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Yang Q, Yan D, Song Y, Zhu S, He Y, Han Z, Wang D, Ji T, Zhang Y, Xu W. Whole-genome analysis of coxsackievirus B3 reflects its genetic diversity in China and worldwide. Virol J 2022; 19:69. [PMID: 35436962 PMCID: PMC9014606 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has emerged as an active pathogen in myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and pancreatitis, and is a heavy burden on public health. However, CVB3 has not been systematically analyzed with regard to whole-genome diversity and recombination. Therefore, this study was undertaken to systematically examine the genetic characteristics of CVB3 based on its whole genome.
Methods
We combined CVB3 isolates from our national HFMD surveillance and global sequences retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to examine the whole genome variety and recombination forms of CVB3 in China and worldwide.
Results
Phylogenetic analysis showed that CVB3 strains isolated worldwide could be classified into clusters A–E based on the sequence of the entire VP1 region. The predominant CVB3 strains in China belonged to cluster D, whereas cluster E CVB3 might be circulated globally compared to other clusters. The average nucleotide substitution rate in the P1 region of CVB3 was 4.82 × 10–3 substitutions/site/year. Myocarditis was more common with cluster A. Clusters C and D presented more cases of acute flaccid paralysis, and cluster D may be more likely to cause HFMD. Multiple recombination events were detected among CVB3 variants, and there were twenty-three recombinant lineages of CVB3 circulating worldwide.
Conclusions
Overall, this study provides full-length genomic sequences of CVB3 isolates with a wide geographic distribution over a long-term time scale in China, which will be helpful for understanding the evolution of this pathogen. Simultaneously, continuous surveillance of CVB3 is indispensable to determine its genetic diversity in China as well as worldwide.
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Molecular basis of differential receptor usage for naturally occurring CD55-binding and -nonbinding coxsackievirus B3 strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118590119. [PMID: 35046043 PMCID: PMC8794823 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118590119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor usage defines cell tropism and contributes to cell entry and infection. Coxsackievirus B (CVB) engages coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), and selectively utilizes the decay-accelerating factor (DAF; CD55) to infect cells. However, the differential receptor usage mechanism for CVB remains elusive. This study identified VP3-234 residues (234Q/N/V/D/E) as critical population selection determinants during CVB3 virus evolution, contributing to diverse binding affinities to CD55. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of CD55-binding/nonbinding isolates and their complexes with CD55 or CAR were obtained under both neutral and acidic conditions, and the molecular mechanism of VP3-234 residues determining CD55 affinity/specificity for naturally occurring CVB3 strains was elucidated. Structural and biochemical studies in vitro revealed the dynamic entry process of CVB3 and the function of the uncoating receptor CAR with different pH preferences. This work provides detailed insight into the molecular mechanism of CVB infection and contributes to an in-depth understanding of enterovirus attachment receptor usage.
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Genomic surveillance of enterovirus associated with aseptic meningitis cases in southern Spain, 2015-2018. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21523. [PMID: 34728763 PMCID: PMC8564535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New circulating Enterovirus (EV) strains often emerge through recombination. Upsurges of recombinant non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) associated with neurologic manifestations such as EVA71 or Echovirus 30 (E30) are a growing public health concern in Europe. Only a few complete genomes of EVs circulating in Spain are available in public databases, making it difficult to address the emergence of recombinant EVs, understand their evolutionary relatedness and the possible implication in human disease. We have used metagenomic (untargeted) NGS to generate full-length EV genomes from CSF samples of EV-positive aseptic meningitis cases in Southern Spain between 2015 and 2018. Our analyses reveal the co-circulation of multiple Enterovirus B (EV-B) types (E6, E11, E13 and E30), including a novel E13 recombinant form. We observed a genetic turnover where emergent lineages (C1 for E6 and I [tentatively proposed in this study] for E30) replaced previous lineages circulating in Spain, some concomitant with outbreaks in other parts of Europe. Metagenomic sequencing provides an effective approach for the analysis of EV genomes directly from PCR-positive CSF samples. The detection of a novel, disease-associated, recombinant form emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor spread and evolution of EVs.
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Elkousy RH, Said ZNA, Abd El-Baseer MA, Abu El Wafa SA. Antiviral activity of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) leaf extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113878. [PMID: 33515683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ricinus communis L., commonly known as castor oil plant, is a precious traditional medicine with a history of thousands of years in the world. Castor oil plant has high traditional and medicinal values for treating liver infections, stomach ache, flatulence, constipation, inflammation, warts, colic, enteritis, fever, headache, and as a counter irritant. Its diverse phytochemicals have a wide range of valuable medicinal activities including hepatoprotective, anti-nociceptive, antioxidant, antiulcer, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, central analgesic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and wound healing activity. AIM OF THE WORK To provide a complete characterization of the composition of Ricinus communis leaves using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS) and different chromatographic techniques and to evaluate its antiviral potential using three mechanisms against three common viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS R. communis leaves were extracted with 70% methanol and further partitioned with solvents of increasing polarities: petroleum ether, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The CH2Cl2 and n-butanol fractions were subjected to repeated chromatographic separation to isolate the phytochemicals, and their structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS was performed to determine the different phytochemicals in the ethyl acetate fraction. The antiviral activity of the extracts was investigated using the maximum nontoxic concentration of each against the challenge dose of the virus (CDV) and 1/10 and 1/100 dilutions of the CDV for Coxsackie B virus type 4 (COXB4), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) using Vero cell cultures that were treated according to three protocols to test for anti-replicative, protective, and anti-infective antiviral activity. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT colorimetric assay and each experiment is repeated three times independently of each other. RESULTS R. communis leaves possessed antiviral activity. Evaluation of the anti-replicative activity showed that all extracts possessed high anti-replicative activity against HAV especially methanol and methylene chloride fractions and moderate activity against COXB4; butanol > methylene chloride and ethyl acetate > methanol. All extracts showed protective activity against HAV, especially butanol extract, while methanol extracts showed higher non-significant antiviral protective activity against HSV1 vs Acyclovir. Almost no anti-infective effects were recorded for any extract against the studied viruses. CONCLUSION The discriminatory effect against each virus by different mechanisms suggests the presence of different chemical compounds. The alkaloid and phenolic derivatives of the extracts of R. communis leaves may help develop a drug to prevent or treat common viral infections. Further investigations are recommended to define the bioactive antiviral properties of R. communis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawah H Elkousy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11651, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab N A Said
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11754, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abd El-Baseer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science (for Boys), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 13129, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Abu El Wafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11651, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Two Natural Recombination gave rise to the Coxsackievirus B3 GV that triggered outbreaks in China in 2006 - 2012. Infect Dis Now 2020; 51:81-85. [PMID: 33007404 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 serotype GV caused the epidemic of Coxsackievirus B3 infection in China from 2006 to 2012. To study the evolution and recombination of Coxsackievirus B3 serotype GV, we performed recombination and phylogenetic analysis of 499 complete genomes of Enterovirus B available in GenBank, dated April 2019. Results indicated that most of the strains of Coxsackievirus B3 GV in P1 region were derived from a Coxsackievirus B3 GVI parent, and in P2-3 region from EchoV E25 strain, with nucleotide identities of 97.2% and 94.7%, respectively. Other strains of Coxsackievirus B3 GV-C1 in P1-P2 regions were derived from Coxsackievirus B3 GV-C3, whereas those in P3 regions were from CVB5. These naturally occurring recombination events were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. This study indicates that two naturally occurring recombination gave rise to the coxsackievirus B3 GV that triggered outbreaks in China in 2006 - 2012.
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Wang K, Jiang Z, Lu X, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Luo D, Lin Z, Zuo Y, Luo Q. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Senp2 contributes to CVB3 viral replication and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106941. [PMID: 33182061 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is characterized by cardiac inflammation and excessive inflammatory responses after viral infection. SENP2, a deSUMO-specific protease, has been reported to regulate antiviral innate immunity. This study aimed to investigate whether SENP2 affects CVB3-induced VMC. We generated a CVB3-induced VMC mouse model in 6-week-old cardiomyocyte-specific Senp2 knockout mice. The mice were sacrificed at days 0, 2, 4 and 6 after CVB3 infection. The survival rate, body weight, myocardial histopathological changes, viral load, cytokine levels and antiviral gene expression in cardiac tissues of both groups were investigated. Our study indicated that the expression of Senp2 in primary cardiomyocytes was upregulated by CVB3 infection. Moreover, deletion of Senp2 in the heart exacerbated CVB3 infection-induced myocarditis, facilitated CVB3 viral replication and downregulated the expression of antiviral proteins. In conclusion, our findings suggest a protective role for SENP2 in CVB3-induced VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Wang
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zaixue Jiang
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zitian Lin
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, The Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medical, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Qingming Luo
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China.
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7
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Fu X, Mao L, Wan Z, Xu R, Ma Y, Shen L, Jin X, Zhang C. High proportion of coxsackievirus B3 genotype A in hand, foot and mouth disease in Zhenjiang, China, 2011–2016. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 87:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Huang K, Wang J, Tian H, Song Y, Yang Q, Yan D, Zhu S, Yao M, Wang X, Xu W. Two Coxsackievirus B3 outbreaks associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in China and the evolutionary history worldwide. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:466. [PMID: 31126252 PMCID: PMC6534883 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) is usually associated with aseptic meningitis and myocarditis; however, the association between CV-B3 and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has not been clearly demonstrated, and the phylogenetic dynamics and transmission history of CV-B3 have not been well summarized. METHOD Two HFMD outbreaks caused by CV-B3 were described in Hebei Province in 2012 and in Shandong Province in 2016 in China. To analyze the epidemiological features of two CV-B3 outbreaks, a retrospective analysis was conducted. All clinical specimens from CV-B3 outbreaks were collected and disposed according to the standard procedures supported by the WHO Global Poliovirus Specialized Laboratory. EV genotyping and phylogenetic analysis were performed to illustrate the genetic characteristics of CV-B3 in China and worldwide. RESULTS Two transmissible lineages (lineage 2 and 3) were observed in Northern China, which acted as an important "reservoir" for the transmission of CV-B3. Sporadic exporting and importing of cases were observed in almost all regions. In addition, the global sequences of CV-B3 showed a tendency of geographic-specific clustering, indicating that geographic-driven adaptation plays a major role in the diversification and evolution of CV-B3. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study indicated that CV-B3 is a causative agent of HFMD outbreak and revealed the phylogenetic dynamics of CV-B3 worldwide, as well as provided an insight on CV-B3 outbreaks for effective intervention and countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqiang Huang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Tian
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiao Yao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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9
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Huang K, Cui H, Hong M, Tang H, Song Y, Yang Q, Zhu S, Yan D, Xu W. Genetic characterization and molecular epidemiological analysis of novel enterovirus EV-B80 in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:193. [PMID: 30482903 PMCID: PMC6258725 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus B80 (EV-B80) is a newly identified serotype belonging to the enterovirus B species. To date, only two full-length genomic sequences of EV-B80 are available in GenBank, and few studies on EV-B80 have been conducted in China or worldwide. More information and research on EV-B80 is needed to assess its genetic characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and association with enteroviral diseases. In this study, we report the phylogenetic characteristics of three Xinjiang EV-B80 strains and one Tibet EV-B80 strain in China. The full-length genomic sequences of four strains show 78.8-79% nucleotide identity and 94-94.2% amino acid identity with the prototype of EV-B80, indicating a tendency for evolution. Based on a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the entire VP1 region, three genotypes (A-C) were defined, revealing the possible origin of EV-B80 strains in the mainland of China. Recombination analysis revealed intraspecies recombinations in all four EV-B80 strains in nonstructural regions along with two recombination patterns. Due to the geographic factor, the coevolution of EV-B strains formed two different patterns of circulation. An antibody seroprevalence study against EV-B80 in two Xinjiang prefectures also showed that EV-B80 strains were widely prevalent in Xinjiang, China, compared to other studies on EV-B106 and EV-B89. All four EV-B80 strains are not temperature sensitive, showing a higher transmissibility in the population. In summary, this study reports the full-length genomic sequences of EV-B80 and provides valuable information on global EV-B80 molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqiang Huang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cui
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Hong
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishu Tang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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10
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Laitinen OH, Svedin E, Kapell S, Hankaniemi MM, Larsson PG, Domsgen E, Stone VM, Määttä JAE, Hyöty H, Hytönen VP, Flodström-Tullberg M. New Coxsackievirus 2A pro and 3C pro protease antibodies for virus detection and discovery of pathogenic mechanisms. J Virol Methods 2018; 255:29-37. [PMID: 29425680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs), such as the Coxsackie B-viruses (CVBs), are common human pathogens, which can cause severe diseases including meningitis, myocarditis and neonatal sepsis. EVs encode two proteases (2Apro and 3Cpro), which perform the proteolytic cleavage of the CVB polyprotein and also cleave host cell proteins to facilitate viral replication. The 2Apro cause direct damage to the infected heart and tools to investigate 2Apro and 3Cpro expression may contribute new knowledge on virus-induced pathologies. Here, we developed new antibodies to CVB-encoded 2Apro and 3Cpro; Two monoclonal 2Apro antibodies and one 3Cpro antibody were produced. Using cells infected with selected viruses belonging to the EV A, B and C species and immunocytochemistry, we demonstrate that the 3Cpro antibody detects all of the EV species B (EV-B) viruses tested and that the 2Apro antibody detects all EV-B viruses apart from Echovirus 9. We furthermore show that the new antibodies work in Western blotting, immunocyto- and immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to detect CVBs. Confocal microscopy demonstrated the expression kinetics of 2Apro and 3Cpro, and revealed a preferential cytosolic localization of the proteases in CVB3 infected cells. In summary, the new antibodies detect proteases that belong to EV species B in cells and tissue using multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli H Laitinen
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Emma Svedin
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Kapell
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Minna M Hankaniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pär G Larsson
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Erna Domsgen
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Virginia M Stone
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Juha A E Määttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- The Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
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11
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Zhang W, Lin X, Jiang P, Tao Z, Liu X, Ji F, Wang T, Wang S, Lv H, Xu A, Wang H. Complete genome sequence of a coxsackievirus B3 recombinant isolated from an aseptic meningitis outbreak in eastern China. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2335-42. [PMID: 27236460 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) has frequently been associated with aseptic meningitis outbreaks in China. To identify sequence motifs related to aseptic meningitis and to construct an infectious clone, the genome sequence of 08TC170, a representative strain isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from an outbreak in Shandong in 2008, was determined, and the coding regions for P1-P3 and VP1 were aligned. The first 21 and last 20 residues were "TTAAAACAGCCTGTGGGTTGT" and "ATTCTCCGCATTCGGTGCGG", respectively. The whole genome consisted of 7401 nucleotides, sharing 80.8 % identity with the prototype strain Nancy and low sequence similarity with members of clusters A-C. In contrast, 08TC170 showed high sequence similarity to members of cluster D. An especially high level of sequence identity (≥97.7 %) was found within a branch constituted by 08TC170 and four Chinese strains that clustered together in all of the P1-P3 phylogenic trees. In addition, 08TC170 also possessed a close relationship to the Hong Kong strain 26362/08 in VP1. Similarity plot analysis showed that 08TC170 was most similar to the Chinese CV-B3 strain SSM in P1 and the partial P2 coding region but to the CV-B5 or E-6 strain in 2C and following regions. A T277A mutation was found in 08TC170 and other strains isolated in 2008-2010, but not in strains isolated before 2008, which had high sequence similarity and formed the cluster A277. The results suggested that 08TC170 was the product of both intertypic recombination and point mutation, whose effects on viral neurovirulence will be investigated in a further study. The high homology between 08TC170 and other strains revealed their co-circulation in mainland China and Hong Kong and indicates that further surveillance is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zexin Tao
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ji
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongzhan Wang
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suting Wang
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lv
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqiang Xu
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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