of 10 protein analytes in voided urine samples to quickly generate a unique molecular profile with proven BC diagnostic and treatment-tracking utility. Test adoption by diagnostic and research laboratories mandates reliably reproducible assay performance across a variety of instrumentation platforms used in different laboratories. METHODS We compared the performance of the clinically validated Oncuria BC multiplex immunoassay when data output was generated on three different analyzer systems. Voided urine samples from 36 subjects (18 with BC and 18 Controls) were reacted with Oncuria test reagents in three 96-well microtiter plates on Day 1, and consecutively evaluated on the LED/image-based MagPix, and laser/flow-based Luminex 200 and FlexMap 3D (all xMAP instruments from Luminex Corp., Austin, TX) on Day 2. The BC assay uses magnetic bead-based fluorescence technology (xMAP, Multi-analyte profiling; Luminex) to simultaneously quantify 10 protein analytes in urine specimens [i.e., angiogenin (ANG), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), CXCL8/interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10), serpin A1/alpha-1 anti-trypsin (A1AT), serpin E1/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), CD138/syndecan-1 (SDC1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)]. All three analyzers quantify fluorescence signals generated by the Oncuria assay. RESULTS All three platforms categorized all 10 analytes in identical samples at nearly identical concentrations, with variance across systems typically < 5%. While the most contemporary instrument, the FlexMap 3D, output higher raw fluorescence values than the two comparator systems, standard curve slopes and analyte concentrations determined in urine samples were concordant across all three units. Forty-four percent of BC samples registered ≥ 1 analyte above the highest standard concentration, i.e., A1AT (n = 7/18), IL-8 (n = 5), and/or ANG (n = 2), while only one control sample registered an analyte (A1AT) above the highest standard concentration. CONCLUSION Multiplex BC assays generate detailed molecular signatures useful for identifying BC, predicting treatment responsiveness, and tracking disease progression and recurrence. The similar performance of the Oncuria assay across three different analyzer systems supports test adaptation by clinical and research laboratories using existing xMAP platforms. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04564781, NCT03193528, NCT03193541, and NCT03193515.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Furuya
- Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 110 N. George Burns Rd, Davis 2025, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Toru Sakatani
- Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 110 N. George Burns Rd, Davis 2025, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sunao Tanaka
- Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 110 N. George Burns Rd, Davis 2025, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 110 N. George Burns Rd, Davis 2025, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard T Waldron
- Department of Medicine, Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles J Rosser
- Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 110 N. George Burns Rd, Davis 2025, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Srivastava A, Dixit AB, Tripathi M, Sarat Chandra P, Banerjee J. Quantification of Neuroinflammatory Markers in Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Resected Brain Samples Obtained from Patients. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:67-79. [PMID: 38427230 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytokines have the potential to be the ideal biomarkers to track the onset and progression of immune-mediated diseases, study the development of novel therapeutic strategies, and they can serve as outcome parameters due to their crucial role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. It is vital to keep track of the entire cytokine spectrum due to the complex interactions, pleiotropic effects, and redundancy in the cytokine network. The multiplex immunoassay (MIA) is, therefore, the best method for achieving that goal. This chapter addresses the key methodological processes of this technique, such as sample preparation, antibody coupling to beads, and assay procedure.
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Watle SV, Børud B, Laake I, Baranowska-Hustad M, Bryant-Bratlie D, Bekkevold T, Caugant DA, Tunheim G, Næss LM. Antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in serum and saliva of Norwegian adolescents. Vaccine 2023; 41:6529-6537. [PMID: 37648606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) among Norwegian 16-19-year-olds was 1-7/100,000 in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic, with serogroup Y (MenY) dominance. In contrast to many other European countries, meningococcal vaccines are not part of the national immunisation program (NIP) in Norway. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the degree of natural immunity against Neisseria meningitidis among adolescents in Norway to evaluate the need for introducing tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) in the NIP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum and saliva samples were collected from students in upper and lower secondary schools in Norway in 2018. Samples were analysed for meningococcal capsular polysaccharide (PS)-specific antibodies using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. PS-specific antibody levels were linked to data on meningococcal carriage, vaccination status and risk factors for carriage (assessed with questionnaire) and analysed by linear regression of log transformed concentrations. A subset of samples from unvaccinated individuals was analysed for serum bactericidal antibodies (SBA). RESULTS A total of 1344 participants, median age 16 years (range 12-24), were included in the study. Overall, 60.9% of the participants were female and 1137 (84.6%) were not vaccinated with MCV4. PS-specific antibody concentrations in serum and saliva were low among unvaccinated individuals for all serogroups and only 6.7-20.0% of the subpopulation with high PS-specific antibodies assessed with SBA had protective levels. Unvaccinated MenY carriers had higher levels of MenY anti-PS IgG in serum and IgA in saliva than those not carrying MenY. Use of Swedish snus was associated with lower anti-PS IgG levels in serum and waterpipe use with lower anti-PS IgG levels in saliva. CONCLUSION Unvaccinated adolescents in Norway have a low degree of natural immunity against the serogroups of N. meningitidis predominating among cases of IMD in this age group. Therefore, introduction of MCV4 for adolescents in the NIP is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Viksmoen Watle
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1078, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Børud
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Laake
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Baranowska-Hustad
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Diane Bryant-Bratlie
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terese Bekkevold
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique A Caugant
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1078, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Tunheim
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Meyer Næss
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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Song J, Sokoll LJ, Zhang Z, Chan DW. VCAM-1 complements CA-125 in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:25. [PMID: 37357306 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Close to three-quarters of ovarian cancer cases are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, with more than 70% of them failing to respond to primary therapy and relapsing within 5 years. There is an urgent need to identify strategies for early detection of ovarian cancer recurrence, which may lead to earlier intervention and better outcomes. METHODS A customized magnetic bead-based 8-plex immunoassay was evaluated using a Bio-Plex 200 Suspension Array System. Target protein levels were analyzed in sera from 58 patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer (including 34 primary and 24 recurrent tumors) and 46 healthy controls. The clinical performance of these biomarkers was evaluated individually and in combination for their ability to detect recurrent ovarian cancer. RESULTS An 8-plex immunoassay was evaluated with high analytical performance suitable for biomarker validation studies. Logistic regression modeling selected a two-marker panel of CA-125 and VCAM-1 that improved the performance of CA-125 alone in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer (AUC: 0.813 versus 0.700). At a fixed specificity of 83%, the two-marker panel significantly improved sensitivity in separating primary from recurrent tumors (70.8% versus 37.5%, P = 0.004), demonstrating that VCAM-1 was significantly complementary to CA-125 in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS A two-marker panel of CA-125 and VCAM-1 showed strong diagnostic performance and improvement over the use of CA-125 alone in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer. The experimental results warrant further clinical validation to determine their role in the early detection of recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 419 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Lori J Sokoll
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Bykonia EN, Kleymenov DA, Mazunina EP, Popova LI, Manuylov VA, Gushchin VA, Tkachuk AP, Gintsburg AL. Development of a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for simultaneous quantitative detection of IgG serum antibodies against seven vaccine-preventable diseases. J Immunol Methods 2023; 512:113408. [PMID: 36565812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Serosurveillance and seroprevalence studies should be carried out to monitor vaccine-preventable diseases. Multiplex immunoassay (MIA) systems are useful tools for this purpose, allowing the simultaneous quantitative detection of antibodies in one small serum sample, which presents an advantage over conventional methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Therefore, we developed a multiplex immunoassay for the measurement of antibodies against seven vaccine-preventable infections (measles, rubella, mumps, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) infection). In our multiplex system, heterologous inhibition generally did not exceed 10%, while homologous inhibition varied between 90 and 98%. The intra- and inter-assay variability was ≤11%. The results of in-house MIA showed satisfactory correlation with commercial ELISAs, with Spearman correlation coefficients from 0.90 to 0.98. At the cut-off values defined for our MIA the serostatus can be determined with high sensitivity (89-100%) and specificity (92-98%). Thus, the developed in-house MIA represents a feasible alternative to conventional ELISAs and could be used for large-scale serosurveillance/seroprevalence studies of vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Scheijmans FEV, Cuppen I, Zwartkruis MM, Signoria I, van Ekris C, Asselman F, Wadman RI, Knol EF, van der Pol WL, Groen EJN. Inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid of paediatric spinal muscular atrophy patients receiving nusinersen treatment. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2023; 42:34-41. [PMID: 36525882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive motor neuron disease with onset during infancy or early childhood. Recent therapeutic advances targeting the genetic defect that underlies SMA improved survival in patients with infantile onset SMA (type 1) and improved motor function in SMA type 1-3. The most commonly used therapy for SMA, the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen, is delivered by repeated intrathecal injections. The long-term safety effects of this procedure, however, have not yet been investigated in detail. We here present case reports of three children with SMA in which routine laboratory investigation revealed increased leukocyte counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected during the course of nusinersen treatment. To further characterize this observation, we used a multiplex method to analyse a broad spectrum of inflammatory markers in the CSF of these patients. We found that interleukin-10 (IL10) was consistently elevated in CSF with increased leukocyte counts, but other inflammatory markers were not. Based on this analysis we selected 7 markers for further analysis in a cohort of 38 children with SMA and determined their expression during the course of nusinersen therapy. No consistent association was found between levels of inflammatory markers and the duration of nusinersen therapy in individual patients. However, monocyte chemoactive protein 1 (MCP1/CCL2) -a neuroprotective protein secreted by astrocytes and previously associated with SMA- levels increased over the course of nusinersen treatment, indicating a possible neuroprotective mechanism associated with nusinersen therapy. In summary, our findings confirm that repeated intrathecal injections are safe and do not trigger unwanted immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E V Scheijmans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I Cuppen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M M Zwartkruis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I Signoria
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C van Ekris
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Asselman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R I Wadman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E F Knol
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W L van der Pol
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - E J N Groen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Zhao H, Wang M, Muthelo P, Löf L, Sterky F, Gallini R, Kumar NV, Monsen T, Nilsson K, Åberg M, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Mei YF, Landegren U. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and dried blood spot samples of vaccinated individuals using a sensitive homogeneous proximity extension assay. N Biotechnol 2022; 72:139-148. [PMID: 36423830 PMCID: PMC9676162 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous PCR-based assay for sensitive and specific detection of antibodies in serum or dried blood spots (DBS) is presented and the method is used to monitor individuals infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Detection probes were prepared by conjugating the recombinant spike protein subunit 1 (S1), containing the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, to each of a pair of specific oligonucleotides. The same was done for the nucleocapsid protein (NP). Upon incubation with serum or DBS samples, the bi- or multivalency of the antibodies (IgG, IgA or IgM) brings pairs of viral proteins with their conjugated oligonucleotides in proximity, allowing the antibodies to be detected by a modified proximity extension assay (PEA). Anti-S1 and anti-NP antibodies could be detected simultaneously from one incubation reaction. This Antibody PEA (AbPEA) test uses only 1 µl of neat or up to 100,000-fold diluted serum or one ø1.2 mm disc cut from a DBS. All 100 investigated sera and 21 DBS collected prior to the COVID-19 outbreak were negative, demonstrating a 100% specificity. The area under the curve, as evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis reached 0.998 (95%CI: 0.993-1) for samples taken from 11 days after symptoms onset. The kinetics of antibody responses were monitored after a first and second vaccination using serially collected DBS from 14 individuals. AbPEA offers highly specific and sensitive solution-phase antibody detection without requirement for secondary antibodies, no elution step when using DBS sample in a simple procedure that lends itself to multiplex survey of antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden,Unit of Affinity Proteomics Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden,Correspondence to: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Phathutshedzo Muthelo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Liza Löf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden,Unit of Affinity Proteomics Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sterky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden,Unit of Affinity Proteomics Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden
| | - Nallani Vijay Kumar
- Mammalian Protein Expression core facility, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tor Monsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Unit of Affinity Proteomics Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ya-Fang Mei
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Ulf Landegren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden,Correspondence to: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wichmann TO, Kasch H, Dyrskog S, Høy K, Møller BK, Krog J, Hviid CVB, Hoffmann HJ, Rasmussen MM. The inflammatory response and blood-spinal cord barrier integrity in traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective pilot study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:3143-3153. [PMID: 36190569 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triggering of inflammatory responses and disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity are considered pivotal events in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Yet, these events are poorly understood and described in humans. This study aims to describe inflammatory responses and BSCB integrity in human TSCI. METHODS Fifteen TSCI patients and fifteen non-TSCI patients were prospectively recruited from Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected at median day 0 [IQR: 1], median day 9 [IQR: 2], and median day 148 [IQR: 49] after injury. PB and CSF were analyzed for immune cells by flow cytometry, cytokines by multiplex immunoassay, and BSCB integrity by IgG Index. RESULTS Eleven TSCI patients completed follow-up. Results showed alterations in innate and adaptive immune cell counts over time. TSCI patients had significantly increased cytokine concentrations in CSF at the first and second follow-up, while only concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α remained significantly increased at the third follow-up. In PB, TSCI patients had significantly increased IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 concentrations and significantly decreased interferon-γ concentrations at the first follow-up. Results further showed increased IgG Index indicative of BSCB disruption in seven TSCI patients at the first follow-up, five TSCI patients at the second follow-up, and two patients at the third follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TSCI mainly triggers innate inflammatory responses that resolves over time, although with some degree of non-resolving inflammation, particularly in CSF. Our results cannot confirm BSCB disruption in all TSCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Overgaard Wichmann
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Cense-Spine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 165 8200 Aarhus N, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Helge Kasch
- Dept. Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stig Dyrskog
- Dept. Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Høy
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Dept. Orthopaedic Surgery - Spine section, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Kuno Møller
- Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Krog
- Dept. Anaesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Vinter Bødker Hviid
- Dept. Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Dept. Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Dept. Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Mylius Rasmussen
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Cense-Spine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 165 8200 Aarhus N, Aarhus, Denmark.,Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sha Z, Wang C, Ma R, Gao X, Sun S. Microfluidic synthesis of Janus-structured QD-encoded magnetic microbeads for multiplex immunoassay. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:407. [PMID: 36198915 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Uniform and monodisperse quantum dot (QD)-encoded magnetic microbeads with Janus structure were produced in a microfluidic device via photopolymerization. UV light through a microscope objective was used to solidify the microbeads which showed sharp interfaces and excellent magnetic responses. QDs with different emission peaks (450 nm for blue and 640 nm for red) were mixed at different ratios to provide three spectral codes. The QD-encoded microbeads can be distinguished by analyzing their fluorescent images in HSV color space. After hydrolysis of the anhydride group in alkaline solution, protein was immobilized on microbeads via activation of carboxyl groups using (1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminoprophyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS). A microhole array in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with a specific size was fabricated to trap individual microbeads in a single microhole. The combination of Janus-structured QD-encoded magnetic microbeads and microhole arrays facilitates both flexibility, binding kinetics, sensitivity for suspension assay, and fluorescence mapping analysis for conventional biochips, thus providing a novel platform for multiplex bioanalysis. The capability of this integration for multiplex immunoassays was verified using three kinds of IgG and their corresponding anti-IgG. A detection limit of 0.07 ng/mL was achieved for human IgG, indicating practical applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chunnan Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaochun Gao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Zahedipour F, Guest PC, Majeed M, Al-Rasadi K, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Multiplex Testing of the Effect of Statins on Disease Severity Risk in COVID-19 Cases. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2511:273-284. [PMID: 35838967 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Statins have pleiotropic effects on inflammatory responses in addition to their lipid-lowering action, which contributes to their favorable effect on cardiovascular disorders. Statins affect adhesion, migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine generation of immune cells. Pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that statin intervention targeted early in the infection might help COVID-19 patients to reduce the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the cytokine storm, and vascular collapse by modulating harmful pathogenic mechanisms. This chapter presents a protocol for measuring blood-based biomarkers predictive of these responses in COVID-19 patients using two specific multiplex immunoassays that target proteins that differ widely in concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Guest PC, Abbasifard M, Jamialahmadi T, Majeed M, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Multiplex Immunoassay for Prediction of Disease Severity Associated with the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Cases. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2511:245-256. [PMID: 35838965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic virus infections are often associated with the uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines, known as a "cytokine storm." We present a protocol for multiplex analysis of three cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10, which are typically elevated in cytokine storm events and may be used as a predictive biomarker profile of disease severity or disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomeical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Guest PC, Zahedipour F, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Multiplex Technologies in COVID-19 Research, Diagnostics, and Prognostics: Battling the Pandemic. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2511:3-20. [PMID: 35838948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to continuous technical developments and new insights into the high complexity of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, there is an increasing need for multiplex biomarkers to aid clinical management and support the development of new drugs and vaccines. COVID-19 disease requires rapid diagnosis and stratification to enable the most appropriate treatment course for the best possible outcomes for patients. In addition, these tests should be rapid, specific, and sensitive. They should rule out other potential causes of illness with simultaneous testing for other diseases. Elevated levels of specific biomarkers can be used to establish severity risks of chronic diseases so that patients can be provided the proper medication at the right time. This review describes the state-of-the-art technologies in proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, for multiplex biomarker approaches in COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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13
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Heaney CD, Pisanic N, Randad PR, Kruczynski K, Howard T, Zhu X, Littlefield K, Patel EU, Shrestha R, Laeyendecker O, Shoham S, Sullivan D, Gebo K, Hanley D, Redd AD, Quinn TC, Casadevall A, Zenilman JM, Pekosz A, Bloch EM, Tobian AAR. Comparative performance of multiplex salivary and commercially available serologic assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralization titers. J Clin Virol 2021; 145:104997. [PMID: 34695724 PMCID: PMC8502080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oral fluid (hereafter saliva) offers a non-invasive sampling method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, data comparing performance of salivary tests against commercially-available serologic and neutralizing antibody (nAb) assays are lacking. This study compared the performance of a laboratory-developed multiplex salivary SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay targeting antibodies to nucleocapsid (N), receptor binding domain (RBD) and spike (S) antigens to three commercially-available SARS-CoV-2 serologic enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) (Ortho Vitros, Euroimmun, and BioRad) and nAb. Paired saliva and plasma samples were collected from 101 eligible COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors >14 days since PCR+ confirmed diagnosis. Concordance was evaluated using positive (PPA) and negative (NPA) percent agreement, and Cohen's kappa coefficient. The range between salivary and plasma EIAs for SARS-CoV-2-specific N was PPA: 54.4-92.1% and NPA: 69.2-91.7%, for RBD was PPA: 89.9-100% and NPA: 50.0-84.6%, and for S was PPA: 50.6-96.6% and NPA: 50.0-100%. Compared to a plasma nAb assay, the multiplex salivary assay PPA ranged from 62.3% (N) and 98.6% (RBD) and NPA ranged from 18.8% (RBD) to 96.9% (S). Combinations of N, RBD, and S and a summary algorithmic index of all three (N/RBD/S) in saliva produced ranges of PPA: 87.6-98.9% and NPA: 50-91.7% with the three EIAs and ranges of PPA: 88.4-98.6% and NPA: 21.9-34.4% with the nAb assay. A multiplex salivary SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay demonstrated variable, but comparable performance to three commercially-available plasma EIAs and a nAb assay, and may be a viable alternative to assist in monitoring population-based seroprevalence and vaccine antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7033B Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7033B Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Pranay R Randad
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7033B Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Kate Kruczynski
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7033B Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Tyrone Howard
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7033B Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Xianming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Littlefield
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eshan U Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruchee Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly Gebo
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Hanley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan M Zenilman
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7033B Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bigdelou P, Chan KK, Tang J, Yu KN, Whited J, Wang D, Lee MY, Sun XL. High-throughput multiplex assays with mouse macrophages on pillar plate platforms. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112243. [PMID: 32835658 PMCID: PMC7572780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to rapidly identify immune responses that reflect the state and capability of immune cells due to complex heterogeneity of immune cells and their plasticity to pathogens and modulating molecules. Thus, high-throughput and easy-to-use cell culture and analysis platforms are highly desired for characterizing complex immune responses and elucidating their underlying mechanisms as well. In response to this need, we have developed a micropillar chip and a 384-pillar plate, printed mouse macrophage, RAW 264.7 cell line in alginate on the pillar plate platforms, and established multiplex cell-based assays to rapidly measure cell viability, expression of cell surface markers, and secretion of cytokines upon stimulation with model compound, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as synthetic N-glycan polymers that mimic native glycoconjugates and could bind to lectin receptors on RAW 264.7 cells. Interestingly, changes in RAW 264.7 cell viability, expression levels of cell surface makers, and release of cytokines measured from the pillar plate platforms in the presence and absence of LPS were well correlated with those obtained from their counterpart, the 96-well plate with 2D-cultured macrophages. With this approach, we identified that α2,3-linked N-sialyllactose polymer has significant macrophage modulation activity among the N-glycan polymers tested. Therefore, we successfully demonstrated that our pillar plate platforms with 3D-cultured macrophages can streamline immune cell imaging and analysis in high throughput in response to compound stimulation. We envision that the pillar plate platforms could potentially be used for rapid characterization of immune cell responses and for screening immune cell-modulating molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Bigdelou
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Ka Keung Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, West 601, Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kyeong-Nam Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Joshua Whited
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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15
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Taylor DW, Bobbili N, Kayatani A, Tassi Yunga S, Kidima W, Leke RFG. Measuring antibody avidity to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens using a multiplex immunoassay approach. Malar J 2020; 19:171. [PMID: 32357882 PMCID: PMC7195780 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies (Ab) play a significant role in immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Usually, following repeated exposure to pathogens, affinity maturation and clonal selection take place, resulting in increased antibody avidity. However, some studies suggest affinity maturation may not occur to malaria antigens in endemic areas. Information on development of antibody avidity is confusing and conflicting, in part, because different techniques have been used to measure avidity. Today, bead-based multiplex immunoassays (MIA) are routinely used to simultaneously quantitate antibody levels to multiple antigens. This study evaluated the feasibility of developing an avidity MIA with 5 merozoite antigens (AMA1, EBA-175, MSP1-42, MSP2, MSP3) that uses a single chaotropic concentration. Methods The most common ELISA protocols that used the chaotropic reagents guanidine HCl (GdHCl), urea, and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) were adapted to a multiplex MIA format. Then, different concentrations of chaotropes and incubation times were compared and results were expressed as an Avidity Index (AI), i.e., percentage of antibody remaining bound in the presence of chaotrope. Experiments were conducted to (i) identify the assay with the widest range of AI (discriminatory power), (ii) determine the amount of chaotrope needed to release 50% of bound Ab using plasma from adults and infants, and (iii) evaluate assay repeatability. Results Overall, 4 M GdHCl and 8 M urea were weaker chaotropes than 3 M NH4SCN. For example, they failed to release significant amounts of Ab bound to MSP1-42 in adult plasma samples; whereas, a range of AI values was obtained with NH4SCN. Titration of NH4SCN revealed that 2 M NH4SCN gave the widest range of AI for the 5 antigens. Binding studies using plasma from 40 adults and 57 1-year old infants in Cameroon showed that 2.1 M ± 0.32 (mean ± SD) NH4SCN (adults) and 1.8 M ± 0.23 M (infants) released 50% of bound Ab from the merozoite antigens. Conclusions An avidity MIA is feasible for the 5 merozoite antigens that uses a single concentration (2 M) of NH4SCN. The assay provides a simple method to quickly obtain information about Ab quantity and quality in the acquisition of immunity to malaria in endemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Wallace Taylor
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Naveen Bobbili
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Alex Kayatani
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Samuel Tassi Yunga
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Winifrida Kidima
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rose F G Leke
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Guest PC. Multiplex Analysis of Circulating Hormone Levels in Rat Models of Age-Related Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:381-389. [PMID: 32219765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the application of multiplex immunoassay of hormones which are known to be present at different levels during aging and may therefore be precipitous in age-related diseases. As an example, we have analyzed serum from 12-week-old rats using multiplexes for the hormones insulin, leptin, growth hormone, corticosterone, and testosterone, which have been implicated in sarcopenia. The same technique can be used in the investigation of other sarcopenia biomarkers as well as in other disease cases involving both clinical and preclinical biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
The apolipoproteins are well known for their roles in both health and disease, as components of plasma lipoprotein particles, such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), chylomicrons, and metabolic, vascular- and inflammation-related disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Increasingly, their roles in neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders are also being elucidated. They play major roles in lipid and cholesterol transport between blood and organs and are, therefore, critical to maintenance and homeostasis of the lipidome, with apolipoprotein-lipid interactions, including cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and isoprostanes. Further, they have important pleiotropic roles related to aging and longevity, which are largely managed through their many structural variants, including multiple isoforms, and a diversity of post-translational modifications. Consequently, tools for the characterization and accurate quantification of apolipoproteins, including their diverse array of variant forms, are required to understand their salutary and disease related roles. In this chapter we outline three distinct quantitative approaches suitable for targeting apolipoproteins: (1) multiplex immunoassays, (2) mass spectrometric immunoassay, and (3) multiple reaction monitoring, mass spectrometric quantification. We also discuss management of pre-analytical and experimental design variables.
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Rogier E, van den Hoogen L, Herman C, Gurrala K, Joseph V, Stresman G, Presume J, Romilus I, Mondelus G, Elisme T, Ashton R, Chang M, Lemoine JF, Druetz T, Eisele TP, Existe A, Boncy J, Drakeley C, Udhayakumar V. High-throughput malaria serosurveillance using a one-step multiplex bead assay. Malar J 2019; 18:402. [PMID: 31801556 PMCID: PMC6894145 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serological data indicating the presence and level of antibodies against infectious disease antigens provides indicators of exposure and transmission patterns in a population. Laboratory testing for large-scale serosurveys is often hindered by time-consuming immunoassays that employ multiple tandem steps. Some nations have recently begun using malaria serosurveillance data to make inferences about the malaria exposure in their populations, and serosurveys have grown increasingly larger as more accurate estimates are desired. Presented here is a novel approach of antibody detection using bead-based immunoassay that involves incubating all assay reagents concurrently overnight. Results A serosurvey in was performed in Haiti in early 2017 with both sera (n = 712) and dried blood spots (DBS, n = 796) collected for the same participants. The Luminex® multiplex bead-based assay (MBA) was used to detect total IgG against 8 malaria antigens: PfMSP1, PvMSP1, PmMSP1, PfCSP, PfAMA1, PfLSA1, PfGLURP-R0, PfHRP2. All sera and DBS samples were assayed by MBA using a standard immunoassay protocol with multiple steps, as well a protocol where sample and all reagents were incubated together overnight—termed here the OneStep assay. When compared to a standard multi-step assay, this OneStep assay amplified the assay signal for IgG detection for all 8 malaria antigens. The greatest increases in assay signal were seen at the low- and mid-range IgG titers and were indicative of an enhancement in the analyte detection, not simply an increase in the background signal of the assay. Seroprevalence estimates were generally similar for this sample Haitian population for all antigens regardless of serum or DBS sample type or assay protocol used. Conclusions When using the MBA for IgG detection, overnight incubation for the test sample and all assay reagents greatly minimized hands-on time for laboratory staff. Enhanced IgG signal was observed with the OneStep assay for all 8 malaria antigens employed in this study, and seroprevalence estimates for this sample population were similar regardless of assay protocol used. This overnight incubation protocol has the potential to be deployed for large-scale malaria serosurveys for the high-throughput and timely collection of antibody data, particularly for malaria seroprevalence estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Lotus van den Hoogen
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Camelia Herman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Kevin Gurrala
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Vena Joseph
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gillian Stresman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jacquelin Presume
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Ithamare Romilus
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Gina Mondelus
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Tamara Elisme
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Ruth Ashton
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michelle Chang
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jean F Lemoine
- Programme National de Contrôle de la Malaria/MSPP, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Thomas Druetz
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, QC, H3X 1X9, Canada
| | - Thomas P Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alexandre Existe
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Jacques Boncy
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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19
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Plotnikova MA, Klotchenko SA, Lebedev KI, Lozhkov AA, Taraskin AS, Gyulikhandanova NE, Ramsay ES, Vasin AV. Antibody microarray immunoassay for screening and differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract viral pathogens. J Immunol Methods 2019; 478:112712. [PMID: 31783022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract infections are the world's most common infectious disease. The etiologic agents behind upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are, in fact, a diverse set of pathogens such as influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, and others. More than 200 pathogens are known to be involved. Differential diagnosis of viral infections is sometimes complicated by their diversity or similarity of clinical presentation. This work is devoted to the development of a method which enables simultaneous detection of six common viral URTI pathogens: IAV; IBV; RSV; hAdV; hPIV2; and hPIV3. Antibody microarray technology is utilized to accomplish the analysis. In preparation for protein microchip creation, we produced, characterized, and selected approximately 50 monoclonal antibodies; for each of the aforementioned pathogens, an optimal monoclonal antibody pair was selected. A protein microchip was created, and its core working conditions were optimized. With a balance between convenience and maximal assay sensitivity in mind, a one-step analysis approach was developed for accomplishing the ELISA-like "sandwich" interaction on the manufactured microchip (antibody microarray). Reference viral strains were used to establish the lower limits of detection (LoD) for the assay. For IAV, the LoD was 0.25 ng/ml total viral protein. For other viruses, the LoD ranged from 1 to 2 ng/ml total protein. These sensitivity limits are slightly better than those of standard ELISA, but inferior to those of PCR. Overall, we believe that the developed microchip is a good alternative to existing methods, allowing relatively quick (overnight), inexpensive, simultaneous screening of several pathogens. The design of the antibody microarray is conducive to further development, and the panel of analyzed pathogens can be expanded to include approximately 50 members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirill I Lebedev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey A Lozhkov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S Taraskin
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia E Gyulikhandanova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Edward S Ramsay
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V Vasin
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Vincent FB, Lang T. Measuring MIF in Biological Fluids. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2080:47-56. [PMID: 31745870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
MIF is a key regulator of host immune responses and increased levels secreted from cells, or found circulating systemically, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here, we describe methods for detecting and quantifying extracellular concentrations of MIF in both human- and murine-derived biological samples.
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21
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Hoy CFO, Kushiro K, Yamaoka Y, Ryo A, Takai M. Rapid multiplex microfiber-based immunoassay for anti-MERS-CoV antibody detection. Sens Biosensing Res 2019; 26:100304. [PMID: 32289017 PMCID: PMC7104066 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
On-site multiplex biosensors for innate immunity antibodies are ideal tools for monitoring health status of individuals against various diseases. This study introduces a novel antibody immunoassay testing platform incorporating microfiber-based arrays of antigens to capture specific antibodies. The fabrication and setup of the device revolved around electrospun polystyrene (ESPS) microfibers that act as three-dimensional membrane filters, capable of rapid and multifold analyte capture. In particular, the ESPS microfibers were patterned through localized oxygen plasma to create hydrophilic zones that facilitate fluid flows and immobilizations of antigens. The bulk of this robust antibody immunoassay platform could be installed into a compact syringe-driven cassette device, which could perform multiplex antibody immunoassay for antibodies specifically against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with rapid preparation amounting to a total of 5 min, as well as high sensitivity and specificity for the MERS-CoV down to 200 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton F O Hoy
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kushiro
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Rullman E, Melin M, Mandić M, Gonon A, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Gustafsson T. Circulatory factors associated with function and prognosis in patients with severe heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:655-72. [PMID: 31562542 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Multiple circulatory factors are increased in heart failure (HF). Many have been linked to cardiac and/or skeletal muscle tissue processes, which in turn might influence physical activity and/or capacity during HF. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms linking HF with the loss of peripheral function. Methods and results Physical capacity measured by maximum oxygen uptake, myocardial function (measured by echocardiography), physical activity (measured by accelerometry), and mortality data was collected for patients with severe symptomatic heart failure an ejection fraction < 35% (n = 66) and controls (n = 28). Plasma circulatory factors were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay. Multivariate (orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis) and univariate analyses identified many factors that differed significantly between HF and control subjects, mainly involving biological functions related to cell growth and cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Then, using principal component analysis, links between circulatory factors and physical capacity, daily physical activity, and myocardial function were identified. A subset of ten biomarkers differentially expressed in patients with HF vs controls covaried with physical capacity, daily physical activity, and myocardial function; eight of these also carried prognostic value. These included established plasma biomarkers of HF, such as NT-proBNP and ST2 along with recently identified factors such as GDF15, IGFBP7, and TfR, as well as a new factor, galectin-4. Conclusions These findings reinforce the importance of systemic circulatory factors linked to hemodynamic stress responses and inflammation in the pathogenesis and progress of HF disease. They also support established biomarkers for HF and suggest new plausible markers. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00392-019-01554-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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23
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Yeh TC, Chu HT, Tsai CK, Chang HA, Yang FC, Huang SY, Liang CS. Distinct Inflammation Biomarkers in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Schizophrenia: A Reliability Testing of Multiplex Cytokine Immunoassay by Bland-Altman Analysis. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:607-614. [PMID: 31352771 PMCID: PMC6710413 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.04.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the inflammatory process has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorder, an important issue emerging is to assess the test-retest reliability of cytokine measurement in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia. The objective of the present study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of bead-based multiplex immunoassay technology (BMIT) for cytokine measurement by using a Bland-Altman plot (BAP). METHODS Twenty healthy individuals and twenty patients with schizophrenia were enrolled, and a 17-plex cytokine assay was used to measure inflammatory biomarkers at baseline and two weeks later. The test-retest reliability was examined by BAP, 95% limits of agreement (LOA), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and coefficient of repeatability (CoR). RESULTS In the healthy controls, only interleukin (IL)-2, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β showed excellent ICC. The BAP with 95% LOA determined that 13 cytokines showed acceptable 95% LOA for a 2-week test-retest reliability, and only IL-1β, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α had significant test-retest bias. The CoR of cytokines varied significantly, ranging from 1.72 to 218.1. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher levels of IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α and significantly lower levels of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Of these six cytokines, IL-12 and TNF-α were considered suboptimal reliability. CONCLUSION The findings from ICC and CoR implied that the test-retest reliability of BMIT for cytokine measurement were suboptimal. However, the BAP with 95% LOA confirmed that BMIT can reliably distinguish schizophrenia from healthy individuals in cytokine measurement, while significant within-subject variation and between-group overlapping were evident in cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Te Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Many diseases result from programming effects in utero. This chapter describes recent advances in proteomic studies which have improved our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological pathways in the major psychiatric disorders, resulting in the development of potential novel biomarker tests. Such tests should be based on measurement of blood-based proteins given the ease of accessibility of this medium and the known connections between the periphery and the central nervous system. Most importantly, emerging biomarker tests should be developed on lab-on-a-chip and other handheld devices to enable point-of-care use. This should help to identify individuals with psychiatric disorders much sooner than ever before, which will allow more rapid treatment options for the best possible patient outcomes.
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25
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Dillon R, Croner LJ, Bucci J, Kairs SN, You J, Beasley S, Blimline M, Carino RB, Chan VC, Cuevas D, Diggs J, Jennings M, Levy J, Mina G, Yee A, Wilcox B. Analytical validation of a novel multiplex test for detection of advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018. [PMID: 29533862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is key to reducing associated mortality. Despite the importance of early detection, approximately 40% of individuals in the United States between the ages of 50-75 have never been screened for CRC. The low compliance with colonoscopy and fecal-based screening may be addressed with a non-invasive alternative such as a blood-based test. We describe here the analytical validation of a multiplexed blood-based assay that measures the plasma concentrations of 15 proteins to assess advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC risk in symptomatic patients. The test was developed on an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay platform employing four multi-marker panels, to be implemented in the clinic as a laboratory developed test (LDT). Under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) regulations, a United States-based clinical laboratory utilizing an LDT must establish performance characteristics relating to analytical validity prior to releasing patient test results. This report describes a series of studies demonstrating the precision, accuracy, analytical sensitivity, and analytical specificity for each of the 15 assays, as required by CLIA/CAP. In addition, the report describes studies characterizing each of the assays' dynamic range, parallelism, tolerance to common interfering substances, spike recovery, and stability to sample freeze-thaw cycles. Upon completion of the analytical characterization, a clinical accuracy study was performed to evaluate concordance of AA and CRC classifier model calls using the analytical method intended for use in the clinic. Of 434 symptomatic patient samples tested, the percent agreement with original CRC and AA calls was 87% and 92% respectively. All studies followed CLSI guidelines and met the regulatory requirements for implementation of a new LDT. The results provide the analytical evidence to support the implementation of the novel multi-marker test as a clinical test for evaluating CRC and AA risk in symptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn Dillon
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Lisa J Croner
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - John Bucci
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Stefanie N Kairs
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jia You
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sharon Beasley
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Mark Blimline
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Rochele B Carino
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Vicky C Chan
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Danissa Cuevas
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jeff Diggs
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Megan Jennings
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jacob Levy
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ginger Mina
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Alvin Yee
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Bruce Wilcox
- Applied Proteomics, Inc., 3545 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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26
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Polacchini A, Girardi D, Falco A, Zanotta N, Comar M, De Carlo NA, Tongiorgi E. Distinct CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CCL27, IL-17, IL-6, BDNF serum profiles correlate to different job-stress outcomes. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 8:82-91. [PMID: 29511710 PMCID: PMC5834655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress at workplace is an important factor in the development of physical and mental illness. Objective biological measures of chronic stress are still lacking, but inflammatory response and growth factors are increasingly considered as potential stress biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between psychophysical strain and serum levels of 48 chemokines, cytokines and growth factors measured using a multiplex immunoassay, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) measured by ELISA. Severity of psychophysical strain was scored in 115 healthy hospital workers using specific scales for anxiety, depression-like emotion, gastrointestinal or cardiac disturbances, and ergonomic dysfunction. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher anxiety scale scores were correlated with lower serum chemokine C-C motif ligand-2 (CCL2/MCP-1), chemokine C-C motif ligand-5 (CCL5/RANTES), chemokine C-C motif ligand-27 (CCL27/CTACK), chemokine C-C motif ligand-11 (CCL11/Eotaxin) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); gastrointestinal disturbances correlated with increased levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and reduced CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL27/CTACK and CCL2/MCP-1; while cardiac dysfunctions associate only to reduced CCL27/CTACK, and ergonomic dysfunction correlated with increased BDNF and reduced CCL11/Eotaxin and CCL5/RANTES. Thus, these 7 serum factors may provide a distinct signature for each different stress-related psychophysical outcome giving indications on individual vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Polacchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Damiano Girardi
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 14, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falco
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 14, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Alberto De Carlo
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 14, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Tongiorgi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Peineau S, Degos V, Verney C, Gressens P. GluNs Detection and Functions in Microglial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1677:253-63. [PMID: 28986878 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7321-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Proving endogenous GluN presence and functions in microglia require complementary steps to demonstrate (1) that GluN genes are transcripted and translated, (2) their cellular localization, (3) that the GluN are functional, and (4) the role of the functional GluN. The complete demonstration is performed by using mRNA detection technics, western blots, immunofluorescence, electrophysiology, calcium imaging, morphology studies, multiplex immunoassay together with conditional microglial Knock-Out mice and brain lesion models.
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28
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Steiner J, Guest PC. A Clinical Study Protocol to Identify Serum Biomarkers Predictive of Response to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia Patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 974:245-50. [PMID: 28353242 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52479-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies are now exploring the potential of using blood-based biomarkers for prediction of antipsychotic treatment response in studies of schizophrenia patients. Here we describe the detailed setup of a clinical study to identify biomarker candidates for prediction of response of patients prior to receiving antipsychotics over a 6-week treatment period. The main emphasis is on study design, patient recruitment, sampling and outcome measures.
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29
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Vestjens SMT, Wagenvoort GHJ, Grutters JC, Meek B, Aldenkamp AF, Vlaminckx BJM, Bos WJW, Rijkers GT, van de Garde EMW. Changes in pathogens and pneumococcal serotypes causing community-acquired pneumonia in The Netherlands. Vaccine 2017; 35:4112-4118. [PMID: 28668570 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2006 a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the immunisation programme for infants in The Netherlands and replaced by PCV10 in 2011. Limited data exist about the impact of PCV on the aetiology of CAP as a whole. The aim of the present study is to describe the overall changes in microbial aetiology, pneumococcal burden (including non-bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia) and its serotypes in adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) after the introduction of these PCVs. METHODS Hospitalised adult CAP patients who participated in three consecutive trials were studied (2004-2006 (n=201), 2007-2009 (n=304) and 2012-2016 (n=300) and considered as pre-PCV7, PCV7 and PCV10 period). Extensive conventional microbiological testing was applied for all patients. In addition, patients with a serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody response were diagnosed with pneumococcal CAP. Changes in proportions of causative pathogens and distributions of pneumococcal serotypes were calculated. RESULTS The proportion of pneumococcal CAP decreased from 37% (n=74/201) to 26% (n=77/300) comparing the pre-PCV7 period with the PCV10 period (p=0.01). For other pathogens, including Legionella spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, and respiratory viruses, no sustained shifts were observed in their relative contribution to the aetiology of CAP. Within the pneumococcal CAP patients, we observed a decrease in PCV7 and an increase in non-PCV10 serotype disease. PCV10-extra type disease did not decrease significantly comparing the PCV10 period with the pre-PCV7 and PCV7 period, respectively. Notably, PCV7 type disease decreased both in bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that PCV introduction in infants impact the microbial aetiology of adult CAP and suggest herd effects in adults with CAP after introduction of PCVs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M T Vestjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan H J Wagenvoort
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Centre of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud F Aldenkamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J M Vlaminckx
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jan W Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ger T Rijkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Department of Sciences, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ewoudt M W van de Garde
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Steiner J, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Martins-de-Souza D. The Application of Multiplex Biomarker Techniques for Improved Stratification and Treatment of Schizophrenia Patients. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1546:19-35. [PMID: 27896755 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6730-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the case of major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, shortcomings in the conversion of scientific discoveries into newer and safer treatment options has led to a loss of confidence and precipitated a crisis for large pharmaceutical companies. This chapter describes how incorporation of multiplex biomarker approaches into the clinical pipeline can lead to better patient characterization, delivery of novel treatment approaches and help to renew efforts in this important area. The development of specific biomarker test panels for disease prediction should facilitate early intervention strategies, which may help to slow disease development or progression. Furthermore, the development of such tests using lab-on-a-chip and smartphone platforms will help to shift diagnosis and treatment of this major disorder into a point-of-care setting for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-862, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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31
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Belzeaux R, Lefebvre MN, Lazzari A, Le Carpentier T, Consoloni JL, Zendjidjian X, Abbar M, Courtet P, Naudin J, Boucraut J, Gressens P, Glaichenhaus N, Ibrahim EC. How to: Measuring blood cytokines in biological psychiatry using commercially available multiplex immunoassays. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 75:72-82. [PMID: 27810706 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by both immune and non-immune cells are likely to play roles in the development and/or progression of psychiatric disorders. Indeed, many investigators have compared the blood cytokine levels in psychiatric patients with those of healthy controls or monitored their levels in patients during disease progression to identify biomarkers. Nevertheless, very few studies have confirmed that such cytokines remain stable in healthy individuals through periods of weeks and months. This is an important issue to consider before using blood cytokine levels as biomarkers of disease traits, disease state, or treatment response. Although multiplex assay technology represents an advance in identifying biomarkers because it allows simultaneous examination of large panels of analytes from a small volume of sample, it is necessary to verify whether these assays yield enough sensitivity and reproducibility when applied to the blood from neuropsychiatric patients. Therefore, we compared two multiplex immunoassays, the bead-based Luminex® (Bio-Rad) and the electro-chemiluminescence-based V-plex® (MesoScaleDiscovery), for the detection and quantification of 31 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in both the sera and plasma of patients with major depressive episodes (MDE) and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects during a 30-week period. Although both platforms exhibited low coefficients of variability (CV) between the duplicates in the calibration curves, the linearity was better in general for the V-PLEX® platform. However, neither platform was able to detect the absolute values for all of the tested analytes. Among the 16 analytes that were detected by both assays, the intra-assay reproducibility was in general better with the V-PLEX® platform. Although it is not a general rule that the results from sera and plasma will be correlated, consistent results were more frequent with the V-PLEX® platform. Furthermore, the V-PLEX® results were more consistent with the gold standard ELISA simplex assay for IL-6 in both sera and plasma. The intra-individual variability of the measurements, among the sera and plasma for the 4 samples harvested from each healthy individual, was low for Eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, TNF, TNF-β and VEGF, but intermediate or high for IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IP10. Together, these data suggest that extreme caution is needed in translating the results of multiplex cytokine profiling into biomarker discovery in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Belzeaux
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CRN2M-UMR7286, Marseille, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France
| | | | - Anne Lazzari
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, INSERM, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis Valbonne, France
| | - Tifenn Le Carpentier
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Julia-Lou Consoloni
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CRN2M-UMR7286, Marseille, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Zendjidjian
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Mocrane Abbar
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; Département des Urgences et Post-Urgences Psychiatriques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Naudin
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - José Boucraut
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CRN2M-UMR7286, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, INSERM, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis Valbonne, France
| | - El Chérif Ibrahim
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CRN2M-UMR7286, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, Créteil, France.
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Chen X, Meng X, Xu Y, Xie H, Yin S, Li H, Wu L, Zheng S. Cytokine and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after organ transplantation. Eur J Med Res 2016; 21:38. [PMID: 27729070 PMCID: PMC5059997 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-016-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after liver and kidney transplantation has high mortality and causes diagnostic challenges. This study aims to describe the cytokine and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile in the GVHD after liver and kidney transplantation. METHODS A high-throughput detection kit was applied and altogether 18 different cytokines were tested simultaneously. GVHD patients included 23 post-liver transplantation patients; 22 post-renal transplantation patients; The control patients include 22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients without transplantation and 20 healthy controls. Their HLA characters were compared. RESULTS The full spectrum of cytokines was present. The inflammatory markers were activated significantly in liver transplantation. The level of inflammatory markers in liver transplantation was higher than that in renal transplantation, HCC or healthy controls. GVHD was associated with the HLA characters; HLA characters are involved in liver GVHD occurrence and act as risk factors. CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that the inflammatory cytokines play a pathogenic role in GVHD and can be used as early diagnostic markers. The HLA mismatch acts as a risk factor in liver transplantation to predict GVHD occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China. .,The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China. .,The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Milewski MC, Broger T, Kirkpatrick J, Filomena A, Komadina D, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Wilmanns M, Parret AHA. A standardized production pipeline for high profile targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1049-1057. [PMID: 27400835 PMCID: PMC5095800 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Tuberculosis is still a major threat to global health. New tools and strategies to produce disease‐related proteins are quintessential for the development of novel vaccines and diagnostic markers. Experimental design To obtain recombinant proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for use in clinical applications, a standardized procedure was developed that includes subcloning, protein expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis and protein purification using chromatography. The potential for the different protein targets to serve as diagnostic markers for tuberculosis was established using multiplex immunoassays. Results Twelve soluble proteins from Mtb, including one protein complex, were purified to near‐homogeneity following recombinant expression in M. smegmatis. Protein purity was assessed both by size exclusion chromatography and MS. Multiplex serological testing of the final protein preparations showed that all but one protein displayed a clear antibody response in serum samples from 278 tuberculosis patients. Conclusion and clinical relevance The established workflow comprises a simple, cost‐effective, and scalable pipeline for production of soluble proteins from Mtb and can be used to prioritize immunogenic proteins suitable for use as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morlin C Milewski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Broger
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Filomena
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dana Komadina
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany.,University of Hamburg Clinical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annabel H A Parret
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany.
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Haenisch F, Cooper JD, Reif A, Kittel-Schneider S, Steiner J, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, van Beveren NJM, Crespo-Facorro B, Niebuhr DW, Cowan DN, Weber NS, Yolken RH, Penninx BWJH, Bahn S. Towards a blood-based diagnostic panel for bipolar disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 52:49-57. [PMID: 26441135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a costly, devastating and life shortening mental disorder that is often misdiagnosed, especially on initial presentation. Misdiagnosis frequently results in ineffective treatment. We investigated the utility of a biomarker panel as a diagnostic test for BD. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a meta-analysis of eight case-control studies to define a diagnostic biomarker panel for BD. After validating the panel on established BD patients, we applied it to undiagnosed BD patients. We analysed 249 BD, 122 pre-diagnostic BD, 75 pre-diagnostic schizophrenia and 90 first onset major depression disorder (MDD) patients and 371 controls. The biomarker panel was identified using ten-fold cross-validation with lasso regression applied to the 87 analytes available across the meta-analysis studies. We identified 20 protein analytes with excellent predictive performance [area under the curve (AUC)⩾0.90]. Importantly, the panel had a good predictive performance (AUC 0.84) to differentiate 12 misdiagnosed BD patients from 90 first onset MDD patients, and a fair to good predictive performance (AUC 0.79) to differentiate between 110 pre-diagnostic BD patients and 184 controls. We also demonstrated the disease specificity of the panel. CONCLUSIONS An early and accurate diagnosis has the potential to delay or even prevent the onset of BD. This study demonstrates the potential utility of a biomarker panel as a diagnostic test for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Haenisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - F Markus Leweke
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Nico J M van Beveren
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria - IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, Santander, Spain
| | - David W Niebuhr
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David N Cowan
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Natalya S Weber
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Augustine SAJ, Simmons KJ, Eason TN, Griffin SM, Curioso CL, Wymer LJ, Shay Fout G, Grimm AC, Oshima KH, Dufour A. Statistical approaches to developing a multiplex immunoassay for determining human exposure to environmental pathogens. J Immunol Methods 2015; 425:1-9. [PMID: 26070441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous pathogens that can be transmitted through water. Identifying and understanding the routes and magnitude of exposure or infection to these microbial contaminants are critical to assessing and mitigating risk. Conventional approaches of studying immunological responses to exposure or infection such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) and other monoplex antibody-based immunoassays can be very costly, laborious, and consume large quantities of patient sample. A major limitation of these approaches is that they can only be used to measure one analyte at a time. Multiplex immunoassays provide the ability to study multiple pathogens simultaneously in microliter volumes of samples. However, there are several challenges that must be addressed when developing these multiplex immunoassays such as selection of specific antigens and antibodies, cross-reactivity, calibration, protein-reagent interferences, and the need for rigorous optimization of protein concentrations. In this study, a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach was used to optimize reagent concentrations for coupling selected antigens to Luminex™ xMAP microspheres for use in an indirect capture, multiplex immunoassay to detect human exposure or infection from pathogens that are potentially transmitted through water. Results from Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella typhimurium singleplexes were used to determine the mean concentrations that would be applied to the multiplex assay. Cut-offs to differentiate between exposed and non-exposed individuals were determined using finite mixed modeling (FMM). The statistical approaches developed facilitated the detection of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to H. pylori, C. jejuni, Toxoplasma gondii, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus and noroviruses (VA387 and Norwalk strains) in fifty-four diagnostically characterized plasma samples. Of the characterized samples, the detection rate was 87.5% for H. pylori, and 100% for T. gondii assays and 89% for HAV. Further, the optimized multiplex assay revealed exposure/infection to several other environmental pathogens previously uncharacterized in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swinburne A J Augustine
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Kaneatra J Simmons
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Tarsha N Eason
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Shannon M Griffin
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | | | - Larry J Wymer
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - G Shay Fout
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Ann C Grimm
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Kevin H Oshima
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Al Dufour
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Mahboob S, Ahn SB, Cheruku HR, Cantor D, Rennel E, Fredriksson S, Edfeldt G, Breen EJ, Khan A, Mohamedali A, Muktadir MG, Ranganathan S, Tan SH, Nice E, Baker MS. A novel multiplexed immunoassay identifies CEA, IL-8 and prolactin as prospective markers for Dukes' stages A-D colorectal cancers. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:10. [PMID: 25987887 PMCID: PMC4435647 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-015-9081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current methods widely deployed for colorectal cancers (CRC) screening lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity required for population-based early disease detection. Cancer-specific protein biomarkers are thought to be produced either by the tumor itself or other tissues in response to the presence of cancers or associated conditions. Equally, known examples of cancer protein biomarkers (e.g., PSA, CA125, CA19-9, CEA, AFP) are frequently found in plasma at very low concentration (pg/mL-ng/mL). New sensitive and specific assays are therefore urgently required to detect the disease at an early stage when prognosis is good following surgical resection. This study was designed to meet the longstanding unmet clinical need for earlier CRC detection by measuring plasma candidate biomarkers of cancer onset and progression in a clinical stage-specific manner. EDTA plasma samples (1 μL) obtained from 75 patients with Dukes’ staged CRC or unaffected controls (age and sex matched with stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria) were assayed for expression of 92 human proteins employing the Proseek® Multiplex Oncology I proximity extension assay. An identical set of plasma samples were analyzed utilizing the Bio-Plex Pro™ human cytokine 27-plex immunoassay. Results Similar quantitative expression patterns for 13 plasma antigens common to both platforms endorsed the potential efficacy of Proseek as an immune-based multiplex assay for proteomic biomarker research. Proseek found that expression of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), IL-8 and prolactin are significantly correlated with CRC stage. Conclusions CEA, IL-8 and prolactin expression were found to identify between control (unaffected), non-malignant (Dukes’ A + B) and malignant (Dukes’ C + D) stages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-015-9081-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mahboob
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Harish R Cheruku
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - David Cantor
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Emma Rennel
- Olink Bioscience, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 54A, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Edmond J Breen
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Alamgir Khan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Md Golam Muktadir
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Sock-Hwee Tan
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Mark S Baker
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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Tighe PJ, Ryder RR, Todd I, Fairclough LC. ELISA in the multiplex era: potentials and pitfalls. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:406-22. [PMID: 25644123 PMCID: PMC6680274 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex immunoassays confer several advantages over widely adopted singleplex immunoassays including increased efficiency at a reduced expense, greater output per sample volume ratios and higher throughput predicating more resolute, detailed diagnostics and facilitating personalised medicine. Nonetheless, to date, relatively few protein multiplex immunoassays have been validated for in vitro diagnostics in clinical/point-of-care settings. This review article will outline the challenges, which must be ameliorated prior to the widespread integration of multiplex immunoassays in clinical settings: (i) biomarker validation; (ii) standardisation of immunoassay design and quality control (calibration and quantification); (iii) availability, stability, specificity and cross-reactivity of reagents; (iv) assay automation and the use of validated algorithms for transformation of raw data into diagnostic results. A compendium of multiplex immunoassays applicable to in vitro diagnostics and a summary of the diagnostic products currently available commercially are included, along with an analysis of the relative states of development for each format (namely planar slide based, suspension and planar/microtitre plate based) with respect to the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Hermann N, Dreßen K, Schildberg FA, Jakobs C, Holdenrieder S. Methodical and pre-analytical characteristics of a multiplex cancer biomarker immunoassay. World J Methodol 2014; 4:219-231. [PMID: 25541602 PMCID: PMC4274581 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v4.i4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To test the methodical and pre-analytical performance of a new multiplex cancer biomarker panel using magnetic beads.
METHODS: The MILLIPLEX® MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 comprises the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, total prostate-specific antigen, cancer antigen 15-3, cancer antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, cytokeratine 19-fragment, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, human epididymis protein 4, osteopontin, prolactin, the cell death and angiogenesis markers soluble Fas, soluble Fas-ligand, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor and the immunological markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor α, fibroblast growth factor-2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, leptin, hepatocyte growth factor, and stem cell factor. We determined intra- and inter-assay imprecision as well as dilution linearity using quality controls and serum pools. Furthermore, the stability of the 24 biomarkers examined in this panel was ascertained by testing the influence of different storage temperatures and time span before centrifugation.
RESULTS: For all markers measured in the synthetic internal quality controls, the intra-assay imprecision ranged between 2.26% and 9.41%, while for 20 of 24 measured markers in the physiological serum pools, it ranged between 1.68% and 12.87%. The inter-assay imprecision ranged between 1.48%-17.12% for 23 biomarkers in synthetic, and between 4.59%-23.88% for 18 biomarkers in physiological quality controls. Here, single markers with very low concentration levels had increased imprecision rates. Dilution linearity was acceptable (70%-130% recovery) for 20 biomarkers. Regarding pre-analytical influencing factors, most markers were stable if blood centrifugation was delayed or if serum was stored for up to 24 h at 4 °C and 25 °C after centrifugation. Comparable results were obtained in serum and plasma for most markers. However, great changes were observed for single markers.
CONCLUSION: MILLIPLEX® MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 assay is a stable and precise method for detection of most biomarkers included in the kit. However, single markers have to be interpreted with care.
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de Witte L, Tomasik J, Schwarz E, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Kahn RS, Bahn S. Cytokine alterations in first-episode schizophrenia patients before and after antipsychotic treatment. Schizophr Res 2014; 154:23-9. [PMID: 24582037 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been associated with central nervous system and peripheral immune system imbalances. However, most studies have not yielded conclusive results due to limitations such as small sample size, dissimilarities in the clinical status of patients and the high variability of cytokine levels within the normal human population. Here, we have attempted to account for these limitations by carrying out standardised multiplex immunoassay analyses of 9 cytokines in serum from 180 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients and 350 matched controls across 5 clinical cohorts. All subjects were matched for potential confounding factors including age, gender, smoking and body mass index. We found that the levels of interleukin (IL)-1RA, IL-10 and IL-15 were increased significantly in patients across the cohorts. We also found that the levels of IL-1RA and IL-10 were decreased in 32 patients who had been followed up and treated for 6 weeks with atypical antipsychotics. Interestingly, we found that the changes in IL-10 levels were significantly correlated with the improvements in negative, general and total symptom scores. These results indicate that mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may be altered in first onset patients, suggesting a role in the aetiology of schizophrenia. The finding that only the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 responded to treatment in parallel with symptom improvement suggests that this could be used as a potential treatment response biomarker in future studies of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lot de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21QT, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21QT, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21QT, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21QT, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21QT, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Haenisch F, Alsaif M, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Dickerson F, Yolken R, Bahn S. Multiplex immunoassay analysis of plasma shows prominent upregulation of growth factor activity pathways linked to GSK3β signaling in bipolar patients. J Affect Disord 2014; 156:139-43. [PMID: 24411062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of bipolar disorder (BD) aetiology has advanced in recent years but our ability to translate this to improve patient care in the clinic is still limited. METHODS In this study, we have measured the concentrations of 190 different molecules using sensitive multiplex immunoassays in plasma of 17 BD patients compared to 46 matched control subjects. RESULTS The analyses led to the identification of 26 dysregulated proteins in BD patients compared to controls. These molecules were comprised mostly of growth factors, hormones, lipid transport and inflammatory proteins. Decreased apolipoprotein A1 has previously been associated with BD patients and this was confirmed in our study. LIMITATIONS The present pilot study was limited by its small sample size, use of multiple drug treatments and the lack of dietary restrictions at the time of sampling. CONCLUSIONS Future studies may increase our understanding of BD which will help to pave the way for much-needed patient stratification for better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Haenisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Murtada Alsaif
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert Yolken
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ostendorff HP, Awad A, Braunschweiger KI, Liu Z, Wan Z, Rothschild KJ, Lim MJ. Multiplexed VeraCode bead-based serological immunoassay for colorectal cancer. J Immunol Methods 2013; 400-401:58-69. [PMID: 24161315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US and Western world. Despite increased screening and advances in treatment, the mortality rate (ca. 50,000/year) and high national health-care burden for CRC are likely to remain high unless an effective non-invasive screening test for CRC is instituted for a large segment of the population. Blood-based protein biomarkers hold great promise for early disease diagnosis and personalized medicine; yet robust and reproducible multiplexing platforms and methodologies have lagged behind their genomic counterparts. Here, we report the development of a novel, multiplexed, hybrid immunoassay for CRC that is formatted on barcoded VeraCode™ micro-beads, which have until now only been used for genomic assays. The method combines a sandwich immunoassay format for detection of serum protein biomarkers with an antigen assay for autoantibody detection. The serum protein biomarkers CEA and GDF15 as well as autoantibodies to the p53 tumor associated antigen (TAA) were used to exemplify the method. This multiplex biomarker panel was configured to run on Illumina's holographically barcoded VeraCode™ micro-bead platform, which is capable of measuring hundreds of analytes simultaneously in a single well from small volumes of blood (<50 μL) using a 96-well industry standard microtiter plate. This novel use of the VeraCode™ micro-bead platform translates into a potentially low volume, high throughput, multiplexed assay for CRC, for the purposes of biomarker validation, as well as patient screening, diagnostics and prognostics. In an evaluation of a 186 patient sera training set (CRC and normal), we obtained a diagnostic sensitivity of 54% and a specificity of 98%. We anticipate that by expanding and refining the biomarkers in this initial panel, and performing more extensive clinical validations, such an assay could ultimately provide a basis for CRC population screening to complement the more invasive, expensive and low throughput (but highly sensitive and specific) colonoscopy.
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Guerriero E, Capone F, Rusolo F, Colonna G, Castello G, Costantini S. Dissimilar cytokine patterns in different human liver and colon cancer cell lines. Cytokine 2013; 64:584-9. [PMID: 24064000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and simultaneous estimate of cellular levels of a large cytokine number is very useful to obtain information about an organ dysfunction leading to cancer because through the understanding of the evolution of cytokine patterns we can recognize and predict the disease progression. Cancer cell lines are commonly used to study the cancer microenvironment, to analyze their chemosensitivity and carcinogenesis as well as to test in vitro the effect of molecules, such as drugs or anti-oxidants, on the inflammation status and its progression. We noted that various cell lines commonly used as a model for studies on liver and colon cancer possess different patterns of cytokines. This aspect may generate data not comparable in laboratories using different cell lines; thus, to investigate the origin of these abnormalities we compared the cell lines HepG2 and Huh7, and HT-29 and HCT-116, for liver and colon cancer, respectively. In this context we have evaluated and compared the levels of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in the supernatants of these cellular lines. Our aim was to identify what cytokines were significantly different correlating similarities and differences to the specific inflammation status of each cellular model of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Guerriero
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Italy
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