1
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Khalid A, Khan W, Zia K, Azizuddin, Ahsan W, Alhazmi HA, Abdalla AN, Najmi A, Khan A, Bouyahya A, Ul-Haq Z, Khan A. Natural coumarins from Murraya paniculata as mixed-type inhibitors of cholinesterases: In vitro and in silico investigations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1133809. [PMID: 36969847 PMCID: PMC10034409 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1133809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting drugs in clinical use, such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galanthamine, are associated with serious side effects and short half-lives. In recent years, numerous phytochemicals have been identified as inhibitors of cholinesterases with potential applications in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study three natural coumarins, 2′-O-ethylmurrangatin (1), murranganone (2), and paniculatin (3) isolated previously by our group from the leaves of Murraya paniculata, were tested against the two cholinesterases (ChE) enzymes, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using in vitro assay. Molecular docking was performed to highlight the structural properties that contribute to the molecular recognition pattern in the inhibition of ChE and the structural differences resulting in the selectivity of these compounds toward AChE. Classical enzyme inhibition kinetics data suggested that compounds 2 and 3 were potent inhibitors of AChE and BChE, while 1 was found inactive against both enzymes. The findings from molecular docking studies revealed the competitive and non-competitive inhibition mechanisms of compounds 2 and 3 against both enzymes. Molecular docking and simulations have revealed that hydrogen bonding, mediated by ketone and hydroxyl functionalities in various positions, significantly contributes to the binding of the inhibitor to the receptor. According to MD simulation studies, the stability of the ligand-AChE complex for the most active compound (3) is found to be comparable to that of the widely used drug Tacrine. In addition, to evaluate the drug-likeness of compounds, in silico ADME evaluation was performed, and the compounds presented good ADME profiles. Data suggested that the coumarin nucleus having diverse side chains at the C-8 position can serve as a potential inhibitor of cholinesterases and can act as a lead to develop a new semisynthetic drug for the treatment of AD.
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2
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Synthesis of Benzothiazole Linked Triazole Conjugates and Their Evaluation Against Cholinesterase Enzymes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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González-Naranjo P, Pérez C, González-Sánchez M, Gironda-Martínez A, Ulzurrun E, Bartolomé F, Rubio-Fernández M, Martin-Requero A, Campillo NE, Páez JA. Multitarget drugs as potential therapeutic agents for alzheimer's disease. A new family of 5-substituted indazole derivatives as cholinergic and BACE1 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2348-2356. [PMID: 36050834 PMCID: PMC9477487 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2117315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitarget drugs are a promising therapeutic approach against Alzheimer’s disease. In this work, a new family of 5-substituted indazole derivatives with a multitarget profile including cholinesterase and BACE1 inhibition is described. Thus, the synthesis and evaluation of a new class of 5-substituted indazoles has been performed. Pharmacological evaluation includes in vitro inhibitory assays on AChE/BuChE and BACE1 enzymes. Also, the corresponding competition studies on BuChE were carried out. Additionally, antioxidant properties have been calculated from ORAC assays. Furthermore, studies of anti-inflammatory properties on Raw 264.7 cells and neuroprotective effects in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells have been performed. The results of pharmacological tests have shown that some of these 5-substituted indazole derivatives 1–4 and 6 behave as AChE/BuChE and BACE1 inhibitors, simultaneously. In addition, some indazole derivatives showed anti-inflammatory (3, 6) and neuroprotective (1–4 and 6) effects against Aβ-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eugenia Ulzurrun
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Rubio-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Martin-Requero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria E Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Páez
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Biscarbamates as Potential Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101220. [PMID: 36297332 PMCID: PMC9609992 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) plays a role in the progression of symptoms and pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), selective inhibition of BChE over acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can represent a promising pathway in treating AD. The carbamate group was chosen as a pharmacophore because the carbamates currently or previously in use for the treatment of AD displayed significant positive effects on cognitive symptoms. Eighteen biscarbamates with different substituents at the carbamoyl and hydroxyaminoethyl chain were synthesized, and their inhibitory potential toward both cholinesterases and inhibition selectivity were determined. The ability of carbamates to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by passive transport, their cytotoxic profile and their ability to chelate biometals were also evaluated. All biscarbamates displayed a time-dependent inhibition with inhibition rate constants within 10-3-10-6 M-1 min-1 range for both cholinesterases, with generally higher preference to BChE. For two biscarbamates, it was determined that they should be able to pass the BBB by passive transport, while for five biscarbamates, this ability was slightly limited. Fourteen biscarbamates did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect toward liver, kidney and neuronal cells. In conclusion, considering their high BChE selectivity, non-toxicity, ability to chelate biometals and pass the BBB, compounds 2 and 16 were pointed out as the most promising compounds for the treatment of middle and late stages of AD.
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5
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wang S, Wang Z. Recent advance on carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors as potential multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114606. [PMID: 35858523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the fourth leading cause of death among the elderly worldwide, has brought enormous challenge to the society. Due to its extremely complex pathogeneses, the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) becomes the major strategy for combating AD. Carbamate moiety, as an essential building block in the development of MTDLs, exhibits structural similarity to neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and has piqued extensive attention in discovering multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors. To date, numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors can prominently increase the level of ACh and improve cognition impairments and behavioral deficits, providing a privileged strategy for the treatment of AD. Based on the recent research focus on the novel cholinesterase inhibitors with multiple biofunctions, this review aims at summarizing and discussing the most recent studies excavating the potential carbamate-based MTDLs with cholinesterase inhibition efficacy, to accelerate the pace of pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors for coping AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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6
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Carbamate group as structural motif in drugs: a review of carbamate derivatives used as therapeutic agents. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:285-299. [PMID: 33410773 PMCID: PMC7968508 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their very good chemical and proteolytic stability, ability to penetrate cell membranes, and resemblance to a peptide bond, carbamate derivatives have received much attention in recent years and got an important role in modern drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Today, carbamates make structural and/or functional part of many drugs and prodrugs approved and marketed for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, epilepsy, hepatitis C, HIV infection, and Alzheimer's disease. In drugs they can play a role in drug-target interaction or improve the biological activity of parent molecules. In prodrugs they are mainly used to delay first-pass metabolism and enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of compounds. This brief review takes a look at the properties and use of carbamates in various fields of medicine and provides quick insights into the mechanisms of action for some of them.
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7
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Sadeghian B, Sakhteman A, Faghih Z, Nadri H, Edraki N, Iraji A, Sadeghian I, Rezaei Z. Design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel carbazole-benzylpiperidine hybrids as potential anti Alzheimer agents. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Mangiatordi GF, Intranuovo F, Delre P, Abatematteo FS, Abate C, Niso M, Creanza TM, Ancona N, Stefanachi A, Contino M. Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 2 (CB2R) in a Multitarget Approach: Perspective of an Innovative Strategy in Cancer and Neurodegeneration. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14448-14469. [PMID: 33094613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2R) represents an interesting and new therapeutic target for its involvement in the first steps of neurodegeneration as well as in cancer onset and progression. Several studies, focused on different types of tumors, report a promising anticancer activity induced by CB2R agonists due to their ability to reduce inflammation and cell proliferation. Moreover, in neuroinflammation, the stimulation of CB2R, overexpressed in microglial cells, exerts beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disorders. With the aim to overcome current treatment limitations, new drugs can be developed by specifically modulating, together with CB2R, other targets involved in such multifactorial disorders. Building on successful case studies of already developed multitarget strategies involving CB2R, in this Perspective we aim at prompting the scientific community to consider new promising target associations involving HDACs (histone deacetylases) and σ receptors by employing modern approaches based on molecular hybridization, computational polypharmacology, and machine learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Intranuovo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Serena Abatematteo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Creanza
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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9
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Joubert J, Kapp E. Discovery of 9-phenylacridinediones as highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors through structure-based virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Ha ZY, Mathew S, Yeong KY. Butyrylcholinesterase: A Multifaceted Pharmacological Target and Tool. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:99-109. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191107094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters in the body. Unlike its sister enzyme acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase has a broad substrate scope and lower acetylcholine catalytic efficiency. The difference in tissue distribution and inhibitor sensitivity also points to its involvement external to cholinergic neurotransmission. Initial studies on butyrylcholinesterase showed that the inhibition of the enzyme led to the increment of brain acetylcholine levels. Further gene knockout studies suggested its involvement in the regulation of amyloid-beta, a brain pathogenic protein. Thus, it is an interesting target for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. The substrate scope of butyrylcholinesterase was recently found to include cocaine, as well as ghrelin, the “hunger hormone”. These findings led to the development of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase mutants and viral gene therapy to combat cocaine addiction, along with in-depth studies on the significance of butyrylcholinesterase in obesity. It is observed that the pharmacological impact of butyrylcholinesterase increased in tandem with each reported finding. Not only is the enzyme now considered an important pharmacological target, it is also becoming an important tool to study the biological pathways in various diseases. Here, we review and summarize the biochemical properties of butyrylcholinesterase and its roles, as a cholinergic neurotransmitter, in various diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ying Ha
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Alvarado W, Bremer PL, Choy A, Dinh HN, Eung A, Gonzalez J, Ly P, Tran T, Nakayama K, Schwans JP, Sorin EJ. Understanding the enzyme-ligand complex: insights from all-atom simulations of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1028-1041. [PMID: 30909811 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1596836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) sans inhibitor and in complex with each of 15 dialkyl phenyl phosphate derivatives were conducted to characterize inhibitor binding modes and strengths. Each system was sampled on the 250 ns timescale in explicit ionic solvent, for a total of over 4 μs of simulation time. A K-means algorithm was used to cluster the resulting structures into distinct binding modes, which were further characterized based on atomic-level contacts between inhibitor chemical groups and active site residues. Comparison of experimentally observed inhibition constants (KI) with the resulting contact tables provides structural explanations for relative binding coefficients and highlights several notable interaction motifs. These include ubiquitous contact between glycines in the oxyanion hole and the inhibitor phosphate group; a sterically driven binding preference for positional isomers that extend aromaticity; a stereochemical binding preference for choline-containing inhibitors, which mimic natural BChE substrates; and the mechanically induced opening of the omega loop region to fully expose the active site gorge in the presence of choline-containing inhibitors. Taken together, these observations can greatly inform future design of BChE inhibitors, and the approach reported herein is generalizable to other enzyme-inhibitor systems and similar complexes that depend on non-covalent molecular recognition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Alvarado
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Parker Ladd Bremer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Angela Choy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Helen N Dinh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Aingty Eung
- Department of Computer Engineering & Computer Science, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jeannette Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Phillippe Ly
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Trina Tran
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Kensaku Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jason P Schwans
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Sorin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
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12
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Balha M, Soni C, Pan SC. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Bridged O
,O
-Ketals with Spirooxindole Motif. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Balha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; 781039 Assam India
| | - Chintan Soni
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; 208016 India
| | - Subhas Chandra Pan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; 781039 Assam India
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13
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Design, synthesis, in vivo and in vitro studies of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-carbazole derivatives, highly selective and potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2019; 24:211-223. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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González-Naranjo P, Pérez-Macias N, Pérez C, Roca C, Vaca G, Girón R, Sánchez-Robles E, Martín-Fontelles MI, de Ceballos ML, Martin-Requero A, Campillo NE, Páez JA. Indazolylketones as new multitarget cannabinoid drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:90-107. [PMID: 30685536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multitarget cannabinoids could be a promising therapeutic strategic to fight against Alzheimer's disease. In this sense, our group has developed a new family of indazolylketones with multitarget profile including cannabinoids, cholinesterase and BACE-1 activity. A medicinal chemistry program that includes computational design, synthesis and in vitro and cellular evaluation has allowed to us to achieve lead compounds. In this work, the synthesis and evaluation of a new class of indazolylketones have been performed. Pharmacological evaluation includes functional activity for cannabinoid receptors on isolated tissue. In addition, in vitro inhibitory assays in AChE/BuChE enzymes and BACE-1 have been carried out. Furthermore, studies of neuroprotective effects in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and studies of the mechanisms of survival/death in lymphoblasts of patients with Alzheimer's disease have been achieved. The results of pharmacological tests have revealed that some of these derivatives (5, 6) behave as CB2 cannabinoid agonists and simultaneously show BuChE and/or BACE-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Roca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maéztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Vaca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maéztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Girón
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Grupo de investigación i+DOL URJC-Santander Universidades, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Robles
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Grupo de investigación i+DOL URJC-Santander Universidades, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada CSIC-IQM, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Grupo de investigación i+DOL URJC-Santander Universidades, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria E Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maéztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Páez
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Sharma P, Srivastava P, Seth A, Tripathi PN, Banerjee AG, Shrivastava SK. Comprehensive review of mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 174:53-89. [PMID: 30599179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in an aging population worldwide. The enormous challenge which AD possesses to global healthcare makes it as urgent as ever for the researchers to develop innovative treatment strategies to fight this disease. An in-depth analysis of the extensive available data associated with the AD is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset and progression of the AD. The currently understood pathological and biochemical manifestations include cholinergic, Aβ, tau, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, ApoE, CREB signaling pathways, insulin resistance, etc. However, these hypotheses have been criticized with several conflicting reports for their involvement in the disease progression. Several issues need to be addressed such as benefits to cost ratio with cholinesterase therapy, the dilemma of AChE selectivity over BChE, BBB permeability of peptidic BACE-1 inhibitors, hurdles related to the implementation of vaccination and immunization therapy, and clinical failure of candidates related to newly available targets. The present review provides an insight to the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the AD and potential therapeutic strategies, enlightening perceptions into structural information of conventional and novel targets along with the successful applications of computational approaches for the design of target-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pavan Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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16
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Lv XJ, Chen YH, Liu YK. Two Competitive but Switchable Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction Pathways: The Diversified Synthesis of Chiral Acetal-Containing Bridged Cyclic Compounds. Org Lett 2018; 21:190-195. [PMID: 30576161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of methanobenzodioxepine derivatives bearing a 6,6,5-bridged ring system is presented. The m-CPBA-triggered in situ α-oxidation of β-oxoesters to provide the required but unstable α-hydroxy-β-dicarbonyl substrates is the key to this three-step sequence, providing the desired cyclic acetals with excellent stereoselectivities containing two bridgehead and one fully substituted stereocenters. It is noteworthy that the absence of m-CPBA furnished the acetal products bearing a 6,6,6-bridged ring system with similar good results from the same starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Ying-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Yan-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003 , China
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Balha M, Pan SC. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Bridged Acetals with Spirooxindole Skeleton. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14703-14712. [PMID: 30372074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of bridged O, O-acetals embedded with spirooxindoles has been developed. Dioxindoles and 2-hydroxy cinnamaldehydes were employed as the reaction partners in this method. The desired products were obtained via diaryl prolinol TBS ether catalyzed Michael reaction followed by acetal formation with TFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Balha
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , North Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Subhas Chandra Pan
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , North Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
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18
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Bosak A, Ramić A, Šmidlehner T, Hrenar T, Primožič I, Kovarik Z. Design and evaluation of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors based on Cinchona alkaloid scaffold. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205193. [PMID: 30289893 PMCID: PMC6173406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and anticholinesterase potency of Cinchona-based alkaloids; ten quaternary derivatives of cinchonines and their corresponding pseudo-enantiomeric cinchonidines. The quaternization of quinuclidine moiety of each compound was carried out with groups diverse in their size: methyl, benzyl and differently meta- and para-substituted benzyl groups. All of the prepared compounds reversibly inhibited human butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase with Ki constants within nanomolar to micromolar range. Five cinchonidine derivatives displayed 95-510 times higher inhibition selectivity to butyrylcholinesterase over acetylcholinesterase and four were potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with Ki constants up to 100 nM, of which N-para-bromobenzyl cinchonidinium bromide can be considered a lead for further modifications and optimizations for possible use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bosak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Ramić
- Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102A, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Šmidlehner
- Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102A, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomica Hrenar
- Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102A, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Primožič
- Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102A, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
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Goyal D, Kaur A, Goyal B. Benzofuran and Indole: Promising Scaffolds for Drug Development in Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1275-1299. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib 140406 Punjab India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib 140406 Punjab India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology; Patiala 147004 Punjab India
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Activation of the Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor by a Novel Indazole Derivative Normalizes the Survival Pattern of Lymphoblasts from Patients with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:579-591. [PMID: 29736745 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disorder for which there is no disease-modifying treatment yet. CB2 receptors have emerged as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease because they are expressed in neuronal and glial cells and their activation has no psychoactive effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether activation of the CB2 receptor would restore the aberrant enhanced proliferative activity characteristic of immortalized lymphocytes from patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. It is assumed that cell-cycle dysfunction occurs in both peripheral cells and neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease, contributing to the instigation of the disease. METHODS Lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with Alzheimer's disease and age-matched control individuals were treated with a new, in-house-designed dual drug PGN33, which behaves as a CB2 agonist and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. We analyzed the effects of this compound on the rate of cell proliferation and levels of key regulatory proteins. In addition, we investigated the potential neuroprotective action of PGN33 in β-amyloid-treated neuronal cells. RESULTS We report here that PGN33 normalized the increased proliferative activity of Alzheimer's disease lymphoblasts. The compound blunted the calmodulin-dependent overactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, by restoring the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 levels, which in turn reduced the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase/pRb cascade. Moreover, this CB2 agonist prevented β-amyloid-induced cell death in neuronal cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the activation of CB2 receptors could be considered a useful therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
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21
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Panek D, Więckowska A, Jończyk J, Godyń J, Bajda M, Wichur T, Pasieka A, Knez D, Pišlar A, Korabecny J, Soukup O, Sepsova V, Sabaté R, Kos J, Gobec S, Malawska B. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1-Benzylamino-2-hydroxyalkyl Derivatives as New Potential Disease-Modifying Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1074-1094. [PMID: 29345897 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The multitarget approach is a promising paradigm in drug discovery, potentially leading to new treatment options for complex disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we present the discovery of a unique series of 1-benzylamino-2-hydroxyalkyl derivatives combining inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase, β-secretase, β-amyloid, and tau protein aggregation, all related to mechanisms which underpin Alzheimer's disease. Notably, diphenylpropylamine derivative 10 showed balanced activity against both disease-modifying targets, inhibition of β-secretase (IC50 hBACE-1 = 41.60 μM), inhibition of amyloid β aggregation (IC50 Aβ = 3.09 μM), inhibition of tau aggregation (55% at 10 μM); as well as against symptomatic targets, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (IC50 hBuChE = 7.22 μM). It might represent an encouraging starting point for development of multifunctional disease-modifying anti-Alzheimer's agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Jończyk
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wichur
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Ivanov KL, Vatsouro IM, Bezzubov SI, Melnikov MY, Budynina EM. Domino construction of a bullataketal core via double bond cleavage in activated dihydrofurans. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new rapid approach to structurally challenging and biologically relevant methanobenzodioxepines was developed via a Brønsted acid-triggered domino transformation of 3-carbonyl-4,5-dihydrofurans, substituted with MOM-protected o-hydroxyaryls at the C4 atom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan M. Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Stanislav I. Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
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23
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Zhu Y, Zhou J, Jin S, Dong H, Guo J, Bai X, Wang Q, Bu Z. Metal-free diastereoselective construction of bridged ketal spirooxindoles via a Michael addition-inspired sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11201-11204. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05813f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A TfOH-catalyzed highly diastereoselective Michael addition/ketalization sequence of 3-hydroxyoxindoles and ortho-hydroxychalcones was developed, leading to biologically important bridged ketal spirooxindoles in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Chongqing Medical University University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Shaojing Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Huahui Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Jiaomei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Xuguan Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Qilin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Zhanwei Bu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
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24
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Sawatzky E, Drakopoulos A, Rölz M, Sotriffer C, Engels B, Decker M. Experimental and theoretical investigations into the stability of cyclic aminals. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2280-2292. [PMID: 28144295 PMCID: PMC5238614 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclic aminals are core features of natural products, drug molecules and important synthetic intermediates. Despite their relevance, systematic investigations into their stability towards hydrolysis depending on the pH value are lacking. Results: A set of cyclic aminals was synthesized and their stability quantified by kinetic measurements. Steric and electronic effects were investigated by choosing appropriate groups. Both molecular mechanics (MM) and density functional theory (DFT) based studies were applied to support and explain the results obtained. Rapid decomposition is observed in acidic aqueous media for all cyclic aminals which occurs as a reversible reaction. Electronic effects do not seem relevant with regard to stability, but the magnitude of the conformational energy of the ring system and pKa values of the N-3 nitrogen atom. Conclusion: Cyclic aminals are stable compounds when not exposed to acidic media and their stability is mainly dependent on the conformational energy of the ring system. Therefore, for the preparation and work-up of these valuable synthetic intermediates and natural products, appropriate conditions have to be chosen and for application as drug molecules their sensitivity towards hydrolysis has to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Sawatzky
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rölz
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Paz BM, Klier L, Naesborg L, Lauridsen VH, Jensen F, Jørgensen KA. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cascade Approach to Different Classes of Benzofused Acetals. Chemistry 2016; 22:16810-16818. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Matos Paz
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Lydia Klier
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Line Naesborg
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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26
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Evaluating Fmoc-amino acids as selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2755-2763. [PMID: 27522651 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterases are involved in neuronal signal transduction, and perturbation of function has been implicated in diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. For the two major classes of cholinesterases, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), previous studies reported BChE activity is elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease, while AChE levels remain the same or decrease. Thus, the development of potent and specific inhibitors of BChE have received much attention as a potential therapeutic in the alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated amino acid analogs as selective inhibitors of BChE. Amino acid analogs bearing a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group were tested, as the Fmoc group has structural resemblance to previously described inhibitors. We identified leucine, lysine, and tryptophan analogs bearing the Fmoc group as selective inhibitors of BChE. The Fmoc group contributed to inhibition, as analogs bearing a carboxybenzyl group showed ~tenfold higher values for the inhibition constant (K I value). Inclusion of a t-butoxycarbonyl on the side chain of Fmoc tryptophan led to an eightfold lower K I value compared to Fmoc tryptophan alone suggesting that modifications of the amino acid side chains may be designed to create inhibitors with higher affinity. Our results identify Fmoc-amino acids as a scaffold upon which to design BChE-specific inhibitors and provide the foundation for further experimental and computational studies to dissect the interactions that contribute to inhibitor binding.
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27
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Dighe SN, Deora GS, De la Mora E, Nachon F, Chan S, Parat MO, Brazzolotto X, Ross BP. Discovery and Structure-Activity Relationships of a Highly Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7683-9. [PMID: 27405689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based virtual screening of two libraries containing 567 981 molecules was used to discover novel, selective BuChE inhibitors, which are potentially superior symptomatic treatments in late-stage Alzheimer's disease. Compound 16 was identified as a highly selective submicromolar inhibitor of BuChE (huBuChE IC50 = 0.443 μM) with high permeability in the PAMPA-BBB model. The X-ray crystal structure of huBuChE in complex with 16 revealed the atomic-level interactions and offers opportunities for further development of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish N Dighe
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eugenio De la Mora
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Stephen Chan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées , 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Benjamin P Ross
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Al-Aboudi A, Al-Qawasmeh RA, Shahwan A, Mahmood U, Khalid A, Ul-Haq Z. In-silico identification of the binding mode of synthesized adamantyl derivatives inside cholinesterase enzymes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:879-86. [PMID: 25937631 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the binding mode of synthesized adamantly derivatives inside of cholinesterase enzymes using molecular docking simulations. METHODS A series of hybrid compounds containing adamantane and hydrazide moieties was designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and (butyrylcholinesterase) BChE were assessed in vitro. The binding mode of the compounds inside cholinesterase enzymes was investigated using Surflex-Dock package of Sybyl7.3 software. RESULTS A total of 26 adamantyl derivatives were synthesized. Among them, adamantane-1-carboxylic acid hydrazide had an almost equal inhibitory activity towards both enzymes, whereas 10 other compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against BChE. The molecular docking studies demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions between the compounds and their surrounding residues in the active site played predominant roles, while hydrophilic interactions were also found. When the compounds were docked inside each enzyme, they exhibited stronger interactions with BChE over AChE, possibly due to the larger active site of BChE. The binding affinities of the compounds for BChE and AChE estimated were in agreement with the experimental data. CONCLUSION The new adamantly derivatives selectively inhibit BChE with respect to AChE, thus making them good candidates for testing the hypothesis that BChE inhibitors would be more efficient and better tolerated than AChE inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Brus B, Košak U, Turk S, Pišlar A, Coquelle N, Kos J, Stojan J, Colletier JP, Gobec S. Discovery, biological evaluation, and crystal structure of a novel nanomolar selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8167-79. [PMID: 25226236 DOI: 10.1021/jm501195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is regarded as a promising drug target as its levels and activity significantly increase in the late stages of Alzheimer's disease. To discover novel BChE inhibitors, we used a hierarchical virtual screening protocol followed by biochemical evaluation of 40 highest scoring hit compounds. Three of the compounds identified showed significant inhibitory activities against BChE. The most potent, compound 1 (IC50 = 21.3 nM), was resynthesized and resolved into its pure enantiomers. A high degree of stereoselective activity was revealed, and a dissociation constant of 2.7 nM was determined for the most potent stereoisomer (+)-1. The crystal structure of human BChE in complex with compound (+)-1 was solved, revealing the binding mode and providing clues for potential optimization. Additionally, compound 1 inhibited amyloid β(1-42) peptide self-induced aggregation into fibrils (by 61.7% at 10 μM) and protected cultured SH-SY5Y cells against amyloid-β-induced toxicity. These data suggest that compound 1 represents a promising candidate for hit-to-lead follow-up in the drug-discovery process against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Brus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yerdelen KO, Tosun E. Synthesis, docking and biological evaluation of oxamide and fumaramide analogs as potential AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Kamal MA, Priyamvada S, Anbazhagan AN, Jabir NR, Tabrez S, Greig NH. Linking Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus via aberrant insulin signaling and inflammation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2014; 13:338-46. [PMID: 24074448 PMCID: PMC5947865 DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two progressive and devastating health disorders afflicting millions of people worldwide. The probability and incidence of both have increased considerably in recent years consequent to increased longevity and population growth. Progressively more links are being continuously found between inflammation and central nervous system disorders like AD, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury and even cancers of the nervous tissue. The depth of the relationship depends on the timing and extent of anti- or pro-inflammatory gene expression. Inflammation has also been implicated in T2DM. Misfolding and fibrillization (of tissue specific and/or non-specific proteins) are features common to both AD and T2DM and are induced by as well as contribute to inflammation and stress (oxidative/ glycation). This review appraises the roles of inflammation and abnormalities in the insulin signaling system as important shared features of T2DM and AD. The capacity of anti-cholinesterases in reducing the level of certain common inflammatory markers in particular if they may provide therapeutic potential to mitigate awry mechanisms leading to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nigel H Greig
- Metabolomics & Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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González-Naranjo P, Pérez-Macias N, Campillo NE, Pérez C, Arán VJ, Girón R, Sánchez-Robles E, Martín MI, Gómez-Cañas M, García-Arencibia M, Fernández-Ruiz J, Páez JA. Cannabinoid agonists showing BuChE inhibition as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 73:56-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ivachtchenko AV, Ivanenkov YA, Skorenko AV. 5-HT6receptor modulators: a patent update. Part 2. Diversity in heterocyclic scaffolds. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:1123-68. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.722205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mohamed T, Yeung JC, Vasefi MS, Beazely MA, Rao PP. Development and evaluation of multifunctional agents for potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Application to a pyrimidine-2,4-diamine template. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4707-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Guo LL, Guan ZZ, Wang YL. Scutellarin protects against Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits in rats: involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterase. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1446-53. [PMID: 21986571 PMCID: PMC4010214 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the protective effects of scutellarin (Scu) on rats with learning and memory deficit induced by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham operation, Aβ, Aβ+Scu, and Aβ+piracetam groups. Aβ(25-35) was injected into the lateral ventricle (10 μg each side). Scu (10 mg/2 mL) or piracetam (10 mg/2 mL was intragastrically administered per day for 20 consecutive days following Aβ treatment. Learning and memory was assessed with Morris water maze test. The protein and mRNA levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α4, α7, and β2 subunits in the brain were examined using Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the brain and plasma were measured using Ellman's colorimetric method. RESULTS In Aβ group, the escape latency period and first platform cross was significantly increased, and the total number of platform crossings was significantly decreased, as compared with the control and the sham operation groups. Both Scu and piracetam treatment significantly reduced the escape latency period and time to cross platform, and increased the number of platform crosses, but there were no significant differences between Aβ+Scu and Aβ+piracetam groups. In Aβ group, the protein levels of nAChR α4 and α7 subunits in the cerebral cortex were significantly decreased by 42%-47% and 58%-61%, respectively, as compared to the control and the sham operation groups. Scu treatment caused upregulation of α4 and α7 subunit proteins by around 24% and 30%, respectively, as compared to Aβ group, but there were no significant differences between Aβ+Scu and Aβ+piracetam groups. The protein level of nAChR β2 subunit had no significant difference among different groups. The mRNA levels of nAChR α4, α7, and β2 subunits were not significantly changed. In Aβ group, the activities of AChE and BuChE in the brain were significantly increased, but were significantly decreased in the plasma, as compared to the control and the sham operation groups. Scu or piracetam treatment restored the activities in brain and plasma nearly to the levels in the control group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Scu may rescue some of the deleterious effects of Aβ, possibly by stimulating nAChR protein translation and regulating cholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Guo
- Pathological Department of Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zhi-zhong Guan
- Pathological Department of Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong-lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
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Mohamed T, Yeung JC, Rao PP. Development of 2-substituted-N-(naphth-1-ylmethyl) and N-benzhydrylpyrimidin-4-amines as dual cholinesterase and Aβ-aggregation inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5881-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Targeting BuChE-inflammatory pathway by SK0506 to manage type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease. Neurochem Res 2011; 34:2163-9. [PMID: 19504347 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect a large percent of the population worldwide. Experimental studies have revealed that T2DM and AD share several molecular processes that underlie their respective degenerative pathology. Based on this information, we quantified TNF-α, IL-6 levels, serum glucose, serum triglyceride, hepatic triglyceride, serum AST, serum ALT and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in various rat tissues. HFD was fed to rats resulting in increased body weight, fasting blood glucose, IL-6, TNF-α levels, hepatic triglyceride, serum AST, serum ALT and BuChE. SK0506 treatment significantly prevented weight gain induced by HFD feeding. SK0506, but not Rosiglitazone, significantly reduced serum and hepatic triglycerides levels. Treatment with SK0506 also ameliorated elevated levels of both inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) and serum liver enzymes (ALT and AST) significantly in HFD fed rats. BuChE activity also reduced in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues of rats treated by SK0506. In conclusion, current study has opened new potential avenues towards research for management of T2DM and AD by Chinese herbal extracts, ‘‘SK0506’’.
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Howes MJR, Perry E. The Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia. Drugs Aging 2011; 28:439-68. [DOI: 10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mohamed T, Zhao X, Habib LK, Yang J, Rao PPN. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives: dual activity as cholinesterase and Aβ-aggregation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2269-81. [PMID: 21429752 PMCID: PMC3066269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines (7a-u, 8a-f, 9a-e) that possess substituents with varying steric and electronic properties at the C-2 and C-4 positions, were designed, synthesized and evaluated as dual cholinesterase and amyloid-β (Aβ)-aggregation inhibitors. In vitro screening identified N-(naphth-1-ylmethyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (9a) as the most potent AChE inhibitor (IC(50)=5.5 μM). Among this class of compounds, 2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-N-(naphth-1-ylmethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (9e) was identified as the most potent and selective BuChE inhibitor (IC(50)=2.2 μM, selectivity index=11.7) and was about 5.7-fold more potent compared to the commercial, approved reference drug galanthamine (BuChE IC(50)=12.6 μM). In addition, the selective AChE inhibitor N-benzyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (7d), exhibited good inhibition of hAChE-induced aggregation of Aβ(1-40) fibrils (59% inhibition). Furthermore, molecular modeling studies indicate that a central pyrimidine ring serves as a suitable template to develop dual inhibitors of cholinesterase and AChE-induced Aβ aggregation thereby targeting multiple pathological routes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Mohamed
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Xiaobei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, U.S.A 92093-0358
| | - Lila K. Habib
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, U.S.A 92093-0358
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, U.S.A 92093-0358
| | - Praveen P. N. Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Multiple Approaches to Analyse the Data for Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Cyclophosphamide. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1501-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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