1
|
Das T, Nath BK, Hume S, Gowland DJ, Crawley LS, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Novel pathogenic adenovirus in Timneh grey parrot (Psittacus timneh) unveils distinct lineage within Aviadenovirus. Virology 2024; 598:110173. [PMID: 39018684 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Wild birds harbour a vast diversity of adenoviruses that remain uncharacterised with respect to their genome organisation and evolutionary relatedness within complex host ecosystems. Here, we characterise a novel adenovirus type within Aviadenovirus genus associated with severe necrotising hepatitis in a captive Timneh grey parrot, tentatively named as Timneh grey parrot adenovirus 1 (TpAdV-1). The TpAdV-1 genome is 39,867 bp and encodes 46 putative genes with seven hitherto not described ones. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses revealed highest nucleotide identity with psittacine adenovirus 1 and psittacine adenovirus 4 that formed a discrete monophyletic clade within Aviadenovirus lineage suggesting a deep host co-divergent lineage within Psittaciformes hosts. Several recombination breakpoints were identified within the TpAdV-1 genome, which highlighted an ancient evolutionary relationship across the genera Aviadenovirus, Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus. This study hints towards a host-adapted sub-lineage of avian adenovirus capable of having significant host virulence in Psittaciformes birds augmented with ecological opportunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia.
| | - Babu K Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Sandy Hume
- National Threatened Species Institute, Australia
| | | | - Lisa S Crawley
- Priam Psittaculture Centre, Bungendore, NSW-2621, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bayraktar E, Aydin O, Tali HE, Yilmaz SG, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Bamac OE, Ozturk A, Erdem A, Kelleci M, Sadeyen JR, Chang P, Yilmaz H, Iqbal M. Molecular characterisation of fowl adenovirus associated with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in broiler and layer breeders in Azerbaijan. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:244. [PMID: 38849870 PMCID: PMC11157802 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fowl adenovirus-4 is a causative agent of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in chickens and has been frequently reported from many countries. Fowl adenoviruses cause severe disease and mortality in broiler and layer breeders in Azerbaijan. Therefore, in this study, pathological lesions and the dissemination of fowl adenovirus-4 into the visceral organs of infected birds were investigated as well as molecular characterisation of detected strains. For this, liver, heart and spleen from 20 necropsied chickens originated from a broiler breeder flock and a layer breeder flock were embeded on the FTA cards and the samples were analysed for adenovirus-DNA by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS The findings of necropsy in both broiler and layer breeder chickens were similar, and the liver was severely effected showing hepatitis, and the heart with hydropericardium lesions. The kidneys were swollen with haemorrhages and small white foci on the surface of the spleens were noted. Intestinal congestion and ecchymotic hemorrhages were also observed in some birds. Fowl adenovirus-4-DNA was detected by PCR in all collected organs of 20 birds. The sequence analysis revealed that fowl adenovirus-4 present in Azerbaijan and close similarity of the hexon genes of the adenoviruses existing in the Middle East, North America, far east and Indian subcontinent were determined by phylogenetic analysis. However, sequence diversity was detected from the adenovirus strains circulating in Europe, North and South America. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the impact of fowl adenovirus-4 on the poultry health and production, and improved disease control and prevention strategies are necessary to reduce the HHS disease in chickens in Azerbaijan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Emre Tali
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Semaha Gul Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Erdogan Bamac
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Akay Ozturk
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Division, Maslak, Türkiye
| | - Altug Erdem
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Division, Maslak, Türkiye
| | - Metin Kelleci
- Kartallar Veterinary Consultancy Company, Bursa, Türkiye
| | | | - Pengxiang Chang
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty, Hadimkoy, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HS, Kim SH, Song HS, Kwon YK, Park CK, Kim HR. Application of metagenomics for diagnosis of broilers displaying neurological symptoms. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:190. [PMID: 37798783 PMCID: PMC10552438 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thirty-two-day-old broiler chickens at a farm located in northwestern South Korea displayed adverse neurological symptoms including limping, lying down, and head shaking. Approximately 2.1% of chickens died or were culled due to severe symptoms. Five carcasses were submitted to the Avian Disease Division of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) for disease diagnosis. RESULTS Broilers displayed severe pericarditis and perihepatitis associated with gross lesions. Broilers also displayed microscopic lesions in the cerebrum and in the granular layer of the cerebellum, which were associated with multifocal perivascular cuffing and purulent necrosis in the cerebrum, and severe meningitis with heterophil and lymphocyte infiltration. Staphylococcus spp. were identified in the liver and heart using bacteriological culture. PCR/RT-PCR assays revealed that broilers were negative for avian Clostridium botulinum, Newcastle disease virus, and avian encephalomyelitis virus. Bacterial and viral metagenomic analysis of brain sample further revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp. and Marek's disease virus, which are known etiological agents of chicken meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a diagnostic analysis of gross and histopathological lesions from 32-day-old broilers displaying unique neurological symptoms that revealed the presence of the several neurological diseases including meningoencephalitis. The causative agents associated with meningoencephalitis of broilers that had not been identified by routine diagnostic methods could be diagnosed by metagenomics, which proves the usefulness of metagenomics as a diagnostic tool for unknown neurological diseases in broilers.
Collapse
Grants
- M-1543084-2023-25-01 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Republic of Korea.
- M-1543084-2023-25-01 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Republic of Korea.
- M-1543084-2023-25-01 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Republic of Korea.
- M-1543084-2023-25-01 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Republic of Korea.
- M-1543084-2023-25-01 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Republic of Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Su Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, 39660 Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Si-Hyeon Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, 39660 Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Hye-Soon Song
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, 39660 Korea
| | - Yong-Kuk Kwon
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, 39660 Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, 39660 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
First Evidence of Fowl Adenovirus Induced Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Chicken in Bangladesh. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:7253433. [PMID: 36636334 PMCID: PMC9831704 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7253433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The livestock sector contributes 1.90% to the GDP in Bangladesh during 2021-22. Poultry is one of the important subsectors struggling with diseases. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause numerous diseases resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Several FAdV serotypes cause inclusion body hepatitis in chicken. Although FAdV infection was suspected, there was no confirmatory report from Bangladesh. The study was conducted to investigate the FAdV infection and antibodies in chicken. Methods A total of 50 samples, each composed of liver and spleen, were collected from different chickens of Gazipur, Dinajpur, and Panchagarh district. Each location belongs to A, B, and C poultry zones of Bangladesh, respectively. Viruses were detected by real-time PCR and conventional PCR. Blood samples (n = 303) were collected at the beginning and after the recovery from infection and tested by indirect ELISA. Sequencing of PCR products was done for serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Results Clinical signs were observed including anorexia, drowsiness, ruffled feathers, reduced body weight, lack of uniformity, and high mortality (15-25%). Enlarged friable liver with yellow to tan color mottled with the focal soft area, fluid in pericardial sac, swollen and hemorrhagic kidneys, enlarged congested spleen and pancreas, etc. were found on postmortem examination. FAdVs were detected in 90% of the flocks except commercial layer flock from Dinajpur. Three serotypes, namely, 8b (70%), 11 (10%), and 5 (10%) were detected. Anti-FAdV antibody was detected in 80% flocks at the beginning of infection and in 90% of the flocks after recovery from infection. The antibody titer increases significantly (p < 0.05) after recovery from infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladeshi FAdVs have close identity with viruses from Asia, Europe, and South and North America. Conclusions These findings suggested that several introductions of FAdVs were taken place in Bangladesh. To combat the disease, vaccination along with maintenance of biosecurity is essential.
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S, Zhao R, Yang Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wei Y, Pang Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Gu Y, Liao M, Sun H. Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of current fowl adenoviruses in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105366. [PMID: 36115642 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) continue to outbreak and cause huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China. The homologous recombination accounts for the diversity serotypes of adenovirus. However, the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs remain unclear. Herein, the prevalence, phylogenetic feature and pathogenicity of FAdVs in China in 2019 were characterized. Our findings showed that multiple species and serotypes of FAdVs currently circulate in China, including A, C, D and E species, and 1, 2, 4, 8a and 8b serotypes. Notably, the recombination occurred between FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b, and the recombination regions included Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 and ORF20. All five FAdVs replicated effectively in various chicken tissues, and viral shedding peaked at 4-8 dpi. Except CH/GDSZ/1905(FAdV-1/A), the remaining FAdVs caused obvious inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, of which CH/JSXZ/1905(FAdV-4/C) caused hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) with a mortality rate of 62.5%. Taken together, our findings illustrate the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs in China and strengthen surveillance and further pathogenicity studies of FAdVs are extremely urgent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Qingzhou Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Meihua Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Jinhuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Zifeng Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yongxia Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zadravec M, Račnik J, Slavec B, Ballmann MZ, Kaján GL, Doszpoly A, Zorman-Rojs O, Marhold C, Harrach B. Novel adenoviruses from captive psittacine birds in Slovenia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Safwat MM, Sayed ASR, Ali Elsayed MF, Ibrahim AAEH. Genotyping and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus isolated from broiler chickens in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:325. [PMID: 36042468 PMCID: PMC9425993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past 10 years, inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks, essentially from commercial broiler flocks, have been detected in different geographic regions highlighting the wide distribution of FAdVs around the world resulting in serious economic losses due to increased mortalities as well as poor performance within poultry farms in Assiut province, Egypt. Thus, this study was achieved to detect fowl adenovirus in broiler chicken flocks in Assiut province, Egypt and to recognize the pathogenicity of the isolated virus. Results The phylogeny of the L1 loop of the hexon gene exposed that the isolated virus clustered and belonged to the reference strains serotype D FAdV. The isolated virus is closely related to inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) strains causing extensive economic losses. The pathogenicity study of the virus showed typical macroscopic lesions with 6% mortality; furthermore, histopathological inspection exhibited severe hepatitis and degenerative changes after 5d from infection in the immune system. Conclusion Results in this research support the primary pathogenicity and mortality caused by FADV serotype 2 (IBH) alone without immunosuppressive agents thus robust control measures should be implanted against FAdV to evade the serious economic losses in poultry farms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03422-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Safwat
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Al Shimaa R Sayed
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Lab, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali Elsayed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Awad Abd El Hafez Ibrahim
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adel A, Mohamed AAE, Samir M, Hagag NM, Erfan A, Said M, Arafa AES, Hassan WMM, El Zowalaty ME, Shahien MA. Epidemiological and molecular analysis of circulating fowl adenoviruses and emerging of serotypes 1, 3, and 8b in Egypt. Heliyon 2022; 7:e08366. [PMID: 34977398 PMCID: PMC8683735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are a large group of viruses of different serotypes. They are responsible for inclusion body hepatitis, adenoviral gizzard erosion, and hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome. The present study presents a comprehensive overview of FAdVs in Egypt, with a focus on the epidemiological features of virus serotypes across the country. We conducted molecular investigation of multiple FAdV species based on the genetic signature of hypervariable regions 1–4 in the loop1 (L1) region of the hexon gene. Epidemiologically, the Nile Delta governorates showed high positivity of FAdVs, which were more commonly found in broilers than in layers. Genetically, species D and serotype 8a/E dominated, and the findings also revealed the emergence of new FAdV serotypes 1, 3, and 8b. The comparative analysis of hypervariable regions in the L1 region of the hexon gene revealed variables specific to each virus serotype. In silico predictions of L1 region revealed variations in the molecular structure and predicted the antigenic epitopes which may affect the cross-antigenicity between the different FAdV species and serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Elhalem Mohamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hagag
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Erfan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abd El Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 75 123, Sweden
| | - Momtaz A Shahien
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A 10-Year Retrospective Study of Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Meat-Type Chickens in Spain (2011-2021). Viruses 2021; 13:v13112170. [PMID: 34834976 PMCID: PMC8617850 DOI: 10.3390/v13112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A surge in fowl adenovirus (FAdV) causing inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks has occurred in several countries in the last two decades. In Spain, a sharp increase in case numbers in broilers and broiler breeder pullets arose since 2011, which prompted the vaccination of breeders in some regions. Our retrospective study of IBH cases in Spain from 2011 to 2021 revealed that most cases were reported in broilers (92.21%) and were caused by serotypes FAdV-8b and -11, while cases in broiler breeder pullets were caused by serotypes FAdV-2, -11, and -8b. Vertical transmission was the main route of infection, although horizontal transmission likely happened in some broiler cases. Despite the inconsistent and heterogeneous use of vaccines among regions and over time, the number of cases mirrored the use of vaccines in the country. While IBH outbreaks were recorded year-long, significantly more cases occurred during the cooler and rainier months. The geographic distribution suggested a widespread incidence of IBH and revealed the importance of a highly integrated system. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of FAdV infection dynamics under field conditions and reiterate the importance of surveillance, serological monitoring of breeders, and vaccination of breeders against circulating serotypes to protect progenies.
Collapse
|
10
|
IDENTIFICATION AND CORRELATION OF A NOVEL SIADENOVIRUS IN A FLOCK OF BUDGERIGARS ( MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATES) INFECTED WITH SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN THE UNITED STATES. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 51:618-630. [PMID: 33480537 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A flock of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates) was purchased from a licensed breeder and quarantined at a zoologic facility within the United States in 2016. Following 82 deaths within the flock, the remaining 66 birds were depopulated because of ongoing clinical salmonellosis despite treatment. Gross necropsy was performed on all 66 birds. Histopathologic examination was performed on 10 birds identified with gross lesions and 10 birds without. Pathologic findings were most often observed in the liver, kidney, and spleen. Lesions noted in the livers and spleens were consistent with published reports of salmonellosis in psittacine species. Multisystemic changes associated with septicemia were not noted, most likely because of antibiotic intervention before euthanasia. Of the 20 budgerigars evaluated by histopathology, six had large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within tubular epithelia in a portion of the kidneys. Electronic microscopy, next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify and categorize the identified virus as a novel siadenovirus strain BuAdV-1 USA-IA43444-2016. The strain was 99% similar to budgerigar adenovirus 1 (BuAdV-1), previously reported in Japan, and to a psittacine adenovirus 5 recently identified in a U.S. cockatiel. Salmonella typhimurium carriers were identified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture and compared with viral carriers identified via PCR. Inclusion bodies and Salmonella detection were significant in birds with gross lesions versus those without; however, there was no correlation between budgerigars positive with siadenovirus by PCR and concurrent Salmonella infection. Identifying subclinical siadenovirus strain BuAdV-1 USA-IA43444-2016 infection in this flock significantly differs from a previous report of clinical illness in five budgerigars resulting in death caused by BuAdV-1 in Japan. S. typhimurium remains a significant pathogen in budgerigars, and zoonotic concerns prompted depopulation to mitigate the public health risks of this flock.
Collapse
|
11
|
Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Virus Diversity in Urban Wild Birds with Paretic Disease. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00606-20. [PMID: 32581107 PMCID: PMC7459558 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00606-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife naturally harbor a diverse array of infectious microorganisms and can be a source of novel diseases in domestic animals and human populations. Using unbiased RNA sequencing, we identified highly diverse viruses in native birds from Australian urban environments presenting with paresis. This research included the clinical investigation and description of poorly understood recurring syndromes of unknown etiology: clenched claw syndrome and black and white bird disease. As well as identifying a range of potentially disease-causing viral pathogens, this study describes methods that can effectively and efficiently characterize emergent disease syndromes in free-ranging wildlife and promotes further surveillance for specific pathogens of potential conservation and zoonotic concern. Wild birds are major natural reservoirs and potential dispersers of a variety of infectious diseases. As such, it is important to determine the diversity of viruses they carry and use this information to help understand the potential risks of spillover to humans, domestic animals, and other wildlife. We investigated the potential viral causes of paresis in long-standing, but undiagnosed, disease syndromes in wild Australian birds. RNA from diseased birds was extracted and pooled based on tissue type, host species, and clinical manifestation for metagenomic sequencing. Using a bulk and unbiased metatranscriptomic approach, combined with clinical investigation and histopathology, we identified a number of novel viruses from the families Astroviridae, Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Circoviridae in common urban wild birds, including Australian magpies, magpie larks, pied currawongs, Australian ravens, and rainbow lorikeets. In each case, the presence of the virus was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. These data revealed a number of candidate viral pathogens that may contribute to coronary, skeletal muscle, vascular, and neuropathology in birds of the Corvidae and Artamidae families and neuropathology in members of the Psittaculidae. The existence of such a diverse virome in urban avian species highlights the importance and challenges in elucidating the etiology and ecology of wildlife pathogens in urban environments. This information will be increasingly important for managing disease risks and conducting surveillance for potential viral threats to wildlife, livestock, and human health. IMPORTANCE Wildlife naturally harbor a diverse array of infectious microorganisms and can be a source of novel diseases in domestic animals and human populations. Using unbiased RNA sequencing, we identified highly diverse viruses in native birds from Australian urban environments presenting with paresis. This research included the clinical investigation and description of poorly understood recurring syndromes of unknown etiology: clenched claw syndrome and black and white bird disease. As well as identifying a range of potentially disease-causing viral pathogens, this study describes methods that can effectively and efficiently characterize emergent disease syndromes in free-ranging wildlife and promotes further surveillance for specific pathogens of potential conservation and zoonotic concern.
Collapse
|
12
|
Asif K, O'Rourke D, Legione AR, Steer-Cope PA, Shil P, Marenda MS, Noormohammadi AH. Development of a rapid technique for extraction of viral DNA/RNA for whole genome sequencing directly from clinical liver tissues. J Virol Methods 2020; 283:113907. [PMID: 32502499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterisation of the entire genome of Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdV) requires isolation and propagation of the virus in chicken embryo liver or kidney cells, a process which is not only time consuming but may occasionally fail to result in viral growth. Furthermore, in a mixed infection, isolation in cell culture may result in the loss of viral strains. In this study, we optimised a FAdV DNA extraction technique directly from affected liver tissues using kaolin hydrated aluminium silicate treatment. The whole genome of FAdV was sequenced directly from extracted DNA without any targetted PCR based enrichment. The extraction method was also tested on avian liver tissues affected with the RNA virus Avian hepatitis E virus and demonstrated to yield sequencing grade RNA. Therefore, the method described here is a simple technique which is potentially useful for the extraction of sequencing grade DNA/RNA from tissues with high fat content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Asif
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Denise O'Rourke
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alistair R Legione
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Steer-Cope
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pollob Shil
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Characterisation of Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV-8b) Strain Concerning the Geographic Analysis and Pathological Lesions Associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Broiler Flocks in Turkey. J Vet Res 2020; 64:231-237. [PMID: 32587909 PMCID: PMC7305640 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fowl adenovirus can cause important diseases in chickens such as inclusion body hepatitis, hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion and ulceration. Inclusion body hepatitis has been regularly reported from many countries. This is the first case report from Turkey, describing an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in broiler farms due to fowl adenovirus-8b (FAdV-8b). Material and Methods Broiler flocks with mortality about 10% were visited in Turkey, and necropsy was performed on dead birds. Samples were subjected to PCR assay to detect FAdV and other viral pathogens. After sequencing, phylogenetic analysis was performed and the nucleotide sequences of hexon genes were compared with the FAdV sequences data available in GenBank. Results Clinical signs such as anorexia, depression, ruffled feathers, huddling, and greenish diarrhoea were observed. Mortality started at the 8th day of age and ranged from 10% to 14%. Necropsy showed severe hepatitis, jaundice, and pancreatitis. The main necropsy findings included a pale, enlarged, haemorrhagic, and friable liver along with swollen and haemorrhagic kidneys and spleen. PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of fowl adenovirus serotype 8b (FAdV-E). Conclusion This is the first report on characterisation and the pathological lesions associated with FAdV in broilers in Turkey. Our findings suggest that FAdV strains could be an emerging pathogen in Turkish broilers and could actively contribute to hepatitis and immunosuppression.
Collapse
|
14
|
Psittacid Adenovirus-2 infection in the critically endangered orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogastor): A key threatening process or an example of a host-adapted virus? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208674. [PMID: 30811501 PMCID: PMC6392234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psittacid Adenovirus-2 (PsAdv-2) was identified in captive orange-bellied parrots (Neophema chrysogastor) during a multifactorial cluster of mortalities at the Adelaide Zoo, South Australia, and an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia at the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment captive breeding facility, Taroona, Tasmania. This was the first time that an adenovirus had been identified in orange-bellied parrots and is the first report of PsAdv-2 in Australia. To investigate the status of PsAdv-2 in the captive population of orange-bellied parrots, 102 healthy birds from five breeding facilities were examined for the presence of PsAdv-2 DNA in droppings and/or cloacal swabs using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Additionally, eight birds released to the wild for the 2016 breeding season were similarly tested when they were recaptured prior to migration to be held in captivity for the winter. PsAdv-2 was identified in all breeding facilities as well as the birds recaptured from the wild. Prevalence of shedding ranged from 29.7 to 76.5%, demonstrating that PsAdv-2 is endemic in the captive population of orange-bellied parrots and that wild parrots may have been exposed to the virus. PsAdv-2 DNA was detected in both cloacal swabs and faeces of the orange-bellied parrots, but testing both samples from the same birds suggested that testing faeces would be more sensitive than cloacal swabs. PsAdv-2 was not found in other psittacine species housed in nearby aviaries at the Adelaide Zoo. The source of the infection in the orange-bellied parrots remains undetermined. In this study, PsAdv-2 prevalence of shedding was higher in adult birds as compared to birds less than one year old. Preliminary data also suggested a correlation between adenovirus shedding prevalence within the breeding collection and chick survival.
Collapse
|
15
|
Radwan MM, El-Deeb AH, Mousa MR, El-Sanousi AA, Shalaby MA. First report of fowl adenovirus 8a from commercial broiler chickens in Egypt: molecular characterization and pathogenicity. Poult Sci 2019; 98:97-104. [PMID: 30690614 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to isolate fowl adenovirus (FAdV) circulating in commercial meat-type chicken in Egypt during 2015 and to identify the pathogenicity of the isolated virus. Cloacal swabs were collected from 9 commercial broiler farms from chickens of 3-5 wk of age in Behira province in Egypt during 2015. FAdV was isolated on chicken embryo liver cells. The virus was identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction targeting a conserved region in the hexon gene. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the L1 loop of the hexon gene revealed that the isolated viruses clustered with reference strains belonging to FAdV serotype 8a. This is the first record of FAdV from Egypt on the GenBank. The isolated virus is closely related to strains directly associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) causing considerable economic losses. Pathogenicity study of the virus did not show any mortality, although necropsy and histopathological examination displayed severe hepatitis and degenerative changes in the immune system after 5 d from infection, proving that the virus can cause IBH with intermittent shedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt.,Boehringer Ingelheim scientific office, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Ayman H El-Deeb
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Sanousi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shalaby
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cassmann E, Zaffarano B, Chen Q, Li G, Haynes J. Novel siadenovirus infection in a cockatiel with chronic liver disease. Virus Res 2019; 263:164-168. [PMID: 30711577 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 15-year-old female cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) undergoing long term management for hepatopathy died and underwent necropsy. Microscopic findings were consistent with chronic liver disease characterized by distorted hepatic architecture, fibrosis and biliary proliferation. The additional finding of large intranuclear inclusion bodies within hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelium prompted diagnostic next generation sequencing. The assembled sequences isolated from pooled kidney and liver were related to siadenoviruses. The genus Siadenovirus, within the family Adenoviridae, includes several species of viruses that pathogenically infect avian species including hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys and marble spleen virus of pheasants. Siadenoviruses have previously been reported in seven psittacine species: a plum-headed parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala), an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates), an eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius), a scarlet chested parrot (Neophema splendida), a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), and a red-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae). This report describes a novel siadenovirus in a cockatiel that is highly identical to budgerigar adenovirus 1 and distinct from PsAdV-2 in cockatiels. We report the clinical pathologic, gross, and histopathologic findings in a cockatiel with chronic hepatitis and a novel siadenovirus, PsAdV-5. The sequencing data is presented with a phylogenetic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cassmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Bianca Zaffarano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ganwu Li
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joseph Haynes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deep analysis of Loop L1 HVRs1-4 region of the hexon gene of adenovirus field strains isolated in Poland. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207668. [PMID: 30481218 PMCID: PMC6258537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, studies on loop L1 HVRs1-4 region of the hexon gene in fowl adenovirus genome (FAdVs) lack comprehensive molecular data. In this study detailed prospectively obtained sequences from field adenovirus strains, NVRI, Poland have been analyzed. Methods Overall hundred and thirty seven adenovirus strains were collected, evaluated, and examined of hyper variable loop L1 region HVRs1-4 of the hexon gene for the presence of similarity, mutations, tertiary structure, and spinal conformation. Results Sequences were characterized, and divided for five species and seven types, FAdV-A-E/FAdV-1/2/4/5/7/8a/8b/11. The presence of predicted tertiary structure depending on type/species were determined. Analysis of specific selected sequences: GQMTN 1/A, 7/E, and 8b/E, GQMTT 2/11/D, GQLSN 4/C, GQMTH 5/B, and GQMSN 8a/E in examined HVRs1-4 Loop L1 region of hexon gene compared to tertiary structure indicated that this visibly conservative region represents the antigenic binging activity. Conclusion This is the first molecular study on tertiary structure on HVRs1-4 region in adenovirus genome conducted in Poland. Analysis indicated specific sequence in Loop L1 HVR1-4 region which is strictly responsible for antibodies binding. This information could assist during the process connected with specific preventive strategies based on their molecular genome investigation and new facilitate studies. This study will help to better understand the mechanisms of pathogenicity of adenovirus strains provide a guide for disease control in birds.
Collapse
|
18
|
Redondo H, Fragoso JS, Tahala MA, Bensassi Y, Gil I, Elbachir E, Rodríguez MJ, Abad Moreno JC. Characterization of strain of fowl adenoviruses circulating in Morocco. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4057-4062. [PMID: 29982730 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of fowl with adenoviruses raises concerns for poultry production, thus making the detection of adenovirus infection crucial. Fowl adenovirus is the causal agent of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and other avian syndromes that affect the production; since the epidemiological point of view it is important to differentiate the serotype of the virus. Between September 2016 and February 2017 several cases of IBH in broiler flocks were reported in Morocco. Molecular detection of the fowl adenovirus and sequencing also allowed determining the strain of the virus. The strain detected was identified as fowl adenovirus closely related to serotype 11 and 8a based on nucleotide sequence analyses of hexon gene loop 1. This is the first time that FadV has been detected in Morocco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Redondo
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mohamed Ait Tahala
- Cabinet veterinaire Al Houria, Boulevard de la liberté, 83350 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Younous Bensassi
- MSD Animal Health, Boulevard Zerektouni, 20601 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Irene Gil
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erraji Elbachir
- Cabinet veterinaire Tiznit, Boulevard Mohammed Elfhadi, 85000 Tiznit, Morocco
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Complete Genome Sequence of Psittacine Adenovirus 1, Identified from Poicephalus senegalus in Italy. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01037-18. [PMID: 30533635 PMCID: PMC6256658 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01037-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a metagenomics approach, we were able to determine for the first time the full-genome sequence of a psittacine adenovirus 1 isolate that was recovered from the liver of a dead Senegal parrot (Poicephalus senegalus) in Italy. The results of the phylogenetic investigations revealed the existence of high genetic diversity among adenoviruses circulating in psittacine birds.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li PH, Zheng PP, Zhang TF, Wen GY, Shao HB, Luo QP. Fowl adenovirus serotype 4: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccine strategies. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2630-2640. [PMID: 28498980 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype-4 is highly pathogenic for chickens, especially for broilers aged 3 to 5 wk, and it has emerged as one of the foremost causes of economic losses to the poultry industry in the last 30 years. The liver is a major target organ of FAdV-4 infections, and virus-infected chickens usually show symptoms of hydropericardium syndrome. The virus is very contagious, and it is spread both vertically and horizontally. It can be isolated from infected liver homogenates and detected by several laboratory diagnostic methods (including an agar gel immunodiffusion test, indirect immunofluorescence assays, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, restriction endonuclease analyses, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and high-resolution melting-curve analyses). Although inactivated vaccines have been deployed widely to control the disease, attenuated live vaccines and subunit vaccines also have been developed, and they are more attractive vaccine candidates. This article provides a comprehensive review of FAdV-4, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - P P Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - T F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - G Y Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - H B Shao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Q P Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Special 1, Nanhuyaoyuan, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430064, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohamed MHA, El-Sabagh IM, Abdelaziz AM, Al-Ali AM, Alramadan M, Lebdah MA, Ibrahim AM, Al-Ankari ARS. Molecular characterization of fowl aviadenoviruses species D and E associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chickens and falcons indicates possible cross-species transmission. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:384-390. [PMID: 29587493 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1457769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
During the period from 2015 to 2017, frequent outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) were observed in broiler chickens and falcons in Saudi Arabia. Fifty samples were collected from both species. The histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the IBH infection in eight samples (five samples from chickens and three samples from falcons). The genomic sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Saudi strains, reference fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) and field viruses available in Genbank revealed that all investigated FAdVs clustered into FAdV-2 (species D) and FAdV-6 (species E). The host-dependent characterization revealed that falcon origin strains showed low identity (∼35%) with falcon adenoviruses isolated from USA, which clustered into a separate group. The identification of FAdV-D and FAdV-E in diseased falcons and chickens indicates cross-species transmission although falcons and chickens are phylogenetically different. The control of IBH infection in falcons and chickens should be based on the separation of carriers and susceptible chickens as well as falcons to prevent cross-species contact. Vaccination is an important method for prevention of IBH. The characterization of newly emerging FAdV strains provides valuable information for the development of an efficacious control strategy based on the molecular structure of current circulating FAdV strains in different species of birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H A Mohamed
- a Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hufof , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sabagh
- c Central Biotechnology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Collage of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hufof , Saudi Arabia.,d Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdelaziz
- b Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Ali
- c Central Biotechnology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Collage of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hufof , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Alramadan
- e Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Collage of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hufof , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Lebdah
- b Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Abdelazim M Ibrahim
- f Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hufof , Saudi Arabia.,g Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Abdul-Rahman S Al-Ankari
- a Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hufof , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Niczyporuk JS. Molecular characterisation of fowl adenovirus type 7 isolated from poultry associated with inclusion body hepatitis in Poland. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1325-1333. [PMID: 28160143 PMCID: PMC5387021 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fowl adenovirus field strain FAdV-JSN-5/10j (GenBank accession number KP879219) was isolated from the intestine of a 7-week-old chicken diagnosed with inclusion body hepatitis and simultaneously with Marek’s disease, and for that reason, it was chosen for molecular study. It was identified as fowl adenovirus genotype 7 (species Fowl aviadenovirus E) based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the loop L1 region of the hexon gene. Nucleotide sequence alignment of this strain, FAdV-7 reference strains B-3A ATCC VR-832 (AF339922) and YR36 (AF508955), and eight additional FAdV-7 field strains confirmed its classification as FAdV-JS-5/10j and showed that these viruses are very similar to each other. Additionally, we described mutations and their influence on the amino acid sequence, nucleotide composition, and relative synonymous codon usage. Immunofluorescence of cell cultures infected with 104.5 TCID 50 per 0.1-ml dose of the FAdV-JSN-5/10j strain demonstrated the presence of a cytopathic effect. Infection of fowl with adenoviruses raises concerns for poultry production, and thus, the efficient detection of adenovirus infection is crucial. This is the first attempt to describe the molecular characteristics of FadV-7 strains isolated in Poland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk
- Department of Poultry Viral Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Das S, Fearnside K, Sarker S, Forwood JK, Raidal SR. A novel pathogenic aviadenovirus from red-bellied parrots (Poicephalus rufiventris) unveils deep recombination events among avian host lineages. Virology 2017; 502:188-197. [PMID: 28063343 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Competing roles of coevolution, selective pressure and recombination are an emerging interest in virus evolution. We report a novel aviadenovirus from captive red-bellied parrots (Poicephalus rufiventris) that uncovers evidence of deep recombination among aviadenoviruses. The sequence identity of the virus was most closely related to Turkey adenovirus D (42% similarity) and other adenoviruses in chickens, turkeys and pigeons. Sequencing and comparative analysis showed that the genome comprised 40,930 nucleotides containing 42 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) 19 of which had strong similarity with genes from other adenovirus species. The new genome unveiled a lineage that likely participated in deep recombination events across the genus Aviadenovirus accounting for an ancient evolutionary relationship. We hypothesize frequent host switch events and recombination among adenovirus progenitors in Galloanserae hosts caused the radiation of extant aviadenoviruses and the newly assembled Poicephalus adenovirus genome points to a potentially broader host range of these viruses among birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhagata Das
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| | - Kathleen Fearnside
- Hills District Veterinary Hospital, Unit 1, 276 New Line Road, Dural, NSW 2158, Australia.
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Samanta I, Bandyopadhyay S. Infectious Diseases. PET BIRD DISEASES AND CARE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7121861 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3674-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chapter describes bacerial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections commonly detected in pet birds. The chapter includes history, etiology, susceptible hosts, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, lesion, diagnosis, zoonosis, Treatment and control strategy of Tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Chlamydiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Lyme disease, other bacterial infection, Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza infection, West Nile Virus infection, Usutu virus infection, Avian Borna Virus infection, Beak and feather disease, other viral infection, Toxoplasmosis, Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, other parasitic infection, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, Other fungal infections.
Collapse
|
25
|
Oliver-Ferrando S, Dolz R, Calderón C, Valle R, Rivas R, Pérez M, Biarnés M, Blanco A, Bertran K, Ramis A, Busquets N, Majó N. Epidemiological and pathological investigation of fowl aviadenovirus serotypes 8b and 11 isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Spain (2011–2013). Avian Pathol 2016; 46:157-165. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1232477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Oliver-Ferrando
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Dolz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C. Calderón
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP/CLM, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bandeirantes, Brazil
| | - R. Valle
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Pérez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Biarnés
- Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya (CESAC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - A. Blanco
- Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya (CESAC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - K. Bertran
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Ramis
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Majó
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Wang J, Qiu L, Han Z, Liu S. Fowl adenovirus species C serotype 4 is attributed to the emergence of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in chickens in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:230-241. [PMID: 27615553 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since July in 2015, an emerging infectious disease of Hepatitis-Hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) was prevalent in chicken flocks in China. To confirm the causative agent and investigate the epidemiology of the disease, a total of 38 chicken flocks including 187 samples from Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, Shandong and Hunan provinces in China were collected and determined by PCR detection, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and virus isolation. 81 samples (positive rate of samples, 81/187, 43.3%) distributed in 33 chicken flocks (positive rate of chicken flocks, 33/38, 86.8%) were detected to be positive for fowl adenovirus (FAdV) by PCR method, of which 30 were determined as FAdV species C, 41 were species D, 9 were species E and 1 was uncertain for the viral species by phylogenetic analysis, implicating that at least three species (C, D and E) of FAdVs were prevalent in China and the species C and D were predominantly the prevalent viral strains. Interestingly, our results indicated that two types of FAdVs (C and D) co-existed in one flock, resulting in complex condition for the prevalence of the disease. In addition, 13 viral strains of FAdV-C were isolated from different geographic areas and one of the isolates from Henan province, designated HN/151025 strain, was inoculated into 40-day-old specific pathogen free chickens via intramuscular or oral route to evaluate the pathogenicity. It was found that 90% (9/10) chickens died in the intramuscular injection group and 30% (3/10) birds died in the oral route infection group after challenge. Histopathology examination displayed that the pathology confined to liver, kidney, spleen, and heart. These results indicated that the virus was a highly virulent strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liye Qiu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hulbert CL, Chamings A, Hewson KA, Steer PA, Gosbell M, Noormohammadi AH. Survey of captive parrot populations around Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, for psittacine beak and feather disease virus, avian polyomavirus and psittacine adenovirus. Aust Vet J 2015. [PMID: 26220322 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the prevalence of psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus (APV) and psittacine adenovirus (PsAdV) in captive psittacine birds around Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. METHODS Samples of fresh droppings were collected from 118 psittacine birds (109 clinically normal and 9 with feather abnormalities) from 11 avaries in different locations and were used for detection of BFDV, APV and PsAdV using PCR. RESULTS BFDV, APV and PsAdV were detected in 31%, 13% and 4%, respectively, of the specimens tested. One budgerigar was found to be co-infected with BFDV and PsAdV. At least one sample tested positive for BFDV at each location. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the prevalence of BFDV, APV and PsAdV in Victoria and provides a foundation for future studies examining the influence of these viruses on the health of aviary birds in Victoria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Hulbert
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia. .,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
| | - A Chamings
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - K A Hewson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - P A Steer
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - M Gosbell
- Greencross Springvale Animal Hospital, Springvale South, VIC, Australia
| | - A H Noormohammadi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Counihan KL, Skerratt LF, Franson JC, Hollmén TE. Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of novel adenoviruses isolated from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis). Virology 2015; 485:393-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
Niczyporuk JS. Phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in Poland. Arch Virol 2015; 161:33-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Lee SY, Kim JH, Park YM, Shin OS, Kim H, Choi HG, Song JW. A novel adenovirus in Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) in Antarctica. Viruses 2014; 6:2052-61. [PMID: 24811321 PMCID: PMC4036538 DOI: 10.3390/v6052052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (family Adenoviridae) infect various organ systems and cause diseases in a wide range of host species. In this study, we examined multiple tissues from Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), collected in Antarctica during 2009 and 2010, for the presence of novel adenoviruses by PCR. Analysis of a 855-bp region of the hexon gene of a newly identified adenovirus, designated Chinstrap penguin adenovirus 1 (CSPAdV-1), showed nucleotide (amino acid) sequence identity of 71.8% (65.5%) with South Polar skua 1 (SPSAdV-1), 71% (70%) with raptor adenovirus 1 (RAdV-1), 71.4% (67.6%) with turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) and 61% (61.6%) with frog adenovirus 1 (FrAdV-1). Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses, CSPAdV-1 was classified as a member of the genus, Siadenovirus. Virus isolation attempts from kidney homogenates in the MDTC-RP19 (ATCC® CRL-8135™) cell line were unsuccessful. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of new adenovirus species in Antarctic penguins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Yon Mi Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Hankyeom Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marek A, Ballmann MZ, Kosiol C, Harrach B, Schlötterer C, Hess M. Whole-genome sequences of two turkey adenovirus types reveal the existence of two unknown lineages that merit the establishment of novel species within the genus Aviadenovirus. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:156-170. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.057711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are eight species established for aviadenoviruses: Fowl adenovirus A–E, Goose adenovirus A, Falcon adenovirus A and Turkey adenovirus B. The aim of this study was to sequence and analyse the complete genomes of turkey adenovirus 4 (TAdV-4) and TAdV-5 (strain 1277BT) in addition to almost two-thirds of the genome of another TAdV-5 strain (strain D1648). By applying next-generation sequencing, the full genomes were found to be 42 940 and 43 686 bp and the G+C content was 48.5 and 51.6 mol% for TAdV-4 and TAdV-5, respectively. One fiber gene was identified in TAdV-4, whereas two fiber genes were found in TAdV-5. The genome organization of TAdV-4 resembled that of fowl adenovirus 5 (FAdV-5), but it had ORF1C near the left end of the genome. TAdV-4 also had five 123 bp tandem repeats followed by five 33 bp tandem repeats, but they occurred before and not after ORF8, as in several fowl adenoviruses. The genome organization of TAdV-5 was almost the same as that of FAdV-1 but with a possible difference in the splicing pattern of ORF11 and ORF26. Phylogenetic analyses and G+C content showed differences that seem to merit the establishment of two new species within the genus Aviadenovirus: Turkey adenovirus C (for TAdV-4) and Turkey adenovirus D (for TAdV-5). Our analyses suggest a common evolutionary origin of TAdV-5 and FAdV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marek
- Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mónika Z. Ballmann
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Kosiol
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Molecular typing of fowl adenoviruses, isolated in Hungary recently, reveals high diversity. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:357-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Marek A, Kosiol C, Harrach B, Kaján GL, Schlötterer C, Hess M. The first whole genome sequence of a Fowl adenovirus B strain enables interspecies comparisons within the genus Aviadenovirus. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:250-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Real-time PCR assay for universal detection and quantitation of all five species of fowl adenoviruses (FAdV-A to FAdV-E). J Virol Methods 2012; 183:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
35
|
Steer PA, O'Rourke D, Ghorashi SA, Noormohammadi AH. Application of high-resolution melting curve analysis for typing of fowl adenoviruses in field cases of inclusion body hepatitis. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:184-92. [PMID: 21495991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens. In this study, clinical cases of IBH from Australian broiler flocks were screened for the presence and genotype of FAdVs. METHODS Twenty-six IBH cases from commercial poultry farms were screened. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis (PCR/HRM genotyping) was used to determine the presence and genotype of FAdVs. For comparison, field isolates were also assessed by virus microneutralisation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the hexon loop 1 (Hex L1) gene. PCR detection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was also employed. RESULTS FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 were identified in 13 cases each. In one case, FAdV-1 was also identified. Cross-neutralisation was observed between the FAdV-11 field strain and the reference FAdV-2 and 11 antisera, a result also seen with the type 2 and 11 reference FAdVs. Field strains 1 and 8b were neutralised only by their respective type antisera. The FAdV-8b field strain was identical to the Australian FAdV vaccine strain (type 8b) in the Hex L1 region. The Hex L1 sequence of the FAdV-11 field strain had the highest identity to FAdV-11 (93.2%) and FAdV-2 (92.7%) reference strains. In the five cases tested for CAV and IBDV, neither virus was detected. The evidence suggested the presence of sufficient antibodies against CAV and IBD in the parent flocks and there was no indication of immunosuppression caused by these viruses. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PCR/HRM genotyping is a reliable diagnostic method for FAdV identification and is more rapid than virus neutralisation and direct sequence analysis. Furthermore, they suggest that IBH in Australian broiler flocks is a primary disease resulting from two alternative FAdV strains from different species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Steer
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Marek A, Schulz E, Hess C, Hess M. Comparison of the fibers of Fowl adenovirus A serotype 1 isolates from chickens with gizzard erosions in Europe and apathogenic reference strains. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 22:937-41. [PMID: 21088178 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 18 samples from 4 outbreaks of gizzard erosions in broiler chickens in Europe were used in the current study. Fowl adenoviruses were found in samples from all 4 outbreaks, and isolates were identified as Fowl adenovirus A (FAdV-A) serotype 1. As described earlier, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the long fiber gene was conducted. However, all 18 samples showed the same pattern as apathogenic FAdV-1 strains: Ote and chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) viruses. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the long and short fiber of several isolates from broiler chickens with gizzard erosions were analyzed, and 100% identity between the field isolates on the protein level was revealed. Only 1 nonsynonymous mutation (T→A) was present in the long fiber of studied isolates compared to the CELO strain. The same mutation was also present in the Ote strain. Four nonsynonymous mutations were present in the long fiber of studied isolates compared to Ote strain. In the short fiber, 6 nonsynonymous mutations were found in the studied isolates compared to the CELO strain. However, the short fiber of pathogenic isolates was 100% identical to apathogenic Ote strain. In conclusion, the usefulness of PCR-RFLP analysis of the long fiber gene of FAdV-1 isolates in distinguishing between those that induce gizzard erosions and those that do not remains questionable for the isolates obtained from European poultry flocks. The role of certain FAdV-1 strains with their long and short fiber in pathogenicity regarding gizzard erosions is still not clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marek
- Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marek A, Günes A, Schulz E, Hess M. Classification of fowl adenoviruses by use of phylogenetic analysis and high-resolution melting-curve analysis of the hexon L1 gene region. J Virol Methods 2010; 170:147-54. [PMID: 20869988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A total of 44 fowl adenovirus (FAdV) samples from 6 European countries, Pakistan, India, Kuwait, Mexico, Peru and Ecuador were used in this study and the phylogenetic analyses based on the loop 1 (L1) region of hexon gene were performed. For comparison, available hexon sequences of representatives of different FAdV species were also used. At least 12 genotypes within the five FAdV species (A-E) were revealed and the existence of these genotypes was supported by high bootstrap values. Furthermore, three primer pairs binding to the conserved pedestal regions (HexL1s/HexL1as and HexA/HexB) and pedestal (P1) region and loop 2 (L2) region (HexF1/HexR1) of the FAdV hexon gene were used for high-resolution melting (HRM)-curve analysis and results were compared with those of phylogenetic analyses. HRM-curve analysis based on the HexL1s/HexL1as region grouped all tested field isolates and reference strains into 22 subgroups, consistently with phylogenetic analysis. This method is a rapid and cost-effective alternative to existing serotype identification methods and offers a possibility to classify FAdV isolates more precisely. However, it has limitations such as need for extensive interpretation of results and potential for indeterminate results. Gaining of hexon sequences of further field isolates offers the potential for novel and additional information in analysis of the molecular epidemiology of FAdV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marek
- Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Katoh H, Ogawa H, Ohya K, Fukushi H. A review of DNA viral infections in psittacine birds. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1099-106. [PMID: 20424393 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several DNA viral infections have been reported in psittacine birds. Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is characterized by symmetric feather dystrophy and loss and development of beak deformities. PBFD is caused by beak and feather virus, which belongs to the Circoviridae, and is the most important infection in psittacine birds worldwide. Avian polyomavirus infection causes acute death, abdominal distention, and feather abnormalities. Pacheco's disease (PD), which is caused by psittacid herpesvirus type 1, is an acute lethal disease without a prodrome. Psittacine adenovirus infections are described as having a clinical progression similar to PD. The clinical changes in psittacine poxvirus-infected birds include serious ocular discharge, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis, followed by the appearance of ulcerations on the medial canthi of the eyes. Internal papillomatosis of parrots (IPP) is a tumor disease characterized by progressive development of papillomas in the oral and cloacal mucosa. IPP has been suggested to caused by papillomavirus or herpesvirus. However, information about these diseases is limited. Here we review the etiology, clinical features, pathology, epidemiology, and diagnosis of these DNA viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wellehan JFX, Greenacre CB, Fleming GJ, Stetter MD, Childress AL, Terrell SP. Siadenovirus infection in two psittacine bird species. Avian Pathol 2009; 38:413-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450903183660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
40
|
A novel budgerigar-adenovirus belonging to group II avian adenovirus of Siadenovirus. Virus Res 2009; 144:294-7. [PMID: 19394371 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Five budgerigars in the same breeding facility died or showed ruffled feathers. To determine the cause, five dead or euthanized budgerigars were examined. Splenomegaly was observed at necropsy in all birds examined. Histopathology of the spleen revealed a slight-to-moderate deletion of lymphocytes and increase of macrophages. Concurrent congestions in several tissues such as liver, lung, kidney, and/or brain and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of renal tubules were found in all the birds examined. Psittacine adenoviral DNA was detected in the kidney of one of the five budgerigars by PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hexon gene revealed that the adenovirus gene detected in the budgerigar was derived from an unknown adenovirus belonging to the genus Siadenovirus. Using a new pair of primers based on the obtained sequence, we confirmed the presence of the newly found adenovirus in all five birds. The newly found unknown adenovirus is designated as Budgerigar Adenovirus 1.
Collapse
|
41
|
Confirmation of a novel siadenovirus species detected in raptors: partial sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Virus Res 2008; 140:64-70. [PMID: 19061925 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Partial genome characterisation of a novel adenovirus, found recently in organ samples of multiple species of dead birds of prey, was carried out by sequence analysis of PCR-amplified DNA fragments. The virus, named as raptor adenovirus 1 (RAdV-1), has originally been detected by a nested PCR method with consensus primers targeting the adenoviral DNA polymerase gene. Phylogenetic analysis with the deduced amino acid sequence of the small PCR product has implied a new siadenovirus type present in the samples. Since virus isolation attempts remained unsuccessful, further characterisation of this putative novel siadenovirus was carried out with the use of PCR on the infected organ samples. The DNA sequence of the central genome part of RAdV-1, encompassing nine full (pTP, 52K, pIIIa, III, pVII, pX, pVI, hexon, protease) and two partial (DNA polymerase and DBP) genes and exceeding 12 kb pairs in size, was determined. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions, based on several genes, unambiguously confirmed the preliminary classification of RAdV-1 as a new species within the genus Siadenovirus. Further study of RAdV-1 is of interest since it represents a rare adenovirus genus of yet undetermined host origin.
Collapse
|
42
|
Katoh H, Ohya K, Fukushi H. Development of novel real-time PCR assays for detecting DNA virus infections in psittaciform birds. J Virol Methods 2008; 154:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
43
|
Classification of fowl adenovirus serotypes by use of high-resolution melting-curve analysis of the hexon gene region. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 47:311-21. [PMID: 19036935 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01567-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotypes is of importance in epidemiological studies of disease outbreaks and the adoption of vaccination strategies. In this study, real-time PCR and subsequent high-resolution melting (HRM)-curve analysis of three regions of the hexon gene were developed and assessed for their potential in differentiating 12 FAdV reference serotypes. The results were compared to previously described PCR and restriction enzyme analyses of the hexon gene. Both HRM-curve analysis of a 191-bp region of the hexon gene and restriction enzyme analysis failed to distinguish a number of serotypes used in this study. In addition, PCR of the region spanning nucleotides (nt) 144 to 1040 failed to amplify FAdV-5 in sufficient quantities for further analysis. However, HRM-curve analysis of the region spanning nt 301 to 890 proved a sensitive and specific method of differentiating all 12 serotypes. All melt curves were highly reproducible, and replicates of each serotype were correctly genotyped with a mean confidence value of more than 99% using normalized HRM curves. Sequencing analysis revealed that each profile was related to a unique sequence, with some sequences sharing greater than 94% identity. Melting-curve profiles were found to be related mainly to GC composition and distribution throughout the amplicons, regardless of sequence identity. The results presented in this study show that the closed-tube method of PCR and HRM-curve analysis provides an accurate, rapid, and robust genotyping technique for the identification of FAdV serotypes and can be used as a model for developing genotyping techniques for other pathogens.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lüschow D, Prusas C, Lierz M, Gerlach H, Soike D, Hafez HM. Adenovirus of psittacine birds: investigations on isolation and development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction for specific detection. Avian Pathol 2008; 36:487-94. [PMID: 17994328 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701691260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver samples of psittacine birds with a histological suspicion of an adenovirus infection, confirmed by electron microscopy examination, were subjected to virus isolation attempts using a heterologous cell culture system and a homologous cell culture system in the form of chicken embryo liver cells and psittacine embryo fibroblasts, respectively. Whereas isolation in chicken embryo liver cells failed, virus was isolated successfully in the psittacine embryo fibroblasts cell culture system. Molecular investigations identified the virus as a specific psittacine adenovirus (PsAdV). Additionally, on the basis of the hexon gene sequence data obtained, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for specific detection of PsAdV was developed. To ensure an exclusive hybridization with PsAdV, selected primers were located within the variable L1 region of the hexon gene. Furthermore, the specificity of the real-time PCR was confirmed by investigation of a panel of different avian adenoviruses and unrelated DNA viruses. Using this PCR, the threshold cycle values obtained support the propagation of PsAdV in the homologous cell culture system in comparison with the chicken cell culture system. Moreover, the developed PCR represents a reliable method for specific and sensitive detection of PsAdV in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lüschow
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zsivanovits P, Monks DJ, Forbes NA, Ursu K, Raue R, Benkö M. Presumptive Identification of a Novel Adenovirus in a Harris Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), a Bengal Eagle Owl (Bubo bengalensis), and a Verreaux's Eagle Owl (Bubo lacteus). J Avian Med Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1647/2005-008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|