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Kim H, Choi S, Lee E, Koh W, Lee CJ. Tonic NMDA Receptor Currents in the Brain: Regulation and Cognitive Functions. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:164-175. [PMID: 38490367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Synaptically localized NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in important cognitive functions by mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. In contrast, a tonic NMDAR current, thought to be mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs, has a less clear function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tonic NMDAR currents, focusing on their roles in synaptic transmission/plasticity and their impact on cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders. We discuss the roles of 3 endogenous ligands (i.e., glutamate, glycine, and D-serine) and receptors in mediating tonic NMDAR currents and explore the diverse mechanisms that regulate tonic NMDAR currents. In light of recent controversies surrounding the source of D-serine, we highlight the recent findings suggesting that astrocytes release D-serine to modulate tonic NMDAR currents and control cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, we propose distinct roles of neuronal and astrocytic D-serine in different locations and their implications for synaptic regulation and cognitive functions. The potential roles of tonic NMDAR currents in various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, are discussed in the context of the NMDAR hypofunction hypothesis. By presenting the mechanisms by which various cells, particularly astrocytes, regulate tonic NMDAR currents, we aim to stimulate future research in NMDAR hypofunction- or hyperfunction-related psychiatric disorders. This review not only provides a better understanding of the complex interplay between tonic NMDAR currents and cognitive functions but also sheds light on its potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunyeong Choi
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Euisun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Zhu Z, Yan Z, Ni S, Yang H, Xie Y, Wang X, Zou D, Tao C, Jiang W, Jiang J, Su Z, Xia Y, Zhou Z, Sun L, Fan C, Tao TH, Wei X, Qian Y, Liu K. Tissue/Organ Adaptable Bioelectronic Silk-Based Implants. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405892. [PMID: 39036824 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Implantable bioelectronic devices, designed for both monitoring and modulating living organisms, require functional and biological adaptability. Pure silk is innovatively employed, which is known for its excellent biocompatibility, to engineer water-triggered, geometrically reconfigurable membranes, on which functions can be integrated by Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) techniques and specially functionalized silk. These devices can undergo programmed shape deformations within 10 min once triggered by water, and thus establishing stable bioelectronic interfaces with natively fitted geometries. As a testament to the applicability of this approach, a twining peripheral nerve electrode is designed, fabricated, and rigorously tested, demonstrating its efficacy in nerve modulation while ensuring biocompatibility for successful implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zhiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Siyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Huiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yating Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Dujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1455 Pingcheng Rd., Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Chen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wanqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jianbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zexi Su
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1455 Pingcheng Rd., Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Liuyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1455 Pingcheng Rd., Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
- ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 200120, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1455 Pingcheng Rd., Shanghai, 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519031, China
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Translational Research, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Rd., Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 East Yanqi Lake Rd., Beijing, 101408, China
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Ma S, Xie X, Deng Z, Wang W, Xiang D, Yao L, Kang L, Xu S, Wang H, Wang G, Yang J, Liu Z. A Machine Learning Analysis of Big Metabolomics Data for Classifying Depression: Model Development and Validation. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:44-56. [PMID: 38142718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many metabolomics studies of depression have been performed, but these have been limited by their scale. A comprehensive in silico analysis of global metabolite levels in large populations could provide robust insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying depression and candidate clinical biomarkers. METHODS Depression-associated metabolomics was studied in 2 datasets from the UK Biobank database: participants with lifetime depression (N = 123,459) and participants with current depression (N = 94,921). The Whitehall II cohort (N = 4744) was used for external validation. CatBoost machine learning was used for modeling, and Shapley additive explanations were used to interpret the model. Fivefold cross-validation was used to validate model performance, training the model on 3 of the 5 sets with the remaining 2 sets for validation and testing, respectively. Diagnostic performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS In the lifetime depression and current depression datasets and sex-specific analyses, 24 significantly associated metabolic biomarkers were identified, 12 of which overlapped in the 2 datasets. The addition of metabolic features slightly improved the performance of a diagnostic model using traditional (nonmetabolomics) risk factors alone (lifetime depression: area under the curve 0.655 vs. 0.658 with metabolomics; current depression: area under the curve 0.711 vs. 0.716 with metabolomics). CONCLUSIONS The machine learning model identified 24 metabolic biomarkers associated with depression. If validated, metabolic biomarkers may have future clinical applications as supplementary information to guide early and population-based depression detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zipeng Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Liu Y, Xu S, Deng Y, Luo J, Zhang K, Yang Y, Sha L, Hu R, Xu Z, Yin E, Xu Q, Wu Y, Cai X. SWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites-modified microelectrode arrays for revealing locking relations between burst and local field potential in cultured cortical networks. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 253:116168. [PMID: 38452571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Burst and local field potential (LFP) are fundamental components of brain activity, representing fast and slow rhythms, respectively. Understanding the intricate relationship between burst and LFP is crucial for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of brain dynamics. In this study, we fabricated high-performance microelectrode arrays (MEAs) using the SWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites, which exhibited favorable electrical properties (low impedance: 12.8 ± 2.44 kΩ) and minimal phase delay (-11.96 ± 1.64°). These MEAs enabled precise exploration of the burst-LFP interaction in cultured cortical networks. After a 14-day period of culture, we used the MEAs to monitor electrophysiological activities and revealed a time-locking relationship between burst and LFP, indicating the maturation of the neural network. To further investigate this relationship, we modulated burst firing patterns by treating the neural culture with increasing concentrations of glycine. The results indicated that glycine effectively altered burst firing patterns, with both duration and spike count increasing as the concentration rose. This was accompanied by an enhanced level of time-locking between burst and LFP but a decrease in synchrony among neurons. This study not only highlighted the pivotal role of SWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS-modified MEAs in elucidating the interaction between burst and LFP, bridging the gap between slow and fast brain rhythms in vitro but also provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic strategies targeting neurological disorders associated with abnormal rhythm generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Longze Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ruilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Zhaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Erwei Yin
- Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Yirong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China.
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100149, China.
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Antalicz B, Sengupta S, Vilangottunjalil A, Versluis J, Bakker HJ. Orientational Behavior and Vibrational Response of Glycine at Aqueous Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2075-2081. [PMID: 38358315 PMCID: PMC10895693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous glycine plays many different roles in living systems, from being a building block for proteins to being a neurotransmitter. To better understand its fundamental behavior, we study glycine's orientational behavior near model aqueous interfaces, in the absence and presence of electric fields and biorelevant ions. To this purpose, we use a surface-specific technique called heterodyne-detected vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (HD-VSFG). Using HD-VSFG, we directly probe the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrations of the carboxylate group of zwitterionic glycine. From their relative amplitudes, we infer the zwitterion's orientation near surfactant-covered interfaces and find that it is governed by both electrostatic and surfactant-specific interactions. By introducing additional ions, we observe that the net orientation is altered by the enhanced ionic strength, indicating a change in the balance of the electrostatic and surfactant-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Antalicz
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanghamitra Sengupta
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Versluis
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J Bakker
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhu L, Qi S, Shi C, Chen S, Ye Y, Wang C, Mu C, Li R, Wu Q, Wang X, Zhou Y. Optimizing Anesthetic Practices for Mud Crab: A Comparative Study of Clove Oil, MS-222, Ethanol, and Magnesium Chloride. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2124. [PMID: 38136243 PMCID: PMC10740467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia serves as an effective method to mitigate the stress response in aquatic animals during aquaculture and product transportation. In this study, we assessed the anesthetic efficacy of clove oil, tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222), ethanol, and magnesium chloride by anesthesia duration, recovery time, 24-hour survival rate, and the behavior of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). Additionally, the optimal anesthetic concentration for varying body weights of mud crabs was also investigated. The results revealed that clove oil emerged as the optimal anesthetic for mud crabs, with a 24-hour survival rate surpassing those observed in MS-222 and magnesium chloride treatments. Ethanol caused amputation and hyperactivity in mud crabs. Regression analyses between the optimal anesthetic concentration of clove oil and the weight categories of 0.03-27.50 g and 27.50-399.73 g for mud crabs yielded the following equations: y = 0.0036 x3 - 0.1629 x2 + 1.7314 x + 4.085 (R2 = 0.7115) and y = 0.0437 x + 2.9461 (R2 = 0.9549). Clove oil exhibited no significant impact on serum cortisol, glucose, lactate content, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, or superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in mud crabs across different treatment groups. Anesthesia induced by clove oil in mud crabs resulted in an increase in inhibitory neurotransmitters such as glycine. However, the recovery from anesthesia was associated with elevated levels of the excitatory neurotransmitters L-aspartic acid and glutamate. In conclusion, clove oil proves to be a safe and optimal anesthetic agent for mud crabs, exerting no physiological stress on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhu
- Marine Economic Research Center, Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (L.Z.); (S.Q.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Marine Economic Research Center, Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (L.Z.); (S.Q.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Marine Economic Research Center, Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (L.Z.); (S.Q.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shujian Chen
- Marine Economic Research Center, Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (L.Z.); (S.Q.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Qingyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (C.M.); (R.L.); (Q.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo 315000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo 315000, China
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Choi HK, Choi JH, Yoon J. An Updated Review on Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Neurotransmitter Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37754127 PMCID: PMC10526534 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds released by nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, that play an essential role in the transmission of signals in living organisms, particularly in the central nervous system, and they also perform roles in realizing the function and maintaining the state of each organ in the body. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters can cause neurological disorders. This highlights the significance of precise neurotransmitter monitoring to allow early diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a complete multidisciplinary examination of electrochemical biosensors integrating nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in order to achieve the accurate detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters. We introduce extensively researched neurotransmitters and their respective functions in biological beings. Subsequently, electrochemical biosensors are classified based on methodologies employed for direct detection, encompassing the recently documented cell-based electrochemical monitoring systems. These methods involve the detection of neurotransmitters in neuronal cells in vitro, the identification of neurotransmitters emitted by stem cells, and the in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitters. The incorporation of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies into electrochemical biosensors has the potential to assist in the timely detection and management of neurological disorders. This study provides significant insights for researchers and clinicians regarding precise neurotransmitter monitoring and its implications regarding numerous biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jin-Ha Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kumar P, Osahon OW, Sekhar RV. GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Old Mice Improves Brain Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Glucose Uptake, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Genomic Damage, Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors to Reverse Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: Implications for Improving Brain Health in Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051042. [PMID: 37237908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline frequently occurs with increasing age, but mechanisms contributing to age-associated cognitive decline (ACD) are not well understood and solutions are lacking. Understanding and reversing mechanisms contributing to ACD are important because increased age is identified as the single most important risk factor for dementia. We reported earlier that ACD in older humans is associated with glutathione (GSH) deficiency, oxidative stress (OxS), mitochondrial dysfunction, glucose dysmetabolism and inflammation, and that supplementing GlyNAC (glycine and N-acetylcysteine) improved these defects. To test whether these defects occur in the brain in association with ACD, and could be improved/reversed with GlyNAC supplementation, we studied young (20-week) and old (90-week) C57BL/6J mice. Old mice received either regular or GlyNAC supplemented diets for 8 weeks, while young mice received the regular diet. Cognition and brain outcomes (GSH, OxS, mitochondrial energetics, autophagy/mitophagy, glucose transporters, inflammation, genomic damage and neurotrophic factors) were measured. Compared to young mice, the old-control mice had significant cognitive impairment and multiple brain defects. GlyNAC supplementation improved/corrected the brain defects and reversed ACD. This study finds that naturally-occurring ACD is associated with multiple abnormalities in the brain, and provides proof-of-concept that GlyNAC supplementation corrects these defects and improves cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premranjan Kumar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ob W Osahon
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rajagopal V Sekhar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Laboute T, Zucca S, Holcomb M, Patil DN, Garza C, Wheatley BA, Roy RN, Forli S, Martemyanov KA. Orphan receptor GPR158 serves as a metabotropic glycine receptor: mGlyR. Science 2023; 379:1352-1358. [PMID: 36996198 PMCID: PMC10751545 DOI: 10.1126/science.add7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycine is a major neurotransmitter involved in several fundamental neuronal processes. The identity of the metabotropic receptor mediating slow neuromodulatory effects of glycine is unknown. We identified an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR158, as a metabotropic glycine receptor (mGlyR). Glycine and a related modulator, taurine, directly bind to a Cache domain of GPR158, and this event inhibits the activity of the intracellular signaling complex regulator of G protein signaling 7-G protein β5 (RGS7-Gβ5), which is associated with the receptor. Glycine signals through mGlyR to inhibit production of the second messenger adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. We further show that glycine, but not taurine, acts through mGlyR to regulate neuronal excitability in cortical neurons. These results identify a major neuromodulatory system involved in mediating metabotropic effects of glycine, with implications for understanding cognition and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Laboute
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Stefano Zucca
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Matthew Holcomb
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dipak N. Patil
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christina Garza
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brittany A. Wheatley
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Raktim N. Roy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Stefano Forli
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Metabolomics as a Crucial Tool to Develop New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090864. [PMID: 36144268 PMCID: PMC9503806 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), share common pathological mechanisms, including metabolism alterations. However, their specific neuronal cell types affected and molecular biomarkers suggest that there are both common and specific alterations regarding metabolite levels. In this review, we were interested in identifying metabolite alterations that have been reported in preclinical models of NDs and that have also been documented as altered in NDs patients. Such alterations could represent interesting targets for the development of targeted therapy. Importantly, the translation of such findings from preclinical to clinical studies is primordial for the study of possible therapeutic agents. We found that N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol, and glutamate are commonly altered in the three NDs investigated here. We also found other metabolites commonly altered in both AD and PD. In this review, we discuss the studies reporting such alterations and the possible pathological mechanism underlying them. Finally, we discuss clinical trials that have attempted to develop treatments targeting such alterations. We conclude that the treatment combination of both common and differential alterations would increase the chances of patients having access to efficient treatments for each ND.
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11
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Sun S, Lu D, Zhong H, Li C, Yang N, Huang B, Ni S, Li X. Donors for nerve transplantation in craniofacial soft tissue injuries. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:978980. [PMID: 36159691 PMCID: PMC9490317 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.978980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue is an important soft tissue; for instance, craniofacial nerves govern several aspects of human behavior, including the expression of speech, emotion transmission, sensation, and motor function. Therefore, nerve repair to promote functional recovery after craniofacial soft tissue injuries is indispensable. However, the repair and regeneration of craniofacial nerves are challenging due to their intricate anatomical and physiological characteristics. Currently, nerve transplantation is an irreplaceable treatment for segmental nerve defects. With the development of emerging technologies, transplantation donors have become more diverse. The present article reviews the traditional and emerging alternative materials aimed at advancing cutting-edge research on craniofacial nerve repair and facilitating the transition from the laboratory to the clinic. It also provides a reference for donor selection for nerve repair after clinical craniofacial soft tissue injuries. We found that autografts are still widely accepted as the first options for segmental nerve defects. However, allogeneic composite functional units have a strong advantage for nerve transplantation for nerve defects accompanied by several tissue damages or loss. As an alternative to autografts, decellularized tissue has attracted increasing attention because of its low immunogenicity. Nerve conduits have been developed from traditional autologous tissue to composite conduits based on various synthetic materials, with developments in tissue engineering technology. Nerve conduits have great potential to replace traditional donors because their structures are more consistent with the physiological microenvironment and show self-regulation performance with improvements in 3D technology. New materials, such as hydrogels and nanomaterials, have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field. Their biocompatibility and stimuli-responsiveness have been gradually explored by researchers in the regeneration and regulation of neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sishuai Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shilei Ni, ; Xingang Li,
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shilei Ni, ; Xingang Li,
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12
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Gorodetskaya IV, Gusakova EA. The Effect of Iodine-Containing Thyroid Hormones on the Activity of Central Stress-Limiting Systems. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302202017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Schmidt T, Meller S, Talbot SR, Berk BA, Law TH, Hobbs SL, Meyerhoff N, Packer RMA, Volk HA. Urinary Neurotransmitter Patterns Are Altered in Canine Epilepsy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:893013. [PMID: 35651965 PMCID: PMC9150448 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.893013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in humans and dogs. Epilepsy is thought to be caused by an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Intact neurotransmitters are transported from the central nervous system to the periphery, from where they are subsequently excreted through the urine. In human medicine, non-invasive urinary neurotransmitter analysis is used to manage psychological diseases, but not as yet for epilepsy. The current study aimed to investigate if urinary neurotransmitter profiles differ between dogs with epilepsy and healthy controls. A total of 223 urine samples were analysed from 63 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and 127 control dogs without epilepsy. The quantification of nine urinary neurotransmitters was performed utilising mass spectrometry technology. A significant difference between urinary neurotransmitter levels (glycine, serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine ratio, ɤ-aminobutyric acid/glutamate ratio) of dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and the control group was found, when sex and neutering status were accounted for. Furthermore, an influence of antiseizure drug treatment upon the urinary neurotransmitter profile of serotonin and ɤ-aminobutyric acid concentration was revealed. This study demonstrated that the imbalances in the neurotransmitter system that causes epileptic seizures also leads to altered neurotransmitter elimination in the urine of affected dogs. Urinary neurotransmitters have the potential to serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnostics and treatment monitoring in canine epilepsy. However, more research on this topic needs to be undertaken to understand better the association between neurotransmitter deviations in the brain and urine neurotransmitter concentrations in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Schmidt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meller
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R. Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin A. Berk
- BrainCheck.Pet – Tierärztliche Praxis für Epilepsie, Sachsenstraße, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Tsz H. Law
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Hobbs
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Meyerhoff
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rowena M. A. Packer
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Ma X, Wang M, Ran Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Gao F, Liu Z, Xi J, Ye L, Feng Z. Design and Fabrication of Polymeric Hydrogel Carrier for Nerve Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081549. [PMID: 35458307 PMCID: PMC9031091 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve regeneration and repair still remain a huge challenge for both central nervous and peripheral nervous system. Although some therapeutic substances, including neuroprotective agents, clinical drugs and stem cells, as well as various growth factors, are found to be effective to promote nerve repair, a carrier system that possesses a sustainable release behavior, in order to ensure high on-site concentration during the whole repair and regeneration process, and high bioavailability is still highly desirable. Hydrogel, as an ideal delivery system, has an excellent loading capacity and sustainable release behavior, as well as tunable physical and chemical properties to adapt to various biomedical scenarios; thus, it is thought to be a suitable carrier system for nerve repair. This paper reviews the structure and classification of hydrogels and summarizes the fabrication and processing methods that can prepare a suitable hydrogel carrier with specific physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, the modulation of the physical and chemical properties of hydrogels is also discussed in detail in order to obtain a better therapeutic effect to promote nerve repair. Finally, the future perspectives of hydrogel microsphere carriers for stroke rehabilitation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.M.); (Z.F.)
| | - Mengjie Wang
- School of Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Ran
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Yusi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- NUIST-UoR International Research Institute, Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Fuhai Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-1056981363 (Z.L.); +86-1056981279 (J.X.); +86-1068912650 (L.Y.)
| | - Jianing Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.R.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-1056981363 (Z.L.); +86-1056981279 (J.X.); +86-1068912650 (L.Y.)
| | - Lin Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.M.); (Z.F.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-1056981363 (Z.L.); +86-1056981279 (J.X.); +86-1068912650 (L.Y.)
| | - Zengguo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.M.); (Z.F.)
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15
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San Martín A, Arce-Molina R, Aburto C, Baeza-Lehnert F, Barros LF, Contreras-Baeza Y, Pinilla A, Ruminot I, Rauseo D, Sandoval PY. Visualizing physiological parameters in cells and tissues using genetically encoded indicators for metabolites. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:34-58. [PMID: 35183660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism is undergoing a renaissance. Since the year 2002, over 50 genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) have been introduced, capable of monitoring metabolites with high spatial/temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Indicators are fusion proteins that change their fluorescence upon binding a specific metabolite. There are indicators for sugars, monocarboxylates, Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cofactors, and energy nucleotides. They permit monitoring relative levels, concentrations, and fluxes in living systems. At a minimum they report relative levels and, in some cases, absolute concentrations may be obtained by performing ad hoc calibration protocols. Proper data collection, processing, and interpretation are critical to take full advantage of these new tools. This review offers a survey of the metabolic indicators that have been validated in mammalian systems. Minimally invasive, these indicators have been instrumental for the purposes of confirmation, rebuttal and discovery. We envision that this powerful technology will foster metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A San Martín
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Arce-Molina
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Y Contreras-Baeza
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Pinilla
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Rauseo
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Y Sandoval
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
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16
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Lai W, Du D, Chen L. Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights into Epilepsy Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:844-859. [PMID: 35067830 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. The diagnosis of epilepsy mainly depends on electroencephalograms and symptomatology, while diagnostic biofluid markers are still lacking. In addition, approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy (PWE) show a poor response to the currently available anti-seizure medicines. An increasing number of studies have reported alterations in the blood, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and urine metabolome in PWE and animal models of epilepsy. The aim of this review was to identify potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways that might facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic determination in PWE and the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for metabolomic studies of PWE and epileptic models published before December 2020. The study objectives, types of models and reported differentially altered metabolites were examined and compared. Pathway analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 online software. Thirty-five studies were included in this review. Metabolites such as glutamate, lactate and citrate were disturbed in both PWE and epileptic models, which might be potential biomarkers of epilepsy. Metabolic pathways including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; and arginine and proline metabolism were involved in epilepsy. These pathways might play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. This review summarizes metabolites and metabolic pathways related to epilepsy and provides a novel perspective for the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Lai
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Advanced Mass Spectrometry Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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17
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GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation Improves Impaired Mitochondrial Fuel Oxidation and Lowers Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010154. [PMID: 35052658 PMCID: PMC8773349 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known to have mitochondrial dysfunction and increased insulin resistance (IR), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We reported previously that (a) adequacy of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is necessary for optimal mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (MFO); (b) supplementing the GSH precursors glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in mice corrected GSH deficiency, reversed impaired MFO, and lowered oxidative stress (OxS) and IR; and (c) supplementing GlyNAC in patients with T2D improved GSH synthesis and concentrations, and lowered OxS. However, the effect of GlyNAC on MFO, MGO (mitochondrial glucose oxidation), IR and plasma FFA (free-fatty acid) concentrations in humans with T2D remains unknown. This manuscript reports the effect of supplementing GlyNAC for 14-days on MFO, MGO, IR and FFA in 10 adults with T2D and 10 unsupplemented non-diabetic controls. Fasted T2D participants had 36% lower MFO (p < 0.001), 106% higher MGO (p < 0.01), 425% higher IR (p < 0.001) and 76% higher plasma FFA (p < 0.05). GlyNAC supplementation significantly improved fasted MFO by 30% (p < 0.001), lowered MGO by 47% (p < 0.01), decreased IR by 22% (p < 0.01) and lowered FFA by 25% (p < 0.01). These results provide proof-of-concept that GlyNAC supplementation could improve mitochondrial dysfunction and IR in patients with T2D, and warrant additional research.
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18
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GlyCEST: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Glycine—Distribution in the Normal Murine Brain and Alterations in 5xFAD Mice. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 2021:8988762. [PMID: 35046756 PMCID: PMC8739925 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8988762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The glycine level in the brain is known to be altered in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have reported the in vivo measurement of glycine concentrations in the brain using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), but 1H-MRS is not capable of imaging the distribution of glycine concentration with high spatial resolution. Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (CEST-MRI) is a new technology that can detect specific molecules, including amino acids, in tissues. To validate the measurements of glycine concentrations in living tissues using CEST from glycine to water (GlyCEST), we extracted the brain tissues from mice and performed biochemical tests. In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, GlyCEST effects were found to be higher in the thalamus than in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.0001, paired t-test), and this result was in good agreement with the biochemical results. In 5xFAD mice, an animal model of AD, GlyCEST measurements demonstrated that glycine concentrations in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.05, unpaired t-test) and thalamus (P < 0.0001, unpaired t-test), but not in the hippocampus, were decreased compared to those in wild-type mice. These findings suggest that we have successfully applied the CEST-MRI technique to map the distribution of glycine concentrations in the murine brain. The present method also captured the changes in cerebral glycine concentrations in mice with AD. Imaging the distribution of glycine concentrations in the brain can be useful in investigating and elucidating the pathological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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19
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Sun D, Yang N, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Luo G, Pang J. The discovery of combined toxicity effects and mechanisms of hexaconazole and arsenic to mice based on untargeted metabolomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112859. [PMID: 34624535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high detected frequencies of hexaconazole (Hex) and arsenic (As) increased the probabilities of their co-existence in agricultural products. However, the combined toxicity effect and mechanism of action for these two pollutants were still unclear. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics method with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed to monitor the changes of endogenous metabolites and metabolism pathways in mice liver. Our study revealed that significant differences in metabolomics profiles were observed after Hex, As, and Hex+As exposure for 90 d. Hex exposure altered 54 metabolites and 11 pathways significantly which were mainly lipid-related. For As exposure, 63 metabolites and 9 pathways were affected most of which were amino acid-related. Hex+As induced 93 metabolites changes with 34% was lipids and lipid-like molecules and 22% was organic acids and derivatives. Hex+As exposure shared the pathways that altered by Hex and As indicated that the interaction of Hex and As might be independent action. The results of this study could provide an important insight for understanding the mechanism of combined toxicity for Hex and As and be helpful for evaluating their health risk to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Sun
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zelan Wang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guofei Luo
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Critical Technology for Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Agro-products in Guizhou Ecological Environment, Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China.
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20
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Çakıcı ÖU, Dinçer S. The effect of amino acids on the bladder cycle: a concise review. Amino Acids 2021; 54:13-31. [PMID: 34853916 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human bladder maintains a cycle of filling, storing, and micturating throughout an individual's lifespan. The cycle relies on the ability of the bladder to expand without increasing the intravesical pressure, which is only possible with the controlled relaxation of well-complaint muscles and the congruously organized construction of the bladder wall. A competent bladder outlet, which functions in a synchronous fashion with the bladder, is also necessary for this cycle to be completed successfully without deterioration. In this paper, we aimed to review the contemporary physiological findings on bladder physiology and examine the effects of amino acids on clinical conditions affecting the bladder, with special emphasis on the available therapeutic evidence and possible future roles of the amino acids in the treatment of the bladder-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özer Ural Çakıcı
- Attending Urologist, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey.
- PhD Candidate in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Dinçer
- Professor in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Maciel LÍL, Rodrigues Feitosa Ramalho R, Izidoro Ribeiro R, Cunha Xavier Pinto M, Pereira I, Vaz BG. Combining the Katritzky Reaction and Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Enhanced Detection of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Mouse Brain Sections. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2513-2518. [PMID: 34464122 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a system that combines a derivatization protocol based on the Katritzky reaction with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) for the analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters in mouse brain tissues. The system is relatively simple, consisting of spraying the derivatization solution onto a mouse brain section mounted on a glass slide, applying a small volume of solvent to moisten the sample, pressing a triangular paper onto the sample surface to transfer the sample constituents to the paper surface, and using the paper as a substrate for PSI-MS analysis. The Katritzky reaction facilitated the ionization of the amino acids by reacting a pyrylium salt with the amino group of the analytes, forming very stable pyridinium cations, which greatly increased the sensitivity of the PSI-MS analysis. Most of the intensities of the amino acids modified by the Katritzky reaction were more than 10 times greater than the nonderivatized ones. The system was applied for the analysis of brain sections obtained from mice with Parkinson's disease, and the amino acids gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly), two compounds very well-known in studies of Parkinson's disease, were readily detected. The results suggest that the Katritzky reaction combined with PSI-MS might offer a significant advance in the knowledge on protocols that improve the sensitivity of detection of crucial biological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raul Izidoro Ribeiro
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Brazil
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22
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Perinatal Acetaminophen Exposure and Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Exploring the Role of Umbilical Cord Plasma Metabolites in Oxidative Stress Pathways. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101302. [PMID: 34679367 PMCID: PMC8533963 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress mechanisms may explain associations between perinatal acetaminophen exposure and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether the changes in umbilical cord plasma amino acids needed to synthesize the antioxidant glutathione and in the oxidative stress biomarker 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine may explain the association between cord plasma acetaminophen and ADHD in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). Mother–child dyads were followed at the Boston Medical Center between 1998 and 2018. Cord plasma analytes were measured from archived samples collected at birth. Physician diagnoses of childhood ADHD were obtained from medical records. The final sample consisted of 568 participants (child mean age [SD]: 9.3 [3.5] years, 315 (52.8%) male, 248 (43.7%) ADHD, 320 (56.3%) neurotypical development). Cord unmetabolized acetaminophen was positively correlated with methionine (R = 0.33, p < 0.001), serine (R = 0.30, p < 0.001), glycine (R = 0.34, p < 0.001), and glutamate (R = 0.16, p < 0.001). Children with cord acetaminophen levels >50th percentile appeared to have higher risk of ADHD for each increase in cord 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine level. Adjusting for covariates, increasing cord methionine, glycine, serine, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine were associated with significantly higher odds for childhood ADHD. Cord methionine statistically mediated 22.1% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.167, SE = 0.071, p = 0.019) and glycine mediated 22.0% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.166, SE = 0.078, p = 0.032) of the association between cord acetaminophen >50th percentile with ADHD. Our findings provide some clues, but additional investigation into oxidative stress pathways and the association of acetaminophen exposure and childhood ADHD is warranted.
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23
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Cutruzzolà F, Bouzidi A, Liberati FR, Spizzichino S, Boumis G, Macone A, Rinaldo S, Giardina G, Paone A. The Emerging Role of Amino Acids of the Brain Microenvironment in the Process of Metastasis Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2891. [PMID: 34207731 PMCID: PMC8227515 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most severe clinical manifestation of aggressive tumors. Melanoma, breast, and lung cancers are the types that prefer the brain as a site of metastasis formation, even if the reasons for this phenomenon still remain to be clarified. One of the main characteristics that makes a cancer cell able to form metastases in the brain is the ability to interact with the endothelial cells of the microvasculature, cross the blood-brain barrier, and metabolically adapt to the nutrients available in the new microenvironment. In this review, we analyzed what makes the brain a suitable site for the development of metastases and how this microenvironment, through the continuous release of neurotransmitters and amino acids in the extracellular milieu, is able to support the metabolic needs of metastasizing cells. We also suggested a possible role for amino acids released by the brain through the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier into the bloodstream in triggering the process of extravasation/invasion of the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessio Paone
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.B.); (F.R.L.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (G.G.)
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24
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Adav SS, Wang Y. Metabolomics Signatures of Aging: Recent Advances. Aging Dis 2021; 12:646-661. [PMID: 33815888 PMCID: PMC7990359 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the latest state-of-the-art omics technology that provides a comprehensive quantitative profile of metabolites. The metabolites are the cellular end products of metabolic reactions that explain the ultimate response to genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, or environmental changes. Aging is a natural inevitable process characterized by a time-dependent decline of various physiological and metabolic functions and are dominated collectively by genetics, proteomics, metabolomics, environmental factors, diet, and lifestyle. The precise mechanism of the aging process is unclear, but the metabolomics has the potential to add significant insight by providing a detailed metabolite profile and altered metabolomic functions with age. Although the application of metabolomics to aging research is still relatively new, extensive attempts have been made to understand the biology of aging through a quantitative metabolite profile. This review summarises recent developments and up-to-date information on metabolomics studies in aging research with a major emphasis on aging biomarkers in less invasive biofluids. The importance of an integrative approach that combines multi-omics data to understand the complex aging process is discussed. Despite various innovations in metabolomics and metabolite associated with redox homeostasis, central energy pathways, lipid metabolism, and amino acid, a major challenge remains to provide conclusive aging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Adav
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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25
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Mulak A. Bile Acids as Key Modulators of the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:461-477. [PMID: 34569953 PMCID: PMC8673511 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of the brain-gut-microbiota (BGM) axis disturbances in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been receiving growing attention. At the same time, accumulating data revealing complex interplay between bile acids (BAs), gut microbiota, and host metabolism have shed new light on a potential impact of BAs on the BGM axis. The crosstalk between BAs and gut microbiota is based on reciprocal interactions since microbiota determines BA metabolism, while BAs affect gut microbiota composition. Secondary BAs as microbe-derived neuroactive molecules may affect each of three main routes through which interactions within the BGM axis occur including neural, immune, and neuroendocrine pathways. BAs participate in the regulation of multiple gut-derived molecule release since their receptors are expressed on various cells. The presence of BAs and their receptors in the brain implies a direct effect of BAs on the regulation of neurological functions. Experimental and clinical data confirm that disturbances in BA signaling are present in the course of AD. Disturbed ratio of primary to secondary BAs as well as alterations in BA concertation in serum and brain samples have been reported. An age-related shift in the gut microbiota composition associated with its decreased diversity and stability observed in AD patients may significantly affect BA metabolism and signaling. Given recent evidence on BA neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, new therapeutic targets have been explored including gut microbiota modulation by probiotics and dietary interventions, ursodeoxycholic acid supplementation, and use of BA receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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26
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Niello M, Gradisch R, Loland CJ, Stockner T, Sitte HH. Allosteric Modulation of Neurotransmitter Transporters as a Therapeutic Strategy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:446-463. [PMID: 32471654 PMCID: PMC7610661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) are involved in the fine-tuning of brain neurotransmitter homeostasis. As such, they are implicated in a plethora of complex behaviors, including reward, movement, and cognition. During recent decades, compounds that modulate NTT functions have been developed. Some of them are in clinical use for the management of different neuropsychiatric conditions. The majority of these compounds have been found to selectively interact with the orthosteric site of NTTs. Recently, diverse allosteric sites have been described in a number of NTTs, modulating their function. A more complex NTT pharmacology may be useful in the development of novel therapeutics. Here, we summarize current knowledge on such modulatory allosteric sites, with specific focus on their pharmacological and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Niello
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Gradisch
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Juul Loland
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics. Department of Neuroscience. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; AddRess, Centre for Addiction Research and Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Giubertoni G, Sofronov OO, Bakker HJ. Effect of intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation on the molecular conformation of amino acids. Commun Chem 2020; 3:84. [PMID: 36703397 PMCID: PMC9814578 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular conformation of the carboxyl group can be crucial for its chemical properties and intermolecular interactions, especially in complex molecular environments such as polypeptides. Here, we study the conformational behaviour of the model amino acid N-acetylproline in solution at room temperature with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. We find that the carboxyl group of N-acetylproline adopts two distinct conformations, syn- and anti-. In the syn-conformer the O-H group is oriented at ~60∘ with respect to the C=O and in the anti-conformer the O-H is anti-parallel to the C=O. In hydrogen-bond accepting solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or water, we observe that, similar to simple carboxylic acids, around 20% of the -COOH groups adopt an anti-conformation. However, when N-acetylproline is dissolved in a weakly hydrogen-bond accepting solvent (acetonitrile), we observe the formation of a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the carboxyl group in the anti-conformation and the amide group, which stabilizes the anti-conformer, increasing its relative abundance to ~60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giubertoni
- grid.417889.b0000 0004 0646 2441AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr O. Sofronov
- grid.417889.b0000 0004 0646 2441AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J. Bakker
- grid.417889.b0000 0004 0646 2441AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Varga AG, Maletz SN, Bateman JT, Reid BT, Levitt ES. Neurochemistry of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus from a respiratory perspective. J Neurochem 2020; 156:16-37. [PMID: 32396650 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) is a functionally distinct component of the parabrachial complex, located in the dorsolateral pons of mammals. The KF has a major role in respiration and upper airway control. A comprehensive understanding of the KF and its contributions to respiratory function and dysfunction requires an appreciation for its neurochemical characteristics. The goal of this review is to summarize the diverse neurochemical composition of the KF, focusing on the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neuropeptides present. We also include a description of the receptors expressed on KF neurons and transporters involved in each system, as well as their putative roles in respiratory physiology. Finally, we provide a short section reviewing the literature regarding neurochemical changes in the KF in the context of respiratory dysfunction observed in SIDS and Rett syndrome. By over-viewing the current literature on the neurochemical composition of the KF, this review will serve to aid a wide range of topics in the future research into the neural control of respiration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn G Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sebastian N Maletz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jordan T Bateman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brandon T Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erica S Levitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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29
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Bardanzellu F, Puddu M, Fanos V. The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes, and Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Implications for Child Growth and Development. J Pediatr 2020; 221S:S20-S28. [PMID: 32482230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Melania Puddu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Italy
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30
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Yamamoto A, Matsumoto K, Hori K, Kameshima S, Yamaguchi N, Okada S, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Acute intracerebroventricular injection of chemerin-9 increases systemic blood pressure through activating sympathetic nerves via CMKLR1 in brain. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:673-681. [PMID: 32462328 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is an adipocytokine involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism via G protein-coupled receptor, chemokine-like receptor (CMKLR)1. Since the important nuclei regulating pressure (BP) exist in the brain, we examined the effects of acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of chemerin-9 on systemic BP and explored underlying mechanisms. We examined the effects of acute i.c.v. injection of chemerin-9 (10 nmol/head) on systemic BP by a carotid cannulation method in the control or CMKLR1 small interfering (si) RNA-treated Wistar rats (0.04 nmol, 3 days, i.c.v.). We examined protein expression of CMKLR1 around brain ventricles by Western blotting. We examined the effects of acute i.c.v. injection of chemerin-9 on serum adrenaline by a high performance liquid chromatography. In the control siRNA-treated rats, chemerin-9 significantly increased mean BP, which reached a peak at 2 to 4 min after injection. On the other hand, in the CMKLR1 siRNA-treated rats, chemerin-9 did not affect the mean BP. Protein expression of CMKLR1 specifically in subfornical organ (SFO) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) from the CMKLR1 siRNA-treated rats decreased compared with the control siRNA-treated rats. In the control siRNA-treated rats, chemerin-9 increased serum adrenaline level. On the other hand, in the CMKLR1 siRNA-treated rats, chemerin-9 did not affect the serum adrenaline level. Further, pretreatment with prazosin, an α-adrenaline receptor blocker, significantly prevented the pressor responses induced by chemerin-9. In summary, we for the first time demonstrated that chemerin-9 stimulates the sympathetic nerves via CMKLR1 perhaps expressed in SFO and PVN, which leads to an increase in systemic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kengo Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kiko Hori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameshima
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Yazakokarimata 1-1, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shoshiro Okada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Yazakokarimata 1-1, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
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31
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Taubert J, Adolph S, Scherer R, Südekum KH. Simultaneous detection of biogenic amines and aminobutyric acid isomers in high-protein forages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Varga E, Farkas E, Zséli G, Kádár A, Venczel A, Kővári D, Németh D, Máté Z, Erdélyi F, Horváth A, Szenci O, Watanabe M, Lechan RM, Gereben B, Fekete C. Thyrotropin-Releasing-Hormone-Synthesizing Neurons of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Are Inhibited by Glycinergic Inputs. Thyroid 2019; 29:1858-1868. [PMID: 31659941 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glycine is a classical neurotransmitter that has role in both inhibitory and excitatory synapses. To understand whether glycinergic inputs are involved in the regulation of the hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons, the central controllers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, the glycinergic innervation of the TRH neurons was studied in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Methods: Double-labeling immunocytochemistry and patch-clamp electrophysiology were used to determine the role of glycinergic neurons in the regulation of TRH neurons in the PVN. Anterograde and retrograde tracing methods were used to determine the sources of the glycinergic input of TRH neurons. Results: Glycine transporter-2 (GLYT2), a marker of glycinergic neurons, containing axons were found to establish symmetric type of synapses on TRH neurons in the PVN. Furthermore, glycine receptor immunoreactivity was observed in these TRH neurons. The raphe magnus (RMg) and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG) were found to be the exclusive sources of the glycinergic innervation of the TRH neurons within the PVN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology using sections of TRH-IRES-tdTomato mice showed that glycine hyperpolarized the TRH neurons and completely blocked the firing of these neurons. Glycine also markedly hyperpolarized the TRH neurons in the presence of tetrodotoxin demonstrating the direct effect of glycine. In more than 60% of the TRH neurons, spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were observed, even after the pharmacological inhibition of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal transmission. The glycine antagonist, strychnine, almost completely abolished these sIPSCs, demonstrating the inhibitory nature of the glycinergic input of TRH neurons. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that TRH neurons in the PVN receive glycinergic inputs from the RMg and the VLPAG. The symmetric type of synaptic connection and the results of the electrophysiological experiments demonstrate the inhibitory nature of these inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Varga
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Farkas
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Zséli
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kádár
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Venczel
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kővári
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Németh
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Máté
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Horváth
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Üllő, Dóra Major, Hungary
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő, Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Üllő, Dóra Major, Hungary
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő, Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ronald M Lechan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9214719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters as electrochemical signaling molecules are essential for proper brain function and their dysfunction is involved in several mental disorders. Therefore, the accurate detection and monitoring of these substances are crucial in brain studies. Neurotransmitters are present in the nervous system at very low concentrations, and they mixed with many other biochemical molecules and minerals, thus making their selective detection and measurement difficult. Although numerous techniques to do so have been proposed in the literature, neurotransmitter monitoring in the brain is still a challenge and the subject of ongoing research. This article reviews the current advances and trends in neurotransmitters detection techniques, including in vivo sampling and imaging techniques, electrochemical and nano-object sensing techniques for in vitro and in vivo detection, as well as spectrometric, analytical and derivatization-based methods mainly used for in vitro research. The document analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each method, with the aim to offer selection guidelines for neuro-engineering research.
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Relevance of Surface Neuronal Protein Autoantibodies as Biomarkers in Seizure-Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184529. [PMID: 31540204 PMCID: PMC6769659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of neuronal surface protein autoantibody-related disorders has contributed to several changes in our understanding of central nervous system autoimmunity. The clinical presentation of these disorders may be associated (or not) with tumors, and often patients develop an inexplicable onset of epilepsy, catatonic or autistic features, or memory and cognitive dysfunctions. The autoantigens in such cases have critical roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity, memory function, and process learning. For months, patients with such antibodies may be comatose or encephalopathic and yet completely recover with palliative care and immunotherapies. This paper reviews several targets of neuronal antibodies as biomarkers in seizure disorders, focusing mainly on autoantibodies, which target the extracellular domains of membrane proteins, namely leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-B (GABABR), the glycine receptor (GlyR), and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). In order to restore health status, limit hospitalization, and optimize results, testing these antibodies should be done locally, using internationally certified procedures for a precise and rapid diagnosis, with the possibility of initiating therapy as soon as possible.
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Holton KF, Johnstone JM, Brandley ET, Nigg JT. Evaluation of dietary intake in children and college students with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 22:664-677. [PMID: 29361884 PMCID: PMC6309508 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1427661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate dietary intake among individuals with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to evaluate the likelihood that those with ADHD have inadequate intakes. Methods: Children, 7-12 years old, with (n = 23) and without (n = 22) ADHD, and college students, 18-25 years old, with (n = 21) and without (n = 30) ADHD comprised the samples. Children's dietary intake was assessed by a registered dietitian using 24-hour recalls over 3 days. College students kept a detailed food record over three days. Dietary information for both groups was entered into the Nutrition Data Systems for Research database, and output was analyzed using SAS 9.4. Nutrient analyses included the Healthy Eating Index-2010, Micronutrient Index (as a measure of overall micronutrient intake), and individual amino acids necessary for neurotransmission. Logistic regression was used to model the association of nutrient intake with ADHD. Models were adjusted for age, sex, IQ (or GPA), and energy intake (or total protein intake) as appropriate. Significance was evaluated at P = 0.05, and using the Benjamini-Hochberg corrected P-value for multiple comparisons. Results: No evidence existed for reduced nutrient intake among those with ADHD compared to controls in either age group. Across both groups, inadequate intakes of vitamin D and potassium were reported in 95% of participants. Children largely met nutrient intake guidelines, while college students failed to meet these guidelines for nine nutrients. In regards to amino acid intake in children, an increased likelihood of having ADHD was associated with higher consumption of aspartate, OR = 12.61 (P = 0.01) and glycine OR = 11.60 (P = 0.05); and a reduced likelihood of ADHD with higher intakes of glutamate, OR = 0.34 (P = 0.03). Among young adults, none of the amino acids were significantly associated with ADHD, though glycine and tryptophan approached significance. Discussion: Results fail to support the hypothesis that ADHD is driven solely by dietary micronutrient inadequacy. However, amino acids associated with neurotransmission, specifically those affecting glutamatergic neurotransmission, differed by ADHD status in children. Amino acids did not reliably vary among college students. Future larger scale studies are needed to further examine whether or not dietary intake of amino acids may be a modulating factor in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F. Holton
- Department of Health Studies, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Gray Hall 119, Washington, D.C. 20016; (202) 885-3797
| | - Jeanette M. Johnstone
- Departments of Neurology and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, DC7P; (503) 494-7340,
| | - Elizabeth T. Brandley
- Department of Health Studies, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016; (603)313-9176;
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239; (503) 346-0640,
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Mu L, Niu Z, Blair RH, Yu H, Browne RW, Bonner MR, Fanter T, Deng F, Swanson M. Metabolomics Profiling before, during, and after the Beijing Olympics: A Panel Study of Within-Individual Differences during Periods of High and Low Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:57010. [PMID: 31140880 PMCID: PMC6791568 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolome is a collection of exogenous chemicals and metabolites from cellular processes that may reflect the body's response to environmental exposures. Studies of air pollution and metabolomics are limited. OBJECTIVES To explore changes in the human metabolome before, during, and after the 2008 Beijing Olympics Games, when air pollution was high, low, and high, respectively. METHODS Serum samples were collected before, during, and after the Olympics from 26 participants in an existing panel study. Gas and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were used in metabolomics analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA, network analysis, and enrichment analysis methods were employed to identify metabolites and classes associated with air pollution changes. RESULTS A total of 886 molecules were measured in our metabolomics analysis. Network partitioning identified four modules with 65 known metabolites that significantly changed across the three time points. All known molecules in the first module ([Formula: see text]) were lipids (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid, stearic acid). The second module consisted primarily of dipeptides ([Formula: see text], e.g., isoleucylglycine) plus 8 metabolites from four other classes (e.g., hypoxanthine, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid). Most of the metabolites in Modules 3 (19 of 23) and 4 (5 of 5) were unknown. Enrichment analysis of module-identified metabolites indicted significantly overrepresented pathways, including long- and medium-chain fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 and n6), eicosanoids, lysolipid, dipeptides, fatty acid metabolism, and purine metabolism [(hypo) xanthine/inosine-containing pathways]. CONCLUSIONS We identified two major metabolic signatures: one consisting of lipids, and a second that included dipeptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, taurine, and xanthine. Metabolites in both groups decreased during the 2008 Beijing Olympics, when air pollution was low, and increased after the Olympics, when air pollution returned to normal (high) levels. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3705.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Rachael Hageman Blair
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard W. Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Matthew R. Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany Fanter
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mya Swanson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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McLaughlin C, Clements J, Oprişoreanu AM, Sylantyev S. The role of tonic glycinergic conductance in cerebellar granule cell signalling and the effect of gain-of-function mutation. J Physiol 2019; 597:2457-2481. [PMID: 30875431 DOI: 10.1113/jp277626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A T258F mutation of the glycine receptor increases the receptor affinity to endogenous agonists, modifies single-channel conductance and shapes response decay kinetics. Glycine receptors of cerebellar granule cells play their functional role not continuously, but when the granule cell layer starts receiving a high amount of excitatory inputs. Despite their relative scarcity, tonically active glycine receptors of cerebellar granule cells make a significant impact on action potential generation and inter-neuronal crosstalk, and modulate synaptic plasticity in neural networks; extracellular glycine increases probability of postsynaptic response occurrence acting at NMDA receptors and decreases this probability acting at glycine receptors. Tonic conductance through glycine receptors of cerebellar granule cells is a yet undiscovered element of the biphasic mechanism that regulates processing of sensory inputs in the cerebellum. A T258F point mutation disrupts this biphasic mechanism, thus illustrating the possible role of the gain-of-function mutations of the glycine receptor in development of neural pathologies. ABSTRACT Functional glycine receptors (GlyRs) have been repeatedly detected in cerebellar granule cells (CGCs), where they deliver exclusively tonic inhibitory signals. The functional role of this signalling, however, remains unclear. Apart from that, there is accumulating evidence of the important role of GlyRs in cerebellar structures in development of neural pathologies such as hyperekplexia, which can be triggered by GlyR gain-of-function mutations. In this research we initially tested functional properties of GlyRs, carrying the yet understudied T258F gain-of-function mutation, and found that this mutation makes significant modifications in GlyR response to endogenous agonists. Next, we clarified the role of tonic GlyR conductance in neuronal signalling generated by single CGCs and by neural networks in cell cultures and in living cerebellar tissue of C57Bl-6J mice. We found that GlyRs of CGCs deliver a significant amount of tonic inhibition not continuously, but when the cerebellar granule layer starts receiving substantial excitatory input. Under these conditions tonically active GlyRs become a part of neural signalling machinery allowing generation of action potential (AP) bursts of limited length in response to sensory-evoked signals. GlyRs of CGCs support a biphasic modulatory mechanism which enhances AP firing when excitatory input intensity is low, but suppresses it when excitatory input rises to a certain critical level. This enables one of the key functions of the CGC layer: formation of sensory representations and their translation into motor output. Finally, we have demonstrated that the T258F mutation in CGC GlyRs modifies single-cell and neural network signalling, and breaks a biphasic modulation of the AP-generating machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McLaughlin
- Gene Therapy Group, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John Clements
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ana-Maria Oprişoreanu
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sergiy Sylantyev
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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Lushnikova I, Maleeva G, Skibo G. Glycine receptors are involved in hippocampal neuronal damage caused by oxygen-glucose deficiency. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1423-1431. [PMID: 30022566 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) belong to the family of ligand-gated cys-loop receptors and effectuate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in central nervous system (CNS). They are involved in numerous physiological processes, such as movement, respiration, and processing of sensory information, as well as in regulation of neuronal excitability in different brain regions. GlyRs play important role in the maintenance of excitatory/inhibitory balance in the hippocampus and participate in the development of various brain pathologies. In the present study, we have examined a surface expression of GlyRs by pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in control and after 30 min of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in the organotypic culture of hippocampal slices. Our investigation has demonstrated a decrease in GlyR-positive staining associated with pyramidal neurons and relative stability of GlyRs expression at the surface of astrocytes 4 hs after OGD. These data indicate that GlyRs dysfunction may represent a significant additional factor leading to enhanced neuronal damage induced by OGD. Pharmacological modulation of GlyRs is a promising venue of research for the correction of negative consequences of oxygen-glucose deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Lushnikova
- Department of Cytology, O.O.Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Maleeva
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Department of Cytology, O.O.Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
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Vanaveski T, Narvik J, Innos J, Philips MA, Ottas A, Plaas M, Haring L, Zilmer M, Vasar E. Repeated Administration of D-Amphetamine Induces Distinct Alterations in Behavior and Metabolite Levels in 129Sv and Bl6 Mouse Strains. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:399. [PMID: 29946233 PMCID: PMC6005828 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the study was to characterize the behavioral and metabolomic profiles of repeated administration (for 11 days) of d-amphetamine (AMPH, 3 mg/kg i. p.), indirect agonist of dopamine (DA), in widely used 129S6/SvEvTac (129Sv) and C57BL/6NTac (Bl6) mouse strains. Acute administration of AMPH (acute AMPH) induced significantly stronger motor stimulation in Bl6. However, repeated administration of AMPH (repeated AMPH) caused stronger motor sensitization in 129Sv compared acute AMPH. Body weight of 129Sv was reduced after repeated saline and AMPH, whereas no change occurred in Bl6. In the metabolomic study, acute AMPH induced an elevation of isoleucine and leucine, branched chain amino acids (BCAA), whereas the level of hexoses was reduced in Bl6. Both BCAAs and hexoses remained on level of acute AMPH after repeated AMPH in Bl6. Three biogenic amines [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), alpha-aminoadipic acid (alpha-AAA), kynurenine] were significantly reduced after repeated AMPH. Acute AMPH caused in 129Sv a significant reduction of valine, lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC a C16:0, lysoPC a C18:2, lysoPC a C20:4), phosphatidylcholine (PC) diacyls (PC aa C34:2, PC aa C36:2, PC aa C36:3, PC aa C36:4) and alkyl-acyls (PC ae C38:4, PC ae C40:4). However, repeated AMPH increased the levels of valine and isoleucine, long-chain acylcarnitines (C14, C14:1-OH, C16, C18:1), PC diacyls (PC aa C38:4, PC aa C38:6, PC aa C42:6), PC acyl-alkyls (PC ae C38:4, PC ae C40:4, PC ae C40:5, PC ae C40:6, PC ae C42:1, PC ae C42:3) and sphingolipids [SM(OH)C22:1, SM C24:0] compared to acute AMPH in 129Sv. Hexoses and kynurenine were reduced after repeated AMPH compared to saline in 129Sv. The established changes probably reflect a shift in energy metabolism toward lipid molecules in 129Sv because of reduced level of hexoses. Pooled data from both strains showed that the elevation of isoleucine and leucine was a prominent biomarker of AMPH-induced behavioral sensitization. Simultaneously a significant decline of hexoses, citrulline, ADMA, and kynurenine occurred. The reduced levels of kynurenine, ADMA, and citrulline likely reflect altered function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and NO systems caused by repeated AMPH. Altogether, 129Sv strain displays stronger sensitization toward AMPH and larger variance in metabolite levels than Bl6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Vanaveski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jane Narvik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Innos
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aigar Ottas
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Plaas
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Clinic and Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Haring
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Öner Ç, Çolak E, Coşan DT. Potassium channel inhibitors induce oxidative stress in breast cancer cells. ASIAN BIOMED 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/abm-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antioxidant levels increase to protect cell homeostasis when oxidant generation is increased by drug or inhibitor treatment. If the oxidant–antioxidant equilibrium is disrupted, oxidative stress will occur.
Objectives
To determine the effects of various potassium channel inhibitors in the disruption of oxidant–antioxidant equilibrium in breast cancer cell lines with various phenotypes.
Methods
MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with tetraethylammonium chloride (5 mM; TEA), 4-aminopyridine (5 mM; 4-AP), margatoxin (25 nM; MgTX), or astemizole (200 nM; AST). After treatment, total antioxidant, oxidant, and oxidative stress levels were determined.
Results
Incubation with TEA, 4-AP, MgTX, and AST increased oxidative stress in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (P < 0.001). Specific inhibitors of calcium-activated potassium channels and ether á go-go 1-related potassium channels produce greater oxidative stress than other inhibitors in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, whereas in MDA-MB-231 cells, the nonselective channel inhibitor 4-AP produces the greatest oxidative stress.
Conclusions
Potassium channel inhibitors used in our study disrupted the antioxidant–oxidant equilibrium and increased oxidative stress in the cancer cell lines. Although all of the channel inhibitors increased oxidative stress in cells, TEA and AST were the most effective inhibitors in MCF-7 cells. 4-AP was the most effective inhibitor in MDA-MB-231 cells. Voltage-gated potassium channels are attractive targets for anticancer therapy, and their inhibitors may enhance the effects of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağri Öner
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty , Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , 26480 , Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Çolak
- Department of Biostatics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty , Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir 26480 , Turkey
| | - Didem Turgut Coşan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty , Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , 26480 , Turkey
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Neuronal death/apoptosis induced by intracellular zinc deficiency associated with changes in amino-acid neurotransmitters and glutamate receptor subtypes. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 179:54-59. [PMID: 29175628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a model of zinc deficiency was developed by exposing primary neurons to an N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN)-containing medium. The cell survival rate, apoptosis rate, intracellular and extracellular concentrations of 4 amino acids, and the expression of 2 glutamate receptor subtypes α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptor (GluR2)and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) were evaluated in zinc-deficient cells. The results revealed that zinc deficiency led to a decrease in cell viability and an increase in the apoptosis rate. Additionally, in cultured neurons, zinc deficiency led to an increase in the concentration of aspartic acid (Asp) and a decrease in the concentrations of glutamate (Glu), glycine (Gly), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These changes were reversed by concurrent zinc supplementation. Furthermore, zinc deficiency led to an increase in the secreted amounts of Glu, Gly, and Asp but a decrease in secreted amounts of GABA, as measured using the concentrations of these amino acids in the cell-culture medium. These changes were partially reversed by zinc supplementation. Finally, zinc deficiency led to a significant decrease in GluR2 expression and an increase in NR2B expression in cultured neurons, whereas simultaneous treatment with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) prevented these changes. These results suggest that zinc deficiency-induced neuronal death/apoptosis involves changes in the concentrations of 4 amino acid neurotransmitters and the expression of 2 glutamate receptor subtypes.
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Differences in neurochemical profiles of two gadid species under ocean warming and acidification. Front Zool 2017; 14:49. [PMID: 29093740 PMCID: PMC5661927 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to future ocean acidification scenarios may alter the behaviour of marine teleosts through interference with neuroreceptor functioning. So far, most studies investigated effects of ocean acidification on the behaviour of fish, either isolated or in combination with environmental temperature. However, only few physiological studies on this issue were conducted despite the putative neurophysiological origin of the CO2-induced behavioural changes. Here, we present the metabolic consequences of long-term exposure to projected ocean acidification (396–548 μatm PCO2 under control and 915–1272 μatm under treatment conditions) and parallel warming in the brain of two related fish species, polar cod (Boreogadus saida, exposed to 0 °C, 3 °C, 6 °C and 8 °C) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, exposed to 3 °C, 8 °C, 12 °C and 16 °C). It has been shown that B. saida is behaviourally vulnerable to future ocean acidification scenarios, while G. morhua demonstrates behavioural resilience. Results We found that temperature alters brain osmolyte, amino acid, choline and neurotransmitter concentrations in both species indicating thermal responses particularly in osmoregulation and membrane structure. In B. saida, changes in amino acid and osmolyte metabolism at the highest temperature tested were also affected by CO2, possibly emphasizing energetic limitations. We did not observe changes in neurotransmitters, energy metabolites, membrane components or osmolytes that might serve as a compensatory mechanism against CO2 induced behavioural impairments. In contrast to B. saida, such temperature limitation was not detected in G. morhua; however, at 8 °C, CO2 induced an increase in the levels of metabolites of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle potentially indicating greater GABAergic activity in G.morhua. Further, increased availability of energy-rich substrates was detected under these conditions. Conclusions Our results indicate a change of GABAergic metabolism in the nervous system of Gadus morhua close to the optimum of the temperature range. Since a former study showed that juvenile G. morhua might be slightly more behaviourally resilient to CO2 at this respective temperature, we conclude that the observed change of GABAergic metabolism could be involved in counteracting OA induced behavioural changes. This may serve as a fitness advantage of this respective species compared to B. saida in a future warmer, more acidified polar ocean. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-017-0238-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Mori H, Momosaki K, Kido J, Naramura T, Tanaka K, Matsumoto S, Nakamura K, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Iwai M. Amelioration by glycine of brain damage in neonatal rat brain following hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:321-327. [PMID: 27613478 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine protected adult brains against injury in an experimental model of stroke, but, because the ischemic response of neonatal brains differs from that of adult brains, we examined the neuroprotective efficacy of glycine and associated mechanisms in an experimental model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy. METHODS Neonatal (postnatal day 7) Wistar rats were randomly divided into an untreated group (non-HI) and two HI groups that were treated with left common carotid artery ligation and saline control or glycine. After recovery, pups that received surgery were injected i.p. with saline or glycine (800 mg/kg; optimal dose determined in pilot experiments) and were placed in a controlled 8% O2 chamber for 120 min. Brains were harvested at various times after return to normoxia (several hours-days after HI) for analysis of infarct area, glial activation, cell apoptosis, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression on histology and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Glycine injections induced large (approx. 15-fold) but brief (approx. 2 h) increases in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations. In particular, the glycine group had a >70% decrease in infarct areas compared with controls at 7 days after HI. Glycine also significantly reduced astrocyte reactive transformation, microglia activation, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive (apoptotic) cell numbers in peri-lesional areas at 3 days after HI, and TNF-α mRNA expression in the injured hemisphere at 12 and 24 h after HI. CONCLUSION Glycine protected neonatal rat brains against HI, in part by inhibiting TNF-α-induced inflammation and gliosis. Hence, systemic glycine infusions may have clinical utility for the treatment of HI injury in human newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Momosaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Naramura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shirou Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Horzmann KA, Freeman JL. Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets and Alterations in Chemical Toxicity. TOXICS 2016; 4:19. [PMID: 28730152 PMCID: PMC5515482 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is critical for normal brain development, behavior, learning, and memory. Exposure to drugs and chemicals can alter neurotransmission, often through unknown pathways and mechanisms. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system is increasingly being used to study the brain and chemical neurotoxicity. In this review, the major neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and glutamate are surveyed and pathways of synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action are examined. Differences between human and zebrafish neurochemical pathways are highlighted. We also review techniques for evaluating neurological function, including the measurement of neurotransmitter levels, assessment of gene expression through transcriptomic analysis, and the recording of neurobehavior. Finally examples of chemical toxicity studies evaluating alterations in neurotransmitter systems in the zebrafish model are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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Wang Z, Wang J, Jin Y, Luo Z, Yang W, Xie H, Huang K, Wang L. A Neuroprotective Sericin Hydrogel As an Effective Neuronal Cell Carrier for the Repair of Ischemic Stroke. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24629-40. [PMID: 26478947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes extensive cellular loss that impairs brain functions, resulting in severe disabilities. No effective treatments are currently available for brain tissue regeneration. The need to develop effective therapeutic approaches for treating stroke is compelling. A tissue engineering approach employing a hydrogel carrying both cells and neurotrophic cytokines to damaged regions is an encouraging alternative for neuronal repair. However, this approach is often challenged by low in vivo cell survival rate, and low encapsulation efficiency and loss of cytokines. To address these limitations, we propose to develop a biomaterial that can form a matrix capable of improving in vivo survival of transplanted cells and reducing in vivo loss of cytokines. Here, we report that using sericin, a natural protein from silk, we have fabricated a genipin-cross-linked sericin hydrogel (GSH) with porous structure and mild swelling ratio. The GSH supports the effective attachment and growth of neurons in vitro. Strikingly, our data reveal that sericin protein is intrinsically neurotrophic and neuroprotective, promoting axon extension and branching as well as preventing primary neurons from hypoxia-induced cell death. Notably, these functions are inherited by the GSH's degradation products, which might spare a need of incorporating costly cytokines. We further demonstrate that this neurotrophic effect is dependent on the Lkb1-Nuak1 pathway, while the neuroprotective effect is realized through regulating the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio. Importantly, when transplanted in vivo, the GSH gives a high cell survival rate and allows the cells to continuously proliferate. Together, this work unmasks the neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions for sericin and provides strong evidence justifying the GSH's suitability as a potential neuronal cell delivery vehicle for ischemic stroke repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Zhen Luo
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Wen Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Hongjian Xie
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
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Grados MA, Atkins EB, Kovacikova GI, McVicar E. A selective review of glutamate pharmacological therapy in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2015; 8:115-31. [PMID: 25995654 PMCID: PMC4425334 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s58601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate, an excitatory central nervous system neurotransmitter, is emerging as a potential alternative pharmacological treatment when compared to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-, dopamine-, and serotonin-modulating treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions. The pathophysiology, animal models, and clinical trials of glutamate modulation are explored in disorders with underlying inhibitory deficits (cognitive, motor, behavioral) including obsessive–compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, trichotillomania, excoriation disorder, and nail biting. Obsessive–compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and grooming disorders (trichotillomania and excoriation disorder) have emerging positive data, although only scarce controlled trials are available. The evidence is less supportive for the use of glutamate modulators in Tourette syndrome. Glutamate-modulating agents show promise in the treatment of disorders of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Grados
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Grados MA, Specht MW, Sung HM, Fortune D. Glutamate drugs and pharmacogenetics of OCD: a pathway-based exploratory approach. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1515-27. [PMID: 24147578 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.845553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropharmacology research in glutamate-modulating drugs supports their development and use in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression, Alzheimer's disorder and schizophrenia. Concomitantly, there is a growing use of these agents used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). AREAS COVERED This article provides a review of glutamate-modulating drugs used in the treatment of OCD. Specifically, the authors examine riluzole, N-acetylcysteine, d-cycloserine, glycine, ketamine, memantine and acamprosate as treatments. Furthermore, recent genetic epidemiology research findings are presented with a focus on the positional candidate genes SLC1A1 (a glutamate transporter), ADAR3 (an RNA-editing enzyme), RYR3 (a Ca(2+) channel), PBX1 (a homeobox transcription factor) and a GWAS candidate gene, DLGAP1 (a protein interacting with post-synaptic density). These genetic findings are submitted to a curated bioinformatics database to conform a biological network for discerning potential pharmacological targets. EXPERT OPINION In the genetically informed network, known genes and identified key connecting components, including DLG4 (a developmental gene), PSD-95 (a synaptic scaffolding protein) and PSEN1 (presenilin, a regulator of secretase), conform a group of potential pharmacological targets. These potential targets can be explored, in the future, to deliver new therapeutic approaches to OCD. There is also the need to develop a better understanding of neuroprotective mechanisms as a foundation for future OCD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Grados
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1800 Orleans St. - 12th floor, Baltimore, MD 21287 , USA +1 443 287 2291 ; +1 410 955 8691 ;
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Anadón R, Rodríguez-Moldes I, Adrio F. Glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of a shark (Scyliorhinus caniculaL.). J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:3057-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Anadón
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de; Compostela; Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de; Compostela; Spain
| | - Fátima Adrio
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de; Compostela; Spain
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Gold M, Pul R, Bach JP, Stangel M, Dodel R. Pathogenic and physiological autoantibodies in the central nervous system. Immunol Rev 2012; 248:68-86. [PMID: 22725955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the current knowledge on pathological and physiological autoantibodies directed toward structures in the central nervous system (CNS) with an emphasis on their regulation and origin. Pathological autoantibodies in the CNS that are associated with autoimmunity often lead to severe neurological deficits via inflammatory processes such as encephalitis. In some instances, however, autoantibodies function as a marker for diagnostic purposes without contributing to the pathological process and/or disease progression. The existence of naturally occurring physiological autoantibodies has been known for a long time, and their role in maintaining homeostasis is well established. Within the brain, naturally occurring autoantibodies targeting aggregated proteins have been detected and might be promising candidates for new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. Further evidence has demonstrated the existence of naturally occurring antibodies targeting antigens on neurons and oligodendrocytes that promote axonal outgrowth and remyelination. The numerous actions of physiological autoantibodies as well as their regulation and origin are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Gold
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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