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Abdel-Mawgod S, Zanaty A, Elhusseiny M, Said D, Samir A, Elsayed MM, Mahana O, Said M, Hussein AM, Hassan HM, Selim A, Shahien MA, Selim K. Genetic heterogeneity of chicken anemia virus isolated in selected Egyptian provinces as a preliminary investigation. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1362219. [PMID: 38840626 PMCID: PMC11150715 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1362219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a widespread and economically significant pathogen in the poultry industry. In this study 110 samples were collected from various poultry farms in selected Egyptian provinces during 2021-2022 and were tested against CAV by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), revealing 22 positive samples with 20% incidence rate. Full sequence analysis of five selected CAV strains revealed genetic variations in VP1, VP2, and VP3 genes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Egyptian strains with reference viruses, mainly in group II, while vaccines like Del-Rose were categorized in group III. Recombination events were detected between an Egyptian strain (genotype II) and the Del-Rose vaccine strain (genotype III), indicating potential recombination between live vaccine strains and field isolates. To evaluate pathogenicity, one Egyptian isolate (F883-2022 CAV) and Del-Rose vaccine were tested in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) chicks. Chicks in the positive group displayed clinical symptoms, including weakness and stunted growth, with postmortem findings consistent with CAV infection. The vaccine group showed milder symptoms and less severe postmortem changes. This study provides important insights into the genetic diversity of CAV in selected Egyptian poultry farms showing recombination event between field strain and vaccine strains, highlighting the need for advanced vaccination programs, especially for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdel-Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Zanaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhusseiny
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelhafez Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moataz M. Elsayed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Mahana
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hussein
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heba M. Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A. Shahien
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karim Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Adedeji AJ, Shittu I, Akanbi OB, Asala OO, Adole JA, Okewole PA, Ijale GO, Kabantiyok D, Idoko F, Shallmizhili JJ, Abdu PA, Pewan SB. First report of co-infections of Marek's disease virus and chicken infectious anaemia virus in poultry flocks in Nigeria. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 23:100339. [PMID: 38406258 PMCID: PMC10884768 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) and chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) are viral immunosuppressive diseases of poultry caused by the MD virus (MDV) and CIA virus (CIAV) respectively. Despite vaccination against MD, the incidence of the disease in vaccinated poultry flocks in Nigeria persists. However, underlying factors like co-infection with CIAV have not been investigated in the country. This study was designed to investigate possible co-infections of MDV and CIAV in poultry flocks in Nigeria. In 2016, tumorous tissue samples were collected from suspected cases of MD at necropsy in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The samples collected were fixed in formalin for histopathological examination, genomic DNA was extracted from a second part and analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting the meq and VP1 genes of the MDV and CIAV, respectively. The histology results revealed that the cutaneous and proventricular lymphomas were characterized by large numbers of mononuclear cellular infiltrates admixed with heterophils. The PCR results revealed that MDV was detected in 66.7% (16/24), CIAV in 45.8% (11/24), and co-infections of MDV and CIAV were detected in 45.8% (11/24) of the samples analysed. In addition, co-infections of MD and CIA were recorded in 100% (6/6) and 27.7% (5/18) of broilers and layer/pullet' samples respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the meq gene sequences revealed that the Nigerian MDV clusters with very virulent MDV from Egypt and Italy. While, CIAV sequences were genotype II and genotype III and clustered with CIAVs from Cameroon and China. This is the first report of co-infections of MD and CIA in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olatunde B. Akanbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel O. Ijale
- Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Felix Idoko
- National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Paul A. Abdu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
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3
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Song H, Kim H, Kwon Y, Kim H. Genetic characterization of chicken infectious anaemia viruses isolated in Korea and their pathogenicity in chicks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1333596. [PMID: 38420609 PMCID: PMC10900523 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1333596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) causes severe anemia and immunosuppression through horizontal or vertical transmission in young chickens. Especially, vertical transmission of virus through the egg can lead to significantly economic losses due to the increased mortality in the broiler industry. Here, 28 CIAV complete sequences circulating in Korea were first characterized using the newly designed primers. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete sequences revealed that CIAV isolates were divided into four groups, IIa (2/28, 7.1%), IIb (9/28, 32.1%), IIIa (8/28, 28.6%) and IIIb (9/28, 32.1%), and exhibited a close relationship to each other. The major groups were IIb, IIIa and IIIb, and no strains were clustered with a vaccine strain available in Korea. Also, for viral titration, we newly developed a quantitative PCR assay that is highly sensitive, reliable and simple. To investigate the pathogenicity of three major genotypes, 18R001(IIb), 08AQ017A(IIIa), and 17AD008(IIIb) isolates were challenged into one-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Each CIAV strain caused anaemia, severe growth retardation and immunosuppression in chickens regardless of CIAV genotypes. Notably, a 17AD008 strain showed stable cellular adaptability and higher virus titer in vitro as well as higher pathogenicity in vivo. Taken together, our study provides valuable information to understand molecular characterization, genetic diversity and pathogenicity of CIAV to improve management and control of CIA in poultry farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeSoon Song
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonSu Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKuk Kwon
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRyoung Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kamdi B, Barate A, Kulurkar P, Kaore M, Bhandarkar A, Singh R, Kurkure N. Pathology and molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus and in silico antigen prediction. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:5160-5167. [PMID: 36919599 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2186889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated five poultry flocks (size 142-600 birds) suspected of chicken infectious anemia (CIA) from Maharashtra, India. The necropsy of dead birds revealed severe atrophy of the thymus, gelatinization of bone marrow, subcutaneous hemorrhages, growth impairment, and severe anemia. Specific PCR targeting, 1390 bp fragment of the CIAV, VP1 gene was used in this study. Sequence analysis revealed that CIAV sequences of this study were grouped in genotype A. At the nucleotide level identity of 99.6% or more was seen between field sequences. At the amino acid level identity of 100% was seen between field sequences and NGP-1. Also, VP1 protein sequences of this study showed high identity with TJBD40, GD-K-12 strains from China and AB046590 strain from Japan. Further, the protein sequences of field CIAV had 0.7% to 2.5% divergence from VP1 sequences of vaccine strains. Antigenic epitopes of VP1 protein were predicted by SVMTriPtool and the field CIAV presented substitutions in two epitopes. To conclude, present study confirms the circulation of genotype A of CIAV in Maharashtra, India and predicted VP1 proteins of field CIAV revealed changes in two epitopes compared to vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Kamdi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, MAFSU, Nagpur, India
| | - Abhijit Barate
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, MAFSU, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Megha Kaore
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, MAFSU, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Rahul Singh
- Animal/Experimental Pathology, CCRAS, Kolkata, India
| | - Nitin Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, MAFSU, Nagpur, India
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Xu S, Zhang Z, Xu X, Ji J, Yao L, Kan Y, Xie Q, Bi Y. Molecular Characteristics of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Central and Eastern China from 2020 to 2022. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2709. [PMID: 37684973 PMCID: PMC10487239 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the recent evolution of CIAV in China, 43 flocks of chickens from the provinces of Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Anhui were screened via polymerase chain reaction during 2020-2022. Of these, 27 flocks tested positive for CIAV nucleic acids, including 12 which were positive for other immunosuppression viruses. Additionally, 27 CIAV strains were isolated, and their whole genomes were sequenced. The AH2001 and JS2002 strains shared the highest identity at 99.56%, and the HB2102 and HB2101 strains shared the lowest identity at 95.34%. Based on the genome sequences of these strains and reference strains, a phylogenetic tree was constructed and divided into eight main branches. Most of the strains were grouped with the East Asian strains, whereas the HB2101 strain belonged to the Brazil and Argentina cluster. A recombination event was detected in multiple strains, in which AH2002 recombined from KJ728827/China/2014 (from Taiwan Province) and HN2203, and AH2202 recombined from KX811526/China/2017 (from Shandong Province) and HN2203. All the obtained strains had a highly pathogenic Gln amino acid site at position 394 of the VP1. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance of CIAV monitoring and provide data that aid in understanding the evolution of CIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.X.); (Y.B.)
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Zeng Y, Zhang H, Zhang H. Isolation, Identification, and Whole Genome Analysis of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in an Outbreak of Disease in Adult Layer Hens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:481. [PMID: 37505885 PMCID: PMC10386238 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) poses a significant threat to the chicken industry in China. Due to its non-specific symptoms, the disease is often overlooked. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the etiology and pathology of CIA in Guangxi Province, China. Three strains of the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) were isolated from liver samples of diseased 20-week-old chickens. The complete genomes of these strains were sequenced, and experiments on specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks revealed that the GX21121 strain exhibited high virulence. Histopathological examination of the deceased chickens showed liver cell necrosis, fibrous serous exudation, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage in liver tissues, and congestion in lung and renal tissues. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome revealed that the three strains had a close genetic relationship to the Heilongjiang wild-type strain (GenBank KY486144). The genetic evolution of their VP1 genes indicated that all three CIAV isolates belonged to genotype IIIc. In summary, this study demonstrated the genomic diversity of three CIAV strains in adult layer hens. The isolation and characterization of the GX21121 strain as a highly virulent isolate provide valuable information for further investigations into the etiology, molecular epidemiology, and viral evolution of CIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Zeng
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Universities in Sichuan, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Huanrong Zhang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Universities in Sichuan, Chengdu 610093, China
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7
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Fang L, Jia H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Qi L, Zhao P. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity study of a highly pathogenic strain of chicken anemia virus that emerged in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1171622. [PMID: 37284496 PMCID: PMC10240067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). Recently, severe anemia has emerged in layer chickens (8 to 10-week-old) on poultry farms in China. However, the etiological characteristics and pathogenic potential of CAV in chickens at 6 weeks or older are not well understood. In this study, we isolated a CAV strain, termed SD15, from two-month-old chicken with severe anemia and analyzed the genetic evolution relationship. We found that strain SD15 had the highest homology (98.9%) with CAV18 strain. Comparison with 33 reference strains revealed 16 amino acid mutations in strain SD15, two of which were previously unknown (F210S in VP1 and L25S in Vp3). Compared with low pathogenic strains (Cux-1 and C14), highly pathogenic strains (SDLY08 and SD15) had three base mutations in their noncoding region. To further understand its pathogenicity, 10-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were challenged with the novel strain and SDLY08. No obvious clinical symptoms were observed in the SDLY08 group. However, SD15-infected chickens showed significant growth retardation and immunosuppression. The main manifestations of immunosuppression were the significantly reduced thymus and bursa indices and AIV-H9 vaccine-induced antibody levels (P < 0.05). The lowest number of red blood cells in the SD15 group was just 60% of that in the control group. Taken together, the novel strain SD15 not only showed higher pathogenicity but also exhibited the potential ability to break the age resistance of older chickens to CAV. Our study enhanced the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of chickens infected with severe anemia and can facilitate the development of improved control strategies of CIA in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Fang
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiyue Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Lihong Qi
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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8
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Sun H, Yu S, Jiang T, Yan Z, Wang D, Chen L, Zhou Q, Yin L, Chen F. Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) in China during 2020-2021. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:119-127. [PMID: 36469626 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2155109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) has been identified as the causative agent of chicken infectious anaemia (CIA), causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. In this study, a total of 573 clinical samples were collected from 197 broiler farms in 17 provinces of China during 2020-2021. Among them, 375 samples (375/573, 65.4%) were positive for CIAV by real-time PCR. The positive rate of CIAV detection between different regions of China ranged from 46.67% (North China) to 81.25% (Central China). The nucleotide sequences of the VP1 gene were obtained for 91 CIAV strains, whole genome sequencing was successful for 72 out of 91 strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene revealed that 91 CIAV strains currently circulating in China belong to three genotypes (II, IIIa and IIIb), and most of the CIAV strains belong to genotype IIIa. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome showed that 71 CIAV strains belong to genotype IIIa, and one strain belongs to genotype II. Sequence analysis showed several amino acid substitutions in both the VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins. Our results enhance the understanding of the molecular characterization of CIAV infection in China.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS A molecular systematic survey of CIAV in China during 2020-2021.CIAV genotype IIIa is the predominant genotype in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilan Yu
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Jiang
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingai Wang
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Wu X, Kong J, Yao Z, Sun H, Liu Y, Wu Z, Liu J, Zhang H, Huang H, Wang J, Chen M, Zeng Y, Huang Y, Chen F, Xie Q, Zhang X. A new rapid and sensitive method for detecting chicken infectious anemia virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994651. [PMID: 36246275 PMCID: PMC9558101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) was discovered in 1979, which has been reported as an economically significant and immunosuppressive poultry disease in the world. A novel clinical detection method for the prevention and control of CIAV in the poultry sector is urgently needed. Here, we established a real-time recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA) for CIAV on-site with a rapid, highly sensitive, strongly specific, low-cost, and simple operational molecular diagnosis detection method. The primers and probe were developed using the CIAV VP2 gene sequence, which has a 117-bp specific band. This assay, which could be carried out at 41°C and completed in 30 min without cross-reactivity with other viruses, had the lowest detection limit of 10 copies of CIAV DNA molecules per reaction. Furthermore, the kappa value of this assay was 0.947, the sensitivity was 93.33%, and the specificity was 100% when compared to the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (real-time qPCR). These results indicate that using a real-time RAA assay to detect CIAV on-site could be beneficial. In the future, the real-time RAA test may be a regular assay for the prevention and control of CIAV, as well as help the reduction of economic losses in the poultry business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Wu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Yao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hejing Sun
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjia Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Yunfu, Xinxing, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Yunfu, Xinxing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haohua Huang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Zeng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinpeng Huang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingmei Xie,
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
- Xinheng Zhang,
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10
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Dai M, Huang Y, Wang L, Luo J, Yan N, Zhang L, Huang H, Zhou J, Li Z, Xu C. Genomic Sequence and Pathogenicity of the Chicken Anemia Virus Isolated From Chicken in Yunnan Province, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:860134. [PMID: 35664859 PMCID: PMC9158507 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.860134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV), which has been reported in many countries, causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in chickens. In this study, a CAV strain YN04 belonging to genotype A was first identified from infected chickens in Yunnan province, China. Moreover, the animal infection experiments further confirmed that the strain YN04 is a highly pathogenic strain, which can cause 86.67% mortality in chickens in the infection group. The mean death time of infected chickens was 13.1 days post infection (dpi). CAV infection induced severe anemia with significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), and serious atrophy and lesion of thymus and bursa with high viral load at 14 dpi. Besides, CAV infection caused a sharp decrease in chicken body weight and immune organ indices including the ratio of thymus or bursa to body weight at 21 dpi, which displayed the potential immunosuppression state at this stage. These findings enrich the epidemiological data on CAV and may provide information for preventing its further spread in Yunnan province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenggang Xu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Liu L, Li Y, Yin M, Zhao P, Guo L, Wang Y. Genomic Characterization of Chicken Anemia Virus in Broilers in Shandong Province, China, 2020–2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:816860. [PMID: 35372548 PMCID: PMC8968957 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.816860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA), caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV), is an immunosuppressive disease characterized by growth retardation, aplastic anemia, lymphoid depletion, and immunodepression in young chickens. In this study, 33 CAV strains were isolated from broilers in Shandong Province during 2020–2021. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length genome sequences showed that most CAV strains isolated in this study were scattered across different branches, but mainly clustered in two genotypes, indicating a certain regional characteristic. Analysis of VP1 protein identified several amino acid substitutions which were relevant with the virulence and virus spread efficiency. Interestingly, four putative DNA recombination events were detected in the genomes of novel isolated CAV strains. In summary, this study demonstrated a genomic diversity of CAV in broilers isolated in Shandong Province during 2020–2021, and provided information for the further study of CAV molecular epidemiology and viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- Shandong Yisheng Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Mingrong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Longzong Guo
- Shandong Yisheng Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Longzong Guo
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Yixin Wang
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12
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Lindgren Y, Banihashem F, Berg M, Eriksson H, Zohari S, Jansson DS. Gizzard erosions in broiler chickens in Sweden caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1): investigation of outbreaks, including whole-genome sequencing of an isolate. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:257-266. [PMID: 35285764 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2048631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present paper describes the investigation of the first outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosions (AGE) in Sweden, in five broiler flocks. The investigation includes whole viral genome sequencing and investigation of genomic organisation and sequence relationships with other adenoviruses. All five flocks had a history of decreased growth and uneven size of birds since nine to ten days of age. Macroscopically, lesions consistent with AGE (detached koilin layers, discoloration, bleeding, erosions) were identified in gizzards in all five flocks. In four flocks histology was performed, and degeneration and inflammation of the koilin layer and gizzard mucosa were identified in all four. In one flock, intranuclear inclusion bodies typical for fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were detected in trapped epithelial cells in the koilin layer. In four flocks in situ hybridization was performed, and cells positive for FAdV serotype 1 (FAdV-1) were demonstrated in the koilin layer and gizzard mucosa. FAdV species A (FAdV-A) was detected in gizzard, liver, caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Ten out of ten examined parent flocks of the affected chickens were seropositive for FAdV, indicating former or on-going infection. However, FAdV was not detected in embryos from seropositive parent flocks and thus vertical transmission was not demonstrated. The entire nucleotide sequence of one sample was determined and found to be 43,856 base pairs (bp) in length. The genome sequence and organisation were found to be similar to that of the reference apathogenic avian adenovirus "chicken embryo lethal orphan" (CELO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lindgren
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fereshteh Banihashem
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Section of virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Eriksson
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Désirée S Jansson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Di Francesco A, Quaglia G, Salvatore D, Sakhria S, Catelli E, Bessoussa G, Kaboudi K, Ben Chehida N, Lupini C. Occurrence of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Industrial and Backyard Tunisian Broilers: Preliminary Results. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010062. [PMID: 35011168 PMCID: PMC8749614 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is an economically important and widely distributed immunosuppressive agent in chickens. This study performed an epidemiological investigation on CIAV circulation in 195 Tunisian broilers, belonging to 13 lots from five industrial farms and in one rural farm. Fifteen animals were detected positive by a VP1 nested PCR. The amplicons were molecularly characterised by complete genome sequencing. All positive samples obtained in this study were from the rural farm, whereas the industrial farms sampled were negative. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses showed a high degree of similarity among the sequences obtained, suggesting the circulation of a single CIAV strain in the positive lot. Phylogenetic analysis based on the CIAV VP1 nucleotide sequence and/or the complete genome showed that the sequences obtained in this study clustered with CIAV strains previously detected in Tunisia, Italy and Egypt, belonging to genogroup II. Our results highlight the need for constant CIAV surveillance in backyard chicken production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Quaglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Sonia Sakhria
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (S.S.); (N.B.C.)
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Ghaith Bessoussa
- Commissariat Régional au Développement Agricole, Ben Arous 2063, Tunisia;
| | - Khaled Kaboudi
- National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia;
| | - Noureddine Ben Chehida
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (S.S.); (N.B.C.)
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
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14
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Genetic Heterogeneity among Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses Detected in Italian Fowl. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040944. [PMID: 33801597 PMCID: PMC8067058 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is a pathogen of chickens associated with immunosuppression and with a disease named chicken infectious anemia. The present survey reports an epidemiological study on CIAV distribution in Italian broiler, broiler breeder and backyard chicken flocks. Twenty-five strains were detected by a specifically developed nested PCR protocol, and molecularly characterized by partial VP1 gene or complete genome sequencing. Viral DNA amplification was successfully obtained from non-invasive samples such as feathers and environmental dust. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed the circulation of field or potentially vaccine-derived strains with heterogeneous sequences clustered into genogroups II, IIIa, and IIIb. Marker genome positions, reported to be correlated with CIAV virulence, were evaluated in field strains. In conclusion, this is the first survey focused on the molecular characteristics of Italian CIAVs, which have proved to be highly heterogeneous, implementing at the same time a distribution map of field viruses worldwide.
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15
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Epidemiology, molecular characterization, and recombination analysis of chicken anemia virus in Guangdong province, China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1409-1417. [PMID: 32318833 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in young chickens and a compromised immune response in older birds, resulting in great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Here, we report the molecular epidemiology and characterization of CAV circulating in poultry in Guangdong province, China. Ninety-one of 277 chickens collected from 2016 to 2017 were CAV positive. Full-genome sequencing revealed the presence of eight separate strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome sequences obtained in this study and related sequences available in the GenBank database showed that all of the CAV isolates exhibit a close relationship to each other and belong to the same genotypic group. Putative recombination events were also detected in the genomes of the newly isolated CAVs. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of CAV surveillance and provide information that will lead to a better understanding of the evolution of CAV.
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16
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Pauly M, Snoeck CJ, Phoutana V, Keosengthong A, Sausy A, Khenkha L, Nouanthong P, Samountry B, Jutavijittum P, Vilivong K, Hübschen JM, Black AP, Pommasichan S, Muller CP. Cross-species transmission of poultry pathogens in backyard farms: ducks as carriers of chicken viruses. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:503-511. [PMID: 31199168 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1628919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In backyard farms of Lao People's Democratic Republic, mixed-species rearing of poultry is a breeding-ground for cross-species transmission. Here, the epidemiology of viruses circulating among backyard poultry in Vientiane Province was assessed to guide future control strategies. Oral/tracheal and cloacal swabs, collected from 605 poultry (308 ducks, 297 chickens) between 2011 and 2015, were screened by PCR for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), coronavirus (CoV) and chicken anaemia virus (CAV). Chicken sera were screened for anti-NDV antibodies by ELISA. Statistical and phylogenetic analyses revealed transmission patterns and relationships. Closely related strains co-circulated in chickens and ducks. While CoV RNA was detected in oral/tracheal swabs of 9.3% of the chickens and 2.4% of the ducks, rates were higher in faecal swabs of both species (27.3% and 48.2%). RNA of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and duck CoV was found in faecal swabs of chickens (19.7% and 7.1%) and ducks (4.1% and 44.1%). Moreover, DNA of the generally chicken-specific CAV was detected in oral/tracheal swabs of chickens (18.1%) and, sporadically, of ducks (2.4%). Despite serological evidence of NDV circulation or vaccination (86.9%), NDV RNA was not detected. We found a high prevalence and indication for cross-species transmission of different CoV strains in backyard poultry. Interestingly, ducks served as biological, or at least mechanical, carriers of viral strains closely related not only to IBV, but also to CAV. Bird containment and poultry species separation could be first steps to avoid cross-species transmission and emergence of novel strains with broad host range and enhanced pathogenicity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS High rates of avian viruses were detected by PCR in backyard poultry from Lao PDR. Diverse coronavirus and chicken anemia virus strains co-circulated. Phylogenetic analyses suggested virus transmission between chickens and ducks. Serological evidence of Newcastle disease was found, but viral RNA was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Pauly
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Vannaphone Phoutana
- The Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos - Nabong Campus , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Amphone Keosengthong
- The Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos - Nabong Campus , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Aurélie Sausy
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Latdavone Khenkha
- Lao-Lux-Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Laos , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | - Bounthome Samountry
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, University of Health Sciences , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Prapan Jutavijittum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Keooudomphone Vilivong
- National Centre for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Lao Ministry of Health , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Judith M Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Antony P Black
- Lao-Lux-Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Laos , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Sisavath Pommasichan
- The Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos - Nabong Campus , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg.,Lao-Lux-Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Laos , Vientiane , Lao People's Democratic Republic.,Laboratoire National de Santé , Dudelange , Luxembourg
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17
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Chicken anemia virus in northern Vietnam: molecular characterization reveals multiple genotypes and evidence of recombination. Virus Genes 2019; 55:643-653. [PMID: 31290064 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) has a ubiquitous and worldwide distribution in the chicken production industry. Our group previously reported a high seroprevalence of CAV in chickens from northern Vietnam. In the present study, tissue samples collected from a total of 330 broiler and breeder commercial chickens in eleven provinces of northern Vietnam were tested for CAV infection. All samples were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased birds. The CAV genome was detected in 157 out of 330 (47.58%) chicken samples by real-time PCR. The rate of CAV genome detection in young chickens at 2-3 weeks of age (61.43%), which had not been previously reported in Vietnam, was significantly higher than that in older chickens at 4-11 (44.83%) and 12-28 (35.71%) weeks of age. For nine representative CAV strains from broiler chickens, analysis of the entire protein-coding region of the viral genome was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene indicated that the CAVs circulating in northern Vietnam were divided into three distinct genotypes: II, III, and V. Only one of the nine Vietnamese CAV strains clustered with a vaccine strain (Del-Ros), whereas the other eight strains did not cluster with any vaccine strains. Among the three genotypes, genotype III was most widely found in northern Vietnam and this included three sub-genotypes (IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc). The Vietnamese CAV strains were closely related to the Chinese, Taiwanese, and USA strains. One strain was defined to be of genotype V, which is a newly reported CAV genotype. Moreover, recombination analysis suggests that this novel genotype V was generated by recombination between genotype II and sub-genotype IIIc.
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18
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Su Q, Wang T, Meng F, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Synergetic pathogenicity of Newcastle disease vaccines LaSota strain and contaminated chicken infectious anemia virus. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1985-1992. [PMID: 30566627 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-attenuated vaccine has been widely used to prevent ND in poultry flocks, while many reports also mentioned the exogenous virus contamination in attenuated vaccines, which might be the reason for the widespread of some contagious diseases. Recently, the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) contamination in the NDV-attenuated vaccine was also found in China, though no systemic study has studied the pathogenicity or infection mechanism of this special transmission route. Accordingly, simulation experiments were launched using CIAV isolated from a contaminated NDV-attenuated vaccine. Results showed that using NDV-attenuated vaccine contaminated with CIAV could cause CIA in chickens with obvious symptoms, including anemia, hemorrhage, lymphoatrophy, and growth retardation, while the synergistic reaction of CIAV and LaSota prompted their multiplication in vivo and disturbed the production of antibodies against each other. And CIAV could significantly reduce the NDV antibody titers and decrease the protective effectiveness. This study showed the synergetic pathogenicity of CIAV and LaSota strain after using contaminated NDV-attenuated vaccine, helping us to understand how the CIAV causes infection and induces severe diseases with a relatively low dose through the mouth, as well as reminding us that the damage of an attenuated vaccine contaminated with CIAV even in extremely low dose is not insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
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19
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Fang L, Zhen Y, Su Q, Zhu H, Guo X, Zhao P. Efficacy of CpG-ODN and Freund's immune adjuvants on antibody responses induced by chicken infectious anemia virus VP1, VP2, and VP3 subunit proteins. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1121-1126. [PMID: 30376069 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus is an important pathogen that causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in chickens, leading to serious economic losses worldwide in the poultry industry. However, no commercialized inactivated vaccine, subunit vaccine, or genetically engineered vaccine that is effective for controlling this virus is available. In this study, 3 recombinant plasmids were constructed to produce corresponding viral proteins in an Escherichia coli system. The immune effects of the subunit proteins accompanied by CpG-ODN or Freund's immune adjuvants were evaluated and analyzed in systemic animal experiments. The results showed that VP1 induced the highest antibody titers with the participation of VP2 protein, indicating better protection under combined treatment, and the CpG-ODN adjuvant induced higher antibody titers and smaller dispersion of antibody titers than Freund's adjuvants. This is the first study to demonstrate that VP1 protein formulated with VP2 and CpG-ODN adjuvant can induce highest antibody titers and markedly enhance the immune response, indicating its promise as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Zhen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
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20
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Yu M, Xing L, Chang F, Bao Y, Wang S, He X, Wang J, Wang S, Liu Y, Farooque M, Pan Q, Wang Y, Gao L, Qi X, Hussain A, Li K, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y. Genomic sequence and pathogenicity of the first avian metapneumovirus subtype B isolated from chicken in China. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:32-38. [PMID: 30593377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), which has been reported in many countries, causes an acute upper respiratory tract disease in chickens and turkeys. Although aMPV was first detected in China in 1999, there has been no further effort to isolate and characterize the aMPV subtype B (aMPV/B) from field outbreaks. In the present study, we used Vero cells to culture a viral strain, LN16, isolated from chickens with swollen head syndrome. The results of RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescent antibody, and G gene sequence analyses confirmed that strain LN16 corresponds to aMPV/B. We amplified and sequenced the complete genome of strain LN16 and found it to be 13,513 nucleotides in length. Nine viral protein genes of the strain were between 93.2% and 98.4% identical to those of the pathogenic field isolate VCO3/60616. However, insertions and deletions were detected in the intergenic regions. Animal experiments showed that 72.7% of chickens infected with strain LN16 had excess mucus, nasal discharge, and inflammation in the lungs and turbinate. In addition, 27.2% of chickens infected with LN16 shed progeny virions. Viral tissue distribution analysis showed that aMPV could be detected in the turbinate and occasionally in immune organs. This is the first report of the isolation of aMPV/B in China and the first complete genome sequence of aMPV/B from chicken. These findings enrich the epidemiological data on aMPV and may contribute to the development of effective measures to prevent its further spread in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Lixiao Xing
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yuanling Bao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xijun He
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Shida Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Muhammad Farooque
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Altaf Hussain
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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Li Y, Hu Y, Cui S, Fu J, Wang Y, Cui Z, Fang L, Chang S, Zhao P. Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus from contaminated live-virus vaccines. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1045-1051. [PMID: 27811322 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate possible causes of the pervasiveness of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infection in chickens in recent years in China. A total of 14 batches of live-virus vaccines were examined using PCR to detect CIAV contamination, of which only 2 samples (a Newcastle disease vaccine and a fowl pox vaccine) tested positive for CIAV. These Newcastle and fowl pox vaccines were then inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Serum samples were collected from chickens infected with the PCR-positive vaccines, and these tested positive for CIAV-specific antibodies as tested using ELISA. In addition, DNA samples isolated from the serum samples also tested positive by PCR. The results indicated that the samples were contaminated with CIAV and identified 2 exogenous CIAV strains, designated CIAV-N22 and CIAV-F10, in the respective samples. The full genome sequences of these novel CIAV strains were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the CIAV-F10 strain might represent a recombinant viral strain arising from the parental CIAV strains JQ690762 and KJ728816. Overall, the results suggested that vaccination with CIAV-contaminated vaccines contributed to the prevalence and spread of CIAV infection in chickens. Furthermore, the CIAV contaminant was likely subsequently transmitted to commercial chickens through congenital transmission. Our findings therefore highlight the need for more extensive screening of live-virus vaccines for poultry in China to reduce the threat of contamination with exogenous viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jiayuan Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lichun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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22
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Abdel-Mawgod S, Adel A, Arafa AS, Hussein HA. Full genome sequences of chicken anemia virus demonstrate mutations associated with pathogenicity in two different field isolates in Egypt. Virusdisease 2018; 29:333-341. [PMID: 30159368 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important pathogen associated with immunosuppression in chicken. In this study, out of samples collected from 115 commercial poultry farms, 12 samples were CAV positive by PCR. Partial sequence and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene revealed that the detected viruses were clustered to genotype I (n = 3) and genotype II (n = 9). Motifs of both low (E144) and high pathogenic strains (T89, I125, Q141) were found in the three viruses of genotype I. Whereas genotype II viruses demonstrated the characteristic motifs of highly pathogenic strains (I75, T89, I125, Q141, and Q144). Three isolates representative of both genotypes (CAV/CA1, CAV/GZ1 and CAV/SK4) were selected for full genome sequencing and results revealed that the VP2 gene had two substitutions at V153 and E 175, while VP3 gene had only one substitution at C118. To evaluate virus pathogenicity, two isolates from each genotype (CAV/SK4 of genotype I and CAV/CA1 of genotype II) were intramuscularly inoculated in two groups of one-day-old specific pathogen free chicks. Eighteen days post inoculation, PCR detected CAV in 75 and 90% of chicks in group I and II; respectively. Mortalities in inoculated chicks were 5 and 20% and packed cell volume values were 0.21 and 0.19; respectively. CAV/CA1 and CAV/SK4 isolates showed pathogenic evidences at the level of genetic (Q141 and 394Q) with variable degree of virulence. In conclusion, the study reports the circulation of at least two genotypes of CAV among chicken population with mutation associated with pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdel-Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Abdel-Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Hussein A Hussein
- 2Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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23
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Goldberg TL, Clyde VL, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Sibley SD, Wallace R. Severe neurologic disease and chick mortality in crested screamers (Chauna torquata) infected with a novel Gyrovirus. Virology 2018; 520:111-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Ou SC, Lin HL, Liu PC, Huang HJ, Lee MS, Lien YY, Tsai YL. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus from commercial and native chickens in Taiwan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1493-1501. [PMID: 29691993 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) is a disease with a highly economic impact in the poultry industry. The infected chickens are characterized by aplastic anaemia and extreme immunosuppression, followed by the increased susceptibility to secondary infectious pathogens and suboptimal immune responses for vaccination. Commercially available CIA vaccines are routinely used in the breeders in Taiwan to protect their progeny with maternal-derived antibodies. However, CIA cases still occur in the field and little is known about the genetic characteristics of Taiwanese chicken anaemia viruses (CAVs). In this study, CAV DNA was detected in 72 of 137 flocks collected during 2010-2015. Among the PCR-positive samples, the coding regions of 51 CAVs were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene revealed that, although most of Taiwanese CAVs belonged to genotypes II and III, some isolates were clustered into a novel genotype (genotype IV). Moreover, a Taiwanese isolate in this novel genotype IV appeared to be derived from a recombination event between genotypes II and III viruses. Five Taiwanese CAV isolates were highly similar to the vaccine strains, 26P4 or Del-Ros. Taken together, these results indicate that the sequences of CAVs in Taiwan are variable, and inter-genotypic recombination had occurred between viruses of different genotypes. Moreover, vaccine-like strains might induce clinical signs of CIA in chickens. Our findings could be useful for understanding the evolution of CAVs and development of a better control strategy for CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Ou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H-L Lin
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P-C Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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25
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Abstract
Circular single-stranded DNA viruses infect archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotic organisms. The relatively recent emergence of single-stranded DNA viruses, such as chicken anemia virus (CAV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), as serious pathogens of eukaryotes is due more to growing awareness than to the appearance of new pathogens or alteration of existing pathogens. In the case of the ubiquitous human circular single-stranded DNA virus family Anelloviridae, there is still no convincing direct causal relation to any specific disease. However, infections may play a role in autoimmunity by changing the homeostatic balance of proinflammatory cytokines and the human immune system, indirectly affecting the severity of diseases caused by other pathogens. Infections with CAV (family Anelloviridae, genus Gyrovirus) and PCV2 (family Circoviridae, genus Circovirus) are presented here because they are immunosuppressive and affect health in domesticated animals. CAV shares genomic organization, genomic orientation, and common features of major proteins with human anelloviruses, and PCV2 DNA may be present in human food and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Shulman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; .,Laboratory of Environmental Virology, Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - I Davidson
- Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel;
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26
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Li Y, Fang L, Cui S, Fu J, Li X, Zhang H, Cui Z, Chang S, Shi W, Zhao P. Genomic Characterization of Recent Chicken Anemia Virus Isolates in China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:401. [PMID: 28344576 PMCID: PMC5344997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes diseases in young chickens, which include increased pathogenicity of secondary infectious agents, generalized lymphoid depletion, and immunodepression. In the present study, we have identified 22 CAV strains isolated from several commercial chicken farms in Northern China during 2014–2015. In addition, two CAVs were also isolated from stray mouse and dog feces, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of CAV from mouse and dog feces. Phylogenetic analysis of 121 full-length CAV genome sequences showed that all available CAV could be classified into eight lineages, supported by phylogenetic trees estimated using different methods. Furthermore, the 24 novel CAV sequences scattered across different branches, lack of clear spatio-temporal distribution characterization. Analysis of the 450 amino acids of VP1 protein identified 33 amino acid substitutions that were specific for CAVs from northern China. Putative gene recombination events were also detected in the genomes of newly isolated CAVs. In particular, a putative recombinant event was detected in the CAV-Dog genome with high statistical support. In summary, we established a robust classification system for CAV, revealed additional genomic diversity of CAV, and therefore, warranted additional efforts to explore CAV genomics and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Lichun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Jiayuan Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Taishan Medical College Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
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27
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Genetic Analysis of Two Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Variants-Related Gyrovirus in Stray Mice and Dogs: The First Report in China, 2015. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6707868. [PMID: 28326326 PMCID: PMC5343220 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6707868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes acute viral infection in chickens worldwide. It can infect chickens of all ages, but the disease is seen only in young chickens and is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions in the muscles, atrophic changes in the lymphoid organs, aplastic bone marrow, and immunosuppression causing increased mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that CIAV can be isolated from blood specimens of humans and fecal samples of stray cats. In the present study, two variants of CIAV were isolated from fecal samples of mice (CIAV-Mouse) and stray dogs (CIAV-Dog), respectively. The genome of the two CIAV variants was sequenced and the results of the recombination detection program suggested that the CIAV-Dog strain could be a recombinant viral strain generated from parental CIAV strains, AB119448 and GD-1-12, with high confidence. Particularly, these findings were obtained from the comparison of genetic diversity and the relationship of CIAV between different hosts. This is the first report indicating that there is a significant difference in the number of transcription factor binding sites in CIAV noncoding regions from different hosts. Further studies are required to investigate the large geographic distribution of CIAV and monitor the variants, host range, and associated diseases.
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28
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Ganar K, Shah M, Kamdi BP, Kurkure NV, Kumar S. Molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus outbreaks in Nagpur province, India from 2012 to 2015. Microb Pathog 2017; 102:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Kaffashi A, Eshratabadi F, Shoushtari A. Full-length infectious clone of an Iranian isolate of chicken anemia virus. Virus Genes 2016; 53:312-316. [PMID: 27933433 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An Iranian field strain of chicken anemia virus (CAV), designated IR CAV, was isolated in the Marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line MDCC-MSB1 (MSB1) culture for the first time. The full-length CAV DNA of this strain was cloned in the bacterial plasmid pTZ57R/T to create the molecular clone pTZ-CAV. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of viral proteins of IR CAV were compared with those of representative CAV sequences including reference and commercial vaccine strains. IR CAV was not related to vaccine strains and also found to have glutamine at positions 139 and 144 confirming previous studies in which such mutations were associated with a slow rate of virus spread in cell culture. pTZ-CAV was digested with PstI to release IR CAV DNA and then transfected into MSB1 cell by electroporation. The transfected cells showed cytopathic effect similar to virion-initiated infection. One-day old specific pathogen-free chicks were inoculated with the regenerated virus, which had been obtained from transfected MSB1 cells, and compared with the chicks inoculated with IR CAV. Gross lesions in the birds inoculated with the regenerated virus illustrated the infectious nature of the regenerated virus from the cloned IR CAV DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kaffashi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Hesarak, Karaj, Iran.
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30
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Olszewska-Tomczyk M, Świętoń E, Minta Z, Śmietanka K. Occurrence and Phylogenetic Studies of Chicken Anemia Virus from Polish Broiler Flocks. Avian Dis 2016; 60:70-4. [DOI: 10.1637/11277-091415-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Zeng T, Xie Z, Xie L, Deng X, Xie Z, Luo S, Huang L, Huang J. Simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses using a GeXP analyser-based multiplex PCR assay. Virol J 2015; 12:226. [PMID: 26715327 PMCID: PMC4696179 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive viruses are frequently found as co-infections in the chicken industry, potentially causing serious economic losses. Because traditional molecular biology methods have limited detection ability, a rapid, high-throughput method for the differential diagnosis of these viruses is needed. The objective of this study is to develop a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler Analyser-based multiplex PCR method (GeXP-multiplex PCR) for simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses. RESULTS Using chimeric primers, eight such viruses, including Marek's disease virus (MDV), three subgroups of avian leucosis virus (ALV-A/B/J), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and avian reovirus (ARV), were amplified and identified by their respective amplicon sizes. The specificity and sensitivity of the optimised GeXP-multiplex PCR assay were evaluated, and the data demonstrated that this technique could selectively amplify these eight viruses at a sensitivity of 100 copies/20 μl when all eight viruses were present. Among 300 examined clinical specimens, 190 were found to be positive for immunosuppressive viruses according to this novel assay. CONCLUSION The GeXP-multiplex PCR assay is a high-throughput, sensitive and specific method for the detection of eight immunosuppressive viruses and can be used for differential diagnosis and molecular epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China.
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
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32
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Zhang X, Wu B, Liu Y, Chen W, Dai Z, Bi Y, Xie Q. Assessing the efficacy of an inactivated chicken anemia virus vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:1916-22. [PMID: 25758933 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes chicken infectious anemia (CIA) which is a highly contagious avian disease. CAV causes major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The current CAV vaccine is a live attenuated strain administered in the drinking water that risks horizontal infection of other chickens. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel vaccine against CAV that can be administered safely using a highly pathogenic isolate inactivated with β-propiolactone hydrolysis that would protect chicks from CAV. METHODS Hens were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a novel CAV GD-G-12 inactivated vaccine and the humoral immune responses of the hens and offspring were monitored by ELISA. A heterologous intramuscular challenge using the CAV strain GD-E-12 was conducted in the chicks hatched from vaccinated or unvaccinated hens. RESULTS The vaccine strain, GD-G-12, was shown to be highly pathogenic prior to inactivation evidenced by thymic atrophy and bleeding, and weight loss. The inactivated vaccine was considered safe and showed no signs of pathogenicity. High titers of CAV specific antibodies were detected in the vaccinated hens and in their chicks, indicating vertical transfer of maternal antibodies. Furthermore, the chicks hatched from vaccinated hens were resistant to a heterologous CAV challenge and showed no signs of weight loss and thymic atrophy and bleeding. CONCLUSION Our studies are proof of principle that inactivated GD-G-12 might be a novel vaccine candidate to prevent CAV infection, and highlight the utility of using an inactivated virus for this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Boliang Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yuanjia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhenkai Dai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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33
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Trinh DQ, Ogawa H, Bui VN, Baatartsogt T, Kizito MK, Yamaguchi S, Imai K. Characterization of mAbs to chicken anemia virus and epitope mapping on its viral protein, VP1. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1086-1097. [PMID: 25568186 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three (MoCAV/F2, MoCAV/F8 and MoCAV/F11) of four mouse mAbs established against the A2/76 strain of chicken anemia virus (CAV) showed neutralization activity. Immunoprecipitation showed a band at ~50 kDa in A2/76-infected cell lysates by neutralizing mAbs, corresponding to the 50 kDa capsid protein (VP1) of CAV, and the mAbs reacted with recombinant VP1 proteins expressed in Cos7 cells. MoCAV/F2 and MoCAV/F8 neutralized the 14 CAV strains tested, whereas MoCAV/F11 did not neutralize five of the strains, indicating distinct antigenic variation amongst the strains. In blocking immunofluorescence tests with the A2/76-infected cells, binding of MoCAV/F11 was not inhibited by the other mAbs. MoCAV/F2 inhibited the binding of MoCAV/F8 to the antigens and vice versa, suggesting that the two mAbs recognized the same epitope. However, mutations were found in different parts of VP1 of the escape mutants of each mAb: EsCAV/F2 (deletion of T89+A90), EsCAV/F8 (I261T) and EsCAV/F11 (E144G). Thus, the epitopes recognized by MoCAV/F2 and MoCAV/F8 seemed to be topographically close in the VP1 structure, suggesting that VP1 has at least two different neutralizing epitopes. However, MoCAV/F8 did not react with EsCAV/F2 or EsCAV/F8, suggesting that binding of MoCAV/F8 to the epitope requires coexistence of the epitope recognized by MoCAV/F2. In addition, MoCAV/F2, with a titre of 1 : 12 800 to the parent strain, neutralized EsCAV/F2 and EsCAV/F8 with low titres of 32 and 152, respectively. The similarity of the reactivity of MoCAV/F2 and MoCAV/F8 to VP1 may also suggest the existence of a single epitope recognized by these mAbs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Chicken anemia virus/genetics
- Chicken anemia virus/immunology
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Epitope Mapping
- Immunoprecipitation
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neutralization Tests
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Q Trinh
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Vuong N Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tugsbaatar Baatartsogt
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mugimba K Kizito
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yamaguchi
- Japan Livestock Technology Association, 3-20-9 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus circulating in chicken flocks in egypt. Adv Virol 2014; 2014:797151. [PMID: 25302064 PMCID: PMC4180199 DOI: 10.1155/2014/797151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Although many previous studies reported detection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in Egypt since 1990, genomic characterization of this circulating CAV has not been published. In the present study, four nucleotide sequences of detected CAV were genetically characterized. Methods. These nucleotide sequences were obtained from commercial chicken flocks in two different locations of Egypt during 2010. The target region for sequencing was 675 bp nucleotide of partial coding region of VP1 protein. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the detected CAV were aligned and compared to worldwide CAV isolates including commonly used vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences was also carried out. Results. Our results showed that all the Egyptian CAV sequences were grouped in one group with viruses from diverse geographic regions. This group is characterized by amino acids profile 75I, 97L, 139Q, and 144Q in VP1. The phylogenetic and amino acid analyses of deduced amino acid indicated that the detected CAV sequences differ from CAV vaccine strains. Conclusion. This is the first report that describes molecular characterization of circulating CAV in Egypt. The study showed that the detected CAV, in Egypt are field viruses and unrelated to vaccine strains.
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Novel Gyroviruses, including Chicken Anaemia Virus, in Clinical and Chicken Samples from South Africa. Adv Virol 2014; 2014:321284. [PMID: 24876841 PMCID: PMC4022007 DOI: 10.1155/2014/321284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Chicken anaemia virus, CAV, was until recently the only member of the Gyrovirus genus. 6 novel gyroviruses, AGV2, HGyV1, and GyV3-6, have since been discovered in human and chicken samples. Methods. PCR amplification of the VP2 gene was used to detect AGV2/HGyV1, GyV3, and CAV in a range of clinical samples including stool, respiratory, CSF, and HIV-positive plasma. Screening of fresh local chicken meat was also performed. Results. AGV2/HGyV1 or GyV3 was detected in stools from healthy children (17/49, 34.7%) and patients with diarrhoea (22/149, 14.8%). 1.2% (3/246) nasopharyngeal respiratory samples were positive. No AGV2/HGyV1 or GyV3 was detected in nasal swabs from wheezing patients, in CSF from patients with meningitis, and in HIVpositive plasma. CAV was found in 51% (25/49) of stools from healthy children and 16% (24/149) in diarrhoea samples. Screening of 28 chicken samples showed a higher prevalence of gyrovirus (20/28, 71%) compared to CAV (1/28, 3.6%). Phylogenetic analysis of the CAV VP1 gene showed South African sequences clustering with Brazilian isolates from genotypes D2 and A2. Conclusion. Novel gyroviruses, including CAV, are present in the South African population with diarrhoea and respiratory illness as well as in healthy children. Their presence suggests an origin from chicken meat consumption.
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Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus in southern China from 2011 to 2012. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3519. [PMID: 24343380 PMCID: PMC3865467 DOI: 10.1038/srep03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important pathogen that causes severe immunosuppression in young chickens. We have characterized 13 CAVs isolated from different commercial farms in southern China between 2011 and 2012. We discovered 92 variable residues compared to 37 other CAV complete genome sequences from other parts of the world listed in GenBank; these residues have not been previously observed. All of the Chinese CAV genomes that were characterized in this study had a glutamine at position 394, a hallmark of highly pathogenic CAVs. We also discovered that intra-group genetic recombination plays a role in generating genetic diversity in natural populations of CAV. The GD-J-12 isolate was a possible recombinant between GD-C-12 and GD-M-12 in the genomic region that encompassed both the coding and non-coding regions.
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37
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Kye SJ, Kim JY, Seul HJ, Kim S, Kim SE, Lee HS, Sorn S, Choi KS. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic characterization of chicken anemia virus isolates from Cambodia. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2681-6. [PMID: 24046415 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three chicken anemia viruses (CAV) were detected by PCR during screening of field samples from village chickens collected in Cambodia in 2011/2012. Nearly full-length VP1 viral structural protein genes (nt 1-1,293) from the 3 CAV were sequenced and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 3 of the Cambodian CAV were clustered with CAV strains belonging to genotype II and were most closely related to CAV strains from Guangdong province, China. On the amino acid level, major substitutions were observed at 12 residues in the VP1 protein (positions 22, 75, 97, 125, 139, 144, 254, 287, 290, 370, 376, and 413) when compared with published reference CAV strains. In motifs associated with virulence, all Cambodian CAV had virulence-associated motifs composed of 75I, 89T, 125I, 139Q, 141Q, 144Q, and 394Q, which are commonly found in highly virulent genotype II viruses and some genotype III viruses. This is the first report of CAV isolated from village chickens in Southeast Asia as well as Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeonggi 430-757, Republic of Korea; and
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Gholami-Ahangaran M, Fathi-Hafshejani E, Seyed-Hosseini R. Seromolecular study of chicken infectious anemia in chickens, ostriches, and turkeys in Iran. J APPL POULTRY RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2012-00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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39
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Epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in Central African Republic and Cameroon. Virol J 2012; 9:189. [PMID: 22958546 PMCID: PMC3495741 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although chicken anemia virus (CAV) has been detected on all continents, little is known about this virus in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to detect and characterize CAV for the first time in Central African Republic and in Cameroon. Results An overall flock seroprevalence of 36.7% was found in Central African Republic during the 2008–2010 period. Virus prevalences were 34.2% (2008), 14.3% (2009) and 10.4% (2010) in Central African Republic and 39% (2007) and 34.9% (2009) in Cameroon. CAV DNA was found in cloacal swabs of 76.9% of seropositive chickens, suggesting that these animals excreted the virus despite antibodies. On the basis of VP1 sequences, most of the strains in Central African Republic and Cameroon belonged to 9 distinct phylogenetic clusters at the nucleotide level and were not intermixed with strains from other continent. Several cases of mixed infections in flocks and individual chickens were identified. Conclusions Our results suggest multiple introductions of CAV in each country that later spread and diverged locally. Mixed genotype infections together with the observation of CAV DNA in cloacal samples despite antibodies suggest a suboptimal protection by antibodies or virus persistence.
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Lien YY, Huang CH, Sun FC, Sheu SC, Lu TC, Lee MS, Hsueh SC, Chen HJ, Lee MS. Development and characterization of a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against capsid protein VP1 of the chicken anemia virus. J Vet Sci 2012; 13:73-9. [PMID: 22437539 PMCID: PMC3317461 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important viral pathogen that causes anemia and severe immunodeficiency syndrome in chickens worldwide. In this study, a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against the CAV VP1 protein was developed which can precisely recognize the CAV antigen for diagnostic and virus recovery purposes. The VP1 gene of CAV encoding the N-terminus-deleted VP1 protein, VP1Nd129, was cloned into an Escherichia (E.) coli expression vector. After isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyronoside induction, VP1Nd129 protein was shown to be successfully expressed in the E. coli. By performing an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay using two coating antigens, purified VP1Nd129 and CAV-infected liver tissue lysate, E3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was found to have higher reactivity against VP1 protein than the other positive clones according to the result of limiting dilution method from 64 clones. Using immunohistochemistry, the presence of the VP1-specific mAb, E3, was confirmed using CAV-infected liver and thymus tissues as positive-infected samples. Additionally, CAV particle purification was also performed using an immunoaffinity column containing E3 mAb. The monoclonal E3 mAb developed in this study will not only be very useful for detecting CAV infection and performing histopathology studies of infected chickens, but may also be used to purify CAV particles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Gholami-Ahangaran M, Zia-Jahromi N. Chicken anemia virus infection in broiler chickens vaccinated and not vaccinated for avian influenza in Iran. J APPL POULTRY RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2011-00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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42
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Lee MS, Sun FC, Huang CH, Lien YY, Feng SH, Lai GH, Lee MS, Chao J, Chen HJ, Tzen JTC, Cheng HY. Efficient production of an engineered apoptin from chicken anemia virus in a recombinant E. coli for tumor therapeutic applications. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:27. [PMID: 22672291 PMCID: PMC3443062 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptin, a nonstructural protein encoded by the VP3 gene of chicken anemia virus (CAV), has been shown to not only induce apoptosis when introduced into the precursors of chicken thymocytes, but has been found to specifically kill human cancer cells, tumor cell and transformed cells without affecting the proliferation of normal cells. This tumor-specific apoptotic characteristic of the protein potentially may allow the development of a protein drug that has applications in tumor therapy. However, several major problems, which include poor expression and poor protein solubility, have hampered the production of apoptin in bacteria. Results Significantly increased expression of recombinant full-length apoptin that originated from chicken anemia virus was demonstrated using an E. coli expression system. The CAV VP3 gene was fused with a synthetic sequence containing a trans-acting activator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain (PTD). The resulting construct was cloned into various different expression vectors and these were then expressed in various E. coli strains. The expression of the TAT-Apoptin in E. coli was significantly increased when TAT-Apoptin was fused with GST-tag rather than a His-tag. When the various rare amino acid codons of apoptin were optimized, the expression level of the GST-TAT-Apoptinopt in E. coli BL21(DE3) was significantly further increased. The highest protein expression level obtained was 8.33 g/L per liter of bacterial culture after induction with 0.1 mM IPTG for 4 h at 25 °C. Moreover, approximately 90% of the expressed GST-TAT-Apoptinopt under these conditions was soluble. After purification by GST affinity chromatography, the purified recombinant TAT-Apoptinopt protein was used to evaluate the recombinant protein’s apoptotic activity on tumor cells. The results demonstrated that the E. coli-expressed GST-TAT-apoptinopt showed apoptotic activity and was able to induce human premyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells to enter apoptosis. Conclusions On expression in E. coli, purified recombinant TAT-Apoptinopt that has been fused to a GST tag and had its codons optimized, was found to have great potential. This protein may in the future allow the development of a therapeutic protein that is able to specifically kill tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402Taiwan, Republic of China
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43
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Phan TG, Li L, O'Ryan MG, Cortes H, Mamani N, Bonkoungou IJO, Wang C, Leutenegger CM, Delwart E. A third gyrovirus species in human faeces. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1356-1361. [PMID: 22422066 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.041731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Until 2011 the genus Gyrovirus in the family Circoviridae consisted of a single virus (Chicken anemia virus or CAV) causing a common immunosuppressive disease in chickens when a second gyrovirus (HGyV) was reported on the skin of 4 % of healthy humans. HGyV is very closely related to a recently described chicken gyrovirus, AGV2, suggesting that they belong to the same viral species. During a viral metagenomic analysis of 100 human faeces from children with diarrhoea in Chile we identified multiple known human pathogens (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, noroviruses, parechoviruses and rotaviruses) and a novel gyrovirus species we named GyV3 sharing <63 % similarity with other gyrovirus proteins with evidence of recombination with CAV in its UTR. Gyroviridae consensus PCR revealed a high prevalence of CAV DNA in diarrhoea and normal faeces from Chilean children and faeces of USA cats and dogs, which may reflect consumption of CAV-infected/vaccinated chickens. Whether GyV3 can infect humans and/or chickens requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung G Phan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.,Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.,Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Miguel G O'Ryan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Cortes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nora Mamani
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Chunling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Eric Delwart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.,Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Cheng JH, Sheu SC, Lien YY, Lee MS, Chen HJ, Su WH, Lee MS. Identification of the NLS and NES motifs of VP2 from chicken anemia virus and the interaction of VP2 with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:15. [PMID: 22309683 PMCID: PMC3295642 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background VP2 of chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a dual-specificity phosphatase required for virus infection, assembly and replication. The functions of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) of VP2 in the cell, however, are poorly understood. Our study identified the presence of a NLS in VP2 and showed that the protein interacted significantly with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) in the cell. Results An arginine-lysine rich NLS could be predicted by software and spanned from amino acids 133 to 138 of VP2. The critical amino acids residues between positions 136 and 138, and either residue 133 or 134 are important for nuclear import in mammalian cells based on systematic mutagenesis. A NES is also predicted in VP2; however the results suggest that no functional NES is present and that this protein is CRM1 independent. It was also shown that VP2 is a chromatin binding protein and, notably, using a co-immunoprecipitation assay, it was found that VP2 association with MCM3 and that this interaction does not require DSP activity. Conclusions VP2 contains a NLS that span from amino acids 133 to 138. VP2 is a CRM1 independent protein during nuclear export and associates with MCM3 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Hong Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Eltahir YM, Qian K, Jin W, Qin A. Analysis of chicken anemia virus genome: evidence of intersubtype recombination. Virol J 2011; 8:512. [PMID: 22073985 PMCID: PMC3231987 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is the causative agent of chicken infectious anemia. CAV putative intergenotypic recombinants have been reported previously. This fact is based on the previous classification of CAV sequences into three genotypes. However, it is unknown whether intersubtype recombination occurs between the recently reported four CAV genotypes and five subtypes of genome sequences. Results Phylogenetic analysis, together with a variety of computational recombination detection algorithms, was used to investigate CAV approximately full genomes. Statistically significant evidence of intersubtype recombination was detected in the parent-like and two putative CAV recombinant sequences. This event was shown to occur between CAV subgroup A1 and A2 sequences in the phylogenetic trees. Conclusions We revealed that intersubtype recombination in CAV genome sequences played a role in generating genetic diversity within the natural population of CAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir M Eltahir
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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Lee MS, Hseu YC, Lai GH, Chang WT, Chen HJ, Huang CH, Lee MS, Wang MY, Kao JY, You BJ, Lin WH, Lien YY, Lin MK. High yield expression in a recombinant E. coli of a codon optimized chicken anemia virus capsid protein VP1 useful for vaccine development. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:56. [PMID: 21781331 PMCID: PMC3157419 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken anemia virus (CAV), the causative agent chicken anemia, is the only member of the genus Gyrovirus of the Circoviridae family. CAV is an immune suppressive virus and causes anemia, lymph organ atrophy and immunodeficiency. The production and biochemical characterization of VP1 protein and its use in a subunit vaccine or as part of a diagnostic kit would be useful to CAV infection prevention. Results Significantly increased expression of the recombinant full-length VP1 capsid protein from chicken anemia virus was demonstrated using an E. coli expression system. The VP1 gene was cloned into various different expression vectors and then these were expressed in a number of different E. coli strains. The expression of CAV VP1 in E. coli was significantly increased when VP1 was fused with GST protein rather than a His-tag. By optimizing the various rare amino acid codons within the N-terminus of the VP1 protein, the expression level of the VP1 protein in E. coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS was further increased significantly. The highest protein expression level obtained was 17.5 g/L per liter of bacterial culture after induction with 0.1 mM IPTG for 2 h. After purification by GST affinity chromatography, the purified full-length VP1 protein produced in this way was demonstrated to have good antigenicity and was able to be recognized by CAV-positive chicken serum in an ELISA assay. Conclusions Purified recombinant VP1 protein with the gene's codons optimized in the N-terminal region has potential as chimeric protein that, when expressed in E. coli, may be useful in the future for the development of subunit vaccines and diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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47
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Eltahir YM, Qian K, Jin W, Wang P, Qin A. Molecular epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in commercial farms in China. Virol J 2011; 8:145. [PMID: 21447189 PMCID: PMC3074533 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is the causative agent of chicken infectious anemia (CIA). A high prevalence of CAV has been reported in China. However, VP1 sequences of Chinese isolates show no clear genotype clustering or correlation with geographic origin. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect and characterize CAV isolates from China based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP1, VP2 and VP3 genes. Results Of 460 spleen samples tested by PCR, 47 (10.22%) were found to be positive for CAV. A total of 25 CAV, approximately full genomes, from different commercial farms were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese CAV sequences together with strains from different countries resulted in four distinct groups (A-D) with significant high bootstrap values. The Chinese viral sequences were located as four different clusters within groups A and D. All the Chinese CAV genomes characterized in this study had glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 394, which indicated that all are highly pathogenic. Mutations associated with attenuation and weaker reactivity with monoclonal antibody 2A9 were absent in the Chinese sequences. Conclusions We revealed that CAV prevalence was lower than that reported previously in commercial farms in China. We also showed four distinct sequence groups (A-D), and genetic variability in local CAV sequences that could be divided into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir M Eltahir
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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48
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Kim HR, Kwon YK, Bae YC, Oem JK, Lee OS. Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia viruses detected from breeder and broiler chickens in South Korea. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2426-31. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Huang CH, Lai GH, Lee MS, Lin WH, Lien YY, Hsueh SC, Kao JY, Chang WT, Lu TC, Lin WN, Chen HJ, Lee MS. Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of chicken anaemia virus. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:917-924. [PMID: 19737344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) causes an economically important viral disease in chickens worldwide. The main aim of this study was to establish a rapid, sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detecting CAV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS A set of four specific LAMP primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the CAV VP2 gene, which encodes a nonstructural protein. These were used for the amplification of a specific target region of the VP2 gene. LAMP amplicons were successfully amplified and detected by DNA electrophoresis and by direct naked eye SYBR Green I visualization. A sensitivity test systematically demonstrated that the LAMP assay was superior to a conventional PCR assay with a minimum concentration limit of 100 fg compared to 10 ng for the conventional PCR. The specificity of the LAMP assay for CAV detection is consistent with conventional PCR. Using this established LAMP assay, infected and uninfected clinical samples obtained from an experimental farm were fully verified. CONCLUSIONS A novel nucleic acid-based approach of LAMP assay was successfully developed for detecting CAV infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, these results indicate that the developed LAMP assay herein for CAV detection is a time-effective, simple, sensitive and specific test that can be used as an alternative approach in the future for large-scaled diagnosis on the farm of CAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - G-H Lai
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-H Lin
- Master Degree Program, PhD Program, School of Pharmacy Undergraduate Program, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - S-C Hsueh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - J-Y Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-T Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T-C Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-N Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Mingchi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee MS, Lien YY, Feng SH, Huang RL, Tsai MC, Chang WT, Chen HJ. Production of chicken anemia virus (CAV) VP1 and VP2 protein expressed by recombinant Escherichia coli. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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