1
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Zald DH. The influence of dopamine autoreceptors on temperament and addiction risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105456. [PMID: 37926241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major regulator of dopamine (DA), DA autoreceptors (DAARs) exert substantial influence over DA-mediated behaviors. This paper reviews the physiological and behavioral impact of DAARs. Individual differences in DAAR functioning influences temperamental traits such as novelty responsivity and impulsivity, both of which are associated with vulnerability to addictive behavior in animal models and a broad array of externalizing behaviors in humans. DAARs additionally impact the response to psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse. Human PET studies of D2-like receptors in the midbrain provide evidence for parallels to the animal literature. These data lead to the proposal that weak DAAR regulation is a risk factor for addiction and externalizing problems. The review highlights the potential to build translational models of the functional role of DAARs in behavior. It also draws attention to key limitations in the current literature that would need to be addressed to further advance a weak DAAR regulation model of addiction and externalizing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Zald
- Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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2
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Santos-Toscano R, Arevalo MA, Garcia-Segura LM, Grassi D, Lagunas N. Interaction of gonadal hormones, dopaminergic system, and epigenetic regulation in the generation of sex differences in substance use disorders: A systematic review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 71:101085. [PMID: 37543184 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic condition characterized by pathological drug-taking and seeking behaviors. Remarkably different between males and females, suggesting that drug addiction is a sexually differentiated disorder. The neurobiological bases of sex differences in SUD include sex-specific reward system activation, influenced by interactions between gonadal hormone level changes, dopaminergic reward circuits, and epigenetic modifications of key reward system genes. This systematic review, adhering to PICOS and PRISMA-P 2015 guidelines, highlights the sex-dependent roles of estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone in SUD. In particular, estradiol elevates and progesterone reduces dopaminergic activity in SUD females, whilst testosterone and progesterone augment SUD behavior in males. Finally, SUD is associated with a sex-specific increase in the rate of opioid and monoaminergic gene methylation. The study reveals the need for detailed research on gonadal hormone levels, dopaminergic or reward system activity, and epigenetic landscapes in both sexes for efficient SUD therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos-Toscano
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, 135A Adelphi St, Preston PR1 7BH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Angeles Arevalo
- Neuroactive Steroids Lab, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Neuroactive Steroids Lab, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Neuroactive Steroids Lab, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Autonoma University of Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Lagunas
- Neuroactive Steroids Lab, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hongyao HE, Chun JI, Xiaoyan G, Fangfang L, Jing Z, Lin Z, Pengxiang Z, Zengchun L. Associative gene networks reveal novel candidates important for ADHD and dyslexia comorbidity. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:208. [PMID: 37667328 PMCID: PMC10478365 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with developmental dyslexia (DD), which are both prevalent and complicated pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders that have a significant influence on children's learning and development. Clinically, the comorbidity incidence of DD and ADHD is between 25 and 48%. Children with DD and ADHD may have more severe cognitive deficiencies, a poorer level of schooling, and a higher risk of social and emotional management disorders. Furthermore, patients with this comorbidity are frequently treated for a single condition in clinical settings, and the therapeutic outcome is poor. The development of effective treatment approaches against these diseases is complicated by their comorbidity features. This is often a major problem in diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we developed bioinformatical methodology for the analysis of the comorbidity of these two diseases. As such, the search for candidate genes related to the comorbid conditions of ADHD and DD can help in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the comorbid condition, and can also be useful for genotyping and identifying new drug targets. RESULTS Using the ANDSystem tool, the reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with ADHD and dyslexia was carried out. The gene network of ADHD included 599 genes/proteins and 148,978 interactions, while that of dyslexia included 167 genes/proteins and 27,083 interactions. When the ANDSystem and GeneCards data were combined, a total of 213 genes/proteins for ADHD and dyslexia were found. An approach for ranking genes implicated in the comorbid condition of the two diseases was proposed. The approach is based on ten criteria for ranking genes by their importance, including relevance scores of association between disease and genes, standard methods of gene prioritization, as well as original criteria that take into account the characteristics of an associative gene network and the presence of known polymorphisms in the analyzed genes. Among the top 20 genes with the highest priority DRD2, DRD4, CNTNAP2 and GRIN2B are mentioned in the literature as directly linked with the comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia. According to the proposed approach, the genes OPRM1, CHRNA4 and SNCA had the highest priority in the development of comorbidity of these two diseases. Additionally, it was revealed that the most relevant genes are involved in biological processes related to signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, chemical synaptic transmission, response to drugs, ion transmembrane transport, nervous system development, cell adhesion, and neuron migration. CONCLUSIONS The application of methods of reconstruction and analysis of gene networks is a powerful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of comorbid conditions. The method put forth to rank genes by their importance for the comorbid condition of ADHD and dyslexia was employed to predict genes that play key roles in the development of the comorbid condition. The results can be utilized to plan experiments for the identification of novel candidate genes and search for novel pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Hongyao
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - J I Chun
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Gao Xiaoyan
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Liu Fangfang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhang Jing
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zuo Pengxiang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Li Zengchun
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
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Blum K, Dennen CA, Braverman ER, Gupta A, Baron D, Downs BW, Bagchi D, Thanos P, Pollock M, Khalsa J, Elman I, Bowirrat A, Badgaiyan RA. Hypothesizing That Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Associated Streptococcal (PANDAS) Causes Rapid Onset of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Behaviors and May Require Induction of "Dopamine Homeostasis". OPEN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 12:65-75. [PMID: 36407790 PMCID: PMC9670240 DOI: 10.4236/oji.2022.123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a concept that is used to characterize a subset of children with neuropsychiatric symptoms, tic disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), whose symptoms are exacerbated by group A streptococcal (GAS) infection. PANDAS has been known to cause a sudden onset of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS). RDS includes multiple disorders that are characterized by dopaminergic signaling dysfunction in the brain reward cascade (BRC), which may result in addiction, depression, avoidant behaviors, anxiety, tic disorders, and/or OCD. According to research by Blum et al., the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene polymorphisms are important prevalent genetic determinants of RDS. The literature demonstrates that infections like Borrelia and Lyme, as well as other infections like group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS), can cause an autoimmune reaction and associated antibodies target dopaminergic loci in the mesolimbic region of the brain, which interferes with brain function and potentially causes RDS-like symptoms/behaviors. The treatment of PANDAS remains controversial, especially since there have been limited efficacy studies to date. We propose an innovative potential treatment for PANDAS based on previous clinical trials using a pro-dopamine regulator known as KB220 variants. Our ongoing research suggests that achieving "dopamine homeostasis" by precision-guided DNA testing and pro-dopamine modulation could result in improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Center for Mental Health and Sports, Psychiatry, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, USA
- Department Psychiatry, Boonshoff School of Medicine, Wright University, Dayton, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International Inc., Bonita Springs, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Catherine A. Dennen
- Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - David Baron
- Center for Mental Health and Sports, Psychiatry, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Bernard William Downs
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International Inc., Bonita Springs, USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International Inc., Bonita Springs, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, USA
| | - Panayotis Thanos
- Department of Psychology & Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Maureen Pollock
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, USA
| | - Jag Khalsa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Igor Elman
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Rajendra A. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
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White O, Roeder N, Blum K, Eiden RD, Thanos PK. Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159477. [PMID: 35954830 PMCID: PMC9368674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine usage by mothers throughout pregnancy has been observed to relate to numerous deleterious effects in children, especially relating to obesity. Children who have prenatally been exposed to nicotine tend to have lower birth weights, with an elevated risk of becoming overweight throughout development and into their adolescent and adult life. There are numerous theories as to how this occurs: catch-up growth theory, thrifty phenotype theory, neurotransmitter or endocrine imbalances theory, and a more recent examination on the genetic factors relating to obesity risk. In addition to the negative effect on bodyweight and BMI, individuals with obesity may also suffer from numerous comorbidities involving metabolic disease. These may include type 1 and 2 diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and liver disease. Predisposition for obesity with nicotine usage may also be associated with genetic risk alleles for obesity, such as the DRD2 A1 variant. This is important for prenatally nicotine-exposed individuals as an opportunity to provide early prevention and intervention of obesity-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia White
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (O.W.); (N.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (O.W.); (N.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Rina D. Eiden
- Department of Psychology, Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (O.W.); (N.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(716)-881-7520
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Huggett SB, Ikeda AS, McGeary JE, Kaun KR, Palmer RHC. Opioid Use Disorder and Alternative mRNA Splicing in Reward Circuitry. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061045. [PMID: 35741807 PMCID: PMC9222793 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opiate/opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder that has increased in prevalence in the last two decades in the United States. Understanding the molecular correlates of OUD may provide key insights into the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Using publicly available RNA-sequencing data, our study investigated the possible role of alternative mRNA splicing in human brain tissue (dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and midbrain) of 90 individuals with OUD or matched controls. We found a total of 788 differentially spliced genes across brain regions. Alternative mRNA splicing demonstrated mostly tissue-specific effects, but a functionally characterized splicing change in the clathrin and AP-2-binding (CLAP) domain of the Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) gene was significantly linked to OUD across all brain regions. We investigated two hypotheses that may underlie differential splicing in OUD. First, we tested whether spliceosome genes were disrupted in the brains of individuals with OUD. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated spliceosome perturbations in OUD across brain regions. Second, we tested whether alternative mRNA splicing regions were linked to genetic predisposition. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of OUD, we found no evidence that DNA variants within or surrounding differentially spliced genes were implicated in the heritability of OUD. Altogether, our study contributes to the understanding of OUD pathophysiology by providing evidence of a possible role of alternative mRNA splicing in OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B. Huggett
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Ami S. Ikeda
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA;
| | - Karla R. Kaun
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Rohan H. C. Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(404)-727-7340; Fax: +1-(404)-727-0372
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7
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Zapała B, Stefura T, Piwowar M, Czekalska S, Zawada M, Hadasik M, Solnica B, Rudzińska-Bar M. The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Monoamine Oxidase B, Dopamine D2 Receptor, and DOPA Decarboxylase Receptors Among Patients Treated for Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:812-819. [PMID: 35044623 PMCID: PMC8986734 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between selected variants of genes related to dopamine metabolism pathways and the risk of and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This prospective cohort study was conducted in one academic teaching hospital. The study was conducted on 126 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Blood samples were collected to conduct a genotyping of MAOB, DRD1, DRD2, and DDC genes. Genotype and allele frequencies of MAOB (rs1799836) variants were not associated with the course of PD. Genotype and allele frequencies of DRD2 (rs2283265) variants were associated with risk of dementia (p = 0.001) and resulted in parts II and III of the UPDRS scale (p = 0.001). Genotype and allele frequencies of DRD2 (rs1076560) variants were associated with risk of dementia (p = 0.001) and resulted in parts II and III of the UPDRS scale (p = 0.001). Genotype and allele frequencies of DDC (rs921451) variants were not associated with the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zapała
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Monika Piwowar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Czekalska
- Department of Hematology Diagnostics and Genetics, The University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zawada
- Department of Hematology Diagnostics and Genetics, The University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Hadasik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Baker BM, Mokashi SS, Shankar V, Hatfield JS, Hannah RC, Mackay TFC, Anholt RRH. The Drosophila brain on cocaine at single-cell resolution. Genome Res 2021; 31:1927-1937. [PMID: 34035044 DOI: 10.1101/gr.268037.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the neurological effects of cocaine have been well documented, effects of acute cocaine consumption on genome-wide gene expression across the brain remain largely unexplored. This question cannot be readily addressed in humans but can be approached using the Drosophila melanogaster model, where gene expression in the entire brain can be surveyed at once. Flies exposed to cocaine show impaired locomotor activity, including climbing behavior and startle response (a measure of sensorimotor integration), and increased incidence of seizures and compulsive grooming. To identify specific cell populations that respond to acute cocaine exposure, we analyzed single-cell transcriptional responses in duplicate samples of flies that consumed fixed amounts of sucrose or sucrose supplemented with cocaine, in both sexes. Unsupervised clustering of the transcriptional profiles of a total of 86,224 cells yielded 36 distinct clusters. Annotation of clusters based on gene markers revealed that all major cell types (neuronal and glial) as well as neurotransmitter types from most brain regions were represented. The brain transcriptional responses to cocaine showed profound sexual dimorphism and were considerably more pronounced in males than females. Differential expression analysis within individual clusters indicated cluster-specific responses to cocaine. Clusters corresponding to Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies and glia showed especially large transcriptional responses following cocaine exposure. Cluster specific coexpression networks and global interaction networks revealed a diverse array of cellular processes affected by acute cocaine exposure. These results provide an atlas of sexually dimorphic cocaine-modulated gene expression in a model brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Baker
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
| | - Sneha S Mokashi
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hatfield
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
| | - Rachel C Hannah
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
| | - Robert R H Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, South Carolina 29646, USA
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Eslami Rasekh M, Hernández Y, Drinan SD, Fuxman Bass J, Benson G. Genome-wide characterization of human minisatellite VNTRs: population-specific alleles and gene expression differences. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4308-4324. [PMID: 33849068 PMCID: PMC8096271 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are tandem repeat (TR) loci that vary in copy number across a population. Using our program, VNTRseek, we analyzed human whole genome sequencing datasets from 2770 individuals in order to detect minisatellite VNTRs, i.e., those with pattern sizes ≥7 bp. We detected 35 638 VNTR loci and classified 5676 as commonly polymorphic (i.e. with non-reference alleles occurring in >5% of the population). Commonly polymorphic VNTR loci were found to be enriched in genomic regions with regulatory function, i.e. transcription start sites and enhancers. Investigation of the commonly polymorphic VNTRs in the context of population ancestry revealed that 1096 loci contained population-specific alleles and that those could be used to classify individuals into super-populations with near-perfect accuracy. Search for quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), among the VNTRs proximal to genes, indicated that in 187 genes expression differences correlated with VNTR genotype. We validated our predictions in several ways, including experimentally, through the identification of predicted alleles in long reads, and by comparisons showing consistency between sequencing platforms. This study is the most comprehensive analysis of minisatellite VNTRs in the human population to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yözen Hernández
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Juan I Fuxman Bass
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gary Benson
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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10
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Kaminskaite M, Jokubka R, Janaviciute J, Lelyte I, Sinkariova L, Pranckeviciene A, Borutaite V, Bunevicius A. Epistatic effect of Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 - Dopamine receptor D2 and catechol-o-methyltransferase single nucleotide polymorphisms on the risk for hazardous use of alcohol in Lithuanian population. Gene 2020; 765:145107. [PMID: 32889058 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Lithuanian population has outstanding rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol related mortality. Alteration of brain dopaminergic system play a role in the risk for addiction disorders. We evaluated the association of one single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800497 in the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 - Dopamine Receptor D2 complex (ANKK1-DRD2) and a catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 single nucleotide polymorphism with the risk for alcohol use disorder and impulsiveness in Lithuanian population. Both genetic polymorphisms are known to alter brain dopaminergic activity, thus we also investigated the possible interaction effect of these polymorphisms. METHODS The study included 329 participants recruited from the local community. Hazardous alcohol use was evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale - 11 (BIS-11). Between group differences of AUDIT and BIS-11 scores were examined stratified by genetic polymorphisms and their combinations. The independent effect of each polymorphism and their interaction for hazardous alcohol use were evaluated using adjusted logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism was associated with total AUDIT score, but not with the hazardous use of alcohol, as indicated by the AUDIT test cut-off of 8. The COMT rs4680 GG genotype was associated with the hazardous use of alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.094, p = 0.029), but this association was not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Presence of both COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 GGxCT/TT polymorphisms was associated with significantly increased risk for hazardous use of alcohol (adjusted OR = 5.016, p = 0.005). The COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 genetic polymorphisms, and their combination were not associated with impulsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the interaction of COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 genetic polymorphisms is associated with a hazardous use of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migle Kaminskaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ramunas Jokubka
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Inesa Lelyte
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liuda Sinkariova
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Pranckeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adomas Bunevicius
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Expression of Dopamine-Related Genes in Four Human Brain Regions. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080567. [PMID: 32824878 PMCID: PMC7465182 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of dopaminergic gene expression will inform future treatment options for many different neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Here, we utilized the National Institutes of Health’s Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx) dataset to investigate genotype by expression associations in seven dopamine pathway genes (ANKK1, DBH, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD5, and SLC6A3) in and across four human brain tissues (prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, and hippocampus). We found that age alters expression of DRD1 in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, DRD3 in the nucleus accumbens, and DRD5 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Sex was associated with expression of DRD5 in substantia nigra and hippocampus, and SLC6A3 in substantia nigra. We found that three linkage disequilibrium blocks of SNPs, all located in DRD2, were associated with alterations in expression across all four tissues. These demographic characteristic associations and these variants should be further investigated for use in screening, diagnosis, and future treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
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