1
|
Matuszkiewicz M, Sobczak M. Syncytium Induced by Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:371-403. [PMID: 37996687 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes from the genera Globodera, Heterodera (cyst-forming nematodes), and Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes) are notorious and serious pests of crops. They cause tremendous economic losses between US $80 and 358 billion a year. Nematodes infect the roots of plants and induce the formation of specialised feeding structures (syncytium and giant cells, respectively) that nourish juveniles and adults of the nematodes. The specialised secretory glands enable nematodes to synthesise and secrete effectors that facilitate migration through root tissues and alter the morphogenetic programme of host cells. The formation of feeding sites is associated with the suppression of plant defence responses and deep reprogramming of the development and metabolism of plant cells.In this chapter, we focus on syncytia induced by the sedentary cyst-forming nematodes and provide an overview of ultrastructural changes that occur in the host roots during syncytium formation in conjunction with the most important molecular changes during compatible and incompatible plant responses to infection with nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Y, You J, Wang Y, Long Y, Wang S, Pan F, Yu Z. Biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus velezensis strain YS-AT-DS1 against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035748. [PMID: 36483201 PMCID: PMC9722970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.), one of the most economically important plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), cause severe yield and quality losses in agriculture annually. The application of biological control agents is an environmentally safe and effective approach to control RKNs. Here, we report the genomic characteristics of a Bacillus velezensis strain YS-AT-DS1 (Bv-DS1) isolated from the tidal soil, revealing that it has a 4.73 Mb circular chromosome with an average GC-content of 46.43%, 3,977 genes, 86 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs, and contains secondary metabolite clusters for producing antimicrobial compounds. In vitro assays indicated that Bv-DS1 has not only antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens, but also shows nematicidal activity, with a mortality rate of 71.62% mortality rates in second-stage juvenile (J2s) Meloidogyne incognita. We then focused on the biocontrol efficiency of Bv-DS1 against M. incognita in pot assays. Preinoculation with Bv-DS1 enhanced tomato growth, and significantly reduced the infection rate of J2s, and the number of galls and egg masses on tomato roots. The underlying mechanism in Bv-DS1-induced resistance to M. incognita was further investigated through split-root experiments, and analysing the expression of the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and the tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP). The results indicated that Bv-DS1 could not activate host systemic-induced resistance (ISR) in the split-root system of tomatoes. Additionally, the expression of JA- (LOX D and MC) and SA- (PAL2 and PR) responsive genes did not change in Bv-DS1-pretreated plants at 3 and 14 days after nematode inoculation. The presented data showed that JA-and SA-dependent pathways were not required for the biocontrol action of the Bv-DS1 against RKN. The TIP genes, responsible for transport of water and small substrates in plants, have previously been shown to negatively regulate the parasitism of PPNs. Surprisingly, Bv-DS1 compromised the downregulation of TIP1.1 and TIP1.3 by M. incognita. Together, our data suggest that Bv-DS1 exhibits a dual effect on plant growth promotion and protection against RKN, possibly related to the regulation of water and solute transport via TIPs. Thus, the Bv-DS1 strain could be used as a biocontrol agent for RKN control in sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jia You
- Institute of Pratacultural Science, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Long
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Filipecki M, Żurczak M, Matuszkiewicz M, Święcicka M, Kurek W, Olszewski J, Koter MD, Lamont D, Sobczak M. Profiling the Proteome of Cyst Nematode-Induced Syncytia on Tomato Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212147. [PMID: 34830029 PMCID: PMC8625192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyst nematodes are important herbivorous pests in agriculture that obtain nutrients through specialized root structures termed syncytia. Syncytium initiation, development, and functioning are a research focus because syncytia are the primary interface for molecular interactions between the host plant and parasite. The small size and complex development (over approximately two weeks) of syncytia hinder precise analyses, therefore most studies have analyzed the transcriptome of infested whole-root systems or syncytia-containing root segments. Here, we describe an effective procedure to microdissect syncytia induced by Globodera rostochiensis from tomato roots and to analyze the syncytial proteome using mass spectrometry. As little as 15 mm2 of 10-µm-thick sections dissected from 30 syncytia enabled the identification of 100–200 proteins in each sample, indicating that mass-spectrometric methods currently in use achieved acceptable sensitivity for proteome profiling of microscopic samples of plant tissues (approximately 100 µg). Among the identified proteins, 48 were specifically detected in syncytia and 7 in uninfected roots. The occurrence of approximately 50% of these proteins in syncytia was not correlated with transcript abundance estimated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. The functional categories of these proteins confirmed that protein turnover, stress responses, and intracellular trafficking are important components of the proteome dynamics of developing syncytia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Filipecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.M.); (M.D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-5932171
| | - Marek Żurczak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.M.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.M.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Magdalena Święcicka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ś.); (W.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Wojciech Kurek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ś.); (W.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Jarosław Olszewski
- Veterinary Research Centre, Centre for Biomedicine Research, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Daniel Koter
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.M.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Douglas Lamont
- ‘FingerPrints’ Proteomics Facility, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ś.); (W.K.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Labudda M, Różańska E, Prabucka B, Muszyńska E, Marecka D, Kozak M, Dababat AA, Sobczak M. Activity profiling of barley vacuolar processing enzymes provides new insights into the plant and cyst nematode interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:38-52. [PMID: 31605455 PMCID: PMC6913211 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) play an important role during regular growth and development and defence responses. Despite substantial attempts to understand the molecular basis of plant-cyst nematode interaction, the mechanism of VPEs functioning during this interaction remains unknown. The second-stage Heterodera filipjevi juvenile penetrates host roots and induces the formation of a permanent feeding site called a syncytium. To investigate whether infection with H. filipjevi alters plant host VPEs, the studies were performed in Hordeum vulgare roots and leaves on the day of inoculation and at 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). Implementing molecular, biochemical and microscopic methods we identified reasons for modulation of barley VPE activity during interaction with H. filipjevi. Heterodera filipjevi parasitism caused a general decrease of VPE activity in infected roots, but live imaging of VPEs showed that their activity is up-regulated in syncytia at 7 and 14 dpi and down-regulated at 21 dpi. These findings were accompanied by tissue-specific VPE gene expression patterns. Expression of the barley cystatin HvCPI-4 gene was stimulated in leaves but diminished in roots upon infestation. External application of cyclotides that can be produced naturally by VPEs elicits in pre-parasitic juveniles vesiculation of their body, enhanced formation of granules, induction of exploratory behaviour (stylet thrusts and head movements), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and final death by methuosis. Taken together, down-regulation of VPE activity through nematode effectors promotes the nematode invasion rates and leads to avoidance of the induction of the plant proteolytic response and death of the invading juveniles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Dorota Marecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Marcin Kozak
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Abdelfattah A. Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Soil Borne Pathogens ProgramP.K. 39 Emek06511AnkaraTurkey
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of BiologyWarsaw University of Life Sciences‐SGGWWarsawPoland
| |
Collapse
|