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Hernández-Piedra G, Ruiz-Carrera V, Sánchez AJ, Azpeitia-Morales A, Calva-Calva G. Induction of Hairy Roots on Somatic Embryos of Rhizoclones from Typha domingensis Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9121679. [PMID: 33271755 PMCID: PMC7760117 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for the induction of hairy roots on somatic embryos of rhizoclones from Typha domingensis seedlings grown in hydroponic rhizotron systems was established for the first time. Rhizogenesis was induced through the agrotransformation of somatic embryos in oblong and scutellar states of development using the K599, LBA9402, and A4 strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The transfection to the embryos was performed by cocultivation of rhizoclones on a Murashige and Skoog mineral medium at 50% strength (MS0.5), in the dark, at 28 ± 2 °C for 72 h. In contrast to nontransformed embryos that did not exhibit any root tissue, transformed embryos presented hairy roots that varied in number, length, and density depending on the bacterial strain, and K599 was the most effective strain. After analysis via optical microscopy, the transformed embryos were collected and transferred to fresh culture media supplemented with 400 mg mL-1 cefotaxime and 10 mg L-1 ascorbic acid. The efficiency of transformation and survival of the oblong and scutellar embryos were similar among the three bacterial strains. The results show that agrotransformation of somatic embryos of rhizoclones from T. domingensis is a novel and viable strategy for the generation of genetic transformants of Typha that have potential applications in bioremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Hernández-Piedra
- Programa de Doctorado en Ecología y Manejo de Sistemas Tropicales, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5 S/N Entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Violeta Ruiz-Carrera
- Diagnóstico y Manejo de Humedales Tropicales, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5 S/N Entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | - Alberto J. Sánchez
- Diagnóstico y Manejo de Humedales Tropicales, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5 S/N Entronque a Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | - Alfonso Azpeitia-Morales
- Campo Experimental Huimanguillo, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Huimanguillo, Km. 1 Carretera Huimanguillo-Cárdenas, Huimanguillo 86400, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | - Graciano Calva-Calva
- Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
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Olivares-García CA, Mata-Rosas M, Peña-Montes C, Quiroz-Figueroa F, Segura-Cabrera A, Shannon LM, Loyola-Vargas VM, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Ibarra-Laclette E, Ramirez-Vázquez M, Guerrero-Analco JA, Ruiz-May E. Phenylpropanoids Are Connected to Cell Wall Fortification and Stress Tolerance in Avocado Somatic Embryogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165679. [PMID: 32784357 PMCID: PMC7460882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a valuable model for understanding the mechanism of plant embryogenesis and a tool for the mass production of plants. However, establishing SE in avocado has been complicated due to the very low efficiency of embryo induction and plant regeneration. To understand the molecular foundation of the SE induction and development in avocado, we compared embryogenic (EC) and non-embryogenic (NEC) cultures of two avocado varieties using proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Although Criollo and Hass EC exhibited similarities in the proteome and metabolome profile, in general, we observed a more active phenylpropanoid pathway in EC than NEC. This pathway is associated with the tolerance of stress responses, probably through the reinforcement of the cell wall and flavonoid production. We could corroborate that particular polyphenolics compounds, including p-coumaric acid and t-ferulic acid, stimulated the production of somatic embryos in avocado. Exogen phenolic compounds were associated with the modification of the content of endogenous polyphenolic and the induction of the production of the putative auxin-a, adenosine, cellulose and 1,26-hexacosanediol-diferulate. We suggest that in EC of avocado, there is an enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism for the production of the building blocks of lignin and flavonoid compounds having a role in cell wall reinforcement for tolerating stress response. Data are available at ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019705.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Olivares-García
- Red de Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (C.A.O.-G.); (M.M.-R.)
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Veracruz CP 91897, Mexico
| | - Martín Mata-Rosas
- Red de Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (C.A.O.-G.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Carolina Peña-Montes
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Veracruz CP 91897, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.P.-M.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Francisco Quiroz-Figueroa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional-Unidad Sinaloa, Boulevard Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes # 250, Col. San Joachin, Guasave, Sinaloa 81101, Mexico;
| | - Aldo Segura-Cabrera
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK;
| | - Laura M. Shannon
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Victor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97205, Mexico;
| | - Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (J.L.M.-V.); (J.M.E.-C.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.); (J.A.G.-A.)
| | - Jose M. Elizalde-Contreras
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (J.L.M.-V.); (J.M.E.-C.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.); (J.A.G.-A.)
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (J.L.M.-V.); (J.M.E.-C.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.); (J.A.G.-A.)
| | - Mónica Ramirez-Vázquez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (J.L.M.-V.); (J.M.E.-C.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.); (J.A.G.-A.)
| | - José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (J.L.M.-V.); (J.M.E.-C.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.); (J.A.G.-A.)
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico; (J.L.M.-V.); (J.M.E.-C.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.); (J.A.G.-A.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.-M.); (E.R.-M.)
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Du B, Zhang Q, Cao Q, Xing Y, Qin L, Fang K. Changes of cell wall components during embryogenesis of Castanea mollissima. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:257-270. [PMID: 32036472 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) 'Huaihuang' was chosen as the experimental material to observe embryogenesis and the dynamic changes of cell wall components during this process. Various developmental stages of embryos, including globular embryos, heart embryos, torpedo embryos and cotyledon embryos, were observed. The results showed that during embryogenesis, cellulose increased, and callose rapidly degraded. In the cell walls of developing embryos, pectic homogalacturonan (HG), especially low-esterified HG, was abundant, suggesting rapid synthesis and de-methyl-esterification of HG. Extensin and galactan increased with the development of the embryos. In contrast, the arabinan epitopes decreased in developing embryos but were more abundant than galactan epitopes at all stages. Xylan epitopes showed explicit boundaries between the outer epidermal wall and the rest of the inner tissues, and the fluorescence intensity of the outer epidermal wall was significantly higher than that of the inner tissues. Furthermore, the results indicated that the outer epidermal wall contained high amounts of cellulose, HG pectin and hemicellulose, especially arabinan and xylan. These results suggested the presence of rapid pectin metabolism, cellulose synthesis, rapid degradation of callose, different distributive patterns and dynamic changes of hemicellulose (galactan, arabinan and xylan) and extensin during embryogenesis. Various cell wall components exist in different tissues of the embryo, and dynamic changes in cell wall components are involved in the embryonic development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshuai Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Road Beinong, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Road Beinong, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qingqin Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Road Beinong, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Road Beinong, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Road Beinong, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Kefeng Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Road Beinong, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China), Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Ingram GC. Family plot: the impact of the endosperm and other extra-embryonic seed tissues on angiosperm zygotic embryogenesis. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32055398 PMCID: PMC6961419 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21527.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The zygotic embryos of angiosperms develop buried deep within seeds and surrounded by two main extra-embryonic tissues: the maternally derived seed coat tissues and the zygotic endosperm. Generally, these tissues are considered to play an important role in nurturing the developing embryo by acting as conduits for maternally derived nutrients. They are also critical for key seed traits (dormancy establishment and control, longevity, and physical resistance) and thus for seed and seedling survival. However, recent studies have highlighted the fact that extra-embryonic tissues in the seed also physically and metabolically limit embryonic development and that unique mechanisms may have evolved to overcome specific developmental and genetic constraints associated with the seed habit in angiosperms. The aim of this review is to illustrate how these studies have begun to reveal the highly complex physical and physiological relationship between extra-embryonic tissues and the developing embryo. Where possible I focus on Arabidopsis because of space constraints, but other systems will be cited where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth C Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
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Sala K, Karcz J, Rypień A, Kurczyńska EU. Unmethyl-esterified homogalacturonan and extensins seal Arabidopsis graft union. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:151. [PMID: 30999851 PMCID: PMC6472031 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting is a technique widely used in horticulture. The processes involved in grafting are diverse, and the technique is commonly employed in studies focusing on the mechanisms that regulate cell differentiation or response of plants to abiotic stress. Information on the changes in the composition of the cell wall that occur during the grafting process is scarce. Therefore, this study was carried out for analyzing the composition of the cell wall using Arabidopsis hypocotyls as an example. During the study, the formation of a layer that covers the surface of the graft union was observed. So, this study also aimed to describe the histological and cellular changes that accompany autografting of Arabidopsis hypocotyls and to perform preliminary chemical and structural analyses of extracellular material that seals the graft union. RESULTS During grafting, polyphenolic and lipid compounds were detected, along with extracellular deposition of carbohydrate/protein material. The spatiotemporal changes observed in the structure of the extracellular material included the formation of a fibrillar network, polymerization of the fibrillar network into a membranous layer, and the presence of bead-like structures on the surface of cells in established graft union. These bead-like structures appeared either "closed" or "open". Only three cell wall epitopes, namely: LM19 (un/low-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan), JIM11, and JIM20 (extensins), were detected abundantly on the cut surfaces that made the adhesion plane, as well as in the structure that covered the graft union and in the bead-like structures, during the subsequent stages of regeneration. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the composition and structure of the extracellular material that gets deposited on the surface of graft union during Arabidopsis grafting. The results showed that unmethyl-esterified homogalacturonan and extensins are together involved in the adhesion of scion and stock, as well as taking part in sealing the graft union. The extracellular material is of importance not only due to the potential pectin-extensin interaction but also due to its origin. The findings presented here implicate a need for studies with biochemical approach for a detailed analysis of the composition and structure of the extracellular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sala
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28 St, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Laboratory of Microscopy Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28 St, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rypień
- Laboratory of Microscopy Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28 St, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa U. Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28 St, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Pérez-Pastrana J, Islas-Flores I, Bárány I, Álvarez-López D, Canto-Flick A, Canto-Canché B, Peña-Yam L, Muñoz-Ramírez L, Avilés-Viñas S, Testillano PS, Santana-Buzzy N. Development of the ovule and seed of Habanero chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.): Anatomical characterization and immunocytochemical patterns of pectin methyl-esterification. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 230:1-12. [PMID: 30134217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovule and seed development in plants has long fascinated the scientific community given the complex cell coordination implicated in these processes. These cell events are highly conserved but are not necessarily representative of all plants. In this study, with the aim of obtaining information regarding the cellular patterns that follow the usual development of the ovule and the zygotic embryo, we carried out an integral anatomical study of the Capsicum chinense Jacq., floral buds and seeds at various days during maturation. This study allowed us to identify the main histo-morphological stages accompanying the transition of somatic cells into the macrospore, female gamete, and the zygotic embryogenesis. This knowledge is fundamental for future biotechnological research focused on solving the morphological recalcitrance observed during the in vitro induction of somatic or microspore embryogenesis in Capsicum. For the first time in C. chinense, we have described the hypostases, a putative source of plant growth regulators, and "the corrosion cavity", a space around the embryo. Additionally, the cell wall pectin-esterification status was investigated by immunohistology. At early stages of morphogenesis, the pectin is highly methyl-esterified; however, methyl-esterification decreases gradually throughout the process. A comparison of the results obtained here, together with the histo- and immunological changes occurring during the somatic and microspore embryogenesis, should help to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms that trigger the morphogenic events in Capsicum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Pérez-Pastrana
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Islas-Flores
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ivett Bárány
- Pollen biotechnology of crop plants group, Biological Research Center, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dulce Álvarez-López
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Adriana Canto-Flick
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Blondy Canto-Canché
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Laura Peña-Yam
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Liliana Muñoz-Ramírez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Susana Avilés-Viñas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen biotechnology of crop plants group, Biological Research Center, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nancy Santana-Buzzy
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Potocka I, Godel K, Dobrowolska I, Kurczyńska EU. Spatio-temporal localization of selected pectic and arabinogalactan protein epitopes and the ultrastructural characteristics of explant cells that accompany the changes in the cell fate during somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:573-589. [PMID: 29727861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During somatic embryogenesis (SE), explant cells undergo changes in the direction of their differentiation, which lead to diverse cell phenotypes. Although the genetic bases of the SE have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about the chemical characteristics of the wall of the explant cells, which undergo changes in the direction of differentiation. Thus, we examined the occurrence of selected pectic and AGP epitopes in explant cells that display different phenotypes during SE. Explants examinations have been supplemented with an analysis of the ultrastructure. The deposition of selected pectic and AGP epitopes in somatic embryos was determined. Compared to an explant at the initial stage, a/embryogenic/totipotent and meristematic/pluripotent cells were characterized by a decrease in the presence of AGP epitopes, b/the presence of AGP epitopes in differentiated cells was similar, and c/an increase of analyzed epitopes was detected in the callus cells. Totipotent cells could be distinguished from pluripotent cells by: 1/the presence of the LM2 epitope in the latest one, 2/the appearance of the JIM16 epitope in totipotent cells, and 3/the more abundant presence of the JIM7 epitope in the totipotent cells. The LM5 epitope characterized the wall of the cells that were localized within the mass of embryogenic domain. The JIM8, JIM13 and JIM16 AGP epitopes appeared to be the most specific for the callus cells. The results indicate a relationship between the developmental state of the explant cells and the chemical composition of the cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Potocka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamila Godel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Dobrowolska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa U Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
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8
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Das PK, Biswas R, Anjum N, Das AK, Maiti MK. Rice matrix metalloproteinase OsMMP1 plays pleiotropic roles in plant development and symplastic-apoplastic transport by modulating cellulose and callose depositions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2783. [PMID: 29426868 PMCID: PMC5807377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are well-known proteolytic enzymes in animal systems and play roles in tissue differentiation, growth, and defence. Although a few plant MMPs have been reported, their exact functions in development and growth remain elusive. In this study, we characterized the promoter and coding sequence of OsMMP1, one of the putative MMP genes in rice (Oryza sativa). The OsMMP1 catalytic domain is structurally similar to human MMPs with respect to cofactor orientation as predicted by homology modeling. Bacterially expressed recombinant OsMMP1 showed protease activity with bovine serum albumin and gelatin as substrates. Analyses of transcript accumulation and promoter-reporter gene expression revealed that OsMMP1 is spatio-temporally expressed in vegetative and reproductive parts of plants. The plasma membrane-localized OsMMP1 protease affected plant development upon heterologous expression in tobacco and endogenous gene silencing in rice. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing OsMMP1 showed enhanced deposition of cellulose and callose, leading to impairment of symplastic and apoplastic translocations. Moreover, transgenic tobacco tissues exhibited tolerance to oxidative stress-inducing agent by confining the area of tissue death owing to callose lining. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the involvement of a plant MMP in growth, organ differentiation, and development in relation to cell wall modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Rupam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Nazma Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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