1
|
Liu Z, Tang G, Peng Y, Lan J, Xian Y, Tian X, Chen D. The short fiber knobs of human adenovirus in species F elicit cross-neutralizing antibody responses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35783. [PMID: 39170224 PMCID: PMC11337035 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) type 40 in species F (HAdV-F40) and HAdV-F41 represent the third most prevalent causative agents of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, following norovirus and rotavirus. Despite their significant contribution to global child morbidity, vaccines to preemptively combat these viruses remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the potential for cross-neutralization between HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 using immune sera with the short fiber knob (SFK). We implemented a series of assays to evaluate the responses, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent, micro-neutralization, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results demonstrate that immune sera with HAdV-F40 SFK or HAdV-F41 SFK could effectively neutralize both HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41, indicating a mutual cross-neutralizing effect. Notably, the immune sera with HAdV-F40 SFK demonstrated a stronger neutralization effect, suggesting the potential to develop a subunit vaccine that can simultaneously counteract both viruses. These findings underscore the potential of SFK immunization in evoking a cross-neutralizing antibody response between HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41. This suggests a promising avenue for developing subunit vaccines against HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 and provides a novel perspective on the potential of neutralizing antibodies to protect against these two types of HAdV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guolu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixian Lan
- Guangdong Sanmai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Xian
- Guangdong Sanmai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khales P, Razizadeh MH, Ghorbani S, Moattari A, Sarvari J, Saadati H, Sayyahfar S, Salavatiha Z, Hasanabad MH, Poortahmasebi V, Tavakoli A. Human adenoviruses in children with gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:478. [PMID: 38724898 PMCID: PMC11084101 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have always been suggested as one of the main causes of gastroenteritis in children. However, no comprehensive report on the global epidemiology of these viruses in pediatric gastroenteritis is available. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to obtain published papers from 2003 to 2023 in three main databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS The estimated global pooled prevalence of HAdV infection in children with gastroenteritis was 10% (95% CI: 9-11%), with a growing trend after 2010. The highest prevalence was observed in Africa (20%, 95% CI: 14-26%). The prevalence was higher in inpatients (11%; 95% CI: 8-13%) and patients aged 5 years old and younger (9%; 95% CI: 7-10%). However, no significant difference was observed between male and female patients (P = 0.63). The most prevalent species was found to be the species F (57%; 95% CI: 41-72%). The most common HAdVs observed in children with gastroenteritis were types 40/41, 38, and 2. Analysis of case-control studies showed an association between HAdV and gastroenteritis in children (OR: 2.28, 95% CI; 1.51-3.44). CONCLUSION This study provided valuable insights into the importance of HAdVs in children with gastroenteritis, especially in hospitalized and younger children. The results can be used in future preventive measurements and the development of effective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu L, Zhong H, Xu M, Jia R, Liu P, Su L, Cao L, Zhu X, Xu J. Diversity of classic and novel human astrovirus in outpatient children with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1265843. [PMID: 38029144 PMCID: PMC10679754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human astrovirus (HAstV) is an important pathogen of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. This study was aimed at investigating the diversity and epidemiology of classic and novel HAstV in outpatient children aged 0-16 years old with AGE in Shanghai. Methods From May 2020 to December 2022, a total of 1,482 stool samples were collected from children diagnosed as AGE from the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. HAstV was identified using pan-astrovirus consensus primers by Reverse transcription PCR. Results During the study period, 3.3% (49/1,482) of specimens were identified as HAstV, with a detection rate of 2.5% (37/1,482) for classic HAstV and 0.8% (12/1,482) for novel HAstV. Among the 12 novel HAstV strains, 11 (91.7%) belonged to the HAstV-MLB and 1 (8.3%) was HAstV-VA. Genotyping revealed six circulating genotypes. Strain HAstV-1 was predominant in the study population with a detection rate of 1.8% (26/1,482) followed by HAstV-MLB1 (0.7%, 10/1,482) and HAstV-4 (0.6%, 9/1,482). Of note, all the HAstV-4 strains detected in this study were close to one astrovirus strain isolated from Bactrian camels with 99.0-100.0% amino acid sequences identity. In this study, HAstV was detected in all age groups with the highest detection rate of HAstV-positive specimens observed in children older than 73 months (5.7%, 12/209). Discussion This study provided useful information and contributed to the molecular epidemiology of both classic and novel HAstV, which were simultaneously characterized and reported for the first time in Shanghai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunhua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farahmand M, Khales P, Salavatiha Z, Sabaei M, Hamidzade M, Aminpanah D, Tavakoli A. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of human astrovirus in gastroenteritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023:106209. [PMID: 37385570 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Human astrovirus (HAstV) is an important causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans, which mainly infects young children and the elderly. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of HAstV amongst patients with gastroenteritis, and to shed light on the connection between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis. METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted to identify all potentially relevant studies recorded up to April 8th, 2022. For study weighting, the inverse variance method was employed and the random-effects model was applied to evaluate data. For case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to establish the relationship between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis. RESULTS Among 302423 gastroenteritis patients from 69 different countries, the overall pooled prevalence of HAstV infection was 3.48% (95% CI: 3.11%-3.89%). Case-control approach was used in 39 investigations, and the overall prevalence of HAstV infection among the 11342 healthy controls was 2.01% (95% CI: 1.40%-2.89%). Gastroenteritis and HAstV infection were associated with a pooled OR of 2.16 (95% CI: 1.72-2.71; P < 0.0001; I2 = 33.7%). The most commonly found HAstV genotypes in gastroenteritis patients were HAstV1 (62.18%), HAstV7 (33.33%), and HAstV-MLB1 (17.43%). CONCLUSION The frequency of HAstV infection was the highest in children under the age of five, and in developing countries. The prevalence rate of HAstV was not influenced by gender. Semi-nested and nested RT-PCR were highly sensitive assays for detecting HAstV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sabaei
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hamidzade
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danesh Aminpanah
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu L, Jia R, Zhong H, Duan S, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Xu J. Surveillance and epidemiological characterization of human adenovirus infections among outpatient children with acute gastroenteritis during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China. Virol J 2023; 20:133. [PMID: 37344873 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been recognized as one of the common enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. The aim of this study was carried out to illustrate the epidemiological characterization of HAdV Infections among children younger than 15 years in Shanghai during COVID-19. METHODS During May 2020 and April 2022, 1048 fecal samples were collected from children ≤ 15 years diagnosed with AGE in the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. HAdV was identified by PCR and sequenced with specific primers. All the obtained sequences were analyzed by MEGA (version 6.0). Demographic information and clinical features data were also collected and analyzed. RESULTS In total, 97 (9.3%, 97/1048) samples were detected to be HAdV during May 2020 and April 2022. We found an atypical upsurge in HAdV infection in the year 2021 after a major suppression in the year 2020. Approximately 84.5% (82/97) of HAdV-infected children were aged 0-60 months. Among the 97 HAdV-positive samples, only two species and five genotypes were detected. HAdV-F (88.7%, 86/97) was the most prevalent species and HAdV-F41 (87.6%, 85/97) was the most common genotype. Diarrhea, vomiting, and fever were the main clinical manifestations in children infected with HAdV. The children aged from 0 to 12 months showed simpler patterns of clinical presentation than those of children older than 13 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings described the epidemiological changes of HAdV infection in children with AGE during the COVID-19, which further underscored the importance of continuous surveillance of HAdV at both local and global scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shuohua Duan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan NU, Shamsullah, Shahidullah, Shah AA, Zaidi SSZ, Chen Z. Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus in Pakistani Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Gastroenteritis under the Age of Five Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12534. [PMID: 36231834 PMCID: PMC9566016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children around the globe. Along with other enteropathogens, human adenovirus (HadV) is a major etiological agent associated with diarrhea in young children. However, information about the epidemiology of Adenoviruses in Pakistan is limited or has not been reported. A total of 1082 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis under the age of five years with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps who visited Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi and Children's hospital in Lahore of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Of this, 384 cases with no blood in their stool, negative for Rotavirus, and under the age of five years were recruited in this study. Human Adenoviruses were isolated in the human epithelial HEp-2 cell line. Furthermore, adenovirus antigen detection was carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and then all positive and negative samples were confirmed by nested PCR. After inoculating a clear stool supernatant on HEp-2 cell lines, we observed a positive cytopathic effect in 65 (16%) cases. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HAdV antigens were detected in 54 (14.06%) of the clear supernatant from gastroenteritis cases. However, HAdV hexon coding regions were amplified in 57 (14.80%) fecal samples, mainly from patients ≤24 months of age. The findings of this study suggest that adenovirus circulates significantly in the children population under the age of five years and may be the potential etiological factor of acute gastroenteritis in the mentioned cities. This study provides baseline data about the possible role of adenovirus in causing viral diarrhea in children. Further large-scale epidemiological surveys are recommended to better understand disease burden, etiological agents, and its clinical impact across the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazif Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shamsullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahidullah
- Khyber Medical College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang G, Zhao RQ, Xiang-Tang, Ren L, Zhang YF, Ding H, Li Y, Wang YN, Li S, Zhang LY, Liu EM, Xu HM, Zhang XA, Liu W. Age specific spectrum of etiological pathogens for viral diarrhea among children in twelve consecutive winter-spring seasons (2009-2021) in China. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3840-3846. [PMID: 35441419 PMCID: PMC9324210 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Viral diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This study was conducted to disclose the etiological cause and epidemiological features of viral diarrhea among children in China. From 2009 to 2021, active surveillance was performed on pediatric patients with acute diarrhea and tested for five enteric viruses. Positive detection was determined in 65.56% (3325/5072) patients and an age‐specific infection pattern was observed. A significantly higher positive rate was observed in 12–23‐month‐old children for rotavirus (47.46%) and adenovirus (7.06%), while a significantly higher positive rate was observed for norovirus (37.62%) in 6–11‐month‐old patients, and for astrovirus (11.60%) and sapovirus (10.79%) in 24–47‐month‐old patients. A higher positive rate of rotavirus in girls and norovirus in boys was observed only among 6–11 months of patients. We also observed more norovirus among patients from rural areas in the 0–5‐ and 36–47‐month groups and more rotavirus among those from rural areas in the 12–23‐month group. Diarrhea severity was greater for rotavirus in the 6–23‐month group and norovirus in the 6–11‐month group. Coinfections were observed in 29.26% (973/3325) of positive patients, and were most frequently observed between rotavirus and others (89.31%). Our findings could help the prediction, prevention, and potential therapeutic approaches to viral diarrhea in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qiu Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R China
| | - Xiang-Tang
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R China
| | - Luo Ren
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R China
| | - Yun-Fa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Heng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - En-Mei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li W, Li W, Li L, Guo Y, Chen J, Shang S, Mao J. Multiplex detection of eight different viral enteropathogens in clinical samples, combining RT-PCR technology with melting curve analysis. Virol J 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 35392937 PMCID: PMC8991609 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early and accurate identification of infection viruses among children can benefit the personalized medical treatment and management, and reduce the future occurrence of serious symptoms. Thus, it is critical to develop a high-throughput multiplex real-time RT-PCR method to improve the accuracy and efficiency in routine clinical lab tests. Methods We developed a real time RT-PCR combined with melting curve analysis (RRCMC) method for simultaneous detection of rotavirus A, B, C, norovirus GI and GII, adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. Results Stool samples were collected from 160 children with acute diarrhea and tested by RRCMC assay. A total of 71 patients were tested positive with norovirus, adenovirus or rotavirus. The RRCMC assay has high specificity. There is no internal cross-reaction among the 8 diarrhea viruses and no cross-reaction of other commonly intestinal pathogens and human genome. The limit detection was ranged from 1 × 102 to 1 × 105 nucleic acid copies/ml for each diarrhea virus. Conclusion The RRCMC method is a suitable rapid clinical test for infectious viruses, with the advantages of high-throughput, low cost, high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Jiangsu Bioperfectus Biotechnology Technologies Co, LTD, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng road, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Low Frequency of Adenovirus, Rotavirus, and Norovirus in Pediatric Diarrheal Samples from Central Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.118470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute viral gastroenteritis is a disorder that affects children globally but mostly in developing countries. Adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses are the leading viral causes of childhood gastroenteritis. Objectives: This study is the first to investigate the frequency of these viruses in diarrheal samples from pediatric patients living in central Iran. Methods: A total of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, from May 2015 to May 2016, were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The samples were analyzed using in-house developed PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR methods to investigate the frequency of adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses. Results: Out of 173 samples of pediatric diarrhea, eight were shown to contain enteric viruses (4.6%): (1) four with adenoviruses (2.3%); (2) three with rotaviruses (1.7%); and (3) one with a genogroup II norovirus (0.6%). Most of the positive samples were obtained from children under the age of seven. The most common additional clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with viral agents were fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Conclusions: In central Iran, adenoviruses and rotaviruses were rarely found as agents responsible for gastroenteritis. Although viral gastroenteritis in this area had less frequency than bacterial gastroenteritis, we need to monitor all enteropathogenic agents for longer periods to understand better real endemicity and the possibility of unexpected viral enteritis outbreaks.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dong X, Qi Y, Chai R, Xu H, Wang J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Lu Y, Chen H, Yao Y. Viral infection among children under the age of 5 with diarrhea in Shenyang from 2018 to 2020: A hospital-based study. J Med Virol 2021; 94:2662-2668. [PMID: 34877673 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death among children, especially in the age under 5, but few studies are available on viral diarrhea in Shenyang. To understand the infection status and the relevant epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea and to fill gaps of the distribution of viruses across Shenyang in children under the age of 5 with diarrhea, from 2018 to 2020, stool specimens of children with diarrhea aged 0-59 months and surveillance data were collected in Sentinel Hospital of Shenyang. Specimens were then tested to determine the type of viruses, the seasonal and spatial patterns for major viruses were determined. Viruses were identified in 47.9% of the 897 samples from children with diarrhea. The main viruses of stool samples were rotavirus (16.9%, predominant type G9P[8]), calicivirus (14.7%), adenovirus (11.8%), and astrovirus (4.5%). Viral infections were mainly detected in the age of 0-12 months. In the area of Shenyang, Huanggu had the most cases (198, 22.1%), followed by Dadong (137, 15.3%) and Hunnan (135, 15.1%). The positive rate of viruses varied among patients of different ages, seasons, and regions. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different age groups, seasons, and regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruiyu Chai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingshuang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Razizadeh MH, Khatami A, Zarei M. Global molecular prevalence and genotype distribution of Sapovirus in children with gastrointestinal complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2302. [PMID: 34626019 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sapovirus (SaV) is an emerging cause of children gastrointestinal complications such as acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the global prevalence of the SaV in children and association of infection with SaVs and AGE in children based on case-control studies. Four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar) were used to retrieve English-language studies published between January 2000 and December 2020. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was applied to estimate the overall prevalence, publication bias and heterogeneity index. The pooled prevalence of SaV infection among children with gastroenteritis was 3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9%-3.9%] based on a random-effects meta-analysis. Genogroup I was the dominant genogroup of SaV in children with gastroenteritis [2.2% (95% CI: 1.6%-3.0%)], association analysis showed that SaV was associated with gastroenteritis [OR: 1.843 (95% CI: 1.27-2.66)]. Given the significant prevalence of the virus in children, it is necessary to pay more attention to this situation. Therefore, preventive health measures in children should be a priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang D, Wang Z, Zhang G, Sai L. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of human adenoviruses infection among children with acute diarrhea in Shandong Province, China. Virol J 2021; 18:195. [PMID: 34579757 PMCID: PMC8474830 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) had been recognized as one of the most common enteric viruses associated with acute diarrhea in children. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the molecular and epidemiological characterization of HAdV Infections among children in Shandong province in China between July 2017 and June 2018. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea. DNA was extracted from the stool specimens and adenovirus DNA was detected by PCR amplification with specific primers. The amplification products were subjected to electrophoresis and visualized on a UV transilluminator. All positive RT-PCR amplification products were sequenced and the obtained sequences analyzed by MEGA (version 7.0). Demographic information and clinical manifestation data were also analyzed. Results In total, 656 fecal specimens were collected and the overall positive rate of HAdV was 7.47%. HAdV infections were detected in all age groups, in which children aged 13–24 months presented the highest positive rate. Seasonal pattern could be observed with a peak in December, January and February. Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and fever were the main clinical manifestations, in which vomiting was the most common accompanied symptom. By phylogenetic analysis, four species (A, B, C, and F) were detected and seven different serotypes were identified. HAdV-41 (48.98%, 24/49) was the most common serotype followed by HAdV-3 (18.37%, 9/49), HAdV-31 (14.29%, 7/49), HAdV-7 (8.16%, 4/49), HAdV-40 (4.08%, 2/49), HAdV-1 (4.08%, 2/49) and HAdV-2 (2.04%, 1/49). Conclusion This study indicated that HAdV infection was an important cause of acute diarrhea among children under 5 years old in Shandong province. The results will contribute to (a) increase understanding of the role of HAdV in diarrheal children and enhance identification of the predominant diarrhea pathogen for diagnosis; (b) avoid abuse of antibiotics; (c) monitor the change of prevalent HAdV serotypes and promote vaccine development and vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guanyou Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lintao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Wang D, Zhang J, Huang P, Du H, Xu J, Chen H, Yan Y, Chen H, Lu X, Liu D. Human Adenovirus Type 7 Infections in Hubei, China During 2018-2019: Epidemic Features and Genetic Characterization of the Detected Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:684606. [PMID: 34490137 PMCID: PMC8417316 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.684606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) type 7 can cause severe respiratory disease. During the period between December 2018 and August 2019, HAdV-7 infection was identified in 129 patients in Wuhan Children's Hospital, Hubei Province, China. Samples were collected from hospitalized children and metagenomic sequencing was applied to detect the HAdV infections. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocystosis (HLH) related to HAdV infections was observed in some patients clinically and patients were divided into two groups based on this to test the differences among clinical indicators. Genome variation, in silico restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), and phylogenetic analyses were carried out to show the genome characterization of HAdV-7 in this study. It was found that many indicators, such as all blood routine indicators, in patients of the HLH group showed significant levels. In this study, REA revealed that HAdV-7 might belong to genome 7d and genome variation analysis displayed the stable genome of HAdV. HAdV-7 is an ongoing threat to the public, and global surveillance should be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Virology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiqi Huang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Du
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hebin Chen
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Virology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Virology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu L, Zhong H, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Jia R, Xu J. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of human adenovirus and classic human astrovirus in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai, 2017-2018. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:713. [PMID: 34325664 PMCID: PMC8320412 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to rotavirus and norovirus, human adenovirus (HAdV) and classic human astrovirus (classic HAstV) are important pathogens of acute diarrhea in infants and young children. Here, we present the molecular epidemiology of HAdV and classic HAstV in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai. METHODS Fecal specimens were collected from 804 outpatient infants and young children diagnosed with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from January 2017 to December 2018. All of the samples were screened for the presence of HAdV and classic HAstV. HAdV and classic HAstV were detected using traditional PCR and reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. All of the HAdV and classic HAstV positive samples were genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Among the 804 fecal samples, 8.58% (69/804) of samples were infected with either HAdV or classic HAstV, and five were co-infected with two diarrhea viruses. The overall detection rates of HAdV and classic HAstV were 3.47% (28/804) and 5.22% (42/804), respectively. Four subgroups (A, B, C, and F) and seven genotypes (HAdV-C1, -C2, -B3, -C5, -A31, -F40, and -F41) of HAdV were detected. Subgroup F had the highest constituent ratio at 64.29% (18/28), followed by non-enteric HAdV of subgroup C (21.43%, 6/28) and subgroup B 10.71% (3/28). HAdV-F41 (60.71%, 17/28) was the dominant genotype, followed by HAdV-C2 (14.29%, 4/28) and HAdV-B3 (10.71%, 3/28). Two genotypes of classic HAstV (HAstV-1 and HAstV-5) were identified in 42 samples during the study period; HAstV-1 (95.24%, 40/42) was the predominant genotype, and the other two strains were genotyped as HAstV-5. No significant differences were found between boys and girls in the detection rates of HAdV (P = 0.604) and classic HAstV (P = 0.275). Over half of the HAdV infections (82.14%, 23/28) and classic HAstV infections (66.67%, 28/42) occurred in children less than 36 months. Seasonal preferences of HAdV and classic HAstV infections were summer and winter, respectively. In this study, the common clinical symptoms of children with acute diarrhea were diarrhea, vomiting, fever and abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HAdV and classic HAstV play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea in children in Shanghai. Systematic and long-term surveillance of HAdV and classic HAstV are needed to monitor their prevalence in children and prevent major outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gopalkrishna V, Joshi MS, Chavan NA, Shinde MS, Walimbe AM, Sawant PM, Kalrao VR, Dhongade RK, Bavdekar AR. Prevalence and genetic diversity of gastroenteritis viruses in hospitalized children < 5 years of age in Maharashtra state, Western India, 2017-2019. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4805-4816. [PMID: 33990988 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Four gastroenteritis viruses were responsible for 54% of the acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases in children hospitalized between May 2017 and December 2019 in Pune city of Maharashtra state, Western India. The majority (79%) of the children were <2 years of age. The prevalence of Rotavirus A (RVA) was 30.5% followed by 14.3% for norovirus, 8.4% for adenovirus, and 5.5% for astrovirus. The severity of the disease was highest in patients with coinfections compared with the patients with a single infection or negative for all (p = 0.024). Genotyping analysis showed that the majority of the RVA-positive samples (66%) could be typed as G3P[8], 63.6% of the norovirus as GII.4 Sydney [P16], 44% of the adenovirus as type 41%, and 56.2% of the astrovirus as astrovirus type 1. The almost equivalent prevalence of rotavirus and nonrotaviruses and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases without known etiology in around 46% of the cases was noted in the present study. Our data highlight that after the recent inclusion of rotavirus vaccines as a part of the National Immunization schedule in India, conducting extensive AGE surveillance in children should include nonrotaviruses such as norovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhuri S Joshi
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Nutan A Chavan
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Manohar S Shinde
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Atul M Walimbe
- Bioinformatics Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Pradeep M Sawant
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Vijay R Kalrao
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Ram K Dhongade
- Sant Dnyaneshwar Medical Foundation & Research Centre's Shaishav Clinic, Pune, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang D, Wang Z, Zhang F, Wang T, Zhang G, Sai L. Molecular and clinical epidemiological features of human astrovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Shandong province, China. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4883-4890. [PMID: 33811682 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the most common causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children with an infection rate estimated to range from 2% to 9% worldwide. This study was aimed at investigating the molecular and clinical epidemiological features of human astrovirus infections in children under 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Shandong province, China from July 2017 to June 2018. In total, 376 fecal samples and the corresponding clinical information were collected and analyzed. HAstV infections were detected in all age groups with an overall positive rate of 8.51%. In addition to acute diarrhea, the main clinical manifestations were fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and dehydration, in which fever was the most common complication. Infections could be seen throughout the year with a peak in the colder season. Four genotypes were detected in which HAstV-1 was the most prevalent genotype with a prevalence of 78.12%, followed by HAstV-5 (9.38%), MLB-1 (9.38%), and MLB-2 (3.12%). HAstV-1 strains were classified as lineage 1a, 1b, and 1d, in which lineage 1a strains were the most prevalent followed by lineage 1b and lineage 1d strains. All HAstV-5 strains were classified as lineage 5b and no other lineages were detected. The results showed that HAstV infection was an important cause of acute gastroenteritis among children under 5 years old in Shandong province. Given that their disease spectrum had been broadened, HAstVs should be paid more attention, not only as a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis but also as a potential pathogen of unexpected diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanyou Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Lintao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manouana GP, Nguema-Moure PA, Mbong Ngwese M, Bock CT, Kremsner PG, Borrmann S, Eibach D, Mordmüller B, Velavan TP, Niendorf S, Adegnika AA. Genetic Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Children under Five Years Old in Gabon. Viruses 2021; 13:545. [PMID: 33805214 PMCID: PMC8064335 DOI: 10.3390/v13040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses are the leading cause of diarrhea in children globally. Identifying viral agents and understanding their genetic diversity could help to develop effective preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the detection rate and genetic diversity of four enteric viruses in Gabonese children aged below five years. Stool samples from children <5 years with (n = 177) and without (n = 67) diarrhea were collected from April 2018 to November 2019. Norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and aichivirus A were identified using PCR techniques followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. At least one viral agent was identified in 23.2% and 14.9% of the symptomatic and asymptomatic participants, respectively. Norovirus (14.7%) and astrovirus (7.3%) were the most prevalent in children with diarrhea, whereas in the healthy group norovirus (9%) followed by the first reported aichivirus A in Gabon (6%) were predominant. The predominant norovirus genogroup was GII, consisting mostly of genotype GII.P31-GII.4 Sydney. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3CD region of the aichivirus A genome revealed the presence of two genotypes (A and C) in the study cohort. Astrovirus and sapovirus showed a high diversity, with five different astrovirus genotypes and four sapovirus genotypes, respectively. Our findings give new insights into the circulation and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in Gabonese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gédéon Prince Manouana
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP 242, Gabon
| | - Paul Alvyn Nguema-Moure
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mirabeau Mbong Ngwese
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
| | - C.-Thomas Bock
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
- Division of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP 242, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP 242, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Eibach
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, 6524 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Sandra Niendorf
- Division of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (G.P.M.); (P.A.N.-M.); (M.M.N.); (C.-T.B.); (P.G.K.); (S.B.); (T.P.V.); (A.A.A.)
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné BP 242, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cho SR, Chae SJ, Jung S, Choi W, Han MG, Yoo CK, Lee DY. Trends in acute viral gastroenteritis among children aged ≤5 years through the national surveillance system in South Korea, 2013-2019. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4875-4882. [PMID: 33219526 PMCID: PMC8360024 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is a global public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the trend and characteristics of acute viral gastroenteritis through a national surveillance network. Enteric viruses were detected in 9510 of 31,750 (30.1%) cases assessed from 2013 to 2019 by EnterNet. The most prevalent pathogens were norovirus (15.2%) and group A rotavirus (9.7%); most infections were reported in 2017 (34.0%). Norovirus and rotavirus coinfections were the most common. Norovirus infections were prevalent among 1‐year‐old children (1835 out of 9510 cases) during winter, and group A rotavirus infections were common during spring. Seasonality was not observed among enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus. The prevalent viral genotypes detected included norovirus GII.4, enteric adenovirus F41, astrovirus genotype 1, and sapovirus GI.1. However, changes in enteric virus trends were noted during the study period. Norovirus prevalence extended into spring, and new genotypes of enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus were identified. These surveillance data elucidate enteric virus epidemiological characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Rye Cho
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Chae
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Jung
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Choi
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Guk Han
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Kwon Yoo
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Yong Lee
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi D, Ma H, Miao J, Liu W, Yang D, Qiu Z, Shen Z, Yin J, Yang Z, Wang H, Li H, Chen Z, Li J, Jin M. Levels of human Rotaviruses and Noroviruses GII in urban rivers running through the city mirror their infection prevalence in populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142203. [PMID: 32920413 PMCID: PMC7470703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enteric viruses exposed to water pose a huge threat to global public health and can lead to waterborne disease outbreaks. A sudden increase in enteric viruses in some water matrices also underpins the prevalence of corresponding waterborne diseases in communities over the same time period. However, few efforts have been focused on water matrices whose viral pollution may best reflect the clinical prevalence in communities. Here, a one-year surveillance of human enteric viruses including Enteroviruses (EnVs), Rotaviruses (HRVs), Astroviruses (AstVs), Noroviruses GII (HuNoVsGII) and Mastadenoviruses (HAdVs) in four representative water matrices: an urban river (UR) running through city, effluent from Wastewater Treatment Plant (EW), raw water for Urban Water Treatment Plant (RW), and tap water (TW) were performed by qPCR. The relationship between the virus detection frequency at each site and their prevalence in clinical PCR assay was further analyzed. We found that the detection frequencies of HRVs, HuNoVsGII, and AstVs in stools peaked in winter, while EnVs peaked in autumn. No EnVs occurred in EW, RW, or TW, but HuNoVsGII and AstVs occurred intensively in winter. For UR, all types of enteric viruses could be detected and the levels of acute gastroenteritis viruses (HRVs, HuNoVsGII, AstVs, and HAdVs) were highest in autumn or winter, whereas EnVs peaked in summer. In terms of correlation analyses, only HRVs and HuNoVsGII levels in UR showed a strong positive correlation with their prevalence in clinical stool samples. This study indicated that HRVs and HuNoVsGII levels in URs may mirror the local virus prevalence, thereby implying the possibility of revealing their local epidemiology by monitoring them in the URs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, No. 238, Longyan Road, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Public Health, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhongwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huaran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Haibei Li
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Junwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, No.1, Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei ZL, Miao J, Yang ZW, Shi DY, Wu HY, Yang D, Yin J, Wang HR, Li HB, Chen ZS, Li JW, Jin M. Contamination sources of the enteric virus in recreational marine water shift in a seasonal pattern. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140641. [PMID: 32653709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human enteric virus occurrence in bathing beaches poses a potential health risk to swimmers. They may come from several sources, but the understanding of the seasonal contribution of contamination sources to virus occurrence is still lacking. Here, the surveillance of human enteric viruses at the First Bathing Beach in Qingdao was performed January-December 2018. The occurrence of Enteric viruses, assayed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), was analyzed at temporal and spatial levels to determine the viral contamination sources. The results showed that only Astroviruses (AstVs) and Adenoviruses (HAdVs) were found in the swimming area. Their occurrence correlated significantly with the sewage-polluted area, but HAdVs were only found in autumn and AstVs in spring. Meanwhile, enteric viruses in the swimming area showed significantly higher levels than the surrounding area, particularly AstVs in summer with the swimmer crowd. All these data imply that sewage discharge and swimmers co-contribute to the viral occurrence in a seasonal pattern, with the former being more focused in warm seasons (spring and autumn) and the latter in hot seasons (summer). These results indicate that sewage discharge and crowd swimmers, as unsafe swimming conditions, should be avoided to improve public health at the bathing beaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lin Wei
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Dan-Yang Shi
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hua-Ran Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zheng-Shan Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jun-Wen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu L, Teng Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Wu H, Kuang X, Cui X, Wang W, Cui X, Yuan ZA, Zhang X, Xie Y. Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of Classical Human Astrovirus Infection in Shanghai, 2015-2016. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:570541. [PMID: 33101242 PMCID: PMC7546348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.570541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses of the Astroviridae family. Infection of classic HAstVs is one of the most common causes of acute viral gastroenteritis (infectious viral diarrhea). There is a lack of data on the prevalence and genetic characterization of classic HAstVs in acute viral gastroenteritis in the whole population. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological trend, genotypes, viral co-infections, and viral loads of classic HAstVs in Shanghai, China, from January 2015 to December 2016. Methods A total of 6,051 non-redundant stool samples were collected in outpatients with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from January 2015 to December 2016. One-step real-time RT-PCR was used for screening viral diarrhea, including rotavirus A, rotavirus B, rotavirus C, norovirus genotype I and II, classic human astroviruses, and sapovirus. Real-time PCR was used for screening human enteric adenoviruses. Conventional RT-PCR was used for the amplification of viral fragments for genotyping. PCR products were sequenced and used for the construction of phylogenetic trees. Results The detection rate of classic HAstVs was 1.55% (94/6,051). The prevalence of HAstV infection displayed a typical winter/spring (December to March) seasonality and was highest in the 5–14 age group. Eighty-six samples were genotyped, which revealed HAstV-1 as the most prevalent genotype, followed by HAstV-5, HAstV-4, HAstV- 2, HAstV-8, and HAstV-3. There was a dramatic rise in the prevalence of HAstV-4 from December 2015 to March 2016, and the viral loads of HAstV-4 were significantly higher than those of other genotypes. Among the mixed infection samples, noroviruses were found to be the most frequently co-infected enteric viruses with HAstV. Conclusion Multiple genotypes of classic HAstVs circulated in Shanghai from January 2015 to December 2016. For the first time, HAstV-3\4\5\8 were detected in Shanghai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingneng Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhou Kuang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxian Cui
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-An Yuan
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tahmasebi R, Luchs A, Tardy K, Hefford PM, Tinker RJ, Eilami O, de Padua Milagres FA, Brustulin R, Teles MDAR, Dos Santos Morais V, Moreira CHV, Buccheri R, Araújo ELL, Villanova F, Deng X, Sabino EC, Delwart E, Leal É, Charlys da Costa A. Viral gastroenteritis in Tocantins, Brazil: characterizing the diversity of human adenovirus F through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1280-1288. [PMID: 33044150 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enteric adenovirus species F (HAdV-F) is one of the most common pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Brazil is a country with continental dimensions where continuous multiregional surveillance is vital to establish a more complete picture of the epidemiology of HAdV-F. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HAdV-F using full-genome data in rural and low-income urban areas in northern Brazil. This will allow a genetic comparison between Brazilian and global HAdV-F strains. The frequency of HAdV-F infections in patients with gastroenteritis and molecular typing of positive samples within this period was also analysed. A total of 251 stool samples collected between 2010 and 2016 from patients with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAdV-F using next-generation sequencing techniques. HAdV-F infection was detected in 57.8 % (145/251) of samples. A total of 137 positive samples belonged to HAdV-F41 and 7 to HAdV-F40. HAdV-F40/41 dual infection was found in one sample. Detection rates did not vary significantly according to the year. Single HAdV-F infections were detected in 21.9 % (55/251) of samples and mixed infections in 37.4 % (94/251), with RVA/HAdV-F being the most frequent association (21.5 %; 54/251). Genetic analysis indicated that the HAdV-F strains circulating in Brazil were closely related to worldwide strains, and the existence of some temporal order was not observed. This is the first large-scale HAdV-F study in Brazil in which whole-genome data and DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize HAdV-F strains. Expanding the viral genome database could improve overall genotyping success and assist the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/GenBank in standardizing the HAdV genome records by providing a large set of annotated HAdV-F genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Tahmasebi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaelan Tardy
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rory J Tinker
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Owrang Eilami
- School of Medicine Social, Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins, Brazil.,Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brustulin
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil.,Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Buccheri
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo
- General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories of the Strategic Articulation Department of the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health (CGLAB/DAEVS/SVS-MS), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Villanova
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
| | - Xutao Deng
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Élcio Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao LH, Wang C, Wei TL, Wang H, Ma FL, Zheng LS. Human adenovirus among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Beijing, China, 2017-2018. Virol J 2019; 16:78. [PMID: 31196108 PMCID: PMC6567909 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases. However, the genotype diversity and epidemiological information relating to HAdVs among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is limited. Here, we describe the epidemiology and genotype distribution of HAdVs associated with RTIs in Beijing, China. METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected from hospitalized children with RTIs from April 2017 to March 2018. HAdVs were detected by a TaqMan-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. Epidemiological data were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 21.0 software. RESULTS HAdV was detected in 72 (5.64%) of the 1276 NPA specimens, with most (86.11%, 62/72) HAdV-positives cases detected among children < 6 years of age. HAdV-B3 (56.06%, 37/66) and HAdV-C2 (19.70%, 13/66) were the most frequent. Of the 72 HAdV-infected cases, 27 (37.50%) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly parainfluenza virus (12.50%, 9/72) and rhinovirus (9.72%, 7/72). The log number of viral load ranged from 3.30 to 9.14 copies per mL of NPA, with no significant difference between the HAdV mono- and co-infection groups. The main clinical symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever and cough, and 62 (86.11%, 62/72) were diagnosed with pneumonia. Additionally, HAdVs were detected throughout the year with a higher prevalence in summer. CONCLUSIONS HAdV prevalence is related to age and season. HAdV-B and HAdV-C circulated simultaneously among the hospitalized children with RTIs in Beijing, and HAdV-B type 3 and HAdV-C type 2 were the most frequent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Chao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Tian-Li Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Fen-Lian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China.
| | - Li-Shu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tatte VS, Gopalkrishna V. Detection of different enteric viruses in children with diarrheal disease: evidence of the high frequency of mixed infections. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000010. [PMID: 32974508 PMCID: PMC7470349 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses play a major role in causing diarrhea in children. Early identification of the causative pathogen is still a challenge in the clinical laboratory. A multiplex PCR assay is a useful tool to screen a large number of clinical samples especially in an outbreak situation. In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay was developed to detect nine enteric viruses such as group A rotavirus, norovirus GGII, sapovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, aichivirus, parechovirus, bocavirus and enterovirus in clinical samples of diarrheal cases. Stool samples (n=185) collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis cases in Pune, western India were analysed for nine different enteric viruses by currently developed multiplex RT- PCR. Predominance of group A rotavirus (76%) followed by enterovirus (11.5%), astrovirus (4.5%), adenovirus (2.7%) and norovirus GII (1.6%) was observed. A total of 44.8 % (82/185) samples analysed by this method showed high frequency of mixed infections. These results highlighted high prevalence and diversity of different enteric viruses in children. The multiplex PCR showed good concordance with monoplex RT-PCR for detection of these enteric viruses in clinical samples. This is the first report on the development of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection of multiple enteric viruses in diarrheal diseases from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali S Tatte
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miao J, Guo X, Liu W, Yang D, Shen Z, Qiu Z, Chen X, Zhang K, Hu H, Yin J, Yang Z, Li J, Jin M. Total coliforms as an indicator of human enterovirus presence in surface water across Tianjin city, China. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:542. [PMID: 30382895 PMCID: PMC6211496 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric viruses in surface water pose considerable risk to morbidity in populations living around water catchments and promote outbreaks of waterborne diseases. However, due to poor understanding of the correlation between water quality and the presence of human enteric viruses, the failure to assess viral contamination through alternative viral indicators makes it difficult to control disease transmission. METHODS We investigated the occurrence of Enteroviruses (EnVs), Rotaviruses (HRVs), Astroviruses (AstVs), Noroviruses GII (HuNoVs GII) and Adenoviruses (HAdVs) from Jinhe River over 4 years and analyzed their correlation with physicochemical and bacterial parameters in water samples. RESULTS The findings showed that all target viruses were detected in water at frequencies of 91.7% for HAdVs, 81.3% for HuNoVs GII, 79.2% for EnVs and AstVs, and 70.8% for HRVs. These viruses had a seasonal pattern, which showed that EnVs were abundant in summer but rare in winter, while HAdVs, HRVs, AstVs, and HuNoVs GII exhibited opposite seasonal trends. Pearson correlation analysis showed that total coliforms (TC) was significantly positively correlated with EnVs concentrations while no consistent significant correlations were observed between bacterial indices and viruses that precipitate acute gastroenteritis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings provide insights into alternative viral indicators, suggesting that TC is a potentially promising candidate for assessment of EnVs contamination. However, it failed to predict the presence of HAdVs, HRVs, AstVs, and HuNoVs GΙΙ in surface water across the city of Tianjin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Miao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
- Research Institution of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205 China
| | - Weili Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Dong Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Kunming Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Hui Hu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Jing Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Zhongwei Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Junwen Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| | - Min Jin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medcine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qiu FZ, Shen XX, Li GX, Zhao L, Chen C, Duan SX, Guo JY, Zhao MC, Yan TF, Qi JJ, Wang L, Feng ZS, Ma XJ. Adenovirus associated with acute diarrhea: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:450. [PMID: 30176819 PMCID: PMC6122197 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is a major source of morbidity and mortality among young children in low-income and middle-income countries. Human adenoviruses (HAdV), particular HAdV species F (40, 41) has been recognized as important causal pathogens, however limited data exist on molecular epidemiology of other HAdV associated with acute gastroenteritis. Methods In the present preliminary study, we performed a case-control study involving 273 children who presented diarrheal disease and 361 healthy children matched control in Children’s hospital of Hebei Province (China) to investigate the relationship between non-enteric HAdV and diarrhea. HAdV were detected and quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and serotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Odds ratio (OR) was used to assess the risk factor of HAdV. Results HAdV were detected in 79 (28.94%) of 273 children with diarrhea including 7 different serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5 and 57) with serotypes 40, 41 and 3 being the most dominant and in 26 (7.20%) of 361 healthy children containing 9 serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5,57,6 and 31). A majority (91.14%) of HAdV positives occurred in diarrhea children and 65.38% in controls< 3 years of age. No significant difference in the viral load was found between case and control groups or between Ad41-positive patients and healthy controls. In addition to HAdV 40 and 41, HAdV 3 was also associated with diarrhea (OR = 17.301, adjusted OR = 9.205, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrate a high diversity of HAdV present among diarrhea and healthy children and implicate that non-enteric HAdV3 may lead to diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Qiu
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gui-Xia Li
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Su-Xia Duan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China.,Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Jing-Yun Guo
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Teng-Fei Yan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ju-Ju Qi
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Le Wang
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Feng
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotaviruses (RVs) and noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common causes of severe acute gastroenteritis in children. It is generally accepted that RVs cause severe acute gastroenteritis in a higher proportion of cases compared with NoVs. To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews and meta-analyses comparing the severity of NoV and RV disease. METHODS We searched MEDLINE for studies reporting data for NoV and RV medically attended disease severity in children. We included studies where all children had been tested for both NoV (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and RV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and that reported disease severity using the Vesikari or modified Vesikari score, or provided clinical information on severity. We generated pooled estimates of the mean with 95% confidence intervals using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 266 publications, of which 31 were retained for qualitative analysis and 26 for quantitative analysis. Fourteen studies provided data on severity score for the meta-analysis. The pooled mean severity scores (95% confidence interval) among outpatients were 10 (8-12) and 11 (8-14) for NoV and RV, respectively. Among inpatients, they were 11 (9-13) for NoV and 12 (10-14) for RV. The difference was statistically significant among inpatients, but relatively small (1 point in a 20-point scale). About 20% more children with RV required rehydration when compared with children with NoV. CONCLUSIONS NoV causes moderate to severe disease similar to RV in young children. This information should be useful for future evaluations of an eventual introduction of NoV vaccines in national immunization programs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen YH, Chen F, Zhou T, Chen JY, Zheng TL, Xu X, Pei XF. Prevalence and clinical profile of rotavirus A infection among diarrhoeal children and phylogenetic analysis with vaccine strains in Chengdu, West China, 2009-2014. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:704-713. [PMID: 29779228 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhoeal disease in young children. However, little is known about the epidemiological and clinical profile of rotavirus A (RVA) in diarrhoeal children or the efficacy of Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR) in Chengdu, China. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of RVA in diarrhoeal children and provide gene analysis information for RVA vaccination programmes. METHODS A total of 1121 faecal samples were collected from outpatient children with diarrhoea between 2009 and 2014. RT-PCR was performed to detect RVA infection and other gastroenteritis viruses. VP4 and VP7 genes of 13 RVA strains were sequenced to compare their similarity with vaccine strains. RESULTS The overall RVA infection rate was 17.48%. G1 (54.72%) and G3 (18.87%) were the predominant G genotypes; P[8] (72.36%) and P[4] (11.38%) were the main P genotypes. Sixteen genotypes were identified; G1P[8] (57.33%) and G9P[8] (12.00%) were the most prevalent. The proportion of coinfection with RVA and other gastroenteritis viruses was 18.88%. RVA was mostly detected in winter and in diarrhoeal children 1-2 years of age. The genotypes of Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines were consistent with RVA strains prevalent in Sichuan and shared high identity. CONCLUSIONS RVA was one of the major aetiological agents of diarrhoeal children in Chengdu. Genotype distribution differed within each year and the gene analysis implied low efficacy of LLR. Continuous epidemiological monitoring of RVA is essential for the national vaccination programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Li Zheng
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Northern Italy. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
30
|
Alcalá AC, Pérez K, Blanco R, González R, Ludert JE, Liprandi F, Vizzi E. Molecular detection of human enteric viruses circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Valencia, Venezuela, before rotavirus vaccine implementation. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:6. [PMID: 29483944 PMCID: PMC5822563 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of rotavirus as main etiologic agent of diarrhea has been well documented worldwide, including in Venezuela. However, information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal viruses such as calicivirus, adenovirus and astrovirus is limited and the contribution of other agents as Aichi virus and klassevirus is largely unknown. To explore the etiological spectrum of diarrhea associated with agents other than rotaviruses, 227 stool samples from children under 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis, collected in Valencia (Venezuela) from 2001 to 2005, and previously tested as rotavirus-negative, were analyzed for caliciviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, Aichi viruses, klasseviruses, picobirnaviruses and enteroviruses by specific RT-PCRs. Results At least one viral agent was detected in 134 (59%) of the samples analyzed, mainly from children under 24 months of age and most of them belonging to the lowest socioeconomic status. Overall, enterovirus was identified as the most common viral agent (37.9%), followed by calicivirus (23.3%), adenovirus (11.5%), astrovirus (3.5%), klassevirus (1.3%) and Aichi virus (0.4%), while no picobirnavirus was detected. Klasseviruses were found during 2004 and 2005 and Aichi viruses only in 2005, indicating their circulation in Venezuela; meanwhile, the rest of the viruses were detected during the whole study period. Coinfections with two or more viruses were found in 39 (29.1%) of the infected children, most under 24 months of age. Adenovirus was involved as the coinfecting agent in at least 46.9% of the cases, but no differences concerning socio-demographic variables were observed between the coinfected and the single infected children. Conclusions The results show that various enteric viruses, including enteroviruses, caliciviruses and adenoviruses, accounted for a significant proportion of infantile diarrhea cases in Venezuela before rotavirus vaccine implementation. In addition, emerging viruses as Aichi virus and klassevirus were found, indicating the need to continue monitoring their spreading into the communities. Efforts are needed to develop more accurate methods to identify the major causes of diarrhea and to provide tools for more effective preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Alcalá
- 1Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apdo. 21827, Caracas, 1020 Venezuela.,4Present Address: Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D.F. Mexico
| | - Kriss Pérez
- 1Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apdo. 21827, Caracas, 1020 Venezuela
| | - Ruth Blanco
- 1Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apdo. 21827, Caracas, 1020 Venezuela
| | - Rosabel González
- 3Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, D.F. Mexico
| | - Juan E Ludert
- Instituto Autónomo de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit-MPPS, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ferdinando Liprandi
- 1Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apdo. 21827, Caracas, 1020 Venezuela
| | - Esmeralda Vizzi
- 1Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apdo. 21827, Caracas, 1020 Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Human Adenovirus Infections among Hospitalized Children with Acute Diarrhea in Shanghai, China, 2006-2011. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 2017:9304830. [PMID: 29445406 PMCID: PMC5763120 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9304830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is considered a significant enteropathogen associated with sporadic diarrhea in children. However, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology of HAdV in hospitalized children with viral diarrhea in Shanghai. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiology of HAdVs and describe their association with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children. Methods: A total of 674 fecal samples were subjected to PCR or RT-PCR to detect RVA, HuCV, HAstV, and HAdV. Results: HAdV infections were detected in 4.7% (32/674) of specimens, with detection rates of 13.4% (11/82), 4.6% (8/174), 3.2% (4/124), 4.1% (3/74), 2.0% (2/100), and 3.3% (4/120) from 2006 to 2011, respectively. Comprehensive detection of the four viruses revealed the presence of a high percentage (90.6%) of coinfections among HAdV-positive samples, where HAdV+RVA was the most prevalent coinfection. Of the 32 HAdV-positive samples, 50.0% (16/32) were classified as HAdV-41, and 18.8% (6/32) were classified as HAdV-3. Almost 94.0% of children infected with HAdV were less than 24 months of age. Conclusions: These results clearly indicated diversity across the HAdV genotypes detected in inpatient children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai and suggested that HAdVs play a role in children with acute diarrhea.
Collapse
|
32
|
Inns T, Harris J, Vivancos R, Iturriza-Gomara M, O’Brien S. Community-based surveillance of norovirus disease: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:657. [PMID: 28962598 PMCID: PMC5622532 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus is a common cause of infectious gastrointestinal disease. Despite the increased ability to detect norovirus in affected people, the number of reported cases and outbreaks in the community is still substantially underestimated. We undertook a systematic review to determine the nature, scope and scale of community-based surveillance systems which capture information on norovirus disease. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus for studies published between 01 January 1995 and 31 December 2015, using terms relating to norovirus and surveillance. Publications were screened independently by two reviewers using exclusion criteria. Data extraction from included papers was performed using a standardized data extraction form. Outcomes were descriptions of the methods reported in included papers, and any estimates of incidence rate of norovirus disease in each community, stratified by age. RESULTS After exclusions, we reviewed 45 papers of which 23 described surveillance studies and 19 included estimates of incidence. The estimates of incidence varied by outcome measure, type of laboratory test and study population. There were two estimates of norovirus hospitalisation; 0.72 and 1.04 per 1000 person-years. Estimates of norovirus disease ranged between 0.024 cases per 1000 person-years and 60 cases per 1000 person-years and estimates of all gastroenteritis varied between 49 and 1100 cases per 1000 person-years. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review found few papers describing community-based surveillance for norovirus disease. Standardised age-specific estimates of norovirus incidence would be valuable for calculating the true global burden of norovirus disease; robust community surveillance systems would be able to produce this information. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016048659 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Inns
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - John Harris
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Roberto Vivancos
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gomara
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah O’Brien
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ouedraogo N, Ngangas SMT, Bonkoungou IJO, Tiendrebeogo AB, Traore KA, Sanou I, Traore AS, Barro N. Temporal distribution of gastroenteritis viruses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: seasonality of rotavirus. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:274. [PMID: 28327111 PMCID: PMC5359802 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases among children and adults, and continues to cause a major problem of public health in Burkina Faso. The temporal pattern of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus and Aichivirus A was studied by examining prevalence of gastroenteritis viruses in association with meteorological variables in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. METHODS Stool samples from 263 children under 5 years of age and 170 older children patients, adolescent and adults with gastroenteritis were collected in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from November 2011 to September 2012. Enteric viruses were detected using real-time or end-point (RT-) PCR. Temperature, humidity and monthly rainfall were recorded from the National Meteorological Direction. Categorical data were compared by Chi-square tests and the effect of weather variables and monthly prevalence were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient test. RESULTS The prevalence of rotavirus infections was significantly higher in the dry season (Season S1) compared to the wet season (season S2) (p = 0.03) among the population of children under 5 years of age. No statistically significant difference was observed regarding other gastroenteritis viruses comparing the dry season and the wet season. Positive cases of rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and sapovirus in children under 5 years of age were correlated with temperature (r = -0.68, p = 0.01; r = -0.74, p < 0.001; r = -0.68, p = 0.01; r = -0.65, p = 0.02, respectively) and only rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus were correlated with relative humidity (r = -0.61, p = 0.04; r = -0.54, p = 0.08; r = -0.51, p = 0.1 respectively). No correlation was observed with rainfall. In older children, adolescent and adults patients, rotavirus and norovirus correlated with relative humidity (r = -0.58, p = 0.05; r = 0.54, p = 0.08 respectively), but, no correlation was observed between the temperature and the rainfall. CONCLUSION This study extends knowledge on the monthly fluctuations on the prevalence of viral gastroenteritis. These results can provide valuable information necessary to alert health care providers when a period of infection in the community is likely to occur. The transmission of these viruses in Burkina Faso could depends on multiple factors including climatic variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafissatou Ouedraogo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Stephanie Moustapha Tomba Ngangas
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Isidore Juste Ouindguèta Bonkoungou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Direction de la Biologie médicale (DBM), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aissatou Bénéwendé Tiendrebeogo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kuan Abdoulaye Traore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Idrissa Sanou
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie de l'Hôpital National BLAISE COMPAORE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Ouaga I Joseph KI ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Alfred Sababénédjo Traore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vu DL, Bosch A, Pintó RM, Guix S. Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond. Viruses 2017; 9:v9020033. [PMID: 28218712 PMCID: PMC5332952 DOI: 10.3390/v9020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since they were identified in 1975, human astroviruses have been considered one of the most important agents of viral acute gastroenteritis in children. However, highly divergent astroviruses infecting humans have been recently discovered and associated with extra-intestinal infections. The report of cases of fatal meningitis and encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, has broadened their disease spectrum. Although zoonotic transmission among animal and human astroviruses has not been clearly recognized, the genetic similarity between some human and animal viruses makes it likely to occur. This review provides an update on the epidemiology of both classic and novel human astroviruses, and a comprehensive view on confirmed or potential association between astrovirus and human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diem-Lan Vu
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
| | - Albert Bosch
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Pintó
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
| | - Susana Guix
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hoa-Tran TN, Nakagomi O, Dao ATH, Nguyen AT, Agbemabiese CA, Vu HM, Nakagomi T, Thanh NTH. Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses detected in Vietnamese children with acute gastroenteritis from 2012 to 2015. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:34-45. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. N. Hoa-Tran
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - O. Nakagomi
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - A. T. H. Dao
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - A. T. Nguyen
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C. A. Agbemabiese
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H. M. Vu
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T. Nakagomi
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - N. T. H. Thanh
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Children with Diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153652. [PMID: 27092779 PMCID: PMC4836733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those under five years old. Identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of common enteric viruses in children under five years old in Burkina Faso. Stool samples from children with (n = 263) and without (n = 50) diarrhea disorders were collected in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from November 2011 to September 2012. Rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus and Aichivirus A were detected using real-time or end-point (RT-)PCR. Rotavirus strains were G and P genotyped by multiplex RT-PCR and other viral strains were characterized by sequencing of viral subgenomic segements. At least one viral agent was detected in 85.6% and 72% of the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, respectively. Rotavirus (63.5%), adenovirus (31.2%) and genogroup II norovirus (18.2%) were the most prevalent viruses in symptomatic patients, but only rotavirus and genogroup II norovirus were significantly associated with diarrhea (OR: 7.9, 95%CI: 3.7-17; OR: 3.5, 95%CI: 1-11.7, respectively). Sapovirus (10.3%), astrovirus (4.9%), genogroup I norovirus (2.7%) and Aichivirus A (0.8%) were less prevalent. The predominant genotype of rotavirus was G9P[8] (36.5%), and the predominant norovirus strain was GII.4 variant 2012 (71.4%). Among sapovirus, the genogroup II (87.5%) predominated. Astrovirus type 1 (41.7%) was the most frequent astrovirus identified. Aichivirus A belonged to the three genotypes (A, B and C). Enteric adenoviruses type 40 and 41 were identified in 10.2% and 5.1% respectively. Several cases of co-infections were detected. The results highlight the high prevalence and the high diversity of enteric viruses in Burkinabe children.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ha HJ, Lee SG, Cho HG, Jin JY, Lee JW, Paik SY. Complete genome sequencing of a recombinant strain between human astrovirus antigen types 2 and 8 isolated from South Korea. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:127-131. [PMID: 26812127 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human astroviruses (HAstVs) occur worldwide and are known to the causative agents of diarrhea in infants and elderly patients with immune dysfunction. This study aimed to identify recombinant HAstV strains and characterize rare genotypes. The full-length genome of a recombinant HAstV strain isolated from the stool sample of a patient with acute gastroenteritis from South Korea was amplified using three pairs of previously designed primers and seven newly designed primers. The recombinant HAstV was 6757-bp long and contained three sequential open reading frames (ORFs), designated as ORF1a (2781 bp), ORF1b (1548 bp), and ORF2 (2349 bp). Our findings suggested that a recombination event had occurred between ORF1b and ORF2 of the isolated strain, with a recombination breakpoint at 4081 bp. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the complete nucleotide sequence of a recombinant HAstV strain from South Korea. Our study findings might be useful for identifying other recombinant HAstV strains and for developing vaccines against this pathogenic virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Ha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Geun Lee
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-390, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Gil Cho
- Division of Public Health Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Jin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Woong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Yong Paik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xavier MDPTP, Carvalho Costa FA, Rocha MS, de Andrade JDSR, Diniz FKB, de Andrade TR, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG, Volotão EDM. Surveillance of Human Astrovirus Infection in Brazil: The First Report of MLB1 Astrovirus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135687. [PMID: 26274322 PMCID: PMC4537245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human astrovirus (HAstV) represents the third most common virus associated with acute diarrhea (AD). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAstV infection in Brazilian children under 5 years of age with AD, investigate the presence of recently described HAstV strains, through extensive laboratory-based surveillance of enteric viral agents in three Brazilian coastal regions between 2005 and 2011. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the overall HAstV detection rate reached 7.1% (207/2.913) with percentage varying according to the geographic region: 3.9% (36/921) in the northeast, 7.9% in the south (71/903) and 9.2% in the southeast (100/1.089) (p < 0.001). HAstV were detected in cases of all age groups. Detection rates were slightly higher during the spring. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 320-bp ORF2 fragment revealed that HAstV-1 was the predominant genotype throughout the seven years of the study. The novel AstV-MLB1 was detected in two children with AD from a subset of 200 samples tested, demonstrating the circulation of this virus both the in northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil. These results provide additional epidemiological and molecular data on HAstV circulation in three Brazilian coastal regions, highlighting its potential to cause infantile AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe Aníbal Carvalho Costa
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica Simões Rocha
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Kreischer Bandeira Diniz
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Ramos de Andrade
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Mello Volotão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology—Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chan MCW, Leung TF, Chung TWS, Kwok AK, Nelson EAS, Lee N, Chan PKS. Virus Genotype Distribution and Virus Burden in Children and Adults Hospitalized for Norovirus Gastroenteritis, 2012-2014, Hong Kong. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11507. [PMID: 26082165 PMCID: PMC4469980 DOI: 10.1038/srep11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a 2-year hospital-based study on norovirus gastroenteritis among children and adults between August 2012 and September 2014. A total of 1,146 norovirus cases were identified. Young children (aged ≤ 5 years) accounted for a majority (53.3%) of cases. Hospitalization incidence exhibited a U-shaped pattern with the highest rate in young children (1,475 per 100,000 person-years), followed by the elderly aged > 84 years (581 per 100,000 person-years). A subset (n = 395, 34.5%) of cases were selected for norovirus genotyping and noroviral load measurement. Non-GII.4 infections were more commonly observed in young children than in older adults (aged > 65 years) (20.5% versus 9.2%; p < 0.05). In young children, the median noroviral load of GII.4 and non-GII.4 cases was indistinguishably high (cycle threshold value, median [interquartile range]: 16.6 [15.2–19.3] versus 16.6 [14.9–21.6]; p = 0.45). Two age-specific non-GII.4 genotypes (GII.3 and GII.6) were identified among young children. These findings may have implications in norovirus vaccination strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tracy W S Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Angela K Kwok
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - E Anthony S Nelson
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu X, Meng L, Li J, Liu X, Bai Y, Yu D, Ren X, Liu H, Shen X, Wang P, Hu X, Wei K, Pei H, Kang Q. Etiological epidemiology of viral diarrhea on the basis of sentinel surveillance in children younger than 5 years in Gansu, northwest China, 2009-2013. J Med Virol 2015; 87:2048-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Institution of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Lanzhou University; Gansu Provinse P. R. China
| | - Lei Meng
- Centers’ for Disease Control and Prevention; Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Juansheng Li
- Institution of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Lanzhou University; Gansu Provinse P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Centers’ for Disease Control and Prevention; Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Yana Bai
- Institution of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Lanzhou University; Gansu Provinse P. R. China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Centers’ for Disease Control and Prevention; Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Ren
- Institution of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Lanzhou University; Gansu Provinse P. R. China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Centers’ for Disease Control and Prevention; Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiping Shen
- Institution of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Lanzhou University; Gansu Provinse P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Centers’ for Disease Control and Prevention; Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Hu
- Institution of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Lanzhou University; Gansu Provinse P. R. China
| | - Kongfu Wei
- Centers’ for Disease Control and Prevention; Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Pei
- Institution of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Lanzhou University; Gansu Provinse P. R. China
| | - Qian Kang
- Centers’ for Disease Control and Prevention; Gansu Province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kiulia NM, Hofstra N, Vermeulen LC, Obara MA, Medema G, Rose JB. Global occurrence and emission of rotaviruses to surface waters. Pathogens 2015; 4:229-55. [PMID: 25984911 PMCID: PMC4493472 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RV) are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children globally. Waterborne transmission of RV and the presence of RV in water sources are of major public health importance. In this paper, we present the Global Waterborne Pathogen model for RV (GloWPa-Rota model) to estimate the global distribution of RV emissions to surface water. To our knowledge, this is the first model to do so. We review the literature to estimate three RV specific variables for the model: incidence, excretion rate and removal during wastewater treatment. We estimate total global RV emissions to be 2 × 1018 viral particles/grid/year, of which 87% is produced by the urban population. Hotspot regions with high RV emissions are urban areas in densely populated parts of the world, such as Bangladesh and Nigeria, while low emissions are found in rural areas in North Russia and the Australian desert. Even for industrialized regions with high population density and without tertiary treatment, such as the UK, substantial emissions are estimated. Modeling exercises like the one presented in this paper provide unique opportunities to further study these emissions to surface water, their sources and scenarios for improved management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Kiulia
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Enteric Viruses Research Group, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, 00502 Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Nynke Hofstra
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lucie C Vermeulen
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maureen A Obara
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Gertjan Medema
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, the Netherlands.
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Joan B Rose
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu L, Jia R, Zhong H, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Dong Z, Dong N, Xu J. Molecular characterization and multiple infections of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in outpatients with sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2010–2011. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1229-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
43
|
Wangchuk S, Dorji T, Tsheten, Tshering K, Zangmo S, Pem Tshering K, Dorji T, Nishizono A, Ahmed K. A Prospective Hospital-based Surveillance to Estimate Rotavirus Disease Burden in Bhutanese Children under 5 Years of Age. Trop Med Health 2014; 43:63-8. [PMID: 25859154 PMCID: PMC4361340 DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2014-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of efforts to develop an informed policy for rotavirus vaccination, this prospective study was conducted to estimate the burden of rotavirus diarrhea among children less than 5 years old attended to the Department of Pediatrics, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Thimphu, Bhutan. The duration of the study was three years, extending from February 2010 through December 2012. We estimated the frequency of hospitalization in the pediatric ward and dehydration treatment unit (DTU) for diarrhea and the number of events attributable to rotavirus infection among children under 5 years of age. During the study period, a total of 284 children (1 in 45) were hospitalized in the pediatric ward, and 2,220 (1 in 6) in the DTU with diarrhea among children residing in the Thimphu district. Group A rotavirus was detected in 32.5% and 18.8% of the stool samples from children hospitalized in the pediatric ward, respectively. Overall, 22.3% of the stool samples were rotavirus-positive, and the majority (90.8%) of them was detected in children under 2 years of age. From this study, we estimated that the annual incidence of hospitalization in the pediatric ward and DTU due to rotavirus diarrhea was 2.4/1000 (95% CI 1.7–3.4) and 10.8/1000 (95% CI 9.1–12.7) children, respectively. This study revealed that rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea in Bhutanese children in Thimphu district and since no study has been performed previously, represents an important finding for policy discussions regarding the adoption of a rotavirus vaccine in Bhutan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Wangchuk
- Public Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan , Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tshering Dorji
- Public Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan , Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tsheten
- Public Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan , Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Karchung Tshering
- Public Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan , Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Sangay Zangmo
- Public Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan , Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Kunzang Pem Tshering
- Department of Pediatrics, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital , Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tandin Dorji
- Communicable Disease Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan , Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Akira Nishizono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University , Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kamruddin Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University , Yufu, Oita, Japan ; Research Promotion Institute, Oita University , Yufu, Oita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jin M, Guo X, Wang XW, Yang D, Shen ZQ, Qiu ZG, Chen ZL, Li JW. Development of a novel filter cartridge system with electropositive granule media to concentrate viruses from large volumes of natural surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6947-6956. [PMID: 24865258 DOI: 10.1021/es501415m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to various infectious viruses in environmental drinking water can constitute a public health risk. However, it is difficult to detect viruses in water due to their low concentration. In this study, we have developed a novel filter cartridge system containing electropositive granule media (EGM). Viruses present in large volumes of environmental samples were adsorbed onto the EGM, and then recovered by elution and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) concentration. To evaluate the system's efficiency in viral recovery, poliovirus (PV-1), a surrogate for enteric viruses, was used to artificially contaminate river water samples which were then assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. To optimize the concentration procedure, the eluent type, water flow rate and properties (e.g., pH, bacterial, and viral loads), were evaluated. The highest virus recovery was obtained by pumping river water at a flow rate of 300 mL/min and then pushing 3 L of an eluent containing 3× broth [1.5% (w/v) NaCl, 3% (w/v) tryptone, 1.5% (w/v) beef powder] with 0.05 mol/L glycine through the filter. Using this procedure, the recovery efficiencies of PV-1 from 10 to 100 L of spiked river water were up to 99%. In addition, this method is virus load and pH dependent. Virus recovery was maximal at a load of between 10(3.5) and 10(5.5) TCID50 and a pH ranging from 5 to 7. The bacterial load in the water has no effect on virus recovery. Different types of viruses and surface water were tested to validate the system's applicability. Results revealed that the EGM filter cartridge was able to concentrate PV-1, human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and noroviruses (HuNoVs) with high efficiency from river, lake, and reservoir water. Furthermore, it showed more efficient recovery than glass wool and 1MDS filters. These data suggest that this system provides rapid and efficient virus recovery from a large volume of natural surface water and, as such, could be a useful tool in revealing the presence of viruses in surface water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety , Tianjin 300050, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Adenoviruses associated with acute diarrhea in children in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88791. [PMID: 24533149 PMCID: PMC3923065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses have been recognized as important causal pathogens of community-acquired diarrhea (CAD) among children, but their role in hospital-acquired diarrhea (HAD) is not well-understood. Hospitalized children with acute diarrhea and children who visited the outpatient department due to diarrhea were investigated from 2011 to 2012. Adenovirus was detected in stool specimens by PCR and further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. SPSS software (version 19.0) was used for statistical analyses. A total of 2233 diarrheal children were enrolled in this study; this sample was comprised of 1371 hospitalized children, including 885 with CAD (IP-CAD) and 486 with HAD, and 862 outpatients with CAD (OP-CAD). Among these 2,233 patients, adenovirus was detected in 219 cases (9.8%). The positive rates for adenovirus were significantly different between the IP-CAD (9.3%), HAD (13.8%) and OP-CAD (8.1%) cases (X² = 11.76, p = 0.003). The positive rate of adenovirus was lower in infants under six months of age compared to the positive rates in the other age groups. Of the 219 of adenovirus positive patients, 91 (41.6%) were identified as having serotype 41. Although enteric adenovirus (group F) was the most frequently detected adenovirus among children with either CAD or HAD, the role of non-enteric adenoviruses, especially the adenovirus 31 type (19.7%), cannot be ignored in diarrheal children.
Collapse
|
46
|
Li RC, Huang T, Li Y, Luo D, Tao J, Fu B, Si G, Nong Y, Mo Z, Liao X, Luan I, Tang H, Rathi N, Karkada N, Han HH. Human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) efficacy in the first two years of life: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:11-8. [PMID: 24013441 PMCID: PMC4181005 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RV) are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis (GE) in children aged<5 y. For the first time in China, we assessed the efficacy of two oral doses of the human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in infants during the first two years of life (113808/NCT01171963). Healthy infants aged 6-16 weeks were randomized (1:1) to receive two oral doses of either the RIX4414 vaccine/placebo according to a 0, 1 month schedule. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against severe RVGE was assessed from two weeks post-Dose 2 up until the end of the second RV season and calculated with its 95% confidence intervals (CI). The primary efficacy objective was met if the lower limit of the 95% CI on VE was ≥10%. Unsolicited symptoms reported during the 31-d post-vaccination follow-up period and serious adverse events (SAEs) reported throughout the study were assessed. Of 3333 enrolled infants, 3148 were included in the according-to-protocol efficacy cohort. Over two consecutive RV seasons, fewer severe RVGE episodes were reported in the RIX4414 group (n=21) vs. the placebo group (n=75). VE against severe RVGE was 72% (95% CI: 54.1-83.6); the lower limit of the 95% CI on VE was >10%. The number of unsolicited symptoms and SAEs reported was similar between both groups. Thirteen deaths (RIX4414=6; placebo=7) occurred during the study. All SAEs and deaths in the RIX4414 group were considered unrelated to vaccination. Two oral doses of RIX4414 vaccine provided a substantial level of protection against severe RVGE in Chinese children during the first two years of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-cheng Li
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Teng Huang
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Yanping Li
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Dong Luo
- Liucheng County Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Junhui Tao
- Liujiang County Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Botao Fu
- Luzhai County Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Guoai Si
- Jinchengjiang region Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Yi Nong
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | - Zhaojun Mo
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Guangxi, Autonomous Region PR China
| | | | - Ivy Luan
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines; Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Niraj Rathi
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd.; Bangalore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|