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Anmol, Aggarwal G, Sharma M, Singh R, Shivani, Sharma U. Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117385. [PMID: 37951375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE India has an extensive reservoir of traditional wisdom and a diverse range of medicinal plants that enrich its heritage. Plants have actively been used for healthcare practices globally since the time immemorial. Medicinal uses of plants have been well recognized in India, evident from plant species documented in different traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda (1400-1800 species), Siddha (500-900 species), Unani (400-700 species), Homeopathy (about 372 species), and Sowa-Rigpa (about 250 species), etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary purpose of this review is to provide systematic updated information on thirteen medicinal plants prioritized by the Indian government (providing75 % subsidy on cultivation cost) based on the availability and market demand of these plants. Updated information regarding the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and conservation status of these plants will help in understanding their pharmacological and commercial importance. This will also help in developing new strategies for their conservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online databases such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar were used to collect the electronically available literature on targeted thirteen plants. Also, different Indian government official websites such as AYUSH (https://www.ayush.gov.in); NMPB (National Medicinal Plants Board) (https://nmpb.nic.in); e.charak (https://echarak.in) were used for collecting information related to the amount of subsidy, trade and price related information of these plants. RESULTS To promote medicinal plant cultivation, the Indian government provides subsidies for cultivating some traditionally important medicinal plants. These plants are divided into three categories according to the subsidy provided to farmers, i.e., 30%, 50%, and 75% of the cost of cultivation. Thirteen medicinal plants which are provided 75% subsidy are Aconitum ferox Wall., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., Berberis aristata DC., Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f., Santalum Album L., Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., and Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. The literature survey reveals the enormous traditional medicinal importance, wide geographical distribution, diverse range of natural products, and broad spectrum of pharmacological activities of these plants. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature survey revealed that although remarkable progress has been made in isolation, bioactivity evaluation, quality assessment, and conservation, there is still a lot of scope for further scientific interventions. Scientific validation of traditionally claimed medicinal potential is lacking for various bioactivities. Some of the bioactivities are performed just on extracts/fractions, so there is a need for proper phytochemical studies to identify active constituents responsible for the specific bioactivity. Further, quality assessment methods using both targeted and non-targeted tools are required to evaluate the quality of these highly-priced medicinal plants and their adulterants. Ultimately, to encourage the cultivation of these endangered medicinal plant species, it is imperative to implement proper legislation and employ in-situ and ex-situ conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Aggarwal
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mehak Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raman Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Guo S, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Tian M. Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes involved in somatic embryogenesis and podophyllotoxin biosynthesis of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T. S. Ying. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1221-1232. [PMID: 36840780 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T. S. Ying, an important source of podophyllotoxin (PTOX), has become a rare and endangered plant because of over-harvesting. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the main way of seedling rapid propagation and germplasm enhancement, but the regeneration of S. hexandrum has not been well established, and the PTOX biosynthesis abilities at different SE stages remain unclear. Therefore, it is extremely important to elucidate the SE mechanism of S. hexandrum and clarify the biosynthesis variation of PTOX. In this study, the transcriptomes of S. hexandrum at different SE stages were sequenced, the contents of PTOX and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin were assayed, and the transcript expression patterns were validated by qRT-PCR. The results revealed that plant hormone (such as auxins, abscisic acid, zeatin, and gibberellins) related pathways were significantly enriched among different SE stages, indicating these plant hormones play important roles in SE of S. hexandrum; the expression levels of a series of PTOX biosynthesis related genes as well as PTOX and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin contents were much higher in embryogenic callus stage than in the other stages, suggesting embryogenic callus stage has the best PTOX biosynthesis ability among different SE stages. This study will contribute to germplasm conservation and fast propagation of S. hexandrum, and facilitate the production of PTOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghu Guo
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Gansu, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Yinchuan, 750002, Gansu, China.
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Gansu, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Yinchuan, 750002, Gansu, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Gansu, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Yinchuan, 750002, Gansu, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Sivanandhan G, Kapildev G, Selvaraj N, Lim YP. The effect of chitosan and β-cyclodextrin on glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) shoot culture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:570-575. [PMID: 36525938 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a polycationic polysaccharide derived from chitin, and β-cyclodextrin is a type of macrocyclic oligosaccharide linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These compounds are recognized as effective elicitors in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. These elicitors were studied to assess the growth of shoots and the synthesis of glucosinolates (GSLs) from elicited shoots in Chinese cabbage under controlled in vitro conditions for the first time. Chitosan at 150 mg L-1 supplemented in the optimized shoot induction recovered maximum quantities of total GSLs (7.344 μmol g-1 DW) at the end of 5th week of culture duration, followed by β-cyclodextrin (15 mg L-1) with the synthesis of GSLs (6.379 μmol g-1 DW) at the end of 4th week of culture. The application of chitosan completely deteriorated the growth of shoots, whereas β-cyclodextrin did not affect and even increased the growth of shoots (4.66 g DW). Upon elicitation, the individual got GSLs contents exhibited various fold changes (1.78-to-23.5-fold). Real-time PCR analysis of essential GSLs biosynthesis genes like MAM1, ST5b, AOP2, FMOGS-OX1, CYP83B1, CYP81F2, ST5a, and CYP81F4 revealed substantial higher expression upon elicitation. This present study would provide a steady production of GSLs in Chinese cabbage shoots with the influence of carbohydrate-based elicitors for pharmaceutical or food companies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshan Sivanandhan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gnanajothi Kapildev
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Selvaraj
- Department of Botany, Periyar E.V.R College, Tiruchirappalli, 620023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Lv M, Su HY, Li ML, Yang DL, Yao RY, Li MF, Wei JH. Effect of UV-B radiation on growth, flavonoid and podophyllotoxin accumulation, and related gene expression in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:202-209. [PMID: 33280221 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an alpine medicinal plant that produces the anticancer compound podophyllotoxin (PPT). Although a positive relationship between PPT content and altitude has been proved and low temperature enhances plant growth and PPT accumulation has also been revealed, the role of UV radiation in regulating growth and PPT accumulation is still unclear In this study, morphophysiological traits, metabolites content and related genes expression were investigated by exposing S. hexandrum seedlings to treatment with UV-B radiation. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugars and flavonoids, and the expression levels of genes involved in glycometabolism (XET and β-1,3-glucanase) and flavonoid biosynthesis (PAL,C4H,4CL,CHS1 and DTX41) were enhanced in response to UV-B compared to CK. Moreover, genes involved in stress tolerance (MYB, WRKY,APX3 and EX2) were also upregulated in response to UV-B radiation. Although the whole plant biomass exhibited slightly increased values that depended largely on root development, the contents of chlorophyll and PPT and the expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis (matK, ndhF,rbcL and ycf5) and PPT biosynthesis (C3H,CCoAMT,CCR,CAD, DPO, PLR,SDH, CPY719A23,OMT3,CYP71CU1,OMT1and 2-ODD) were significantly decreased in response to UV-B compared to CK. It can be concluded that UV-B radiation promotes soluble sugars and flavonoids accumulation, but inhibits PPT biosynthesis in S. hexandrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lv
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - H-Y Su
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - M-L Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - D-L Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - R-Y Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - M-F Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J-H Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Schultz BJ, Kim SY, Lau W, Sattely ES. Total Biosynthesis for Milligram-Scale Production of Etoposide Intermediates in a Plant Chassis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19231-19235. [PMID: 31755709 PMCID: PMC7380830 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide is a plant-derived drug used clinically to treat several forms of cancer. Recent shortages of etoposide demonstrate the need for a more dependable production method to replace the semisynthetic method currently in place, which relies on extraction of a precursor natural product from Himalayan mayapple. Here we report milligram-scale production of (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin, a late-stage biosynthetic precursor to the etoposide aglycone, using an engineered biosynthetic pathway in tobacco. Our strategy relies on engineering the supply of coniferyl alcohol, an endogenous tobacco metabolite and monolignol precursor to the etoposide aglycone. We show that transient expression of 16 genes, encoding both coniferyl alcohol and main etoposide aglycone pathway enzymes from mayapple, in tobacco leaves results in the accumulation of up to 4.3 mg/g dry plant weight (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin, and enables isolation of high-purity (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin after chromatography at levels up to 0.71 mg/g dry plant weight. Our work reveals that long (>10 step) pathways can be efficiently transferred from difficult-to-cultivate medicinal plants to a tobacco plant production chassis, and demonstrates mg-scale total biosynthesis for access to valuable precursors of the chemotherapeutic etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey J. Schultz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Warren Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Elizabeth S. Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Lalaleo L, Testillano P, Risueño MC, Cusidó RM, Palazon J, Alcazar R, Bonfill M. Effect of in vitro morphogenesis on the production of podophyllotoxin derivatives in callus cultures of Linum album. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:47-58. [PMID: 29852334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer compound podophyllotoxin and other related lignans can be produced in Linum album in vitro cultures, although their biosynthesis varies according to the degree of differentiation of the plant material. In general, L. album cell cultures do not form the same lignans as roots or other culture systems. Our aim was to explore how the lignan-producing capacity of organogenic cell masses is affected by the conditions that promote their formation and growth. Thus, L. album biomass obtained from plantlets was cultured in darkness or light, with or without the addition of plant growth regulators, and the levels of podophyllotoxin, methoxypodophyllotoxin and other related lignans were determined in each of these conditions. The organogenic capacity of the cell biomass grown in the different conditions was studied directly and also with light and scanning electronic microscopy, leading to the observation of.several somatic embryos and well-formed shoots. The main lignan produced was methoxypodophyllotoxin, whose production was clearly linked to the organogenic capacity of the cell biomass, which to a lesser extent was also the case for podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Lalaleo
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Testillano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Carmen Risueño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Cusidó
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Palazon
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Alcazar
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Yu X, Che Z, Xu H. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins. Chemistry 2017; 23:4467-4526. [PMID: 27726183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin and its related aryltetralin cyclolignans belong to a family of important products that exhibit various biological properties (e.g., cytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, antirheumatic, antioxidative, antispasmogenic, and hypolipidemic activities). This Review provides a survey of podophyllotoxin and its analogues isolated from plants. In particular, recent developments in the elegant total chemical synthesis, structural modifications, biosynthesis, and biotransformation of podophyllotoxin and its analogues are summarized. Moreover, a deoxypodophyllotoxin-based chemosensor for selective detection of mercury ion is described. In addition to the most active podophyllotoxin derivatives in each series against human cancer cell lines and insect pests listed in the tables, the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivatives as cytotoxic and insecticidal agents are also outlined. Future prospects and further developments in this area are covered at the end of the Review. We believe that this Review will provide necessary information for synthetic, medicinal, and pesticidal chemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of podophyllotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Yang DL, Sun P, Li MF. Chilling temperature stimulates growth, gene over-expression and podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:197-203. [PMID: 27314513 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) and its derivatives, isolated from the rhizome of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (P. hexandrum), are typically used in clinical settings for anti-cancer and anti-virus treatments. Empirical studies have verified that P. hexandrum had stronger tolerance to chilling, due to involving PPT accumulation in rhizome induced by cold stress. However, the cold-adaptive mechanism and its association with PPT accumulation at a molecular level in P. hexandrum are still limited. In this study, the morpho-physiological traits related to plant growth, PPT accumulation and key gene expressions controlling PPT biosynthesis were assessed by exposing P. hexandrum seedlings to different temperatures (4 °C and 10 °C as chilling stress and 22 °C as the control). The results showed that chilling significantly increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and plant biomass, whereas it greatly decreased transpiration rates and intercellular CO2 concentration. Compared to the control, the chilling treatments under 4 °C and 10 °C conditions induced a 5.00- and 3.33-fold increase in PPT contents, respectively. The mRNA expressions of six key genes were also up-regulated by chilling stresses. The findings are useful in understanding the molecular basis of P. hexandrum response to chilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Long Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Ping Sun
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Meng Fei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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Walia S, Sharma S, Markand Kulurkar P, Patial V, Acharya A. A bimodal molecular imaging probe based on chitosan encapsulated magneto-fluorescent nanocomposite offers biocompatibility, visualization of specific cancer cells in vitro and lung tissues in vivo. Int J Pharm 2015; 498:110-8. [PMID: 26680315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional hybrid nanocomposite material, consists of chitosan encapsulated iron oxide (as MRI contrasting agent), CdS (as fluorescent probe) nanoparticles and podophyllotoxin (as anticancer drug) was synthesized and characterized. The TEM studies suggested the size of the NPs to be in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanocomposites were treated with different cancer cell lines viz., KB, C6 and A549 cells. Fluorescence imaging and Perl's Prussian blue staining confirmed the presence of these nanocomposites inside both KB and C6 cells but not in A549 cells. Cytotoxicity experiments revealed that these biopolymer coated nanocomposites showed minimal toxicity towards cancerous cells. Further the intraperitoneal administration of one of the nanoformulations to Wistar rats suggested deposition of these nanocomposites in the lungs. The hematological, biochemical and histopathological analysis confirmed that these nanocomposites are safe to use as a novel dual mode imaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanka Walia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food Nutraceutical and Quality Control Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Markand Kulurkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food Nutraceutical and Quality Control Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food Nutraceutical and Quality Control Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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