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Shan L, Heusinkveld HJ, Paul KC, Hughes S, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR, Homberg JR. Towards improved screening of toxins for Parkinson's risk. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:169. [PMID: 38114496 PMCID: PMC10730534 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and disabling neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence of PD has risen considerably over the past decades. A growing body of evidence suggest that exposure to environmental toxins, including pesticides, solvents and heavy metals (collectively called toxins), is at least in part responsible for this rapid growth. It is worrying that the current screening procedures being applied internationally to test for possible neurotoxicity of specific compounds offer inadequate insights into the risk of developing PD in humans. Improved screening procedures are therefore urgently needed. Our review first substantiates current evidence on the relation between exposure to environmental toxins and the risk of developing PD. We subsequently propose to replace the current standard toxin screening by a well-controlled multi-tier toxin screening involving the following steps: in silico studies (tier 1) followed by in vitro tests (tier 2), aiming to prioritize agents with human relevant routes of exposure. More in depth studies can be undertaken in tier 3, with whole-organism (in)vertebrate models. Tier 4 has a dedicated focus on cell loss in the substantia nigra and on the presumed mechanisms of neurotoxicity in rodent models, which are required to confirm or refute the possible neurotoxicity of any individual compound. This improved screening procedure should not only evaluate new pesticides that seek access to the market, but also critically assess all pesticides that are being used today, acknowledging that none of these has ever been proven to be safe from a perspective of PD. Importantly, the improved screening procedures should not just assess the neurotoxic risk of isolated compounds, but should also specifically look at the cumulative risk conveyed by exposure to commonly used combinations of pesticides (cocktails). The worldwide implementation of such an improved screening procedure, would be an essential step for policy makers and governments to recognize PD-related environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Hughes
- A-LIFE Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environmental Health and Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Omar NA, Kumar J, Teoh SL. Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish using intraperitoneal MPTP injection. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1236049. [PMID: 37694115 PMCID: PMC10485380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1236049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that severely affects the quality of life of patients and their family members. Exposure to 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to reflect behavioral, molecular, and proteomic features of PD. This study aimed to assess the protocol for inducing PD following MPTP injection in adult zebrafish. Methods Fish were injected with 100 μg/g of MPTP intraperitoneally once or twice and then assessed on days 1 to 30 post-injection. Results Between one-time and two-time injections, there was no significant difference in most locomotor parameters, expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase-2 (th2) and dopamine transporter (dat) genes, and dopaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase positive, TH+ cells) counts. However, caspase-3 levels significantly differed between one- and two-time injections on the day 1 assessment. Discussion Over a 30-day period, the parameters showed significant differences in swimming speed, total distance traveled, tyrosine hydroxylase-1 (th1) and dat gene expressions, caspase-3 and glutathione protein levels, and TH+ cell counts. Days 3 and 5 showed the most changes compared to the control. In conclusion, a one-time injection of MPTP with delayed assessment on days 3 to 5 is a good PD model for animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azzizah Omar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kang H, Shu W, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Jing J, Zhang X. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Nitroxyl in a Parkinson's Disease Model. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6295-6302. [PMID: 37011139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are considered to play important effects in the administration of many pathological processes of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the intricate relationship between the neurotoxicity of HNO and ER stress in the processes of PD is still unknown. To completely comprehend the pathogenic activity of HNO during ER stress and achieve early diagnosis of PD, developing sensitive tools for HNO sensing in vivo is essential. In this work, a two-photon fluorescent probe (KD-HNO) was developed with highly selective and sensitive (7.93 nM) response for HNO in vitro. Then, utilizing KD-HNO, we found that HNO levels were distinctly increased in tunicamycin-stimulated PC12 cells, which are characterized by ER stress and PD features. Most importantly, we detected a considerable increase in HNO levels in the brains of PD-model mice, indicating a positive correlation between PD and HNO levels for the first time. Collectively, these findings revealed that KD-HNO is an excellent tool not only for understanding the biological effects of HNO in pathological processes of PD but also for early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Shu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rubo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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A Nanobody-Mediated Virus-Targeting Drug Delivery Platform for the Central Nervous System Viral Disease Therapy. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0148721. [PMID: 34817277 PMCID: PMC8612154 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01487-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a major global health concern. Difficulties in treating these diseases are caused mainly by the biological tissues and barriers, which hinder the transport of drugs into the CNS. To counter this, a nanobody-mediated virus-targeting drug delivery platform (SWCNTs-P-A-Nb) is constructed for CNS viral disease therapy. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is employed as a disease model. SWCNTs-P-A-Nb is successfully constructed by employing single-walled carbon nanotubes, amantadine, and NNV-specific nanobody (NNV-Nb) as the nanocarrier, anti-NNV drug, and targeting ligand, respectively. Results showed that SWCNTs-P-A-Nb has a good NNV-targeting ability in vitro and in vivo, improving the specific distribution of amantadine in NNV-infected sites under the guidance of NNV-Nb. SWCNTs-P-F-A-Nb can pass through the muscle and gill and be excreted by the kidney. SWCNTs-P-A-Nb can transport amantadine in a fast manner and prolong the action time, improving the anti-NNV activity of amantadine. Results so far have indicated that the nanobody-mediated NNV-targeting drug delivery platform is an effective method for VER therapy, providing new ideas and technologies for control of the CNS viral diseases. IMPORTANCE CNS viral diseases have resulted in many deadly epidemics throughout history and continue to pose one of the greatest threats to public health. Drug therapy remains challenging due to the complex structure and relative impermeability of the biological tissues and barriers. Therefore, development in the intelligent drug delivery platform is highly desired for CNS viral disease therapy. In the study, a nanobody-mediated virus-targeting drug delivery platform is constructed to explore the potential application of targeted therapy in CNS viral diseases. Our findings hold great promise for the application of targeted drug delivery in CNS viral disease therapy.
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Wang J, Cao H. Zebrafish and Medaka: Important Animal Models for Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10766. [PMID: 34639106 PMCID: PMC8509648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of human neurodegenerative disease have been investigated for several decades. In recent years, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have become popular in pathogenic and therapeutic studies about human neurodegenerative diseases due to their small size, the optical clarity of embryos, their fast development, and their suitability to large-scale therapeutic screening. Following the emergence of a new generation of molecular biological technologies such as reverse and forward genetics, morpholino, transgenesis, and gene knockout, many human neurodegenerative disease models, such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's, were constructed in zebrafish and medaka. These studies proved that zebrafish and medaka genes are functionally conserved in relation to their human homologues, so they exhibit similar neurodegenerative phenotypes to human beings. Therefore, fish are a suitable model for the investigation of pathologic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and for the large-scale screening of drugs for potential therapy. In this review, we summarize the studies in modelling human neurodegenerative diseases in zebrafish and medaka in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donghu South Road 7#, Wuhan 430072, China;
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donghu South Road 7#, Wuhan 430072, China;
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Borgonovo J, Ahumada-Galleguillos P, Oñate-Ponce A, Allende-Castro C, Henny P, Concha ML. Organization of the Catecholaminergic System in the Short-Lived Fish Nothobranchius furzeri. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:728720. [PMID: 34588961 PMCID: PMC8473916 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.728720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The catecholaminergic system has received much attention based on its regulatory role in a wide range of brain functions and its relevance in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the neuroanatomical distribution of catecholaminergic neurons based on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the brain of adult Nothobranchius furzeri. In the telencephalon, numerous TH+ neurons were observed in the olfactory bulbs and the ventral telencephalic area, arranged as strips extending through the rostrocaudal axis. We found the largest TH+ groups in the diencephalon at the preoptic region level, the ventral thalamus, the pretectal region, the posterior tuberculum, and the caudal hypothalamus. In the dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum, we identified a particular catecholaminergic group. The rostral rhombencephalon housed TH+ cells in the locus coeruleus and the medulla oblongata, distributing in a region dorsal to the inferior reticular formation, the vagal lobe, and the area postrema. Finally, scattered TH+ neurons were present in the ventral spinal cord and the retina. From a comparative perspective, the overall organization of catecholaminergic neurons is consistent with the general pattern reported for other teleosts. However, N. furzeri shows some particular features, including the presence of catecholaminergic cells in the midbrain. This work provides a detailed neuroanatomical map of the catecholaminergic system of N. furzeri, a powerful aging model, also contributing to the phylogenetic understanding of one of the most ancient neurochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Borgonovo
- Laboratory of Experimental Ontogeny, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Ahumada-Galleguillos
- Laboratory of Experimental Ontogeny, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Oñate-Ponce
- Laboratory of Experimental Ontogeny, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Allende-Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Ontogeny, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Henny
- Department of Anatomy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel L Concha
- Laboratory of Experimental Ontogeny, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
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Shadrina M, Slominsky P. Modeling Parkinson's Disease: Not Only Rodents? Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:695718. [PMID: 34421573 PMCID: PMC8377290 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common chronic progressive multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. In most cases, PD develops as a sporadic idiopathic disease. However, in 10%–15% of all patients, Mendelian inheritance of the disease is observed in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. To date, mutations in seven genes have been convincingly confirmed as causative in typical familial forms of PD, i.e., SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, PRKN, PINK1, GBA, and DJ-1. Family and genome-wide association studies have also identified a number of candidate disease genes and a common genetic variability at 90 loci has been linked to risk for PD. The analysis of the biological function of both proven and candidate genes made it possible to conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, impaired exosomal transport, and immunological processes can play important roles in the development of the pathological process of PD. The mechanisms of initiation of the pathological process and its earliest stages remain unclear. The study of the early stages of the disease (before the first motor symptoms appear) is extremely complicated by the long preclinical period. In addition, at present, the possibility of performing complex biochemical and molecular biological studies familial forms of PD is limited. However, in this case, the analysis of the state of the central nervous system can only be assessed by indirect signs, such as the level of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral blood, and other biological fluids. One of the potential solutions to this problem is the analysis of disease models, in which it is possible to conduct a detailed in-depth study of all aspects of the pathological process, starting from its earliest stages. Many modeling options are available currently. An analysis of studies published in the 2000s suggests that toxic models in rodents are used in the vast majority of cases. However, interesting and important data for understanding the pathogenesis of PD can be obtained from other in vivo models. Within the framework of this review, we will consider various models of PD that were created using various living organisms, from unicellular yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and invertebrate (Nematode and Drosophila) forms to various mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shadrina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Slominsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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Alvarenga MOP, Frazão DR, de Matos IG, Bittencourt LO, Fagundes NCF, Rösing CK, Maia LC, Lima RR. Is There Any Association Between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Periodontitis? A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:651437. [PMID: 34108875 PMCID: PMC8180549 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.651437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of progressive disorders that affect the central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis. Inflammation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of these injuries. Periodontitis is considered an inflammatory disease caused by oral biofilms around the tooth-supporting tissues, leading to a systemic and chronic inflammatory condition. Thus, this systematic review aimed to search for evidence in the association between neurodegenerative disorders and periodontitis. Methods: This systematic review was registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the code CRD 42016038327. The search strategy was performed in three electronic databases and one gray literature source-PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey, based on the PECO acronym: observational studies in humans (P) in which a neurodegenerative disease was present (E) or absent (C) to observe an association with periodontitis (O). The Fowkes and Fulton checklist was used to critically appraise the methodological quality and the risk of bias of individual studies. The quality of evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: From 534 articles found, 12 were included, of which eight were case-control, three were cross-sectional, and one was a cohort, giving a total of 3,460 participants. All the included studies reported an association between some neurodegenerative diseases and periodontitis and presented a low risk of bias. According to the GRADE approach, the level of evidence of probing pocket depth was considered very low due to the significant heterogeneity across the studies' upgrading imprecision and inconsistency. Conclusions: Although all the included studies in this review reported an association between neurodegenerative diseases and periodontitis, the level of evidence was classified to be very low, which suggests a cautious interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Olimpia Paz Alvarenga
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Isabella Gomes de Matos
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Mohamed NV, Larroquette F, Beitel LK, Fon EA, Durcan TM. One Step Into the Future: New iPSC Tools to Advance Research in Parkinson's Disease and Neurological Disorders. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 9:265-281. [PMID: 30741685 PMCID: PMC6597965 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studying Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the laboratory presents many challenges, the main one being the limited availability of human cells and tissue from affected individuals. As PD is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the brain, it is nearly impossible for researchers to access and extract these cells from living patients. Thus, in the past PD research has focused on the use of patients’ post-mortem tissues, animal models, or immortalized cell lines to dissect cellular pathways of interest. While these strategies deepened our knowledge of pathological mechanisms in PD, they failed to faithfully capture key mechanisms at play in the human brain. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is revolutionizing PD research, as it allows for the differentiation and growth of human DA neurons in vitro, holding immense potential not only for modelling PD, but also for identifying novel therapies. However, to reproduce the complexity of the brain’s environment, researchers are recognizing the need to further develop and refine iPSC-based tools. In this review, we provide an overview of different systems now available for the study of PD, with a particular emphasis on the potential and limitations of iPSC as research tools to generate more relevant models of PD pathophysiology and advance the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Vi Mohamed
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérique Larroquette
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cenci MA, Björklund A. Animal models for preclinical Parkinson's research: An update and critical appraisal. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:27-59. [PMID: 32247366 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are essential to investigate pathogenic pathways at the whole-organism level. Moreover, they are necessary for a preclinical investigation of potential new therapies. Different pathological features of PD can be induced in a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate species using toxins, drugs, or genetic perturbations. Each model has a particular utility and range of applicability. Invertebrate PD models are particularly useful for high throughput-screening applications, whereas mammalian models are needed to explore complex motor and non-motor features of the human disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and critical appraisal of the most commonly used mammalian models of PD, which are produced in rats and mice. A substantial loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons is necessary for the animal to exhibit a hypokinetic motor phenotype responsive to dopaminergic agents, thus resembling clinical PD. This level of dopaminergic neurodegeneration can be induced using specific neurotoxins, environmental toxicants, or proteasome inhibitors. Alternatively, nigrostriatal dopamine degeneration can be induced via overexpression of α-synuclein using viral vectors or transgenic techniques. In addition, protein aggregation pathology can be triggered by inoculating preformed fibrils of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra or the striatum. Thanks to the conceptual and technical progress made in the past few years a vast repertoire of well-characterized animal models are currently available to address different aspects of PD in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anders Björklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zeiss CJ, Shin D, Vander Wyk B, Beck AP, Zatz N, Sneiderman CA, Kilicoglu H. Menagerie: A text-mining tool to support animal-human translation in neurodegeneration research. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226176. [PMID: 31846471 PMCID: PMC6917268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery studies in animals constitute a cornerstone of biomedical research, but suffer from lack of generalizability to human populations. We propose that large-scale interrogation of these data could reveal patterns of animal use that could narrow the translational divide. We describe a text-mining approach that extracts translationally useful data from PubMed abstracts. These comprise six modules: species, model, genes, interventions/disease modifiers, overall outcome and functional outcome measures. Existing National Library of Medicine natural language processing tools (SemRep, GNormPlus and the Chemical annotator) underpin the program and are further augmented by various rules, term lists, and machine learning models. Evaluation of the program using a 98-abstract test set achieved F1 scores ranging from 0.75-0.95 across all modules, and exceeded F1 scores obtained from comparable baseline programs. Next, the program was applied to a larger 14,481 abstract data set (2008-2017). Expected and previously identified patterns of species and model use for the field were obtained. As previously noted, the majority of studies reported promising outcomes. Longitudinal patterns of intervention type or gene mentions were demonstrated, and patterns of animal model use characteristic of the Parkinson's disease field were confirmed. The primary function of the program is to overcome low external validity of animal model systems by aggregating evidence across a diversity of models that capture different aspects of a multifaceted cellular process. Some aspects of the tool are generalizable, whereas others are field-specific. In the initial version presented here, we demonstrate proof of concept within a single disease area, Parkinson's disease. However, the program can be expanded in modular fashion to support a wider range of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dongwook Shin
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amanda P. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Natalie Zatz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Sneiderman
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Halil Kilicoglu
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Farfel-Becker T, Do J, Tayebi N, Sidransky E. Can GBA1-Associated Parkinson Disease Be Modeled in the Mouse? Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:631-643. [PMID: 31288942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous and heterozygous mutations in GBA1, the gene implicated in Gaucher disease, increase the risk and severity of Parkinson disease (PD). We evaluated the design, phenotype, strengths, and limitations of current GBA1-associated PD mouse models. Although faithful modeling of a genetic risk factor poses many challenges, the different approaches taken were successful in revealing predisposing abnormalities in heterozygotes for GBA1 mutations and demonstrating the deleterious effects of GBA1 impairment on the PD course in PD models. GBA1-PD models differ in key parameters, with no single model recapitulating all aspects of the GBA1-PD puzzle, emphasizing the importance of selecting the proper in vivo model depending on the specific molecular mechanism or potential therapy being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Farfel-Becker
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
| | - Jenny Do
- Section of Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Section of Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section of Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA.
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13
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Capriello T, Grimaldi MC, Cofone R, D'Aniello S, Ferrandino I. Effects of aluminium and cadmium on hatching and swimming ability in developing zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:243-249. [PMID: 30708158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium and cadmium are biologically non-essential metals with a role in neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. As an attractive model for neurobehavioural studies, zebrafish at 6 h post fertilization were exposed to 9, 18, 36 and 72 μM CdCl2 and 50, 100 and 200 μM AlCl3, respectively, for 72 h, and motility such as distance moved, mean velocity, cumulative movement, meander and heading were measured by DanioVision equipment. The hatching time was also analysed. A delay in the exit from the chorion was observed in all treated larvae with respect to the controls. CdCl2 acted on the exit from the chorion of larvae with a dose-dependent delay. By contrast, the delay caused by AlCl3 was greater at low concentrations. A dose-dependent reduction in swimming performance was observed in the larvae exposed to CdCl2. Instead, for those exposed to AlCl3, swimming performance improved at higher concentrations although values were in general lower than those of control. All the parameters had a similar trend except the meander parameter which showed a dose-dependent reduction. These data show that cadmium and aluminium can delay hatching and alter swimming ability in the early developmental stages of zebrafish, albeit with different effects, suggesting that exposure to sublethal concentrations of both metals can change behavioural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Rita Cofone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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14
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Quiñonez-Silvero C, Hübner K, Herzog W. Development of the brain vasculature and the blood-brain barrier in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2019; 457:181-190. [PMID: 30862465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To ensure tissue homeostasis the brain needs to be protected from blood-derived fluctuations or pathogens that could affect its function. Therefore, the brain capillaries develop tissue-specific properties to form a selective blood-brain barrier (BBB), allowing the passage of essential molecules to the brain and blocking the penetration of potentially harmful compounds or cells. Previous studies reported the presence of this barrier in zebrafish. The intrinsic features of the zebrafish embryos and larvae in combination with optical techniques, make them suitable for the study of barrier establishment and maturation. In this review, we discuss the most recent contributions to the development and formation of a functional zebrafish BBB. Moreover, we compare the molecular and cellular characteristic of the zebrafish and the mammalian BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Quiñonez-Silvero
- University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Kathleen Hübner
- University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Wiebke Herzog
- University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany.
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15
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Norton WHJ, Manceau L, Reichmann F. The Visually Mediated Social Preference Test: A Novel Technique to Measure Social Behavior and Behavioral Disturbances in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:121-132. [PMID: 31273697 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an emerging model in behavioral neuroscience. They display a wide range of measurable behaviors such as locomotion, aggression, anxiety, learning and memory, and social behavior. In addition, the relative ease of genetic manipulation and the increasing availability of disease models mean that zebrafish have gained in popularity as an animal model for various neurological and psychiatric diseases including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In order to better characterize social behavior and behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish, we have developed the visually mediated social preference (VMSP) test, a novel assay to measure social preference and social novelty in two consecutive 5-min sessions. Using recording and video tracking, the time spent in different areas of the tank, the time spent immobile, swimming speed, and distance moved can be easily measured and analyzed. Untreated experimentally naive AB WT zebrafish typically show a strong preference for spending time near and interacting with a compartment containing unfamiliar conspecifics over the empty compartments during session 1 and a stronger preference for a group of unfamiliar zebrafish over familiar conspecifics from session 1, during session 2 of the test. Research in our lab has shown that the VMSP is suitable to measure the social behavior of individual zebrafish, to uncover social phenotypes of mutant strains, and to better understand animal models of disease that include impaired sociability such as ASD. The current paper provides a step-by-step guide on how to implement and perform this test and highlights important considerations for data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H J Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Line Manceau
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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16
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Vitorino M, Cunha N, Conceição N, Cancela ML. Expression pattern of cdkl5 during zebrafish early development: implications for use as model for atypical Rett syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:445-451. [PMID: 29752575 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atypical Rett syndrome is a child neurodevelopmental disorder induced by mutations in CDKL5 gene and characterized by a progressive regression in development with loss of purposeful use of the hands, slowed brain and head growth, problems with walking, seizures, and intellectual disability. At the moment, there is no cure for this pathology and little information is available concerning animal models capable of mimicking its phenotypes, thus the development of additional animal models should be of interest to gain more knowledge about the disease. Zebrafish has been used successfully as model organism for many human genetic diseases; however, no information is available concerning the spatial and temporal expression of cdkl5 orthologous in this organism. In the present study, we identified the developmental expression patterns of cdkl5 in zebrafish by quantitative PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization. cdkl5 is expressed maternally at low levels during the first 24 h of development. After that the expression of the gene increases significantly and it starts to be expressed mainly in the nervous system and in several brain structures, such as telencephalon, mesencephalon and diencephalon. The expression patterns of cdkl5 in zebrafish is in accordance with the tissues known to be affected in humans and associated to symptoms and deficits observed in Rett syndrome patients thus providing the first evidence that zebrafish could be an alternative model to study the molecular pathways of this disease as well as to test possible therapeutic approaches capable of rescuing the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vitorino
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Nídia Cunha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Natércia Conceição
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Edificio 2. Ala Norte, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Edificio 2. Ala Norte, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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Trigo-Damas I, del Rey NLG, Blesa J. Novel models for Parkinson’s disease and their impact on future drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:229-239. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1428556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. It is known that there are many factors, either genetic or environmental factors, involved in PD, but the mechanism of PD is still not fully understood. Several animal models have been established to study the mechanisms of PD. Among these models, Drosophila melanogaster has been utilized as a valuable model to get insight into important features of PD. Drosophila melanogaster possesses a well-developed dopaminergic (DA) neuron system which is known to play an important role in PD pathogenesis. The well understanding of DA neurons from early larval through adult stage makes Drosophila as a powerful model for investigating the progressive neurodegeneration in PD. Besides, the short life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster serves an advantage in studying epidemiological features of PD. Most of PD symptoms can be mimicked in Drosophila model such as progressive impairment in locomotion, DA neuron degeneration, and some other non-motor symptoms. The Drosophila models of PD, therefore, show a great potential in application for PD genetic and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuu My Dung
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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