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Pavlenok M, Nair RR, Hendrickson RC, Niederweis M. The C-terminus is essential for the stability of the mycobacterial channel protein MspA. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4912. [PMID: 38358254 PMCID: PMC10868439 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins perform essential functions in uptake and secretion processes in bacteria. MspA is an octameric channel protein in the outer membrane of Mycobacterium smegmatis and is structurally distinct from any other known outer membrane protein. MspA is the founding member of a family with more than 3000 homologs and is one of the most widely used proteins in nanotechnological applications due to its advantageous pore structure and extraordinary stability. While a conserved C-terminal signal sequence is essential for folding and protein assembly in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, the molecular determinants of these processes are unknown for MspA. In this study, we show that mutation and deletion of methionine 183 in the highly conserved C-terminus of MspA and mutation of the conserved tryptophan 40 lead to a complete loss of protein in heat extracts of M. smegmatis. Swapping these residues partially restores the heat stability of MspA indicating that methionine 183 and tryptophan 40 form a conserved sulfur-π electron interaction, which stabilizes the MspA monomer. Flow cytometry showed that all MspA mutants are surface-accessible demonstrating that oligomerization and membrane integration in M. smegmatis are not affected. Thus, the conserved C-terminus of MspA is essential for its thermal stability, but it is not required for protein assembly in its native membrane, indicating that this process is mediated by a mechanism distinct from that in Gram-negative bacteria. These findings will benefit the rational design of MspA-like pores to tailor their properties in current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pavlenok
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | | | | | - Michael Niederweis
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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2
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Odstrcil RE, Dutta P, Liu J. Prediction of the Peptide-TIM3 Binding Site in Inhibiting TIM3-Galectin 9 Binding Pathways. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6500-6509. [PMID: 37649156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (TIM3) is an important receptor protein that modulates the immune system. The binding of TIM3 with Galectin 9 (GAL9) triggers immune system suppression, but the TIM3-GAL9 binding can be inhibited by binding of the peptide P26 to TIM3. A fast and accurate prediction of the P26-TIM3 binding site is crucial and a prerequisite for the investigation of P26-TIM3 interactions and TIM3-GAL9 binding pathways. Here, we present a machine learning approach, which considers protein conformational changes, to quickly identify the ligand-binding site on TIM3. Our results show that the P26 binding site is located near the C″-D loop of TIM3. Further simulations show that the binding pose is stabilized by a variety of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Binding of P26 can alter the conformations of nearby glycan side chains on TIM3, providing possible mechanisms of how P26 inhibits TIM3-GAL9 binding pathways. The insights from this work will facilitate the identification of other peptides or antibodies that may also inhibit the TIM3-GAL9 pathways and eventually lead to improved attempts in the modulation of the TIM3-GAL9 immunosuppression pathways. The strategies and machine learning method can be generalized to study ligand-receptor binding when the conformational changes during the binding are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Odstrcil
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman ,Washington 99164, United States
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman ,Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman ,Washington 99164, United States
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3
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Pimentel LF, Gomes da Cunha JE, Morelato RL, de Paula F, de Oliveira JRM. Epidemiological genetics and meta-analysis of a polymorphism at codon 129 of the PRNP gene in Alzheimer's disease in Brazil. Neurol Res 2014; 36:775-8. [PMID: 24620982 DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) is a major risk factor for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Several authors reported neuropathological and clinical overlapping between CJD and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a few association studies generating conflicting results. To investigate the distribution of this polymorphism in AD, we selected 58 patients with probable AD and 73 controls from a Brazilian population. There was no association between the PRNP polymorphism at codon 129 and AD. Our meta-analysis (performed using Alzgene; http://www.alzgene.org) along with previous studies conducted in Brazil demonstrated a negative association.
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4
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Smid J, Landemberger MC, Bahia VS, Martins VR, Nitrini R. Codon 129 polymorphism of prion protein gene in is not a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2013; 71:423-7. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20130055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of prion protein and amyloid-b oligomers has been demonstrated recently. Homozygosity at prion protein gene (PRNP) codon 129 is associated with higher risk for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This polymorphism has been addressed as a possible risk factor in Alzheimer disease (AD).ObjectiveTo describe the association between codon 129 polymorphisms and AD.MethodsWe investigated the association of codon 129 polymorphism of PRNP in 99 AD patients and 111 controls, and the association between this polymorphism and cognitive performance. Other polymorphisms of PRNP and additive effect of apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) were evaluated.ResultsCodon 129 genotype distribution in AD 45.5% methionine (MM), 42.2% methionine valine (MV), 12.1% valine (VV); and 39.6% MM, 50.5% MV, 9.9% VV among controls (p>0.05). There were no differences of cognitive performance concerning codon 129. Stratification according to ApoE genotype did not reveal difference between groups.ConclusionCodon 129 polymorphism is not a risk factor for AD in Brazilian patients.
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5
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Zhou J, Liu B. Alzheimer's disease and prion protein. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2013; 2:35-44. [PMID: 25343100 PMCID: PMC4204584 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2013.v2.2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with progressive loss of memory and cognitive function, pathologically hallmarked by aggregates of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Aggregation of Aβ under the form of amyloid fibrils has long been considered central to the pathogenesis of AD. However, recent evidence has indicated that soluble Aβ oligomers, rather than insoluble fibrils, are the main neurotoxic species in AD. The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) has newly been identified as a cell surface receptor for Aβ oligomers. PrP(C) is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a key role in the propagation of prions, proteinaceous infectious agents that replicate by imposing their abnormal conformation to PrP(C) molecules. In AD, PrP(C) acts to transduce the neurotoxic signals arising from Aβ oligomers, leading to synaptic failure and cognitive impairment. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has also shown that aggregated Aβ or tau possesses prion-like activity, a property that would allow them to spread throughout the brain. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the function of PrP(C) and its role in AD, and discuss potential therapeutic implications of PrP(C)-based approaches in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jiayi Zhou, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. E-mail:
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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A patient with posterior cortical atrophy possesses a novel mutation in the presenilin 1 gene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61074. [PMID: 23593396 PMCID: PMC3625161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy is a dementia syndrome with symptoms of cortical visual dysfunction, associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles predominantly affecting visual association cortex. Most patients diagnosed with posterior cortical atrophy will finally develop a typical Alzheimer's disease. However, there are a variety of neuropathological processes, which could lead towards a clinical presentation of posterior cortical atrophy. Mutations in the presenilin 1 gene, affecting the function of γ-secretase, are the most common genetic cause of familial, early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Here we present a patient with a clinical diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy who harbors a novel Presenilin 1 mutation (I211M). In silico analysis predicts that the mutation could influence the interaction between presenilin 1 and presenilin1 enhancer-2 protein, a protein partner within the γ-secretase complex. These findings along with published literature support the inclusion of posterior cortical atrophy on the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.
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7
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Golanska E, Sieruta M, Corder E, Gresner SM, Pfeffer A, Chodakowska-Zebrowska M, Sobow TM, Klich I, Mossakowska M, Szybinska A, Barcikowska M, Liberski PP. The prion protein M129V polymorphism: longevity and cognitive impairment among Polish centenarians. Prion 2013; 7:244-7. [PMID: 23406923 DOI: 10.4161/pri.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PRNP gene encodes the cellular isoform of prion protein (PrP (c) ). The M129V polymorphism influences the risk of prion diseases and may modulate the rate of neurodegeneration with age. We present the first study of the polymorphism among Polish centenarians. In the control group (n = 165, ages 18 to 56 years) the observed M129V genotype frequencies agreed with those expected according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (MM, MV, VV): 43%, 44%, 13% (HWE p > 0.05). Among centenarians (n = 150, ages 100 to 107) both homozygotes were more common than expected and HWE was rejected: 46%, 37%, 17% (expected 42%, 46%, 13%; HWE p = 0.025). This finding is consistent with a higher mortality rate among heterozygotes. However, the observed allele and genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between the oldest-old and the young controls. The genotypic frequencies were not related to severe cognitive impairment among the centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Golanska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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8
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He J, Li X, Yang J, Huang J, Fu X, Zhang Y, Fan H. The association between the methionine/valine (M/V) polymorphism (rs1799990) in the PRNP gene and the risk of Alzheimer disease: an update by meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2013; 326:89-95. [PMID: 23399523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The M/V polymorphism in the PRNP gene has been extensively examined for the association to the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, results from different studies have been inconsistent. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the M/V polymorphism in the PRNP gene and the risk of AD. METHODS A meta-analysis was carried out to analyze the association between the M/V polymorphism in the PRNP gene and the risk of AD. RESULTS A total of 4228 cases and 4324 controls in 16 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that the variant V allele carriers (VV+MV) had a 13% decreased risk of AD, when compared with the homozygote MM (VV+MV vs. MM: OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.79-0.96, P=0.004). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant decreased risks of AD were found in the Caucasian V allele carriers (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77-0.94, P=0.002), but not in Asian V allele carriers (OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.78-1.57, P=0.57). In the subgroup analysis by age of onset, significant decreased risks of AD were associated with V allele carriers in late-onset Alzheimer disease (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.62-0.93, P=0.007) but not in early-onset Alzheimer disease (OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.70-1.06, P=0.17). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the M/V polymorphism in the PRNP gene contributes to the susceptibility of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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9
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Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia among older adults, yet more than a century of research has not determined why this disease develops. One prevailing hypothesis is that late-onset AD is caused by infectious pathogens, an idea widely studied in both humans and experimental animal models. This review examines the infectious AD etiology hypothesis and summarizes existing evidence associating infectious agents with AD in humans. The various mechanisms through which different clinical and subclinical infections could cause or promote the progression of AD are considered, as is the concordance between putative infectious agents and the epidemiology of AD. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases for research articles pertaining to infections and AD and systematically reviewed the evidence linking specific infectious pathogens to AD. The evidence compiled from the literature linking AD to an infectious cause is inconclusive, but the amount of evidence suggestive of an association is too substantial to ignore. Epidemiologic, clinical, and basic science studies that could improve on current understanding of the associations between AD and infections and possibly uncover ways to control this highly prevalent and debilitating disease are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Wallace
- Correspondence to Dr. Robert Wallace, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 105 River St. Iowa City, IA 52242 (e-mail: )
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10
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Younan ND, Sarell CJ, Davies P, Brown DR, Viles JH. The cellular prion protein traps Alzheimer's Aβ in an oligomeric form and disassembles amyloid fibers. FASEB J 2013; 27:1847-58. [PMID: 23335053 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-222588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There is now strong evidence to show that the presence of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) mediates amyloid-β (Aβ) neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we probe the molecular details of the interaction between PrP(C) and Aβ and discover that substoichiometric amounts of PrP(C), as little as 1/20, relative to Aβ will strongly inhibit amyloid fibril formation. This effect is specific to the unstructured N-terminal domain of PrP(C). Electron microscopy indicates PrP(C) is able to trap Aβ in an oligomeric form. Unlike fibers, this oligomeric Aβ contains antiparallel β sheet and binds to a oligomer specific conformational antibody. Our NMR studies show that a specific region of PrP(C), notably residues 95-113, binds to Aβ oligomers, but only once Aβ misfolds. The ability of PrP(C) to trap and concentrate Aβ in an oligomeric form and disassemble mature fibers suggests a mechanism by which PrP(C) might confer Aβ toxicity in AD, as oligomers are thought to be the toxic form of Aβ. Identification of a specific recognition site on PrP(C) that traps Aβ in an oligomeric form is potentially a therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine D Younan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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11
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Valley CC, Cembran A, Perlmutter JD, Lewis AK, Labello NP, Gao J, Sachs JN. The methionine-aromatic motif plays a unique role in stabilizing protein structure. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34979-34991. [PMID: 22859300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.374504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the 20 amino acids, the precise function of methionine (Met) remains among the least well understood. To establish a determining characteristic of methionine that fundamentally differentiates it from purely hydrophobic residues, we have used in vitro cellular experiments, molecular simulations, quantum calculations, and a bioinformatics screen of the Protein Data Bank. We show that approximately one-third of all known protein structures contain an energetically stabilizing Met-aromatic motif and, remarkably, that greater than 10,000 structures contain this motif more than 10 times. Critically, we show that as compared with a purely hydrophobic interaction, the Met-aromatic motif yields an additional stabilization of 1-1.5 kcal/mol. To highlight its importance and to dissect the energetic underpinnings of this motif, we have studied two clinically relevant TNF ligand-receptor complexes, namely TRAIL-DR5 and LTα-TNFR1. In both cases, we show that the motif is necessary for high affinity ligand binding as well as function. Additionally, we highlight previously overlooked instances of the motif in several disease-related Met mutations. Our results strongly suggest that the Met-aromatic motif should be exploited in the rational design of therapeutics targeting a range of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Valley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Alessandro Cembran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jason D Perlmutter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Andrew K Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Nicholas P Labello
- Department of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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12
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Lewis V, Whitehouse IJ, Baybutt H, Manson JC, Collins SJ, Hooper NM. Cellular prion protein expression is not regulated by the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31754. [PMID: 22363722 PMCID: PMC3283671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of molecular and cellular links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases. The cellular prion protein, PrPC, modulates the post-translational processing of the AD amyloid precursor protein (APP), through its inhibition of the β-secretase BACE1, and oligomers of amyloid-β bind to PrPC which may mediate amyloid-β neurotoxicity. In addition, the APP intracellular domain (AICD), which acts as a transcriptional regulator, has been reported to control the expression of PrPC. Through the use of transgenic mice, cell culture models and manipulation of APP expression and processing, this study aimed to clarify the role of AICD in regulating PrPC. Over-expression of the three major isoforms of human APP (APP695, APP751 and APP770) in cultured neuronal and non-neuronal cells had no effect on the level of endogenous PrPC. Furthermore, analysis of brain tissue from transgenic mice over-expressing either wild type or familial AD associated mutant human APP revealed unaltered PrPC levels. Knockdown of endogenous APP expression in cells by siRNA or inhibition of γ-secretase activity also had no effect on PrPC levels. Overall, we did not detect any significant difference in the expression of PrPC in any of the cell or animal-based paradigms considered, indicating that the control of cellular PrPC levels by AICD is not as straightforward as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lewis
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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13
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Calero O, Bullido MJ, Clarimón J, Frank-García A, Martínez-Martín P, Lleó A, Rey MJ, Rábano A, Blesa R, Gómez-Isla T, Valdivieso F, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Ferrer I, Calero M. Genetic cross-interaction between APOE and PRNP in sporadic Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22090. [PMID: 21799773 PMCID: PMC3140492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) represent two distinct clinical entities belonging to a wider group, generically named as conformational disorders that share common pathophysiologic mechanisms. It is well-established that the APOE ε4 allele and homozygosity at polymorphic codon 129 in the PRNP gene are the major genetic risk factors for AD and human prion diseases, respectively. However, the roles of PRNP in AD, and APOE in CJD are controversial. In this work, we investigated for the first time, APOE and PRNP genotypes simultaneously in 474 AD and 175 sporadic CJD (sCJD) patients compared to a common control population of 335 subjects. Differences in genotype distribution between patients and control subjects were studied by logistic regression analysis using age and gender as covariates. The effect size of risk association and synergy factors were calculated using the logistic odds ratio estimates. Our data confirmed that the presence of APOE ε4 allele is associated with a higher risk of developing AD, while homozygosity at PRNP gene constitutes a risk for sCJD. Opposite, we found no association for PRNP with AD, nor for APOE with sCJD. Interestingly, when AD and sCJD patients were stratified according to their respective main risk genes (APOE for AD, and PRNP for sCJD), we found statistically significant associations for the other gene in those strata at higher previous risk. Synergy factor analysis showed a synergistic age-dependent interaction between APOE and PRNP in both AD (SF = 3.59, p = 0.027), and sCJD (SF = 7.26, p = 0.005). We propose that this statistical epistasis can partially explain divergent data from different association studies. Moreover, these results suggest that the genetic interaction between APOE and PRNP may have a biological correlate that is indicative of shared neurodegenerative pathways involved in AD and sCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Calero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CNM-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Bullido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research “Hospital la Paz” (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Frank-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research “Hospital la Paz” (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rey
- Banco de Tejidos Neurológicos Universidad de Barcelona-Hospital Clínico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Banco de Tejidos de la Fundación CIEN, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gómez-Isla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Valdivieso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research “Hospital la Paz” (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús de Pedro-Cuesta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Área de Epidemiologia Aplicada, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CNM-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuropathology (INP), IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CNM-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Abstract
The relationship between Alzheimer disease (AD) and prion-related encephalopathies (TSE) has been proposed by different points of view. Recently, the scientific attention has been attracted by the results proposing the possibility that PrPc, the protein whose pathologic form is responsible of TSE, can mediated the toxic effect of β amyloid (Aβ) oligomers. The oligomers are considered the culprit of the neurodegenerative process associated to AD, although the pathogenic mechanism activated by these small aggregates remain to be elucidated. In the initial study based on the binding screening PrPc was identified as ligand /receptor of Aβ oligomers, while long term potentiation (LTP) analysis in vitro and behavioural studies in vivo, demonstrated that the absence of PrPc abolished the damage induced by Aβ oligomers. The high affinity binding Aβ oligomers-PrPc has been confirmed, whereas a functional role of this association has been excluded by three different studies. We approached this issue by the direct application of Aβ oligomers in the brain followed by the behavioural examination of memory deficits. Our data using PrP knock-out mice suggest that Aβ 1-42 oligomers are responsible for cognitive impairment in AD but PrPc is not required for their effect. Similarly, in two other studies the LTP alterations induced by Aβ 1-42 oligomers was not influenced by the absence of PrP. Possible explanations of these contradictory results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Forloni
- Biology of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
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15
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Jeong BH, Lee KH, Lee YJ, Kim YJ, Choi EK, Kim YH, Cho YS, Carp RI, Kim YS. Lack of association between PRNP 1368 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:32. [PMID: 19351416 PMCID: PMC2676277 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) at codons 129 and 219 play an important role in the susceptibility to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and might be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders. Several recent reports indicate that polymorphisms outside the coding region of PRNP modulate the expression of prion protein and are associated with sporadic CJD, although other studies failed to show an association. These reports involved the polymorphism PRNP 1368 which is located upstream from PRNP exon 1. In a case-controlled protocol, we assessed the possible association between the PRNP 1368 polymorphism and either Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia (VaD). METHODS To investigate whether the PRNP 1368 polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of AD or VaD in the Korean population, we compared the genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies of the PRNP 1368 polymorphism in 152 AD patients and 192 VaD patients with frequencies in 268 healthy Koreans. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Significant differences in genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of PRNP 1368 polymorphism were not observed between AD and normal controls. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the PRNP 1368 polymorphism between Korean VaD patients and normal controls. However, in the haplotype analysis, haplotype Ht5 was significantly over-represented in Korean VaD patients. This was the first genetic association study of a polymorphism outside the coding region of PRNP in relation to AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, 1605-4 Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Lee
- Samkwang Medical Laboratories, 9–60, Yangjae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137–887, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Lee
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, 1605-4 Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, 1605-4 Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, 1605-4 Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Samkwang Medical Laboratories, 9–60, Yangjae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137–887, South Korea
| | - Young-Sook Cho
- Samkwang Medical Laboratories, 9–60, Yangjae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137–887, South Korea
| | - Richard I Carp
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, 1605-4 Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, South Korea
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Inclusion Body Myositis: A View from the Caenorhabditis elegans Muscle. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 38:178-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Poleggi A, Bizzarro A, Acciarri A, Antuono P, Bagnoli S, Cellini E, Forno GD, Giannattasio C, Lauria A, Matera MG, Nacmias B, Puopolo M, Seripa D, Sorbi S, Wekstein DR, Pocchiari M, Masullo C. Codon 129 polymorphism of prion protein gene in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:173-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.02021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jeong BH, Na HR, Bae JC, Lee KH, Lee YJ, Kim NH, Song JH, Carp RI, Kim YS. Absence of association between codon 129 and 219 polymorphisms of the prion protein gene and vascular dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 24:86-90. [PMID: 17570906 DOI: 10.1159/000103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) are known to cause a strong susceptibility to the occurrence of prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and might be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders. However, an association between PRNP polymorphisms and vascular dementia (VaD) has not been reported thus far. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the PRNP polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for developing VaD in the Korean population. METHODS We compared the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of PRNP polymorphisms in 160 VaD patients with those in 236 healthy Koreans. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Codon 129 (M129V) and 219 (Q219K) polymorphisms in Korean VaD patients were found in the open reading frame of PRNP. Our study shows that there is no significant difference in the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of PRNP codon 129 and 219 polymorphisms between Korean VaD patients and normal controls. This was the first genetic association study of the polymorphisms of PRNP with VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
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Jeong BH, Lee KH, Jeong YE, Hwang KA, Lee YJ, Carp RI, Ju YR, Kim YS. Polymorphisms at codons 129 and 219 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) are not associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease in the Korean population. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:621-6. [PMID: 17539938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of prion protein gene (PRNP) at codons 129 and 219 play an important role in the susceptibility to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases, such as CJD, are both characterized by the accumulation of abnormally folded proteins in the brain. An association between sporadic AD and the PRNP polymorphism at codon 129 has been reported in several studies, but other studies have failed to confirm an association. To investigate whether PRNP polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for developing sporadic AD in the Korean population, we compared the genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies of PRNP polymorphisms in 271 sporadic AD patients with those in 236 healthy Koreans. Our study does not show a significant difference in PRNP genotype, allele, and haplotype frequency at codons 129 and 219 between sporadic AD and normal controls. Analyses stratifying by age at disease onset, and gender also failed to reveal any association between these polymorphisms and sporadic AD. These results indicate that these PRNP polymorphisms have no direct influence on the susceptibility to sporadic AD in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-H Jeong
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyounggi-do, South Korea
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