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Gómez Gómez L, Morote L, Frusciante S, Rambla JL, Diretto G, Niza E, López-Jimenez AJ, Mondejar M, Rubio-Moraga Á, Argandoña J, Presa S, Martín-Belmonte A, Luján R, Granell A, Ahrazem O. Fortification and bioaccessibility of saffron apocarotenoids in potato tubers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1045979. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1045979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are C40 isoprenoids with well-established roles in photosynthesis, pollination, photoprotection, and hormone biosynthesis. The enzymatic or ROS-induced cleavage of carotenoids generates a group of compounds named apocarotenoids, with an increasing interest by virtue of their metabolic, physiological, and ecological activities. Both classes are used industrially in a variety of fields as colorants, supplements, and bio-actives. Crocins and picrocrocin, two saffron apocarotenoids, are examples of high-value pigments utilized in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a unique construct was achieved, namely O6, which contains CsCCD2L, UGT74AD1, and UGT709G1 genes responsible for the biosynthesis of saffron apocarotenoids driven by a patatin promoter for the generation of potato tubers producing crocins and picrocrocin. Different tuber potatoes accumulated crocins and picrocrocin ranging from 19.41–360 to 105–800 μg/g DW, respectively, with crocetin, crocin 1 [(crocetin-(β-D-glucosyl)-ester)] and crocin 2 [(crocetin)-(β-D-glucosyl)-(β-D-glucosyl)-ester)] being the main compounds detected. The pattern of carotenoids and apocarotenoids were distinct between wild type and transgenic tubers and were related to changes in the expression of the pathway genes, especially from PSY2, CCD1, and CCD4. In addition, the engineered tubers showed higher antioxidant capacity, up to almost 4-fold more than the wild type, which is a promising sign for the potential health advantages of these lines. In order to better investigate these aspects, different cooking methods were applied, and each process displayed a significant impact on the retention of apocarotenoids. More in detail, the in vitro bioaccessibility of these metabolites was found to be higher in boiled potatoes (97.23%) compared to raw, baked, and fried ones (80.97, 78.96, and 76.18%, respectively). Overall, this work shows that potatoes can be engineered to accumulate saffron apocarotenoids that, when consumed, can potentially offer better health benefits. Moreover, the high bioaccessibility of these compounds revealed that potato is an excellent way to deliver crocins and picrocrocin, while also helping to improve its nutritional value.
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Recent Advances in Molecular Improvement for Potato Tuber Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179982. [PMID: 36077378 PMCID: PMC9456189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is an important crop due to its nutritional value and high yield potential. Improving the quality and quantity of tubers remains one of the most important breeding objectives. Genetic mapping helps to identify suitable markers for use in the molecular breeding, and combined with transgenic approaches provides an efficient way for gaining desirable traits. The advanced plant breeding tools and molecular techniques, e.g., TALENS, CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi, and cisgenesis, have been successfully used to improve the yield and nutritional value of potatoes in an increasing world population scenario. The emerging methods like genome editing tools can avoid incorporating transgene to keep the food more secure. Multiple success cases have been documented in genome editing literature. Recent advances in potato breeding and transgenic approaches to improve tuber quality and quantity have been summarized in this review.
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Gupta P, Rodriguez-Franco M, Bodanapu R, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Phytoene synthase 2 in tomato fruits remains functional and contributes to abscisic acid formation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111177. [PMID: 35151443 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In ripening tomato fruits, the leaf-specific carotenoids biosynthesis mediated by phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2) is replaced by a fruit-specific pathway by the expression of two chromoplast-specific genes: phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and lycopene-β-cyclase (CYCB). Though both PSY1 and PSY2 genes express in tomato fruits, the functional role of PSY2 is not known. To decipher whether PSY2-mediated carotenogenesis operates in ripening fruits, we blocked the in vivo activity of lycopene-β-cyclases in fruits of several carotenoids and ripening mutants by CPTA (2-(4-Chlorophenylthio)triethylamine hydrochloride), an inhibitor of lycopene-β-cyclases. The CPTA-treatment induced accumulation of lycopene in leaves, immature-green and ripening fruits. Even in psy1 mutants V7 and r that are deficient in fruit-specific carotenoid biosynthesis, CPTA triggered lycopene accumulation but lowered the abscisic acid level. Differing from fruit-specific carotenogenesis, CPTA-treated V7 and r mutant fruits accumulated lycopene but not phytoene and phytofluene. The lack of phytoene and phytofluene accumulation was reminiscent of PSY2-mediated leaf-like carotenogenesis, where phytoene and phytofluene accumulation is never seen. The lycopene accumulation was associated with the partial transformation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts bearing thread-like structures. Our study uncovers the operation of a parallel carotenogenesis pathway mediated by PSY2 that provides precursors for abscisic acid biosynthesis in ripening tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Gupta
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Marta Rodriguez-Franco
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany.
| | - Reddaiah Bodanapu
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Okamoto H, Ducreux LJM, Allwood JW, Hedley PE, Wright A, Gururajan V, Terry MJ, Taylor MA. Light Regulation of Chlorophyll and Glycoalkaloid Biosynthesis During Tuber Greening of Potato S. tuberosum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:753. [PMID: 32760410 PMCID: PMC7372192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potato, S. tuberosum, is one of the most important global crops, but has high levels of waste due to tuber greening under light, which is associated with the accumulation of neurotoxic glycoalkaloids. However, unlike the situation in de-etiolating seedlings, the mechanisms underlying tuber greening are not well understood. Here, we have investigated the effect of monochromatic blue, red, and far-red light on the regulation of chlorophyll and glycoalkaloid accumulation in potato tubers. Blue and red wavelengths were effective for induction and accumulation of chlorophyll, carotenoids and the two major potato glycoalkaloids, α-solanine and α-chaconine, whereas none of these accumulated in darkness or under far-red light. Key genes in chlorophyll biosynthesis (HEMA1, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme glutamyl-tRNA reductase, GSA, CHLH and GUN4) and six genes (HMG1, SQS, CAS1, SSR2, SGT1 and SGT2) required for glycoalkaloid synthesis were also induced under white, blue, and red light but not in darkness or under far-red light. These data suggest a role for both cryptochrome and phytochrome photoreceptors in chlorophyll and glycoalkaloid accumulation. The contribution of phytochrome was further supported by the observation that far-red light could inhibit white light-induced chlorophyll and glycoalkaloid accumulation and associated gene expression. Transcriptomic analysis of tubers exposed to white, blue, and red light showed that light induction of photosynthesis and tetrapyrrole-related genes grouped into three distinct groups with one group showing a generally progressive induction by light at both 6 h and 24 h, a second group showing induction at 6 h in all light treatments, but induction only by red and white light at 24 h and a third showing just a very moderate light induction at 6 h which was reduced to the dark control level at 24 h. All glycoalkaloid synthesis genes showed a group one profile consistent with what was seen for the most light regulated chlorophyll synthesis genes. Our data provide a molecular framework for developing new approaches to reducing waste due to potato greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Okamoto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - J. William Allwood
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Wright
- Branston Ltd., Lincoln, United Kingdom
- B-hive Innovations Ltd., Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Vidyanath Gururajan
- Branston Ltd., Lincoln, United Kingdom
- B-hive Innovations Ltd., Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Terry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Taylor
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Sun T, Yuan H, Cao H, Yazdani M, Tadmor Y, Li L. Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants: The Role of Plastids. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:58-74. [PMID: 28958604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are indispensable to plants and critical in human diets. Plastids are the organelles for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage in plant cells. They exist in various types, which include proplastids, etioplasts, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts. These plastids have dramatic differences in their capacity to synthesize and sequester carotenoids. Clearly, plastids play a central role in governing carotenogenic activity, carotenoid stability, and pigment diversity. Understanding of carotenoid metabolism and accumulation in various plastids expands our view on the multifaceted regulation of carotenogenesis and facilitates our efforts toward developing nutrient-enriched food crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of various types of plastids on carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory control of carotenogenesis and metabolic engineering of carotenoids in light of plastid types in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hongbo Cao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Mohammad Yazdani
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Israeli Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Kang L, Ji CY, Kim SH, Ke Q, Park SC, Kim HS, Lee HU, Lee JS, Park WS, Ahn MJ, Lee HS, Deng X, Kwak SS. Suppression of the β-carotene hydroxylase gene increases β-carotene content and tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic sweetpotato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 117:24-33. [PMID: 28587990 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
β-carotene, a carotenoid that plays a key photo-protective role in plants is converted into zeaxanthin by β-carotene hydroxylase (CHY-β). Previous work showed that down-regulation of IbCHY-β by RNA interference (RNAi) results in higher levels of β-carotene and total carotenoids, as well as salt stress tolerance, in cultured transgenic sweetpotato cells. In this study, we introduced the RNAi-IbCHY-β construct into a white-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar (cv. Yulmi) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Among the 13 resultant transgenic sweetpotato plants (referred to as RC plants), three lines were selected for further characterization on the basis of IbCHY-β transcript levels. The RC plants had orange flesh, total carotenoid and β-carotene contents in storage roots were 2-fold and 16-fold higher, respectively, than those of non-transgenic (NT) plants. Unlike storage roots, total carotenoid and β-carotene levels in the leaves of RC plants were slightly increased compared to NT plants. The leaves of RC plants also exhibited tolerance to methyl viologen (MV)-mediated oxidative stress, which was associated with higher 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. In addition, RC plants maintained higher levels of chlorophyll and higher photosystem II efficiency than NT plants after 250 mM NaCl stress. Yield of storage roots did not differ significantly between RC and NT plants. These observations suggest that RC plants might be useful as a nutritious and environmental stress-tolerant crop on marginal lands around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Ji
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Qingbo Ke
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Un Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 199 Muan-ro, Muan-gun 58545, South Korea
| | - Joon Seol Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 199 Muan-ro, Muan-gun 58545, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Haeng-Soon Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
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Nagel R, Bernholz C, Vranová E, Košuth J, Bergau N, Ludwig S, Wessjohann L, Gershenzon J, Tissier A, Schmidt A. Arabidopsis thaliana isoprenyl diphosphate synthases produce the C25 intermediate geranylfarnesyl diphosphate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:847-59. [PMID: 26505977 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs) catalyze some of the most basic steps in terpene biosynthesis by producing the prenyl diphosphate precursors of each of the various terpenoid classes. Most plants investigated have distinct enzymes that produce the short-chain all-trans (E) prenyl diphosphates geranyl diphosphate (GDP, C10 ), farnesyl diphosphate (FDP, C15 ) or geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP, C20 ). In the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, 15 trans-product-forming IDSs are present. Ten of these have recently been shown to produce GGDP by genetic complementation of a carotenoid pathway engineered into Escherichia coli. When verifying the product pattern of IDSs producing GGDP by a new LC-MS/MS procedure, we found that five of these IDSs produce geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFDP, C25 ) instead of GGDP as their major product in enzyme assays performed in vitro. Over-expression of one of the GFDP synthases in A. thaliana confirmed the production of GFDP in vivo. Enzyme assays with A. thaliana protein extracts from roots but not other organs showed formation of GFDP. Furthermore, GFDP itself was detected in root extracts. Subcellular localization studies in leaves indicated that four of the GFDP synthases were targeted to the plastoglobules of the chloroplast and one was targeted to the mitochondria. Sequence comparison and mutational studies showed that the size of the R group of the 5th amino acid residue N-terminal to the first aspartate-rich motif is responsible for C25 versus C20 product formation, with smaller R groups (Ala and Ser) resulting in GGDP (C20 ) as a product and a larger R group (Met) resulting in GFDP (C25 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Nagel
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans Knoell Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Bernholz
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Vranová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Košuth
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nick Bergau
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steve Ludwig
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans Knoell Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans Knoell Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Campbell R, Morris WL, Mortimer CL, Misawa N, Ducreux LJM, Morris JA, Hedley PE, Fraser PD, Taylor MA. Optimising ketocarotenoid production in potato tubers: effect of genetic background, transgene combinations and environment. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:27-37. [PMID: 25804807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a high value carotenoid produced by some bacteria, a few green algae, several fungi but only a limited number of plants from the genus Adonis. Astaxanthin has been industrially exploited as a feed supplement in poultry farming and aquaculture. Consumption of ketocarotenoids, most notably astaxanthin, is also increasingly associated with a wide range of health benefits, as demonstrated in numerous clinical studies. Currently astaxanthin is produced commercially by chemical synthesis or from algal production systems. Several studies have used a metabolic engineering approach to produce astaxanthin in transgenic plants. Previous attempts to produce transgenic potato tubers biofortified with astaxanthin have met with limited success. In this study we have investigated approaches to optimising tuber astaxanthin content. It is demonstrated that the selection of appropriate parental genotype for transgenic approaches and stacking carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes with the cauliflower Or gene result in enhanced astaxanthin content, to give six-fold higher tuber astaxanthin content than has been achieved previously. Additionally we demonstrate the effects of growth environment on tuber carotenoid content in both wild type and astaxanthin-producing transgenic lines and describe the associated transcriptome and metabolome restructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Campbell
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Wayne L Morris
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Cara L Mortimer
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-machi, Iskhikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Laurence J M Ducreux
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jenny A Morris
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Pete E Hedley
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | - Mark A Taylor
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
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Spiegel H, Boes A, Voepel N, Beiss V, Edgue G, Rademacher T, Sack M, Schillberg S, Reimann A, Fischer R. Application of a Scalable Plant Transient Gene Expression Platform for Malaria Vaccine Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1169. [PMID: 26779197 PMCID: PMC4688378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive research efforts there is currently no vaccine that provides sustained sterile immunity against malaria. In this context, a large number of targets from the different stages of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. None of these candidates has fulfilled expectations, and as long as we lack a single target that induces strain-transcending protective immune responses, combining key antigens from different life cycle stages seems to be the most promising route toward the development of efficacious malaria vaccines. After the identification of potential targets using approaches such as omics-based technology and reverse immunology, the rapid expression, purification, and characterization of these proteins, as well as the generation and analysis of fusion constructs combining different promising antigens or antigen domains before committing to expensive and time consuming clinical development, represents one of the bottlenecks in the vaccine development pipeline. The production of recombinant proteins by transient gene expression in plants is a robust and versatile alternative to cell-based microbial and eukaryotic production platforms. The transfection of plant tissues and/or whole plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens offers a low technical entry barrier, low costs, and a high degree of flexibility embedded within a rapid and scalable workflow. Recombinant proteins can easily be targeted to different subcellular compartments according to their physicochemical requirements, including post-translational modifications, to ensure optimal yields of high quality product, and to support simple and economical downstream processing. Here, we demonstrate the use of a plant transient expression platform based on transfection with A. tumefaciens as essential component of a malaria vaccine development workflow involving screens for expression, solubility, and stability using fluorescent fusion proteins. Our results have been implemented for the evidence-based iterative design and expression of vaccine candidates combining suitable P. falciparum antigen domains. The antigens were also produced, purified, and characterized in further studies by taking advantage of the scalability of this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Boes
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Boes
| | - Nadja Voepel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Gueven Edgue
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rademacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Reimann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nick
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany,
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