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Zhao Y, Li R, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Guan F, Nie Y. O-GlcNAc signaling: Implications for stress-induced adaptive response pathway in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217101. [PMID: 38969156 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of tumor cells, non-tumor cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules, which can contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. In response to starvation, hypoxia, and drug treatments, tumor cells undergo a variety of deleterious endogenous stresses, such as hypoxia, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. In this context, to survive the difficult situation, tumor cells evolve multiple conserved adaptive responses, including metabolic reprogramming, DNA damage checkpoints, homologous recombination, up-regulated antioxidant pathways, and activated unfolded protein responses. In the last decades, the protein O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a crucial causative link between glucose metabolism and tumor progression. Here, we discuss the relevant pathways that regulate the above responses. These pathways are adaptive adjustments induced by endogenous stresses in cells. In addition, we systematically discuss the role of O-GlcNAcylation-regulated stress-induced adaptive response pathways (SARPs) in TME remodeling, tumor progression, and treatment resistance. We also emphasize targeting O-GlcNAcylation through compounds that modulate OGT or OGA activity to inhibit tumor progression. It seems that targeting O-GlcNAcylated proteins to intervene in TME may be a novel approach to improve tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Renlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiujin Zhang
- Second Clinical Medicine College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jialu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Sung HJ, Kim DY, Bui NA, Han IO. Neuro-protective effects of increased O-GlcNAcylation by glucosamine in an optic tectum traumatic brain injury model of adult zebrafish. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024:nlae092. [PMID: 39150431 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the behavioral and molecular changes in the telencephalon following needle stab-induced injury in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish. At 3 days post-injury (dpi), there was noticeable structural damage to brain tissue and reduced neuronal proliferation in the telencephalon that persisted until 30 dpi. Neurobehavioral deficits observed at 3 dpi included decreased exploratory and social activities and impaired learning and memory (L/M) functions; all of these resolved by 7 dpi. The injury led to a reduction in telencephalic phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein and O-GlcNAcylation, both of which were restored by 30 dpi. There was an increase in GFAP expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 at 3 dpi, which were not restored by 30 dpi. The injury caused decreased O-GlcNAc transferase and increased O-GlcNAcase levels at 3 dpi, normalizing by 30 dpi. Glucosamine (GlcN) treatment at 3 dpi significantly restored O-GlcNAcylation levels and L/M function, also reducing GFAP activation. Glucose treatment recovered L/M function by 7 dpi, but inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway by 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine blocked this recovery. These findings suggest that the O-GlcNAc pathway is a potential therapeutic target for addressing L/M impairment following traumatic brain injury in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jae Sung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ngan An Bui
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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Jiang Y, Wu J, Guan F, Liang L, Wang Y. O-GlcNAcylation determines the function of the key O-GalNAc glycosyltransferase C1GalT1 in bladder cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 39126245 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a type of protein post-translational modification. One specific example is the modification of proteins with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc). Enhanced levels of both O-GalNAc and O-GlcNAc in bladder cancer (BlCa) have been reported previously. However, the interplay between O-GalNAc and O-GlcNAc has yet to be explored. Herein, we find that the expression level of core1 β-1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1), which is responsible for extending and maturing mucin-type O-glycans, is increased in BlCa. This increase is accompanied by O-GlcNAc modification of C1GalT1. This modification stabilizes C1GalT1 expression and strengthens its interaction with its chaperone Cosmc. Mutation at Thr229 or Thr233 attenuates C1GalT1 stability and facilitates its degradation via the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, a decrease in C1GalT1 inhibits the pro-tumorigenic effect on bladder cancer cells by suppressing glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhuo Jiang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Jinpeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Alghusen IM, Carman MS, Wilkins HM, Strope TA, Gimore C, Fedosyuk H, Shawa J, Ephrame SJ, Denson AR, Wang X, Swerdlow RH, Slawson C. O-GlcNAc impacts mitophagy via the PINK1-dependent pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1387931. [PMID: 39175808 PMCID: PMC11339348 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1387931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The impaired turnover of damaged mitochondria increases reactive oxygen species production and lowers ATP generation, leading to cellular toxicity and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, AD exhibits a disruption in the global post-translational modification β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). O-GlcNAc is a ubiquitous single sugar modification found in the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins. Cells maintain a homeostatic level of O-GlcNAc by cycling the addition and removal of the sugar by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Methods We used patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, a transgenic mouse model of AD, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines to examine the effect of sustained O-GlcNAcase inhibition by Thiamet-G (TMG) or OGT deficiency on mitophagy using biochemical analyses. Results Here, we established an essential role for O-GlcNAc in regulating mitophagy (mitochondria-selective autophagy). Stimulating mitophagy using urolithin A (UA) decreases cellular O-GlcNAc and elevates mitochondrial O-GlcNAc. Sustained elevation in O-GlcNAcylation via pharmacologically inhibiting OGA using Thiamet-G (TMG) increases the mitochondrial level of mitophagy protein PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and autophagy-related protein light chain 3 (LC3). Moreover, we detected O-GlcNAc on PINK1 and TMG increases its O-GlcNAcylation level. Conversely, decreasing cellular O-GlcNAcylation by knocking down OGT decreases both PINK1 protein expression and LC3 protein expression. Mitochondria isolated from CAMKII-OGT-KO mice also had decreased PINK1 and LC3. Moreover, human brain organoids treated with TMG showed significant elevation in LC3 compared to control. However, TMG-treated AD organoids showed no changes in LC3 expression. Conclusion Collectively, these data demonstrate that O-GlcNAc plays a crucial role in the activation and progression of mitophagy, and this activation is disrupted in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtihal M. Alghusen
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Marisa S. Carman
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Heather M. Wilkins
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Taylor A. Strope
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Caleb Gimore
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Halyna Fedosyuk
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jad Shawa
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sophiya John Ephrame
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Aspin R. Denson
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Umapathi P, Aggarwal A, Zahra F, Narayanan B, Zachara NE. The multifaceted role of intracellular glycosylation in cytoprotection and heart disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107296. [PMID: 38641064 PMCID: PMC11126959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins by O-linked β-N-actylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an essential posttranslational modification that is common in metozoans. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off proteins in response to environmental and physiological stimuli impacting protein function, which, in turn, tunes pathways that include transcription, translation, proteostasis, signal transduction, and metabolism. One class of stimulus that induces rapid and dynamic changes to O-GlcNAc is cellular injury, resulting from environmental stress (for instance, heat shock), hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, ischemia reperfusion injury (heart attack, stroke, trauma hemorrhage), and sepsis. Acute elevation of O-GlcNAc before or after injury reduces apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting that injury-induced changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate cell fate decisions. However, prolonged elevation or reduction in O-GlcNAc leads to a maladaptive response and is associated with pathologies such as hypertrophy and heart failure. In this review, we discuss the impact of O-GlcNAc in both acute and prolonged models of injury with a focus on the heart and biological mechanisms that underpin cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Umapathi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiddia Zahra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhargavi Narayanan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Wu C, Li J, Lu L, Li M, Yuan Y, Li J. OGT and OGA: Sweet guardians of the genome. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107141. [PMID: 38447797 PMCID: PMC10981121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The past 4 decades have witnessed tremendous efforts in deciphering the role of O-GlcNAcylation in a plethora of biological processes. Chemists and biologists have joined hand in hand in the sweet adventure to unravel this unique and universal yet uncharted post-translational modification, and the recent advent of cutting-edge chemical biology and mass spectrometry tools has greatly facilitated the process. Compared with O-GlcNAc, DNA damage response (DDR) is a relatively intensively studied area that could be traced to before the elucidation of the structure of DNA. Unexpectedly, yet somewhat expectedly, O-GlcNAc has been found to regulate various DDR pathways: homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining, base excision repair, and translesion DNA synthesis. In this review, we first cover the recent structural studies of the O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, the elegant duo that "writes" and "erases" O-GlcNAc modification. Then we delineate the intricate roles of O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase in DDR. We envision that this is only the beginning of our full appreciation of how O-GlcNAc regulates the blueprint of life-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
| | - Jiaheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingzi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Zhu Z, Li S, Yin X, Sun K, Song J, Ren W, Gao L, Zhi K. Review: Protein O-GlcNAcylation regulates DNA damage response: A novel target for cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130351. [PMID: 38403231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) safeguards the stable genetic information inheritance by orchestrating a complex protein network in response to DNA damage. However, this mechanism can often hamper the effectiveness of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy in destroying tumor cells, causing cancer resistance. Inhibiting DDR can significantly improve tumor cell sensitivity to radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Thus, DDR can be a potential target for cancer treatment. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of DDR-associated proteins profoundly affect their activity and function by covalently attaching new functional groups. O-GlcNAcylation (O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation) is an emerging PTM associated with adding and removing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues of proteins. It acts as a dual sensor for nutrients and stress in the cell and is sensitive to DNA damage. However, the explanation behind the specific role of O-GlcNAcylation in the DDR remains remains to be elucidated. To illustrate the complex relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and DDR, this review systematically describes the role of O-GlcNAcylation in DNA repair, cell cycle, and chromatin. We also discuss the defects of current strategies for targeting O-GlcNAcylation-regulated DDR in cancer therapy and suggest potential directions to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Laboratory of Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jianzhong Song
- Department of Oral and Maxilloafacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
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Liu X, Cai YD, Chiu JC. Regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation by circadian, metabolic, and cellular signals. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105616. [PMID: 38159854 PMCID: PMC10810748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification that regulates thousands of proteins and almost all cellular processes. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. O-GlcNAcylation is highly nutrient-sensitive since it is dependent on UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). We previously observed daily rhythmicity of protein O-GlcNAcylation in a Drosophila model that is sensitive to the timing of food consumption. We showed that the circadian clock is pivotal in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythms given its control of the feeding-fasting cycle and hence nutrient availability. Interestingly, we reported that the circadian clock also modulates daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm by regulating molecular mechanisms beyond the regulation of food consumption time. A large body of work now indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is likely a generalized cellular status effector as it responds to various cellular signals and conditions, such as ER stress, apoptosis, and infection. In this review, we summarize the metabolic regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation through nutrient availability, HBP enzymes, and O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. We discuss the emerging roles of circadian clocks in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm. Finally, we provide an overview of other cellular signals or conditions that impact O-GlcNAcylation. Many of these cellular pathways are themselves regulated by the clock and/or metabolism. Our review highlights the importance of maintaining optimal O-GlcNAc rhythm by restricting eating activity to the active period under physiological conditions and provides insights into potential therapeutic targets of O-GlcNAc homeostasis under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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Alghusen IM, Carman MS, Wilkins H, Ephrame SJ, Qiang A, Dias WB, Fedosyuk H, Denson AR, Swerdlow RH, Slawson C. O-GlcNAc regulates the mitochondrial integrated stress response by regulating ATF4. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1326127. [PMID: 38192280 PMCID: PMC10773771 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1326127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunctional is a hallmark of age-related neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairment of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and increasing neuronal stress. Therefore, investigating the basic mechanisms of how mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated is essential. Herein, we investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation, a single sugar post-translational modification, in controlling mitochondrial stress-induced transcription factor Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4). Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers the integrated stress response (ISRmt), in which the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α results in the translation of ATF4. Methods We used patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, a transgenic mouse model of AD, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and HeLa cell-lines to examine the effect of sustained O-GlcNAcase inhibition by Thiamet-G (TMG) on ISRmt using biochemical analyses. Results We show that TMG elevates ATF4 protein levels upon mitochondrial stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and HeLa cell-lines. An indirect downstream target of ATF4 mitochondrial chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) is significantly elevated. Interestingly, knock-down of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, in SH-SY5Y increases ATF4 protein and mRNA expression. Additionally, ATF4 target gene Activating Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) is significantly elevated at both the protein and mRNA level. Brains isolated from TMG treated mice show elevated levels of ATF4 and GRP75. Importantly, ATF4 occupancy increases at the ATF5 promoter site in brains isolated from TMG treated mice suggesting that O-GlcNAc is regulating ATF4 targeted gene expression. Interestingly, ATF4 and GRP75 are not induced in TMG treated familial Alzheimer's Disease mice model. The same results are seen in a human in vitro model of AD. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that in healthy conditions, O-GlcNAc regulates the ISRmt through regulating ATF4, while manipulating O-GlcNAc in AD has no effect on ISRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtihal M. Alghusen
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Marisa S. Carman
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Heather Wilkins
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sophiya John Ephrame
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Amy Qiang
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Wagner B. Dias
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Halyna Fedosyuk
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Aspin R. Denson
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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10
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Wu K, Chen L, Qiu Z, Zhao B, Hou J, Lei S, Jiang M, Xia Z. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Xbp1s Regulating HBP/O-GlcNAcylation through GFAT1 on Brain Injury after SAH. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051259. [PMID: 37238930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) SAH induces cellular stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) in nerve cells. IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1) is a protein that plays a critical role in cellular stress response. Its final product, Xbp1s, is essential for adapting to changes in the external environment. This process helps maintain proper cellular function in response to various stressors. O-GlcNAcylation, a means of protein modification, has been found to be involved in SAH pathophysiology. SAH can increase the acute O-GlcNAcylation level of nerve cells, which enhances the stress capacity of nerve cells. The GFAT1 enzyme regulates the level of O-GlcNAc modification in cells, which could be a potential target for neuroprotection in SAH. Investigating the IRE1/XBP1s/GFAT1 axis could offer a promising avenue for future research. (2) Methods: SAH was induced using a suture to perforate an artery in mice. HT22 cells with Xbp1 loss- and gain-of-function in neurons were generated. Thiamet-G was used to increase O-GlcNAcylation; (3) Results: Severe neuroinflammation caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to extensive endoplasmic reticulum stress of nerve cells. Xbp1s, the final product of unfolded proteins induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress, can induce the expression of the hexosamine pathway rate limiting enzyme GFAT1, increase the level of O-GlcNAc modification of cells, and have a protective effect on neural cells; (4) Conclusions: The correlation between Xbp1s displayed by immunohistochemistry and O-GlcNAc modification suggests that the IRE1/XBP1 branch of unfolded protein reaction plays a key role in subarachnoid hemorrhage. IRE1/XBP1 branch is a new idea to regulate protein glycosylation modification, and provides a promising strategy for clinical perioperative prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Shaoqin Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430064, China
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11
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Abstract
High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue iron levels and in pathologic iron overload. Because of iron's central role in metabolic processes (e.g., fuel oxidation) and metabolic regulation (e.g., hypoxia sensing), iron levels participate in determining metabolic rates, gluconeogenesis, fuel choice, insulin action, and adipocyte phenotype. The risk of diabetes related to iron is evident in most or all tissues that determine diabetes phenotypes, with the adipocyte, beta cell, and liver playing central roles. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse, although there may be integrative pathways at play. Elucidating these pathways has implications not only for diabetes prevention and treatment, but also for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like T2DM, associated with aging, nutrition, and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria V Harrison
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Felipe Ramos Lorenzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald A McClain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Fahie KMM, Papanicolaou KN, Zachara NE. Integration of O-GlcNAc into Stress Response Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3509. [PMID: 36359905 PMCID: PMC9654274 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins by O-linked βN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a dynamic and essential post-translational modification of mammalian proteins. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off over 5000 proteins in response to diverse stimuli impacting protein function and, in turn, epigenetics and transcription, translation and proteostasis, metabolism, cell structure, and signal transduction. Environmental and physiological injury lead to complex changes in O-GlcNAcylation that impact cell and tissue survival in models of heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, as well as ischemic reperfusion injury. Numerous mechanisms that appear to underpin O-GlcNAc-mediated survival include changes in chaperone levels, impacts on the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response, improvements in mitochondrial function, and reduced protein aggregation. Here, we discuss the points at which O-GlcNAc is integrated into the cellular stress response, focusing on the roles it plays in the cardiovascular system and in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau M. M. Fahie
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kyriakos N. Papanicolaou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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13
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Ping X, Stark JM. O-GlcNAc transferase is important for homology-directed repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 119:103394. [PMID: 36095925 PMCID: PMC9884008 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) to serine or threonine residues is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the only enzyme for O-GlcNAcylation, and is a potential cancer therapeutic target in combination with clastogenic (i.e., chromosomal breaking) therapeutics. Thus, we sought to examine the influence of O-GlcNAcylation on chromosomal break repair. Using a set of DNA double strand break (DSB) reporter assays, we found that the depletion of OGT, and its inhibition with a small molecule each caused a reduction in repair pathways that involve use of homology: RAD51-dependent homology-directed repair (HDR), and single strand annealing. In contrast, such OGT disruption did not obviously affect chromosomal break end joining, and furthermore caused an increase in homology-directed gene targeting. Such disruption in OGT also caused a reduction in clonogenic survival, as well as modifications to cell cycle profiles, particularly an increase in G1-phase cells. We also examined intermediate steps of HDR, finding no obvious effects on an assay for DSB end resection, nor for RAD51 recruitment into ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) in proliferating cells. However, we also found that the influence of OGT on HDR and homology-directed gene targeting were dependent on RAD52, and that OGT is important for RAD52 IRIF in proliferating cells. Thus, we suggest that OGT is important for regulation of HDR that is partially linked to RAD52 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ping
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to J.M.S:, Phone: 626-218-6346, Fax: 626-301-8892,
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14
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Very N, El Yazidi-Belkoura I. Targeting O-GlcNAcylation to overcome resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960312. [PMID: 36059648 PMCID: PMC9428582 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, metabolic reprogramming is associated with an alteration of the O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis. This post-translational modification (PTM) that attaches O-GlcNAc moiety to intracellular proteins is dynamically and finely regulated by the O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA). It is now established that O-GlcNAcylation participates in many features of cancer cells including a high rate of cell growth, invasion, and metastasis but little is known about its impact on the response to therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of O-GlcNAc protein modification in cancer resistance to therapies. We summarize the current knowledge about the crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor sensitivity/resistance to targeted therapies, chemotherapies, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. We also discuss potential benefits and strategies of targeting O-GlcNAcylation to overcome cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon Very
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura,
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15
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Liu Y, Nelson ZM, Reda A, Fehl C. Spatiotemporal Proximity Labeling Tools to Track GlcNAc Sugar-Modified Functional Protein Hubs during Cellular Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2153-2164. [PMID: 35819414 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental mechanism that all eukaryotic cells use to adapt to their environment is dynamic protein modification with monosaccharide sugars. In humans, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is rapidly added to and removed from diverse protein sites as a response to fluctuating nutrient levels, stressors, and signaling cues. Two aspects remain challenging for tracking functional O-GlcNAc events with chemical strategies: spatial control over subcellular locations and time control during labeling. The objective of this study was to create intracellular proximity labeling tools to identify functional changes in O-GlcNAc patterns with spatiotemporal control. We developed a labeling strategy based on the TurboID proximity labeling system for rapid protein biotin conjugation directed to O-GlcNAc protein modifications inside cells, a set of tools called "GlycoID." Localized variants to the nucleus and cytosol, nuc-GlycoID and cyt-GlycoID, labeled O-GlcNAc proteins and their interactomes in subcellular space. Labeling during insulin and serum stimulation revealed functional changes in O-GlcNAc proteins as soon as 30 min following signal initiation. We demonstrated using proteomic analysis that the GlycoID strategy captured O-GlcNAcylated "activity hubs" consisting of O-GlcNAc proteins and their associated protein-protein interactions. The ability to follow changes in O-GlcNAc hubs during physiological events such as insulin signaling allows these tools to determine the mechanisms of glycobiological cell regulation. Our functional O-GlcNAc data sets in human cells will be a valuable resource for O-GlcNAc-driven mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zachary M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ali Reda
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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16
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Tools, tactics and objectives to interrogate cellular roles of O-GlcNAc in disease. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:8-17. [PMID: 34934185 PMCID: PMC8712397 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vast array of cell types of multicellular organisms must individually fine-tune their internal metabolism. One important metabolic and stress regulatory mechanism is the dynamic attachment/removal of glucose-derived sugar N-acetylglucosamine on proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). The number of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is bewildering, with at least 7,000 sites in human cells. The outstanding challenge is determining how key O-GlcNAc sites regulate a target pathway amidst thousands of potential global sites. Innovative solutions are required to address this challenge in cell models and disease therapy. This Perspective shares critical suggestions for the O-GlcNAc field gleaned from the international O-GlcNAc community. Further, we summarize critical tools and tactics to enable newcomers to O-GlcNAc biology to drive innovation at the interface of metabolism and disease. The growing pace of O-GlcNAc research makes this a timely juncture to involve a wide array of scientists and new toolmakers to selectively approach the regulatory roles of O-GlcNAc in disease.
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17
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Wu J, Tan Z, Li H, Lin M, Jiang Y, Liang L, Ma Q, Gou J, Ning L, Li X, Guan F. Melatonin reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by suppressing O-GlcNAcylation of cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12765. [PMID: 34487576 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin helps to maintain circadian rhythm, exerts anticancer activity, and plays key roles in regulation of glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Glycosylation, a form of metabolic flux from glucose or other monosaccharides, is a common post-translational modification. Dysregulated glycosylation, particularly O-GlcNAcylation, is often a biomarker of cancer cells. In this study, elevated O-GlcNAc level in bladder cancer was inhibited by melatonin treatment. Melatonin treatment inhibited proliferation and migration and enhanced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Proteomic analysis revealed reduction in cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 (CDK5) expression by melatonin. O-GlcNAc modification determined the conformation of critical T-loop domain on CDK5 and further influenced the CDK5 stability. The mechanism whereby melatonin suppressed O-GlcNAc level was based on decreased glucose uptake and metabolic flux from glucose to UDP-GlcNAc, and consequent reduction in CDK5 expression. Melatonin treatment, inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation by OSMI-1, or mutation of key O-GlcNAc site strongly suppressed in vivo tumor growth. Our findings indicate that melatonin reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by suppressing O-GlcNAcylation of CDK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zengqi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meixuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Liang Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qilong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjie Gou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lulu Ning
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Bisnett BJ, Condon BM, Linhart NA, Lamb CH, Huynh DT, Bai J, Smith TJ, Hu J, Georgiou GR, Boyce M. Evidence for nutrient-dependent regulation of the COPII coat by O-GlcNAcylation. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1102-1120. [PMID: 34142147 PMCID: PMC8457363 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic form of intracellular glycosylation common in animals, plants and other organisms. O-GlcNAcylation is essential in mammalian cells and is dysregulated in myriad human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. Despite this pathophysiological significance, key aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling remain incompletely understood, including its impact on fundamental cell biological processes. Here, we investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the coat protein II complex (COPII), a system universally conserved in eukaryotes that mediates anterograde vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum. We identify new O-GlcNAcylation sites on Sec24C, Sec24D and Sec31A, core components of the COPII system, and provide evidence for potential nutrient-sensitive pathway regulation through site-specific glycosylation. Our work suggests a new connection between metabolism and trafficking through the conduit of COPII protein O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Bisnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brett M Condon
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Noah A Linhart
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Caitlin H Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Duc T Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jimin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George R Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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19
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Huang H, Wang Y, Huang T, Wang L, Liu Y, Wu Q, Yu A, Shi M, Wang X, Li W, Zhang J, Liu Y. FOXA2 inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via transcriptionally activating HBP rate-limiting enzyme GFPT1 in HCC cells. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:625-638. [PMID: 34291417 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in both carcinogenesis and cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanisms through which resistance to apoptosis occurs in cancer cells has huge implications for cancer treatment. Although pieces of evidence have shown that elevated levels of global O-GlcNAcylation play an anti-apoptotic role in myriad cancers, the underlying mechanism is still ambiguous. In this study, we demonstrated that FOXA2, an essential transcription factor for liver homeostasis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, inhibits doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis through elevating cellular O-GlcNAcylation in HCC cells. In response to DOX treatment, elevated FOXA2 and global O-GlcNAcylation level was observed in HCC cells, and higher FOXA2 levels indicated lower levels of DOX-induced apoptosis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that FOXA2 is a direct transcriptional activator of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) rate-limiting enzyme GFPT1. The upregulation of FOXA2 expression induced the synthesis of intracellular UDP-GlcNAc, which is the sugar substrate of O-GlcNAcylation produced by the HBP. The flux through the HBP elevated the global O-GlcNAcylation level and led to the activation of survival signaling pathways in HCC cells. Furthermore, GFPT1 was proved to be an important downstream regulator of FOXA2-mediated apoptotic suppression. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which FOXA2 inhibits DOX-induced HCC cell apoptosis and suggest that targeting FOXA2 might offer a new strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Tianmiao Huang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yangzhi Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Ang Yu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Meiyun Shi
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
| | - Yubo Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
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20
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Nikolaou MA, Drosos Y, Havaki S, Arvanitis D, Sotiriou S, Vassiou K, Zibis A, Arvanitis LD. The O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Containing Epitope H (O-GlcNAcH) is Upregulated in the Trophoblastic and Downregulated in the Fibroblastic Cells in Missed Miscarriage Human Chorionic Villi With Simple Hydropic Degeneration. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021; 40:324-332. [PMID: 32897971 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epitope H contains an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcH) residue in a specific conformation and/or environment recognized by the mouse monoclonal antibody H. O-GlcNAcH is present in several types of cells and in several polypeptides, including cytokeratin 8 and vimentin, on the latter in cells under stress. In the present work, we examined the expression of the O-GlcNAcH in 60 cases of endometrial curettings from missed miscarriage cases containing normal and simple hydropic degenerated chorionic villi in each case, using monoclonal antibody H and indirect immunoperoxidase and Western blot immunoblot. In all cases examined the expression of the O-GlcNAcH was cytoplasmic as follows: (1) syncytiotrophoblastic cells showed very low expression in chorionic villi (CV) with nonhydropic degeneration (NHD) and high expression in hydropic degenerated (HD) CV; (2) cytotrophoblastic cells showed low expression in CV with NHD and high expression in HD CV; (3) fibroblastic cells showed high expression in CV with NHD and very low expression in HD CV; (4) histiocytes showed very low expression in both types of CV; (5) endothelial cells showed high expression in both types of CV. An immunoblot of CV from one case of a legal abortion from a normal first-trimester pregnancy showed 5 polypeptides with 118.5, 106.3, 85, 53, and 36.7 kD bearing the epitope H and the 53 kD corresponded to cytokeratin 8. The expression of the O-GlcNAcH is upregulated in the trophoblastic cells and downregulated in the fibroblastic cells in the HD CV in comparison to the NHD CV.
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21
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Zhu Q, Yi W. Chemistry-Assisted Proteomic Profiling of O-GlcNAcylation. Front Chem 2021; 9:702260. [PMID: 34249870 PMCID: PMC8267408 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.702260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification on proteins with O-linked N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is essential for normal cell physiology. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation leads to many human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the functional role of O-GlcNAcylation in different physiological states has been elucidated due to the booming detection technologies. Chemical approaches for the enrichment of O-GlcNAcylated proteins combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomics enable the profiling of protein O-GlcNAcylation in a system-wide level. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the enrichment and proteomic profiling of protein O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Martinez M, Renuse S, Kreimer S, O'Meally R, Natov P, Madugundu AK, Nirujogi RS, Tahir R, Cole R, Pandey A, Zachara NE. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals that the OGT Interactome Is Remodeled in Response to Oxidative Stress. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100069. [PMID: 33716169 PMCID: PMC8079276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic modification of specific serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins by O-linked N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) mitigates injury and promotes cytoprotection in a variety of stress models. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the O-GlcNAcase are the sole enzymes that add and remove O-GlcNAc, respectively, from thousands of substrates. It remains unclear how just two enzymes can be specifically controlled to affect glycosylation of target proteins and signaling pathways both basally and in response to stress. Several lines of evidence suggest that protein interactors regulate these responses by affecting OGT and O-GlcNAcase activity, localization, and substrate specificity. To provide insight into the mechanisms by which OGT function is controlled, we have used quantitative proteomics to define OGT's basal and stress-induced interactomes. OGT and its interaction partners were immunoprecipitated from OGT WT, null, and hydrogen peroxide-treated cell lysates that had been isotopically labeled with light, medium, and heavy lysine and arginine (stable isotopic labeling of amino acids in cell culture). In total, more than 130 proteins were found to interact with OGT, many of which change their association upon hydrogen peroxide stress. These proteins include the major OGT cleavage and glycosylation substrate, host cell factor 1, which demonstrated a time-dependent dissociation after stress. To validate less well-characterized interactors, such as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and histone deacetylase 1, we turned to parallel reaction monitoring, which recapitulated our discovery-based stable isotopic labeling of amino acids in cell culture approach. Although the majority of proteins identified are novel OGT interactors, 64% of them are previously characterized glycosylation targets that contain varied domain architecture and function. Together these data demonstrate that OGT interacts with unique and specific interactors in a stress-responsive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Martinez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Currently at Foghorn Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Currently at the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States; Currently at the Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Simion Kreimer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; The Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Currently at the Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Smidt Heart institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert O'Meally
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; The Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Natov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Currently at the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Raja Sekhar Nirujogi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Currently at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Raiha Tahir
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Currently at Ginkgo Bioworks, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; The Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Currently at the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States; Currently at the Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
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23
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Groenevelt JM, Corey DJ, Fehl C. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Applications of O-GlcNAcylated Peptides and Proteins. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1854-1870. [PMID: 33450137 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All human cells use O-GlcNAc protein modifications (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine) to rapidly adapt to changing nutrient and stress conditions through signaling, epigenetic, and proteostasis mechanisms. A key challenge for biologists in defining precise roles for specific O-GlcNAc sites is synthetic access to homogenous isoforms of O-GlcNAc proteins, a result of the non-genetically templated, transient, and heterogeneous nature of O-GlcNAc modifications. Toward a solution, this review details the state of the art of two strategies for O-GlcNAc protein modification: advances in "bottom-up" O-GlcNAc peptide synthesis and direct "top-down" installation of O-GlcNAc on full proteins. We also describe key applications of synthetic O-GlcNAc peptide and protein tools as therapeutics, biophysical structure-function studies, biomarkers, and as disease mechanistic probes to advance translational O-GlcNAc biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Groenevelt
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Daniel J Corey
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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24
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Bisnett BJ, Condon BM, Lamb CH, Georgiou GR, Boyce M. Export Control: Post-transcriptional Regulation of the COPII Trafficking Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618652. [PMID: 33511128 PMCID: PMC7835409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coat protein complex II (COPII) mediates forward trafficking of protein and lipid cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum. COPII is an ancient and essential pathway in all eukaryotes and COPII dysfunction underlies a range of human diseases. Despite this broad significance, major aspects of COPII trafficking remain incompletely understood. For example, while the biochemical features of COPII vesicle formation are relatively well characterized, much less is known about how the COPII system dynamically adjusts its activity to changing physiologic cues or stresses. Recently, post-transcriptional mechanisms have emerged as a major mode of COPII regulation. Here, we review the current literature on how post-transcriptional events, and especially post-translational modifications, govern the COPII pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Bisnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brett M Condon
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Caitlin H Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - George R Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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25
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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26
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Xu S, Sun F, Tong M, Wu R. MS-based proteomics for comprehensive investigation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. Mol Omics 2021; 17:186-196. [PMID: 33687411 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation refers to the covalent binding of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the serine or threonine residue. This modification primarily occurs on proteins in the nucleus and the cytosol, and plays critical roles in many cellular events, including regulation of gene expression and signal transduction. Aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation is directly related to human diseases such as cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In the past decades, considerable progress has been made for global and site-specific analysis of O-GlcNAcylation in complex biological samples using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. In this review, we summarized previous efforts on comprehensive investigation of protein O-GlcNAcylation by MS. Specifically, the review is focused on methods for enriching and site-specifically mapping O-GlcNAcylated peptides, and applications for quantifying protein O-GlcNAcylation in different biological systems. As O-GlcNAcylation is an important protein modification for cell survival, effective methods are essential for advancing our understanding of glycoprotein functions and cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ming Tong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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27
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhang N, Zhang K, Dou T, Cao Y, Liu Y, Li K, Hao X, Xie X, Li W, Ren Y, Zhang J. Proteomic profiling and genome-wide mapping of O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated proteins reveal an O-GlcNAc-regulated genotoxic stress response. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5898. [PMID: 33214551 PMCID: PMC7678849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc modification plays critical roles in regulating the stress response program and cellular homeostasis. However, systematic and multi-omics studies on the O-GlcNAc regulated mechanism have been limited. Here, comprehensive data are obtained by a chemical reporter-based method to survey O-GlcNAc function in human breast cancer cells stimulated with the genotoxic agent adriamycin. We identify 875 genotoxic stress-induced O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated proteins (OCPs), including 88 O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated transcription factors and cofactors (OCTFs), subsequently map their genomic loci, and construct a comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming network. Notably, genotoxicity-induced O-GlcNAc enhances the genome-wide interactions of OCPs with chromatin. The dynamic binding switch of hundreds of OCPs from enhancers to promoters is identified as a crucial feature in the specific transcriptional activation of genes involved in the adaptation of cancer cells to genotoxic stress. The OCTF nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) is found to be a key response regulator in O-GlcNAc-modulated cellular homeostasis. These results provide a valuable clue suggesting that OCPs act as stress sensors by regulating the expression of various genes to protect cancer cells from genotoxic stress. Protein O-GlcNAcylation is involved in regulating gene expression and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Here, the authors develop a chemical reporter-based strategy for the proteomic profiling and genome-wide mapping of genotoxic stress-induced O-GlcNAcylated chromatin-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Keren Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongyi Dou
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xinya Hao
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xueqin Xie
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
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28
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Lee SJ, Kwon OS. O-GlcNAc Transferase Inhibitor Synergistically Enhances Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113154. [PMID: 33121131 PMCID: PMC7693581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We found that the combination treatment of doxorubicin (DOX) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor OSMI-1 has synergic therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of liver cancer. Our data show that DOX displayed cytotoxicity via the activation of p53 and the inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway, while OSMI-1 evoked the ER stress response and inhibited NF-κB signaling. Therefore, DOX in combination with the OSMI-1 group showed a 20-fold reduction of tumor formation, whereas the DOX alone group reduced by 1.8-fold compared with control in a HepG2 cell xenograft model. Abstract The combination of chemotherapy with chemosensitizing agents is a common approach to enhance anticancer activity while reducing the dose-dependent adverse side effects of cancer treatment. Herein, we investigated doxorubicin (DOX) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor OSMI-1 combination treatment, which significantly enhanced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) as a result of synergistic drug action in disparate stress signaling pathways. Treatment with a low dose of DOX or a suboptimal dose of OSMI-1 alone did not induce apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. However, the combination of DOX with OSMI-1 in HepG2 cells synergistically increased apoptotic cell death through the activation of both the p53 and mitochondrial Bcl2 pathways compared to DOX alone. We also demonstrated that the combination of DOX and OSMI-1 stimulated cell death, dramatically reducing cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo using a HepG2 xenograft mouse model. These findings indicate that OSMI-1 acts as a potential chemosensitizer by enhancing DOX-induced cell death. This study provides insight into a possible mechanism of chemotherapy resistance, identifies potential novel drug targets, and suggests that OGT inhibition could be utilized in clinical applications to treat hepatocellular carcinoma as well as other cancer types.
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29
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Lafont F, Fleury F, Benhelli-Mokrani H. DNA-PKcs Ser2056 auto-phosphorylation is affected by an O-GlcNAcylation/phosphorylation interplay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129705. [PMID: 32805318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA dependent Protein Kinase (DNA-PK) is an heterotrimeric complex regulating the Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) double strand break (DSB) repair pathway. The activity of its catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is regulated by multiple phosphorylations, like the Ser2056 one that impacts DSB end processing and telomeres integrity. O-GlcNAcylation is a post translational modification (PTM) closely related to phosphorylation and its implication in the modulation of DNA-PKcs activity during the DNA Damage Response (DDR) is unknown. METHODS Using IP techniques, and HeLa cell line, we evaluated the effect of pharmacological or siOGT mediated O-GlcNAc level modulation on DNA-PKcs O-GlcNAcylation. We used the RPA32 phosphorylation as a DNA-PKcs activity reporter substrate to evaluate the effect of O-GlcNAc modulators. RESULTS We show here that human DNA-PKcs is an O-GlcNAc modified protein and that this new PTM is responsive to the cell O-GlcNAcylation level modulation. Our findings reveal that DNA-PKcs hypo O-GlcNAcylation affects its kinase activity and that the bleomycin-induced Ser2056 phosphorylation, is modulated by DNA-PKcs O-GlcNAcylation. CONCLUSIONS DNA-PKcs Ser2056 phosphorylation is antagonistically linked to DNA-PKcs O-GlcNAcylation level modulation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Given the essential role of DNA-PKcs Ser2056 phosphorylation in the DDR, this study brings data about the role of cell O-GlcNAc level on genome integrity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lafont
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, UFIP, UMR 6286, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Fleury
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, UFIP, UMR 6286, 44000 Nantes, France
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30
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Chatham JC, Zhang J, Wende AR. Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:427-493. [PMID: 32730113 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O-linkage overturned the widely held assumption that glycosylation only occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory pathways. In contrast to traditional glycosylation, the O-GlcNAc modification does not lead to complex, branched glycan structures and is rapidly cycled on and off proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including signaling, protein localization and stability, transcription, chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. Dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will outline our current understanding of the processes involved in regulating O-GlcNAc turnover, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cellular physiology, and how dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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31
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Abstract
Glycosylation refers to the covalent attachment of sugar residues to a protein or lipid, and the biological importance of this modification has been widely recognized. While glycosylation in mammals is being extensively investigated, lower level animals such as invertebrates have not been adequately interrogated for their glycosylation. The rich diversity of invertebrate species, the increased database of sequenced invertebrate genomes and the time and cost efficiency of raising and experimenting on these species have enabled a handful of the species to become excellent model organisms, which have been successfully used as tools for probing various biologically interesting problems. Investigation on invertebrate glycosylation, especially on model organisms, not only expands the structural and functional knowledgebase, but also can facilitate deeper understanding on the biological functions of glycosylation in higher organisms. Here, we reviewed the research advances in invertebrate glycosylation, including N- and O-glycosylation, glycosphingolipids and glycosaminoglycans. The aspects of glycan biosynthesis, structures and functions are discussed, with a focus on the model organisms Drosophila and Caenorhabditis. Analytical strategies for the glycans and glycoconjugates are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , People's Republic of China.,2 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Chen
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , People's Republic of China
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32
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Frame AA, Puleo F, Kim K, Walsh KR, Faudoa E, Hoover RS, Wainford RD. Sympathetic regulation of NCC in norepinephrine-evoked salt-sensitive hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1623-F1636. [PMID: 31608673 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00264.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is characterized by inappropriate sympathoexcitation and renal Na+ reabsorption during high salt intake. In salt-resistant animal models, exogenous norepinephrine (NE) infusion promotes salt-sensitive hypertension and prevents dietary Na+-evoked suppression of the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC). Studies of the adrenergic signaling pathways that modulate NCC activity during NE infusion have yielded conflicting results implicating α1- and/or β-adrenoceptors and a downstream kinase network that phosphorylates and activates NCC, including with no lysine kinases (WNKs), STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), and oxidative stress response 1 (OxSR1). In the present study, we used selective adrenoceptor antagonism in NE-infused male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the differential roles of α1- and β-adrenoceptors in sympathetically mediated NCC regulation. NE infusion evoked salt-sensitive hypertension and prevented dietary Na+-evoked suppression of NCC mRNA, protein expression, phosphorylation, and in vivo activity. Impaired NCC suppression during high salt intake in NE-infused rats was paralleled by impaired suppression of WNK1 and OxSR1 expression and SPAK/OxSR1 phosphorylation and a failure to increase WNK4 expression. Antagonism of α1-adrenoceptors before high salt intake or after the establishment of salt-sensitive hypertension restored dietary Na+-evoked suppression of NCC, resulted in downregulation of WNK4, SPAK, and OxSR1, and abolished the salt-sensitive component of hypertension. In contrast, β-adrenoceptor antagonism attenuated NE-evoked hypertension independently of dietary Na+ intake and did not restore high salt-evoked suppression of NCC. These findings suggest that a selective, reversible, α1-adenoceptor-gated WNK/SPAK/OxSR1 NE-activated signaling pathway prevents dietary Na+-evoked NCC suppression, promoting the development and maintenance of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Frame
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Franco Puleo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn R Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Faudoa
- College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Akella NM, Ciraku L, Reginato MJ. Fueling the fire: emerging role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in cancer. BMC Biol 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31272438 PMCID: PMC6610925 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism and deregulated cellular energetics are now considered a hallmark of all cancers. Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The HBP culminates in the production of an amino sugar uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) that, along with other charged nucleotide sugars, serves as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. These nutrient-driven post-translational modifications are highly altered in cancer and regulate protein functions in various cancer-associated processes. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the mechanistic relationship between the HBP and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Akella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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34
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Liang H, Xu L, Gao A, Shao Y, Yang S, Jiang Z, Ma W, Zhu S, Lin T, Zhang X. Upregulated protein O-GlcNAcylation promoted functional and structural recovery of the contused spinal cord injury in rats by Thiamet-G treatment. Neurol Res 2019; 41:780-790. [PMID: 31092134 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1611202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives-Elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation could benefit cell survival and promote organ functional recovery. Thiamet-G (O-GlcNAcase inhibitor) could upregulate protein O-GlcNAcylation level to improve dyskinesia in models of neurodegenerative diseases without any obvious detrimental side-effects. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of protein O-GlcNAcylation upregulation by Thiamet-G on the spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods-We randomly assigned 74 rats to three groups: sham-operated group (Sham) with no lesion (n = 22), injured control group (SCI+SS) with saline solution (n = 26), and Thiamet-G treated group (SCI+Thiamet-G) (n = 26). We assessed Locomotor behavior using the Basso, Beattice, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale and evaluated histopathological alterations by morphometry and histochemistry. We also assessed potential inflammatory effects by microglia/macrophages immunohistochemistry, and potential apoptosis effects by caspase-3 western blot. Results-Thiamet-G treatment improved hindlimb motor functional recovery by inducing elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation, and mitigated the severity, reduced the lesion size and promoted the structural recovery of the injured spinal cord. Thiamet-G treatment also inhibited microglia/macrophages infiltration at the injury sites and the caspase-3 mediated apoptosis pathway. Discussion-We conclude that Thiamet-G induced elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation to ameliorate acute SCI, which could provide a potential novel therapeutic approach for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Aili Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zibo No.1 Hospital , Zi bo city , Shandong Province , China
| | - Yongxiang Shao
- School of Life Science, The Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin , Sichuan , China
| | - Zhenfeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Shiyi Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Tie Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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Efimova EV, Appelbe OK, Ricco N, Lee SSY, Liu Y, Wolfgeher DJ, Collins TN, Flor AC, Ramamurthy A, Warrington S, Bindokas VP, Kron SJ. O-GlcNAcylation Enhances Double-Strand Break Repair, Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation, and Prevents Therapy-Induced Senescence in Irradiated Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1338-1350. [PMID: 30885991 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming associated with characteristic increases in glucose and glutamine metabolism in advanced cancer is often ascribed to answering a higher demand for metabolic intermediates required for rapid tumor cell growth. Instead, recent discoveries have pointed to an alternative role for glucose and glutamine metabolites as cofactors for chromatin modifiers and other protein posttranslational modification enzymes in cancer cells. Beyond epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression, many chromatin modifiers also modulate DNA repair, raising the question whether cancer metabolic reprogramming may mediate resistance to genotoxic therapy and genomic instability. Our prior work had implicated N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) formation by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and resulting protein O-GlcNAcylation as a common means by which increased glucose and glutamine metabolism can drive double-strand break (DSB) repair and resistance to therapy-induced senescence in cancer cells. We have examined the effects of modulating O-GlcNAcylation on the DNA damage response (DDR) in MCF7 human mammary carcinoma in vitro and in xenograft tumors. Proteomic profiling revealed deregulated DDR pathways in cells with altered O-GlcNAcylation. Promoting protein O-GlcNAc modification by targeting O-GlcNAcase or simply treating animals with GlcNAc protected tumor xenografts against radiation. In turn, suppressing protein O-GlcNAcylation by blocking O-GlcNAc transferase activity led to delayed DSB repair, reduced cell proliferation, and increased cell senescence in vivo. Taken together, these findings confirm critical connections between cancer metabolic reprogramming, DDR, and senescence and provide a rationale to evaluate agents targeting O-GlcNAcylation in patients as a means to restore tumor sensitivity to radiotherapy. IMPLICATIONS: The finding that the HBP, via its impact on protein O-GlcNAcylation, is a key determinant of the DDR in cancer provides a mechanistic link between metabolic reprogramming, genomic instability, and therapeutic response and suggests novel therapeutic approaches for tumor radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Efimova
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Oliver K Appelbe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Natalia Ricco
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steve S-Y Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tamica N Collins
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Amy C Flor
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Aishwarya Ramamurthy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sara Warrington
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vytautas P Bindokas
- Integrated Light Microscopy Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. .,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Ma J, Wang WH, Li Z, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Hart GW. O-GlcNAc Site Mapping by Using a Combination of Chemoenzymatic Labeling, Copper-Free Click Chemistry, Reductive Cleavage, and Electron-Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2620-2625. [PMID: 30657688 PMCID: PMC6756848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a dynamic post-translational modification, O-linked β- N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) modification (i.e., O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins regulates many biological processes involving cellular metabolism and signaling. However, O-GlcNAc site mapping, a prerequisite for site-specific functional characterization, has been a challenge since its discovery. Herein we present a novel method for O-GlcNAc enrichment and site mapping. In this method, the O-GlcNAc moiety on peptides was labeled with UDP-GalNAz followed by copper-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition with a multifunctional reagent bearing a terminal cyclooctyne, a disulfide bridge, and a biotin handle. The tagged peptides were then released from NeutrAvidin beads upon reductant treatment, alkylated with (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and subjected to electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry analysis. After validation by using standard synthetic peptide gCTD and model protein α-crystallin, such an approach was applied to the site mapping of overexpressed TGF-β-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 (TAB2), with four O-GlcNAc sites unambiguously identified. Our method provides a promising tool for the site-specific characterization of O-GlcNAcylation of important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Zengxia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Donald F. Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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38
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Zachara NE. Critical observations that shaped our understanding of the function(s) of intracellular glycosylation (O-GlcNAc). FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3950-3975. [PMID: 30414174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the first descriptions of proteins conjugated to carbohydrates (mucins), several studies suggested that glycoproteins were not restricted to the serum, extracellular matrix, cell surface, or endomembrane system. In the 1980s, key data emerged demonstrating that intracellular proteins were modified by monosaccharides of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Subsequently, this modification was identified on thousands of proteins that regulate cellular processes as diverse as protein aggregation, localization, post-translational modifications, activity, and interactions. In this Review, we will highlight critical discoveries that shaped our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the impact of O-GlcNAc on protein function, the role that O-GlcNAc plays in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate O-GlcNAc-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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39
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O-GlcNAc elevation through activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway enhances cancer cell chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:485. [PMID: 29706631 PMCID: PMC5924752 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance has become a major obstacle to the success of cancer therapy, but the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance are not yet fully understood. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that is regulated by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and has an important role in a wide range of cellular functions. Here we assessed the role of O-GlcNAcylation in chemoresistance and investigated the underlying cellular mechanisms. The results showed that the HBP has an important role in cancer cell chemoresistance by regulating O-GlcNAcylation. An increase in the levels of O-GlcNAcylation indicates an increased resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Acute treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) or camptothecin (CPT) induced O-GlcNAcylation through HBP activation. In fact, the chemotherapy agents activated the AKT/X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) axis and then induced the HBP. Furthermore, the observed elevation of cellular O-GlcNAcylation led to activation of survival signalling pathways and chemoresistance in cancer cells. Finally, suppression of O-GlcNAcylation reduced the resistance of both established and primary cancer cells to chemotherapy. These results provide significant novel insights regarding the important role of the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cancer chemoresistance. Thus, O-GlcNAc inhibition might offer a new strategy for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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40
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Mariappa D, Ferenbach AT, van Aalten DMF. Effects of hypo- O-GlcNAcylation on Drosophila development. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7209-7221. [PMID: 29588363 PMCID: PMC5950000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins with GlcNAc (O-GlcNAcylation) is an essential regulatory mechanism in many cellular processes. In Drosophila, null mutants of the Polycomb gene O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT; also known as super sex combs (sxc)) display homeotic phenotypes. To dissect the requirement for O-GlcNAc signaling in Drosophila development, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate rationally designed sxc catalytically hypomorphic or null point mutants. Of the fertile males derived from embryos injected with the CRISPR/Cas9 reagents, 25% produced progeny carrying precise point mutations with no detectable off-target effects. One of these mutants, the catalytically inactive sxcK872M, was recessive lethal, whereas a second mutant, the hypomorphic sxcH537A, was homozygous viable. We observed that reduced total protein O-GlcNAcylation in the sxcH537A mutant is associated with a wing vein phenotype and temperature-dependent lethality. Genetic interaction between sxcH537A and a null allele of Drosophila host cell factor (dHcf), encoding an extensively O-GlcNAcylated transcriptional coactivator, resulted in abnormal scutellar bristle numbers. A similar phenotype was also observed in sxcH537A flies lacking a copy of skuld (skd), a Mediator complex gene known to affect scutellar bristle formation. Interestingly, this phenotype was independent of OGT Polycomb function or dHcf downstream targets. In conclusion, the generation of the endogenous OGT hypomorphic mutant sxcH537A enabled us to identify pleiotropic effects of globally reduced protein O-GlcNAc during Drosophila development. The mutants generated and phenotypes observed in this study provide a platform for discovery of OGT substrates that are critical for Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mariappa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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41
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Muter J, Alam MT, Vrljicak P, Barros FSV, Ruane PT, Ewington LJ, Aplin JD, Westwood M, Brosens JJ. The Glycosyltransferase EOGT Regulates Adropin Expression in Decidualizing Human Endometrium. Endocrinology 2018; 159:994-1004. [PMID: 29244071 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In pregnancy, resistance of endometrial decidual cells to stress signals is critical for the integrity of the fetomaternal interface and, by extension, survival of the conceptus. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential posttranslational modification that links glucose sensing to cellular stress resistance. Unexpectedly, decidualization of primary endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) was associated with a 60% reduction in O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)‒modified proteins, reflecting downregulation of the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc to substrates (O-GlcNAc transferase; OGT) but not the enzyme that removes the modification (O-GlcNAcase). Notably, epidermal growth factor domain-specific O-linked GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), an endoplasmic reticulum-specific OGT that modifies a limited number of secreted and membrane proteins, was markedly induced in differentiating EnSCs. Knockdown of EOGT perturbed a network of decidual genes involved in multiple cellular functions. The most downregulated gene upon EOGT knockdown in decidualizing cells was the energy homeostasis-associated gene (ENHO), which encodes adropin, a metabolic hormone involved in energy homeostasis and glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Analysis of midluteal endometrial biopsies revealed an inverse correlation between endometrial EOGT and ENHO expression and body mass index. Taken together, our findings revealed that obesity impairs the EOGT-adropin axis in decidual cells, which in turn points toward a mechanistic link between metabolic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Muter
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad T Alam
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Pavle Vrljicak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Flavio S V Barros
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T Ruane
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren J Ewington
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Westwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Munkley J, Elliott DJ. Hallmarks of glycosylation in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35478-89. [PMID: 27007155 PMCID: PMC5085245 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation plays a fundamental role in key pathological steps of tumour development and progression. Glycans have roles in cancer cell signalling, tumour cell dissociation and invasion, cell-matrix interactions, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune modulation. Aberrant glycosylation is often cited as a ‘hallmark of cancer’ but is notably absent from both the original hallmarks of cancer and from the next generation of emerging hallmarks. This review discusses how glycosylation is clearly an enabling characteristic that is causally associated with the acquisition of all the hallmark capabilities. Rather than aberrant glycosylation being itself a hallmark of cancer, another perspective is that glycans play a role in every recognised cancer hallmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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43
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Very N, Lefebvre T, El Yazidi-Belkoura I. Drug resistance related to aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1380-1402. [PMID: 29416702 PMCID: PMC5787446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Drug resistance of tumour cells remains the main challenge toward curative treatments efficiency. Several epidemiologic studies link emergence and recurrence of this cancer to metabolic disorders. Glycosylation that modifies more than 80% of human proteins is one of the most widepread nutrient-sensitive post-translational modifications. Aberrant glycosylation participates in the development and progression of cancer. Thus, some of these glycan changes like carbohydrate antigen CA 19-9 (sialyl Lewis a, sLea) or those found on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are already used as clinical biomarkers to detect and monitor CRC. The current review highlights emerging evidences accumulated mainly during the last decade that establish the role played by altered glycosylations in CRC drug resistance mechanisms that induce resistance to apoptosis and activation of signaling pathways, alter drug absorption and metabolism, and led to stemness acquisition. Knowledge in this field of investigation could aid to the development of better therapeutic approaches with new predictive biomarkers and targets tied in with adapted diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon Very
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF-UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF-UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF-UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
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44
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Cox NJ, Luo PM, Smith TJ, Bisnett BJ, Soderblom EJ, Boyce M. A Novel Glycoproteomics Workflow Reveals Dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of COPγ1 as a Candidate Regulator of Protein Trafficking. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:606. [PMID: 30459710 PMCID: PMC6232944 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant and essential intracellular form of protein glycosylation in animals and plants. In humans, dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation occurs in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Since its discovery more than 30 years ago, great strides have been made in understanding central aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling, including identifying thousands of its substrates and characterizing the enzymes that govern it. However, while many O-GlcNAcylated proteins have been reported, only a small subset of these change their glycosylation status in response to a typical stimulus or stress. Identifying the functionally important O-GlcNAcylation changes in any given signaling context remains a significant challenge in the field. To address this need, we leveraged chemical biology and quantitative mass spectrometry methods to create a new glycoproteomics workflow for profiling stimulus-dependent changes in O-GlcNAcylated proteins. In proof-of-principle experiments, we used this new workflow to interrogate changes in O-GlcNAc substrates in mammalian protein trafficking pathways. Interestingly, our results revealed dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of COPγ1, an essential component of the coat protein I (COPI) complex that mediates Golgi protein trafficking. Moreover, we detected 11 O-GlcNAc moieties on COPγ1 and found that this modification is reduced by a model secretory stress that halts COPI trafficking. Our results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation may regulate the mammalian COPI system, analogous to its previously reported roles in other protein trafficking pathways. More broadly, our glycoproteomics workflow is applicable to myriad systems and stimuli, empowering future studies of O-GlcNAc in a host of biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Peter M. Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Timothy J. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brittany J. Bisnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael Boyce
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Liu C, Li J. O-GlcNAc: A Sweetheart of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:415. [PMID: 30105004 PMCID: PMC6077185 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition and removal of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to and from the Ser and Thr residues of proteins is an emerging post-translational modification. Unlike phosphorylation, which requires a legion of kinases and phosphatases, O-GlcNAc is catalyzed by the sole enzyme in mammals, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and reversed by the sole enzyme, O-GlcNAcase (OGA). With the advent of new technologies, identification of O-GlcNAcylated proteins, followed by pinpointing the modified residues and understanding the underlying molecular function of the modification has become the very heart of the O-GlcNAc biology. O-GlcNAc plays a multifaceted role during the unperturbed cell cycle, including regulating DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis. When the cell cycle is challenged by DNA damage stresses, O-GlcNAc also protects genome integrity via modifying an array of histones, kinases as well as scaffold proteins. Here we will focus on both cell cycle progression and the DNA damage response, summarize what we have learned about the role of O-GlcNAc in these processes and envision a sweeter research future.
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Cox NJ, Unlu G, Bisnett BJ, Meister TR, Condon BM, Luo PM, Smith TJ, Hanna M, Chhetri A, Soderblom EJ, Audhya A, Knapik EW, Boyce M. Dynamic Glycosylation Governs the Vertebrate COPII Protein Trafficking Pathway. Biochemistry 2017; 57:91-107. [PMID: 29161034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COPII coat complex, which mediates secretory cargo trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum, is a key control point for subcellular protein targeting. Because misdirected proteins cannot function, protein sorting by COPII is critical for establishing and maintaining normal cell and tissue homeostasis. Indeed, mutations in COPII genes cause a range of human pathologies, including cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia (CLSD), which is characterized by collagen trafficking defects, craniofacial abnormalities, and skeletal dysmorphology. Detailed knowledge of the COPII pathway is required to understand its role in normal cell physiology and to devise new treatments for disorders in which it is disrupted. However, little is known about how vertebrates dynamically regulate COPII activity in response to developmental, metabolic, or pathological cues. Several COPII proteins are modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a dynamic form of intracellular protein glycosylation, but the biochemical and functional effects of these modifications remain unclear. Here, we use a combination of chemical, biochemical, cellular, and genetic approaches to demonstrate that site-specific O-GlcNAcylation of COPII proteins mediates their protein-protein interactions and modulates cargo secretion. In particular, we show that individual O-GlcNAcylation sites of SEC23A, an essential COPII component, are required for its function in human cells and vertebrate development, because mutation of these sites impairs SEC23A-dependent in vivo collagen trafficking and skeletogenesis in a zebrafish model of CLSD. Our results indicate that O-GlcNAc is a conserved and critical regulatory modification in the vertebrate COPII-dependent trafficking pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gokhan Unlu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Hanna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Erik J Soderblom
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Detection of O-Linked-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification and Its Associated Enzymes in Human Degenerated Intervertebral Discs. Asian Spine J 2017; 11:863-869. [PMID: 29279740 PMCID: PMC5738306 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2017.11.6.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Human herniated discs were obtained from discectomy specimens for the immunohistochemical detection of O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAcase (OGA)/O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Purpose This study aimed to quantify the extent of O-GlcNAcylation and its associated enzymes (OGT/OGA) in human degenerated intervertebral discs. Overview of Literature The O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins as well as the effects of such post-translational modifications are currently the focus of extensive research. O-GlcNAcylation is believed to contribute to the etiology of chronic illnesses by acting as a nutrient and stress sensor in the cellular environment. Mature intervertebral disc cells are chondrocyte-like cells, and O-GlcNAc has been shown to promote chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro. We believe that O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of disc degeneration. Methods Fifty-six specimens were fixed for 24 hours in a 10% solution of neutral-buffered formaldehyde, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. Tissue slices (4-µm-thick) were used for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that O-GlcNAcylation of cytoplasmic proteins was less than that of nuclear proteins in both single cells and cell clusters. Cytoplasmic O-GlcNAcylation occurs subsequent to nuclear O-GlcNAcylation and is directly proportional to disc degeneration. OGT and O-GlcNAc expression levels were identical in all specimens examined. Conclusions O-GlcNAc and OGA/OGT expression is shown to correlate for the first time with intervertebral disc cell degeneration. Increasing disc degeneration is associated with increasing O-GlcNAcylation in both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in human disc cells.
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Ma X, Liu H, Li J, Wang Y, Ding YH, Shen H, Yang Y, Sun C, Huang M, Tu Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Dong MQ, Xu P, Tang TS, Guo C. Polη O-GlcNAcylation governs genome integrity during translesion DNA synthesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1941. [PMID: 29208956 PMCID: PMC5717138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase η (Polη) facilitates translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) across ultraviolet (UV) irradiation- and cisplatin-induced DNA lesions implicated in skin carcinogenesis and chemoresistant phenotype formation, respectively. However, whether post-translational modifications of Polη are involved in these processes remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that human Polη undergoes O-GlcNAcylation at threonine 457 by O-GlcNAc transferase upon DNA damage. Abrogation of this modification results in a reduced level of CRL4CDT2-dependent Polη polyubiquitination at lysine 462, a delayed p97-dependent removal of Polη from replication forks, and significantly enhanced UV-induced mutagenesis even though Polη focus formation and its efficacy to bypass across cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers after UV irradiation are not affected. Furthermore, the O-GlcNAc-deficient T457A mutation impairs TLS to bypass across cisplatin-induced lesions, causing increased cellular sensitivity to cisplatin. Our findings demonstrate a novel role of Polη O-GlcNAcylation in TLS regulation and genome stability maintenance and establish a new rationale to improve chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue-He Ding
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongyan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yeran Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenyi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Tarbet HJ, Toleman CA, Boyce M. A Sweet Embrace: Control of Protein-Protein Interactions by O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine. Biochemistry 2017; 57:13-21. [PMID: 29099585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) of thousands of intracellular proteins. Reversible O-GlcNAcylation governs many aspects of cell physiology and is dysregulated in numerous human diseases. Despite this broad pathophysiological significance, major aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling remain poorly understood, including the biochemical mechanisms through which O-GlcNAc transduces information. Recent work from many laboratories, including our own, has revealed that O-GlcNAc, like other intracellular PTMs, can control its substrates' functions by inhibiting or inducing protein-protein interactions. This dynamic regulation of multiprotein complexes exerts diverse downstream signaling effects in a range of processes, cell types, and organisms. Here, we review the literature about O-GlcNAc-regulated protein-protein interactions and suggest important questions for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Tarbet
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Clifford A Toleman
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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50
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You X, Qin H, Ye M. Recent advances in methods for the analysis of protein o-glycosylation at proteome level. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:248-261. [PMID: 28988430 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation, which refers to the glycosylation of the hydroxyl group of side chains of Serine/Threonine/Tyrosine residues, is one of the most common post-translational modifications. Compared with N-linked glycosylation, O-glycosylation is less explored because of its complex structure and relatively low abundance. Recently, O-glycosylation has drawn more and more attention for its various functions in many sophisticated biological processes. To obtain a deep understanding of O-glycosylation, many efforts have been devoted to develop effective strategies to analyze the two most abundant types of O-glycosylation, i.e. O-N-acetylgalactosamine and O-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation. In this review, we summarize the proteomics workflows to analyze these two types of O-glycosylation. For the large-scale analysis of mucin-type glycosylation, the glycan simplification strategies including the ''SimpleCell'' technology were introduced. A variety of enrichment methods including lectin affinity chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, hydrazide chemistry, and chemoenzymatic method were introduced for the proteomics analysis of O-N-acetylgalactosamine and O-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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