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Piper JA, Al Hammouri N, Jansen MI, Rodgers KJ, Musumeci G, Dhungana A, Ghorbanpour SM, Bradfield LA, Castorina A. L-Proline Prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Microglial Cells Exposed to L-azetidine-2-carboxylic Acid. Molecules 2023; 28:4808. [PMID: 37375363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZE) is a non-protein amino acid that shares structural similarities with its proteogenic L-proline amino acid counterpart. For this reason, AZE can be misincorporated in place of L-proline, contributing to AZE toxicity. In previous work, we have shown that AZE induces both polarization and apoptosis in BV2 microglial cells. However, it is still unknown if these detrimental effects involve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and whether L-proline co-administration prevents AZE-induced damage to microglia. Here, we investigated the gene expression of ER stress markers in BV2 microglial cells treated with AZE alone (1000 µM), or co-treated with L-proline (50 µM), for 6 or 24 h. AZE reduced cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) secretion and caused a robust activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) genes (ATF4, ATF6, ERN1, PERK, XBP1, DDIT3, GADD34). These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence in BV2 and primary microglial cultures. AZE also altered the expression of microglial M1 phenotypic markers (increased IL-6, decreased CD206 and TREM2 expression). These effects were almost completely prevented upon L-proline co-administration. Finally, triple/quadrupole mass spectrometry demonstrated a robust increase in AZE-bound proteins after AZE treatment, which was reduced by 84% upon L-proline co-supplementation. This study identified ER stress as a pathogenic mechanism for AZE-induced microglial activation and death, which is reversed by co-administration of L-proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Allan Piper
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nour Al Hammouri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Margo Iris Jansen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kenneth J Rodgers
- Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Amolika Dhungana
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sahar Masoumeh Ghorbanpour
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Laura A Bradfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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2
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Intracerebroventricular injection taurine changes free amino acid concentrations in the brain and plasma in chicks. Amino Acids 2023; 55:183-192. [PMID: 36436082 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain amino acid metabolism has been reported to regulate body temperature, feeding behavior and stress response. Central injection of taurine induced hypothermic and anorexigenic effects in chicks. However, it is still unknown how the amino acid metabolism is influenced by the central injection of taurine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the changes in brain and plasma free amino acids following central injection of taurine. Five-day-old male Julia layer chicks (n = 10) were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with saline or taurine (5 µmol/10 µL). Central taurine increased tryptophan concentrations in the diencephalon, and decreased tyrosine in the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, telencephalon and plasma at 30 min post-injection. Taurine was increased in all the brain parts after ICV taurine. Although histidine and cystathionine concentrations were increased in the diencephalon and brainstem, several amino acids such as isoleucine, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, proline, and alanine were reduced following central injection of taurine. All amino acid concentrations were decreased in the plasma after ICV taurine. In conclusion, central taurine quickly changes free amino acid concentrations in the brain and plasma, which may have a role in thermoregulation, food intake and stress response in chicks.
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Central Interaction Between L-Ornithine and Neuropeptide Y in the Regulation of Feeding Behavior of Neonatal Chicks. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023004. [PMID: 36756047 PMCID: PMC9884638 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithine has been identified as a potential satiety signal in the brains of neonatal chicks. We hypothesized that brain nutrient signals such as amino acids and appetite-related neuropeptides synergistically regulate food intake. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the interaction between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ornithine in the control of feeding behavior in chicks and the associated central and peripheral amino acid metabolic processes. Five-day-old chicks were intracerebroventricularly injected with saline, NPY (375 pmol), or NPY plus ornithine (2 or 4 μmol) at 10 μl per chick, and then subjected to ad libitum feeding conditions; food intake was monitored for 30 min after injection. Brain and plasma samples were collected after the experiment to determine free amino acid concentrations. Co-injection of NPY and ornithine significantly attenuated the orexigenic effect induced by NPY in a dose-dependent manner. Central NPY significantly decreased amino adipic acid, asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine levels, but significantly increased lysine levels in the brain. Co-injection of NPY and ornithine significantly increased ornithine and proline levels in all examined brain regions, but decreased diencephalic tryptophan and glycine levels compared with those of the control and NPY-alone groups. Co-injection of NPY and high-dose ornithine significantly decreased methionine levels in all brain regions. Central NPY significantly suppressed the plasma concentrations of amino acids, including proline, asparagine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, glutamine, alanine, arginine, and valine, and this reduction was greater when NPY was co-injected with ornithine. These results suggest that brain ornithine interacts with NPY to regulate food intake in neonatal chicks. Furthermore, central NPY may induce an anabolic effect that is modified by co-injection with ornithine.
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Chowdhury VS. L-Citrulline: A novel hypothermic amino acid promoting thermotolerance in heat-exposed chickens. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13826. [PMID: 36938778 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
With global warming becoming of increasing concern, poultry farms are experiencing a concomitant increase in heat stress. Chickens are very sensitive to high ambient temperature (HT), so the development of novel nutrients that will help deal with the challenge posed by heat stress is vital. We revealed that L-citrulline (L-Cit) can reduce body temperature in chickens. Orally administered L-Cit solution has been found to provide heat tolerance in chickens and to result in reduced food intake. Heat exposure and oral administration of L-Cit led to increased levels of plasma insulin, whereas heat stress led to a decline in plasma thyroxine. Dietary administration of L-Cit was also shown to be effective to reduce heat stress in broiler chickens. Moreover, L-Cit was found to be metabolized in the liver within 1 h of its administration, and in L-Cit-treated broiler chicks, the Cit-Arginine cycle and the Krebs cycle were found to be active. L-Cit has not yet been approved for inclusion in the poultry diet, so it is important to find alternative sources of L-Cit. Taken together, these findings suggest that L-Cit may serve as an important novel nutrient with the ability to produce heat tolerance in chickens under HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Bouchebti S, Bodner L, Bergman M, Magory Cohen T, Levin E. The effects of dietary proline, β-alanine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the nest construction behavior in the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis). Sci Rep 2022; 12:7449. [PMID: 35523992 PMCID: PMC9076666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult wasps primary food resource is larval saliva. This liquid secretion consists mainly of amino acids and carbohydrates processed from the prey brought to the colony by the foragers. However, adults also regularly consume floral nectar. The nectar's most abundant proteinogenic amino acid is proline, and the two most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acids are β-alanine and GABA. These three amino acids are also common in larval saliva. Here, we study the effect of these dietary amino acids on the physiology and nest construction behavior of the Oriental hornet. Our results reveal their deleterious effects, especially at high concentrations: β-alanine and GABA consumption reduced the hornets' lifespan and completely inhibited their construction behavior; while proline induced a similar but more moderate effect. At low concentrations, these amino acids had no effect on hornet survival but did slow down the nest construction process. Using carbon isotopically labeled amino acids, we show that, unlike proline, β-alanine is stored in most body tissues (brain, muscles, and fat body), suggesting that it is rapidly metabolized after consumption. Our findings demonstrate how a single amino acid can impact the fitness of a nectarivore insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bouchebti
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Levona Bodner
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Bergman
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Magory Cohen
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Levin
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Elhussiny MZ, Tran PV, Tsuru Y, Haraguchi S, Gilbert ER, Cline MA, Bungo T, Furuse M, Chowdhury VS. Central Taurine Attenuates Hyperthermia and Isolation Stress Behaviors Augmented by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor with Modifying Brain Amino Acid Metabolism in Neonatal Chicks. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010083. [PMID: 35050205 PMCID: PMC8781603 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of centrally administered taurine on rectal temperature, behavioral responses and brain amino acid metabolism under isolation stress and the presence of co-injected corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Neonatal chicks were centrally injected with saline, 2.1 pmol of CRF, 2.5 μmol of taurine or both taurine and CRF. The results showed that CRF-induced hyperthermia was attenuated by co-injection with taurine. Taurine, alone or with CRF, significantly decreased the number of distress vocalizations and the time spent in active wakefulness, as well as increased the time spent in the sleeping posture, compared with the saline- and CRF-injected chicks. An amino acid chromatographic analysis revealed that diencephalic leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, glutamate, asparagine, alanine, β-alanine, cystathionine and 3-methylhistidine were decreased in response to taurine alone or in combination with CRF. Central taurine, alone and when co-administered with CRF, decreased isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and cysteine, but increased glycine concentrations in the brainstem, compared with saline and CRF groups. The results collectively indicate that central taurine attenuated CRF-induced hyperthermia and stress behaviors in neonatal chicks, and the mechanism likely involves the repartitioning of amino acids to different metabolic pathways. In particular, brain leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and glycine may be mobilized to cope with acute stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z. Elhussiny
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
- Department of Animal & Poultry Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Phuong V. Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Yuriko Tsuru
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;
| | - Elizabeth R. Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA; (E.R.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Mark A. Cline
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA; (E.R.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Vishwajit S. Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
- Division of Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Correspondence:
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7
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Chowdhury VS, Han G, Eltahan HM, Haraguchi S, Gilbert ER, Cline MA, Cockrem JF, Bungo T, Furuse M. Potential Role of Amino Acids in the Adaptation of Chicks and Market-Age Broilers to Heat Stress. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:610541. [PMID: 33490137 PMCID: PMC7820334 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.610541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased average air temperatures and more frequent and prolonged periods of high ambient temperature (HT) associated with global warming will increasingly affect worldwide poultry production. It is thus important to understand how HT impacts poultry physiology and to identify novel approaches to facilitate improved adaptation and thereby maximize poultry growth, health and welfare. Amino acids play a role in many physiological functions, including stress responses, and their relative demand and metabolism are altered tissue-specifically during exposure to HT. For instance, HT decreases plasma citrulline (Cit) in chicks and leucine (Leu) in the embryonic brain and liver. The physiological significance of these changes in amino acids may involve protection of the body from heat stress. Thus, numerous studies have focused on evaluating the effects of dietary administration of amino acids. It was found that oral l-Cit lowered body temperature and increased thermotolerance in layer chicks. When l-Leu was injected into fertile broiler eggs to examine the cause of reduction of Leu in embryos exposed to HT, in ovo feeding of l-Leu improved thermotolerance in broiler chicks. In ovo injection of l-Leu was also found to inhibit weight loss in market-age broilers exposed to chronic HT, giving rise to the possibility of developing a novel biotechnology aimed at minimizing the economic losses to poultry producers during summer heat stress. These findings and the significance of amino acid metabolism in chicks and market-age broilers under HT are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Guofeng Han
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hatem M Eltahan
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mark A Cline
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John F Cockrem
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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He W, Li P, Wu G. Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:109-131. [PMID: 33770405 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth, development, and health of all individuals. Because there are growing concerns about the suboptimal efficiencies of poultry production and its impact on environmental sustainability, much attention has been paid to the formulation of low-protein diets and precision nutrition through the addition of low-cost crystalline AAs or alternative sources of animal-protein feedstuffs. This necessitates a better understanding of AA nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Although historic nutrition research has focused on nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) that are not synthesized or are inadequately synthesized in the body, increasing evidence shows that the traditionally classified nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, have physiological and regulatory roles other than protein synthesis in chicken growth and egg production. In addition, like other avian species, chickens do not synthesize adequately glycine or proline (the most abundant AAs in the body but present in plant-source feedstuffs at low content) relative to their nutritional and physiological needs. Therefore, these two AAs must be sufficient in poultry diets. Animal proteins (including ruminant meat & bone meal and hydrolyzed feather meal) are abundant sources of both glycine and proline in chicken nutrition. Clearly, chickens (including broilers and laying hens) have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs to achieve their maximum productivity and maintain optimum health particularly under adverse conditions such as heat stress and disease. This is a paradigm shift in poultry nutrition from the 70-year-old "ideal protein" concept that concerned only about EAAs to the focus of functional AAs that include both EAAs and NEAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peng Li
- North American Renderers Association, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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9
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Tran PV, Nguyen LTN, Yang H, Do PH, Torii K, Putnam GL, Chowdhury VS, Furuse M. Intracerebroventricular injection of L-arginine and D-arginine induces different effects under an acute stressful condition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:965-970. [PMID: 33008589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Central administration of L-arginine was reported to attenuate stress responses in neonatal chicks. The present study aimed to elucidate the differential effects of centrally administered L-arginine and its enantiomer, D-arginine, on the stress response in chicks and the associated mechanisms. Intracerebroventricular injection of L-arginine attenuated acute isolation stress by inducing sleep-like behavior, while central administration of D-arginine potentiated the stress response, reducing the time spent standing motionless with eyes open and increasing distress vocalizations compared to the control. The brain concentrations of amino acids and monoamines following L- and D-arginine administration during stress were also determined. L-Arginine significantly increased the mesencephalic L-glutamine concentration. D-Arginine administration did not affect the levels of L-arginine or other amino acids in the examined brain regions. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) level and dopamine (DA) metabolic rate (DOPAC/DA) were significantly higher in the diencephalon in the D-arginine group compared to the L-arginine group, while the mesencephalic DA level was significantly lower in the D-arginine group compared to the control. In vitro experiment using the brain slice culture demonstrated that extracellular perfusion of D-arginine significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of monoamine oxidase B, the major enzyme involved in DA metabolism, in the locus coeruleus region of the brainstem. In conclusion, in neonatal chicks, central administration of D-arginine exerted a stimulant effect on the stress response, in contrast to the stress-attenuating effects of L-arginine, partly through an effect on brain dopaminergic metabolism and not through competition with the L-stereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Linh T N Nguyen
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Phong H Do
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kyohei Torii
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Grace L Putnam
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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10
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Yun W, Song M, Lee J, Oh H, An J, Kim G, Lee S, Lee S, Kim HB, Cho J. Arginine addition in a diet for weaning pigs can improve the growth performance under heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:460-467. [PMID: 32803178 PMCID: PMC7416154 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) supplementation on nutrient
use in pigs were determined under hot season conditions. A total of five
experimental diets including basal diet (CON) were supplemented with two types
of amino acids (Arg and Met) and two different amounts of amino acids (0.2% and
0.4%). Under hot season condition, pigs fed with additional Arg were
significantly higher in average daily gain (ADG) than the CON group and the ADG
increased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing Arg
supplementation. But there was no significant difference with Met
supplementation (p > 0.05). The apparent ileal
digestibility (AID) of amino acids had no significant difference among
treatments (p > 0.05), while d-reactive oxygen
metabolites (d-ROMs) concentration in treatments with Arg supplementation, were
significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other treatments.
In conclusion, exposure of pigs to heat stress does not affect the AID of amino
acid, whereas pig fed with additional Arg improved ADG and feed efficiency under
heat stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jiseon An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | - Sungdae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Suhyup Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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11
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Zhao F, Wu T, Zhang H, Loor JJ, Wang M, Peng A, Wang H. Jugular infusion of arginine has a positive effect on antioxidant mechanisms in lactating dairy cows challenged intravenously with lipopolysaccharide1. J Anim Sci 2020; 96:3850-3855. [PMID: 29931243 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of jugular l-arginine infusion on antioxidant mechanisms in lactating dairy cows challenged intravenously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Eight multiparous Holstein cows (609 ± 32 kg) at midlactation were randomly assigned to 5-d jugular infusions of Control (saline), Arginine (Arg, 18 g/d), LPS (0.2 μg/kg BW per day), and LPS + Arginine (0.2 μg/kg BW per day of LPS and 18 g/d of Arg) in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 infusion periods separated by 10-d. Jugular solutions of saline, Arg, LPS, and LPS + Arg were continuously infused using peristaltic pumps for approximately 6 h/d. Jugular vein serum samples were obtained on the last day of each infusion period before infusion (0 h) and at 3- and 6-h postinfusion. Compared with LPS treatment, Arg infusion increased the total antioxidant capacity and activity of glutathione peroxidase, but decreased malondialdehyde concentration (P < 0.05). The concentration of nitric oxide in serum and the activity of nitric oxide synthase were greater in LPS treatment compared with saline and Arg (P < 0.05). The Arg treatment significantly increased the serum insulin concentration at 3-h postinfusion compared with the saline treatment (P < 0.05), and that of LPS and LPS + Arg treatments were in between Arg and LPS treatments. No treatment effect was observed on the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase (P > 0.05). In conclusion, enhancing the supply of Arg during an inflammatory challenge enhances antioxidant mechanisms in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyou Wu
- Bright Farming Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Intracerebroventricular Injection of L-Pipecolic Acid Exerts Hypnotic Effects Without Activating NMDA Receptors in Neonatal Chicks under Social Isolation-induced Stress. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:84-87. [PMID: 32174769 PMCID: PMC7063071 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Pipecolic acid is an intermediate of L-lysine catabolism. Its central injection exerted a hypnotic effect on the brain, which was partially mediated by the activation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A and γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptors. L-Proline has also been shown to exert a similar effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, L-pipecolic acid is known as L-homoproline, and both L-pipecolic acid and L-proline belong to the imino acid group; therefore, it is plausible that they share certain commonalities, including similar functions. However, the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors with respect to the effects of L-pipecolic acid has not been examined yet. In the present study, the relationship between N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and the central function of L-pipecolic acid was investigated in neonatal chicks. The behavioral postures for active wakefulness and standing/sitting motionless with eyes opened were significantly affected after intracerebroventricular injection of L-pipecolic acid; whereas, sitting motionless with head drooped (sleeping posture) was significantly enhanced. However, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801, did not affect these changes. In conclusion, the central administration of L-pipecolic acid did not exert hypnotic effects through the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in neonatal chicks. These results suggest that the imino group is not a determinant for activating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
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Abstract
Oral administration of l-citrulline (l-Cit) caused hypothermia, but l-Cit is not recommended in poultry diets in Japan. Watermelon is a natural source of l-Cit. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of watermelon waste, i.e., watermelon rind (WR) on the body temperature and plasma free amino acids of chicks. In Experiment 1, 14-day-old chicks were subjected to acute oral administration of WR extract (WRE) (2 ml) under control thermoneutral temperature (CT). In Experiment 2, 15-day-old chicks were orally administered 1.6 ml of either WRE, lowdose l-Cit (7.5 mmol/10 ml), or high-dose l-Cit (15 mmol/10 ml) under CT. In both experiments, rectal temperature (RT) and plasma free amino acids were analyzed. In Experiment 3, after dual oral administration of (1.6 ml) WRE or l-Cit (15 mmol/10 ml), 15-day-old chicks were exposed to high ambient temperature (HT; 35±1°C, 2 h) to monitor changes in RT. Acute oral administration of WRE significantly reduced RT under CT. The degree of RT reduction by WRE was similar to that by high l-Cit. Moreover, RT was significantly low at HT owing to the oral administration of WRE. However, the reduced RT was difficult to explain by the content of Cit in WRE alone. In conclusion, WRE could be used as a dietary ingredient to reduce body temperature for imparting thermotolerance in chicks.
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Central regulation of feeding behavior through neuropeptides and amino acids in neonatal chicks. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1129-1152. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Hamada M, Nishigawa T, Maesono S, Aso K, Ikeda H, Furuse M. Decreased stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats is associated with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. Stress 2019; 22:482-491. [PMID: 30838897 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1584179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression-like behavior during lactation may relate to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. This study investigated how the behavior, HPA axis activity, brain monoamines, and brain free amino acid metabolism of rats were changed by stress or lactation period. Rats were separated into four groups: (1) control lactating (n = 6), (2) stress lactating (n = 6), (3) control virgin (n = 7), and (4) stress virgin (n = 7) and restrained for 30 min a total of ten times (once every other day) from postnatal day (PND) 1. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) on PND 10 and concentration of corticosterone in plasma, as well as monoamines and L-amino acids including β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, cystathionine, 3-methyl-histidine and taurine in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus on PND 19 were measured. The plasma corticosterone concentration, measured just after restraint stress, was significantly higher in the stress groups, versus the control groups, but there were no significant differences between control and stress lactating groups. Depression-like behavior (immobility) in the FST was significantly lower in the lactating groups, versus the virgin groups. Stress enhanced dopamine and glutamate, and decreased threonine and glycine concentrations in the hypothalamus. In addition, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), threonine and ornithine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the lactating groups compared with the virgin groups. Changes in plasma corticosterone concentration, monoamine, and amino acid metabolism may relate to stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats. Lay summary This study revealed that reduced depression-like behavior in lactating, relative to virgin rats, was associated with changes in monoamine and amino acid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. In addition, the effect of stress on monoamine and amino acid metabolism is prominently observed in the hypothalamus and may be related to neuroendocrine stress axis activity and secretion of corticosterone. This study suggested that stress-induced depression-like behavior may be associated with several changes in the stress axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. These parameters were associated with attenuated depression-like behavior in lactating rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hamada
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takuma Nishigawa
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Saori Maesono
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kenta Aso
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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Chowdhury VS. Heat Stress Biomarker Amino Acids and Neuropeptide Afford Thermotolerance in Chicks. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:1-11. [PMID: 32055190 PMCID: PMC6993887 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With global warming, heat stress is becoming a pressing concern worldwide. In chickens, heat stress reduces food intake and growth, and increases body temperature and stress responses. Although it is believed that young chicks do not experience heat stress as they need a higher ambient temperature to survive, our series of studies in young chicks showed that they are sensitive to heat stress. This review summarizes current knowledge on amino acid metabolisms during heat stress, with special emphasis on the hypothermic functions of l-citrulline (l-Cit) and l-leucine (l-Leu), and the functions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in terms of body temperature and heat stress regulation in chicks. Amino acid metabolism is severely affected by heat stress. For example, prolonged heat stress reduces plasma l-Cit in chicks and l-Leu in the brain and liver of embryos. l-Cit and l-Leu supplementation affords thermotolerance in young chicks. NPY expression is increased in the brains of heat-exposed chicks. NPY has a hypothermic action under control thermoneutral temperature and heat stress in chicks. The NPY-sub-receptor Y5 is a partial mediator of the hypothermic action of NPY. Further, NPY stimulates brain dopamine concentrations and acts as an anti-stress agent in heat-exposed fasted, but not fed chicks. In conclusion, young chicks can serve as a model animal for the study of heat stress in chickens. l-Cit, l-Leu, and NPY were identified as biomarkers of heat stress, with the potential to afford thermotolerance in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajit S. Chowdhury
- Lab of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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17
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Elbassuoni EA, Ragy MM, Ahmed SM. Evidence of the protective effect of l-arginine and vitamin D against monosodium glutamate-induced liver and kidney dysfunction in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:799-808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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L-tyrosine supplementation does not ameliorate skeletal muscle dysfunction in zebrafish and mouse models of dominant skeletal muscle α-actin nemaline myopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11490. [PMID: 30065346 PMCID: PMC6068151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tyrosine supplementation may provide benefit to nemaline myopathy (NM) patients, however previous studies are inconclusive, with no elevation of L-tyrosine levels in blood or tissue reported. We evaluated the ability of L-tyrosine treatments to improve skeletal muscle function in all three published animal models of NM caused by dominant skeletal muscle α-actin (ACTA1) mutations. Highest safe L-tyrosine concentrations were determined for dosing water and feed of wildtype zebrafish and mice respectively. NM TgACTA1D286G-eGFP zebrafish treated with 10 μM L-tyrosine from 24 hours to 6 days post fertilization displayed no improvement in swimming distance. NM TgACTA1D286G mice consuming 2% L-tyrosine supplemented feed from preconception had significant elevations in free L-tyrosine levels in sera (57%) and quadriceps muscle (45%) when examined at 6–7 weeks old. However indicators of skeletal muscle integrity (voluntary exercise, bodyweight, rotarod performance) were not improved. Additionally no benefit on the mechanical properties, energy metabolism, or atrophy of skeletal muscles of 6–7 month old TgACTA1D286G and KIActa1H40Y mice eventuated from consuming a 2% L-tyrosine supplemented diet for 4 weeks. Therefore this study yields important information on aspects of the clinical utility of L-tyrosine for ACTA1 NM.
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Abstract
Recently, it has been found that the gut microbiota influences functions of the host brain by affecting monoamine metabolism. The present study focused on the relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain amino acids. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice were used as experimental models. Plasma and brain regions were sampled from mice at 7 and 16 weeks of age, and analysed for free d- and l-amino acids, which are believed to affect many physiological functions. At 7 weeks of age, plasma concentrations of d-aspartic acid (d-Asp), l-alanine (l-Ala), l-glutamine (l-Gln) and taurine were higher in SPF mice than in GF mice, but no differences were found at 16 weeks of age. Similar patterns were observed for the concentrations of l-Asp in striatum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and l-arginine (l-Arg), l-Ala and l-valine (l-Val) in striatum. In addition, the concentrations of l-Asp, d-Ala, l-histidine, l-isoleucine (l-Ile), l-leucine (l-Leu), l-phenylalanine and l-Val were significantly higher in plasma of SPF mice when compared with those of GF mice. The concentrations of l-Arg, l-Gln, l-Ile and l-Leu were significantly higher in SPF than in GF mice, but those of d-Asp, d-serine and l-serine were higher in some brain regions of GF mice than in those of SPF mice. In conclusion, the concentration of amino acids in the host brain seems to be dependent on presence of the gut microbiota. Amino acid metabolism in the host brain may be modified by manipulating microbiota communities.
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20
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Central Injection of Glucose Modifies Behavior, Amino Acid and Monoamine Metabolism in Neonatal Chicks under Acute Stressful Conditions. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:82-92. [PMID: 32908369 PMCID: PMC7477244 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of a wide range of glucose concentrations on the behavioral response, central amino acid and monoamine contents was investigated in chicks exposed to a social isolation stressful condition. The chicks were given an i.c.v. injection of 0.21, 0.42, 0.84, and 1.68 µmol of D-glucose, and then behavioral changes were observed over 10 min. The behavioral stress response was dose-dependently decreased and calm behavior was increased by i.c.v. administration of glucose. In the diencephalon, glutamine was positively correlated, whereas glycine was negatively correlated with the dose of glucose. In the telencephalon, the dopamine metabolite and dopamine turnover rates were positively correlated, whereas dopamine was negatively correlated with doses of glucose. In the plasma, isoleucine and hydroxyproline were positively correlated with the dose of glucose, and several amino acids were also influenced by glucose levels. These results suggest that the possible pathways of the sedative effect of glucose include: (1) amino acids synthesized from injected glucose, which can induce the sedative and/or hypnotic effects; (2) amino acids modified by injected glucose transported in the brain from the peripheral tissues; and (3) injected glucose-induced decreases in brain dopamine levels. In conclusion, these changes induced by central glucose interact and induce the sedative effect in neonatal chicks.
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21
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Tran PV, Chowdhury VS, Do PH, Bahry MA, Yang H, Furuse M. L-Ornithine is a potential acute satiety signal in the brain of neonatal chicks. Physiol Behav 2015; 155:141-8. [PMID: 26687893 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we observed that neonatal chicks exhibit feeding behavior characterized by frequent food intake and short resting intervals, with changes detected in the brain amino acid and monoamine concentrations. In this study, we aimed to clarify further the relationship between the appetite of neonatal chicks and brain amino acid metabolism. In Experiment 1, changes were investigated in free amino acids in the brain under conditions of regulated appetite induced by fasting and subsequent short-term re-feeding. Chicks (5 days old) were distributed into four treatment groups--namely, fasting for 3h, and fasting for 3h followed by re-feeding for 10, 20 or 30 min. Brain samples were collected after treatment to analyze free amino acid concentrations. Amino adipic acid and proline in all brain parts as well as arginine and ornithine in all brain parts--except mesencephalic arginine and cerebellar ornithine--were increased in a time-dependent manner following re-feeding. In Experiment 2, we further examined the effect of exogenous administration of some amino acids altered in association with feeding behavior in Experiment 1. We chose L-arginine and its functional metabolite, L-ornithine, to analyze their effects on food intake in chicks. Intracerebroventricular injection (2 μmol) of L-ornithine, but not L-arginine, significantly inhibited food intake in neonatal chicks. In Experiment 3, we found that central injection of L-ornithine (2, 4, and 6 μmol) dose-dependently suppressed food intake in chicks. These results suggested that L-ornithine may have an important role in the control of food intake as an acute satiety signal in the neonatal chick brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Phong H Do
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mohammad A Bahry
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Sawosz E, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Vadalasetty KP, Grodzik M, Wierzbicki M, Kurantowicz N, Strojny B, Hotowy A, Lipińska L, Jagiełło J, Chwalibog A. Graphene Functionalized with Arginine Decreases the Development of Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumor in a Gene-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25214-33. [PMID: 26512645 PMCID: PMC4632799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that graphene had anticancer properties in experiments in vitro with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells and in tumors cultured in vivo. We hypothesized that the addition of arginine or proline to graphene solutions might counteract graphene agglomeration and increase the activity of graphene. Experiments were performed in vitro with GBM U87 cells and in vivo with GBM tumors cultured on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes. The measurements included cell morphology, mortality, viability, tumor morphology, histology, and gene expression. The cells and tumors were treated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and rGO functionalized with arginine (rGO + Arg) or proline (rGO + Pro). The results confirmed the anticancer effect of graphene on GBM cells and tumor tissue. After functionalization with amino acids, nanoparticles were distributed more specifically, and the flakes of graphene were less agglomerated. The molecule of rGO + Arg did not increase the expression of TP53 in comparison to rGO, but did not increase the expression of MDM2 or the MDM2/TP53 ratio in the tumor, suggesting that arginine may block MDM2 expression. The expression of NQO1, known to be a strong protector of p53 protein in tumor tissue, was greatly increased. The results indicate that the complex of rGO + Arg has potential in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Krishna Prasad Vadalasetty
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kurantowicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jagiełło
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
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Chronic imipramine treatment differentially alters the brain and plasma amino acid metabolism in Wistar and Wistar Kyoto rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Furuse M. Screening of central functions of amino acids and their metabolites for sedative and hypnotic effects using chick models. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:382-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Tran PV, Chowdhury VS, Nagasawa M, Furuse M. Changes in free amino acid and monoamine concentrations in the chick brain associated with feeding behavior. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:252. [PMID: 26191470 PMCID: PMC4501338 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Domesticated chicks are precocial and therefore have relatively well-developed feeding behavior. The role of hypothalamic neuropeptides in food-intake regulation in chicks has been reported for decades. However, we hypothesized that nutrients and their metabolites in the brain may be involved in food intake in chicks because these animals exhibit a very frequent feeding pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the feeding behavior of chicks as well as the associated changes in free amino acid and monoamine concentrations in the chick brain. The feeding behavior of chicks was recorded continuously for 6 h. The next day, brain and blood samples were collected when the chicks either attempted to have food (hungry group) or turned food down (satiated group), in order to analyze the concentrations of the free amino acids and monoamines. We confirmed that the feeding behavior of neonatal chicks was characterized by short resting periods between very brief times spent on food intake. Several free amino acids in the mesencephalon were significantly lower in the satiated group than in the hungry group, while l-histidine and l-glutamine were significantly higher. Notably, there was no change in the free amino acid concentrations in other brain regions or plasma. As for monoamines, serotonin and norepinephrine were significantly lower in the mesencephalon of the hungry group compared with the satiated group, but 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) was higher. In addition, serotonin and norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in the brain stem of the hungry chicks compared with the satiated group, but levels of 5-HIAA and homovanillic acid were lower. Levels of both dopamine and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, were significantly higher in the diencephalon and telencephalon of the chicks in the hungry group. In conclusion, the changes in the free amino acids and monoamines in the brain may have some role in the feeding behavior of neonatal chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Tran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Mao Nagasawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
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Central Administration of Glucose Modifies Brain Amino Acid Metabolism in Neonatal Chicks. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Ito K, Erwan E, Nagasawa M, Furuse M, Chowdhury VS. Changes in free amino acid concentrations in the blood, brain and muscle of heat-exposed chicks. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:644-52. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.957653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Erwan E, Chowdhury VS, Nagasawa M, Goda R, Otsuka T, Yasuo S, Furuse M. Central injection of L- and D-aspartate attenuates isolation-induced stress behavior in chicks possibly through different mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:138-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Oxidative damage and brain concentrations of free amino acid in chicks exposed to high ambient temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 169:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Kurata K, Nagasawa M, Tomonaga S, Aoki M, Morishita K, Denbow DM, Furuse M. Orally administeredl-ornithine elevates brainl-ornithine levels and has an anxiolytic-like effect in mice. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 14:243-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830511y.0000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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31
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Nagasawa M, Murakami T, Tomonaga S, Furuse M. The impact of chronic imipramine treatment on amino acid concentrations in the hippocampus of mice. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 15:26-33. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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32
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Kurauchi I, Shigemi K, Kabuki Y, Hamasu K, Yamane H, Aoki M, Kawada Y, Morishita K, Denbow DM, Furuse M. Central L-ornithine, but not polyamines, induces a hypnotic effect in neonatal chicks under acute stress. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 13:17-20. [DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460763481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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33
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Fouad A, El-Senouse H, Yang X, Yao J. Role of Dietary L-Arginine in Poultry Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2012.718.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Hamasu K, Kabuki Y, Tomonaga S, Denbow DM, Furuse M. Changes in brain monoamine metabolism of neonatal chicks under two different acute stress conditions. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:145-9. [PMID: 22404816 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.662271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The purpose of the present study was to clarify brain monoamine metabolism during two different conditions of acute stress by quantifying changes in the brain of neonatal chicks exposed to either restraint with isolation, or fasting stress. 2. Under restraint with isolation-induced stress, dopaminergic metabolism was clearly stimulated. 3. During fasting stress, dopaminergic activity, serotonergic and norepinephrinergic metabolisms were stimulated. 4. It was concluded that brain monoamine metabolism of chicks is differentially affected by stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hamasu
- Laboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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35
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Intracerebroventricular injection of kynurenic acid attenuates corticotrophin-releasing hormone-augmented stress responses in neonatal chicks. Neuroscience 2012; 220:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Hypothesis with abnormal amino acid metabolism in depression and stress vulnerability in Wistar Kyoto rats. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2101-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Erwan E, Tomonaga S, Yoshida J, Nagasawa M, Ogino Y, Denbow DM, Furuse M. Central administration of l- and d-aspartate attenuates stress behaviors by social isolation and CRF in neonatal chicks. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1969-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Egbuonu ACC. Sub-chronic concomitant ingestion of L-arginine and monosodium glutamate improves feed efficiency, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in male Wistar rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 15:301-305. [PMID: 24175428 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.301.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of L-arginine (ARG) is common in supplements, whereas, Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is widely used as flavor enhancing food additive. Thus, ARG and MSG may be present together in human diets, warranting this study aimed at investigating the effect of concomitant ingestion of ARG and MSG on some biochemical indices in male rats. Twelve male albino rats were grouped into three (n = 4) and concomitantly exposed to 0:0, 20:5 and 60:15 mg kg(-1) of ARG:MSG. Exposure was peroral and every twenty four h for 28 days. ARG plus MSG treatment caused a significant (p < or = 0.05) increase in Feed Efficiency (FE) (Low dose: 5.23 +/- 22%; High dose: 5.60 +/- 11%), whereas, it decreased (p < or = 0.05) the serum Total Cholesterol (T-Chol) (low dose: 80.83 +/- 0.11 mg/100 mL, high dose: 92.55 +/- 0.14 mg/100 mL), triacylglycerol (TAG) (low dose: 179.91 +/- 0.09 mg/100 mL, high dose: 119.77 +/- 0.32 mg/100 mL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (low dose: 5.00 +/- 0.07 mg/100 mL, high dose: 24.36 +/- 0.10 mg/100 mL) concentrations of the rats in a dose dependent manner. However, (at the high dose) the increase in Body Weight (BW) (0.08 +/- 0.07 kg), Feed Intake (FI) (0.40 +/- 0.03 kg) and Water Intake (WI) (0.65 +/- 0.18 L) induced by ARG plus MSG exposure was not significant (p < or = 0.05), suggesting non treatment related effect on these routine parameters. However, exposure to ARG plus MSG may significantly improve feed efficiency, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in the male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Cemaluk Egbuonu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Toxicological Biochemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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39
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Takemoto Y. Intracisternally injected L-proline activates hypothalamic supraoptic, but not paraventricular, vasopressin-expressing neurons in conscious rats. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2012; 2011:230613. [PMID: 22312458 PMCID: PMC3268034 DOI: 10.4061/2011/230613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When injected into specific rat brain regions, the neurotransmitter candidate L-proline produces various cardiovascular changes through ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors. The present study used an immunohistochemical double-labeling approach to determine whether intracisternally injected L-proline in freely moving rats, which increases blood pressure, activates hypothalamic vasopressin-expressing neurons and ventral medullary tyrosine-hydroxylase- (TH-) containing neurons. Following injection of L-proline, the number of activated hypothalamic neurons that coexpressed vasopressin and c-Fos was much greater in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) than in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats with increased blood pressure. The number of activated TH-containing neurons was significantly greater following L-proline treatment than following control injections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). These results clearly demonstrate that intracisternally injected L-proline activates hypothalamic supraoptic, but not paraventricular, vasopressin-expressing neurons and medullary TH-containing (A1/C1) neurons in freely moving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Takemoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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40
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Nagasawa M, Murakami T, Sato M, Takahata Y, Morimatsu F, Furuse M. Dietary animal proteins alter monoamine metabolism in the brain. Anim Sci J 2011; 83:493-8. [PMID: 22694334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several amino acids have effects on mental function, including sedative, antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects. However, the influence of integrated amino acid nutrition as protein constituents on mental function remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of chicken, pork and beef protein extracts on brain monoamine metabolism in mice. Changes in monoamine levels and their turnover rates in the brain were induced by different protein sources. In particular, chicken protein group showed the highest norepinephrine levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, and beef protein extract caused an activation of the serotonergic system in the hypothalamus, although there were no significant differences in amino acid compositions of these protein extracts. Therefore, it was revealed that amino acid compositions in dietary protein did not induce alteration in monoamine metabolism. However, there were differences in small molecular peptides, such as creatine, carnosine and anserine levels in animal protein extracts. In conclusion, monoamine metabolism was altered by dietary protein sources. However, it was indicated that the alteration in monoamine metabolism may be independent from amino acid compositions in dietary protein. In addition, alteration in monoamine metabolism depending on the dietary protein sources may be induced by small molecular peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi, Fukuoka, Japan
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41
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Kurata K, Shigemi K, Tomonaga S, Aoki M, Morishita K, Denbow D, Furuse M. l-Ornithine attenuates corticotropin-releasing factor-induced stress responses acting at GABAA receptors in neonatal chicks. Neuroscience 2011; 172:226-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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42
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Kabuki Y, Shigemi K, Hamasu K, Denbow DM, Furuse M. Chronic L-tyrosine alters the locomotor activity and brain monoamine levels in Roborovskii hamsters. Neurosci Lett 2010; 488:45-8. [PMID: 21056630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Roborovskii hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) has high locomotor activity (hyperactivity) and low dopamine levels in the brain compared with the congeneric Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). To clarify the efficacy of dietary l-tyrosine in ameliorating signs of hyperactivity, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of l-tyrosine, the primary precursor of dopamine, on locomotor activity and brain monoamine levels in Roborovskii hamsters. Chronic supplementation of l-tyrosine had no effect on locomotor activity in the open field, but did decrease locomotor activity in the home cage. Tyrosine increased dopamine and norepinephrine turnover rates and decreased in serotonin turnover rate in the brain. These findings suggest that long-term feeding of l-tyrosine may be effective in ameliorating signs of hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kabuki
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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43
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Hamasu K, Shigemi K, Tsuneyoshi Y, Yamane H, Sato H, Denbow DM, Furuse M. Intracerebroventricular injection of L-proline and D-proline induces sedative and hypnotic effects by different mechanisms under an acute stressful condition in chicks. Amino Acids 2010; 38:57-64. [PMID: 19023642 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The central effects of L-proline, D-proline and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline were investigated by using the acute stressful model with neonatal chicks in Experiment 1. Sedative and hypnotic effects were induced by all compounds, while plasma corticosterone release under isolation stress was only attenuated by L-proline. To clarify the mechanism by which L-proline and D-proline induce sedative and hypnotic effects, the contribution of the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (glycine receptor) and N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDA receptor) were further investigated. In Experiments 2-3, the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine was co-injected intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) with L-proline or D-proline. The suppression of isolation-induced stress behavior by D-proline was attenuated by strychnine. However, the suppression of stress behavior by L-proline was not attenuated. In Experiment 4, the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-MK-801 was co-injected i.c.v. with L-proline. The suppression of stress behavior by L-proline was attenuated by (+)-MK-801. These results indicate that L-proline and D-proline differentially induce sedative and hypnotic effects through NMDA and glycine receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hamasu
- Laboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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44
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Kabuki Y, Mizobe Y, Yamada S, Furuse M. Dietary l-tyrosine alleviates the behavioral alterations induced by social isolation stress in mice. Brain Res Bull 2009; 80:389-96. [PMID: 19712729 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress induces abnormal mental state and behavior, and can be a risk factor for mental disorders. Although it is reported that l-tyrosine, an amino acid that is a precursor of catecholamine synthesis, alleviated the change of cognition and behavior induced by acute stress, knowledge about its effects on chronic stress is limited. In the present study, the effects of dietary l-tyrosine on behavioral alteration induced by chronic stress were investigated by employing a social isolation stress model in mice. Social isolation stress increased locomotor activity in both the home cage and open field. These increases of locomotor activity were suppressed by dietary l-tyrosine. Moreover, l-tyrosine increased both the concentration and turnover rate of norepinephrine metabolites. These findings partly suggest the availability of dietary l-tyrosine for psychic dysfunctions induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kabuki
- Laboratory of Advanced Animal and Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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45
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Ma X, Lin Y, Jiang Z, Zheng C, Zhou G, Yu D, Cao T, Wang J, Chen F. Dietary arginine supplementation enhances antioxidative capacity and improves meat quality of finishing pigs. Amino Acids 2008; 38:95-102. [PMID: 19057978 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary arginine supplementation may improve meat quality of finishing pigs. Beginning at approximately 60 kg body weight, pigs were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 0.5 or 1% L-arginine until they reached a body weight of approximately 110 kg. On the last day of the experiment, pigs were food-deprived for 16 h before blood samples were obtained for analysis of amino acids, insulin, and other metabolites. Immediately thereafter, pigs were slaughtered for determination of carcass composition, muscle biochemical parameters, and meat quality. The result showed that arginine did not affect pig growth performance or carcass traits. However, 1% arginine decreased drip loss of pork muscle at 48 h postmortem, while increasing intramuscular fat content (P < 0.05). Supplementing 0.5 or 1% arginine to the diet increased arginine concentration and decreased cortisol level in serum, while enhancing antioxidative capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum (P < 0.05). Additionally, 1% arginine increased antioxidative capacity in skeletal muscle (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.5 or 1% arginine decreased the cortisol receptor mRNA level in muscle (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicate that supplemental arginine improved meat quality and attenuated oxidative stress of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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46
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Advances in protein–amino acid nutrition of poultry. Amino Acids 2008; 37:29-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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