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Post A, Bollenbach A, Bakker SJL, Tsikas D. Whole-body arginine dimethylation is associated with all-cause mortality in adult renal transplant recipients. Amino Acids 2021; 53:541-554. [PMID: 33651245 PMCID: PMC8107162 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arginine residues in proteins can be singly or doubly methylated post-translationally. Proteolysis of arginine-methylated proteins provides monomethyl arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). ADMA and SDMA are considered cardiovascular risk factors, with the underlying mechanisms being not yet fully understood. SDMA lacks appreciable metabolism and is almost completely eliminated by the kidney, whereas ADMA is extensively metabolized to dimethylamine (DMA), with a minor ADMA fraction of about 10% being excreted unchanged in the urine. Urinary DMA and ADMA are useful measures of whole-body asymmetric arginine-dimethylation, while urinary SDMA serves as a whole-body measure of symmetric arginine-dimethylation. In renal transplant recipients (RTR), we previously found that higher plasma ADMA concentrations and lower urinary ADMA and SDMA concentrations were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Yet, in this RTR collective, no data were available for urinary DMA. For the present study, we additionally measured the excretion rate of DMA in 24-h collected urine samples of the RTR and of healthy kidney donors in the cohort, with the aim to quantitate whole-body asymmetric (ADMA, DMA) and symmetric (SDMA) arginine-dimethylation. We found that lower DMA excretion rates were associated with higher all-cause mortality, yet not with cardiovascular mortality. In the healthy donors, kidney donation was associated with considerable decreases in ADMA (by - 39%, P < 0.0001) and SDMA (by - 21%, P < 0.0001) excretion rates, yet there was no significant change in DMA (by - 9%, P = 0.226) excretion rate. Our results suggest that protein-arginine dimethylation is altered in RTR compared to healthy kidney donors and that it is pronouncedly shifted from symmetric to asymmetric arginine-dimethylation, with whole-body protein-arginine dimethylation being almost unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Bollenbach
- Core Unit Proteomics, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Core Unit Proteomics, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Samuel SF, Barry A, Greenman J, Beltran-Alvarez P. Arginine methylation: the promise of a 'silver bullet' for brain tumours? Amino Acids 2021; 53:489-506. [PMID: 33404912 PMCID: PMC8107164 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research efforts, our pharmaceutical repertoire against high-grade brain tumours has not been able to increase patient survival for a decade and life expectancy remains at less than 16 months after diagnosis, on average. Inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been developed and investigated over the past 15 years and have now entered oncology clinical trials, including for brain tumours. This review collates recent advances in the understanding of the role of PRMTs and arginine methylation in brain tumours. We provide an up-to-date literature review on the mechanisms for PRMT regulation. These include endogenous modulators such as alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications and PRMT-protein interactions, and synthetic inhibitors. We discuss the relevance of PRMTs in brain tumours with a particular focus on PRMT1, -2, -5 and -8. Finally, we include a future perspective where we discuss possible routes for further research on arginine methylation and on the use of PRMT inhibitors in the context of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Barry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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3
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Steinberg C, Pilote S, Philippon F, Laksman ZW, Champagne J, Simard C, Krahn AD, Drolet B. SCN5A-C683R exhibits combined gain-of-function and loss-of-function properties related to adrenaline-triggered ventricular arrhythmia. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:683-699. [PMID: 33480457 DOI: 10.1113/ep089088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the role of SCN5A-C683R? SCN5A-C683R is a novel variant associated with an uncommon phenotype of adrenaline-triggered ventricular arrhythmia in the absence of a distinct ECG phenotype. What is the main finding and its importance? Functional studies demonstrated that NaV 1.5/C683R results in a mixed electrophysiological phenotype with gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) properties compared with NaV 1.5/wild type. Gain-of-function properties are characterized by a significant increase of the maximal current density and a hyperpolarizing shift of the steady-state activation. The LOF effect of NaV 1.5/C683R is characterized by increased closed-state inactivation. Electrophysiological properties and clinical manifestation of SCN5A-C683R are different from long-QT-3 or Brugada syndrome and might represent a distinct inherited arrhythmia syndrome. ABSTRACT Mutations of SCN5Ahave been identified as the genetic substrate of various inherited arrhythmia syndromes, including long-QT-3 and Brugada syndrome. We recently identified a novel SCN5A variant (C683R) in two genetically unrelated families. The index patients of both families experienced adrenaline-triggered ventricular arrhythmia with cardiac arrest but did not show a specific ECG phenotype, raising the hypothesis that SCN5A-C683R might be a susceptibility variant and the genetic substrate of distinct inherited arrhythmia. We conducted functional cellular studies to characterize the electrophysiological properties of NaV 1.5/C683R in order to explore the potential pathogenicity of this novel variant. The C683R variant was engineered by site-directed mutagenesis. NaV 1.5/wild type (WT) and NaV 1.5/C683R were expressed in tsA201 cells. Electrophysiological characterization of C683R was performed using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Adrenergic stimulation was mimicked by exposure to the protein kinase A activator 8-CPT-cAMP. The impact of β-blockers was tested by exposing NaV 1.5/WT and NaV 1.5/C683R currents to propranolol and nadolol. C683R resulted in a co-association of gain-of-function and loss-of-function properties of NaV 1.5. Gain-of-function properties were characterized by a significant increase of the maximal NaV 1.5 current density compared with NaV 1.5/WT (861 ± 309 vs. 627 ± 489 pA/pF; P < 0.05, n ≥ 9) that was potentiated in NaV 1.5/C683R with 8-CPT-cAMP stimulation (869 ± 287 vs. 607 ± 320 pA/pF; P < 0.05, n ≥ 12). C683R also resulted in a significant hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage of steady-state activation (-65.4 ± 3.0 vs. -57.2 ± 4.8 mV; P < 0.001), resulting in an increased window current compared with WT. The loss-of-function effect of NaV 1.5/C683R was characterized by significantly increased closed-state inactivation compared with NaV 1.5/WT (P < 0.05). C683R is a novel SCN5A variant resulting in a co-association of gain-of-function and loss-of-function properties of the cardiac sodium channel NaV 1.5. The phenotype is characterized by adrenaline-triggered ventricular arrhythmias. Electrophysiological properties and clinical manifestations are different from long-QT-3 or Brugada syndrome and might represent a distinct inherited arrhythmia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinberg
- Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Service, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, IUCPQ-UL), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,IUCPQ-UL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Pilote
- IUCPQ-UL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Philippon
- Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Service, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, IUCPQ-UL), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,IUCPQ-UL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary W Laksman
- Heart Rhythm Services, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean Champagne
- Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Service, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, IUCPQ-UL), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,IUCPQ-UL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Chantale Simard
- IUCPQ-UL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Heart Rhythm Services, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benoît Drolet
- IUCPQ-UL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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4
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Dong C, Wang Y, Ma A, Wang T. Life Cycle of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.5. Front Physiol 2020; 11:609733. [PMID: 33391024 PMCID: PMC7773603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, encoded by SCN5A, is crucial for the upstroke of action potential and excitation of cardiomyocytes. NaV1.5 undergoes complex processes before it reaches the target membrane microdomains and performs normal functions. A variety of protein partners are needed to achieve the balance between SCN5A transcription and mRNA decay, endoplasmic reticulum retention and export, Golgi apparatus retention and export, selective anchoring and degradation, activation, and inactivation of sodium currents. Subtle alterations can impair NaV1.5 in terms of expression or function, eventually leading to NaV1.5-associated diseases such as lethal arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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5
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Brinkmann F, Hanusch B, Ballmann M, Mayorandan S, Bollenbach A, Chobanyan-Jürgens K, Jansen K, Schmidt-Choudhury A, Derichs N, Tsikas D, Lücke T. Activated L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis and Its Association with Pancreatic Insufficiency, Liver Involvement and Nourishment: An Overview and New Results. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9062012. [PMID: 32604946 PMCID: PMC7356307 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9062012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a chloride channel defect, resulting in lung disease, pancreas insufficiency and liver impairment. Altered L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) metabolism has been observed in CF patients’ lungs and in connection with malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of the Arg/NO pathway in the plasma and urine of CF patients and to identify possible risk factors, especially associated with malnutrition. We measured the major NO metabolites nitrite and nitrate, Arg, a semi-essential amino acid and NO precursor, the NO synthesis inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and its major urinary metabolite dimethylamine (DMA) in plasma and urine samples of 70 pediatric CF patients and 78 age-matched healthy controls. Biomarkers were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. We observed higher plasma Arg (90.3 vs. 75.6 µM, p < 0.0001), ADMA (0.62 vs. 0.57 µM, p = 0.03), Arg/ADMA ratio (148 vs. 135, p = 0.01), nitrite (2.07 vs. 1.95 µM, p = 0.03) and nitrate (43.3 vs. 33.1 µM, p < 0.001) concentrations, as well as higher urinary DMA (57.9 vs. 40.7 µM/mM creatinine, p < 0.001) and nitrate (159 vs. 115 µM/mM creatinine, p = 0.001) excretion rates in the CF patients compared to healthy controls. CF patients with pancreatic sufficiency showed plasma concentrations of the biomarkers comparable to those of healthy controls. Malnourished CF patients had lower Arg/ADMA ratios (p = 0.02), indicating a higher NO synthesis capacity in sufficiently nourished CF patients. We conclude that NO production, protein-arginine dimethylation, and ADMA metabolism is increased in pediatric CF patients. Pancreas and liver function influence Arg/NO metabolism. Good nutritional status is associated with higher NO synthesis capacity and lower protein-arginine dimethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folke Brinkmann
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
| | - Beatrice Hanusch
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-5092615
| | - Manfred Ballmann
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
- Paediatric Clinic, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebene Mayorandan
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (S.M.); (K.C.-J.); (N.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University Clinic Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Kristine Chobanyan-Jürgens
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (S.M.); (K.C.-J.); (N.D.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, Metabolism, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Clinical-Pharmacological Trial Center (paedKliPS), Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jansen
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
| | - Anjona Schmidt-Choudhury
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
| | - Nico Derichs
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (S.M.); (K.C.-J.); (N.D.)
- KinderPneumologieDerichs, Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, CFTR & Pulmonary Research Center, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Thomas Lücke
- University Children’s Hospital, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (F.B.); (M.B.); (K.J.); (A.S.-C.); (T.L.)
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6
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Khoo KK, Galleano I, Gasparri F, Wieneke R, Harms H, Poulsen MH, Chua HC, Wulf M, Tampé R, Pless SA. Chemical modification of proteins by insertion of synthetic peptides using tandem protein trans-splicing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2284. [PMID: 32385250 PMCID: PMC7210297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of proteins by chemical modification is a powerful way to decipher their function. However, most ribosome-dependent and semi-synthetic methods have limitations in the number and type of modifications that can be introduced, especially in live cells. Here, we present an approach to incorporate single or multiple post-translational modifications or non-canonical amino acids into proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells. We insert synthetic peptides into GFP, NaV1.5 and P2X2 receptors via tandem protein trans-splicing using two orthogonal split intein pairs and validate our approach by investigating protein function. We anticipate the approach will overcome some drawbacks of existing protein enigineering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Khoo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Galleano
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Gasparri
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Wieneke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - H Harms
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M H Poulsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H C Chua
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Wulf
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - S A Pless
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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An Ethnic Comparison of Arginine Dimethylation and Cardiometabolic Factors in Healthy Black and White Youth: The ASOS and African-PREDICT Studies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030844. [PMID: 32244968 PMCID: PMC7141317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinic arginine dimethylation (PADiMe) is a major post-translational modification. Proteolysis of asymmetric and symmetric PADiMe products releases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), respectively, two endogenous atherogenic substances. SDMA, ADMA, and its major metabolite dimethylamine (DMA) are eliminated by the kidney. The urinary concentrations of DMA+ADMA, SDMA, and DMA+ADMA+SDMA are useful measures of the whole-body asymmetric and symmetric PADiMe, respectively. Urinary (DMA+ADMA)/SDMA is an index of the asymmetric to symmetric PADiMe balance. In two bi-ethnic studies, the ASOS (39 black boys, 41 white boys) and the African-PREDICT (292 black young men, 281 white young men) studies, we investigated whether ethnicity is a major determinant of PADiMe, and whether PADiMe is associated with blood pressure and ethnicity-dependent growth and inflammatory factors, including HDL. DMA, ADMA, and SDMA were measured in spot urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their excretion was corrected for creatinine excretion. In black boys, creatinine-corrected DMA, DMA+ADMA, and DMA+ADMA+SDMA concentrations were lower by 11.7%, 9.5%, and 7.6% (all p < 0.05), respectively, compared to the white boys, and 3.4%, 2.0%, and 1.8% lower (all p < 0.05), respectively, in black compared to white men. (DMA+ADMA)/SDMA did not differ between black boys and black men, but was higher in white boys compared to white men. ADMA did not differ between black and white boys, or between black and white men. Creatinine-corrected SDMA excretion was lower in black boys compared to white boys (by 8%) and to white men (by 3.1%). None of the PADiMe indices were associated with blood pressure in either study. IGF-binding protein 3 correlated inversely with all PADiMe indices in the black men only. Our study showed that asymmetric proteinic arginine dimethylation is higher in white boys than in black boys, and that this difference disappears in adulthood. ADMA metabolism and SDMA excretion were lower in the black subjects compared to the white subjects, suggesting ethnicity-dependent hepatic and renal elimination of ADMA and SDMA in the childhood. The results of our study may have clinical relevance beyond atherosclerosis, such as in growth and inflammation, which have not been sufficiently addressed thus far.
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8
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Bollenbach A, Gambaryan S, Mindukshev I, Pich A, Tsikas D. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS pilot studies on the guanidine (N G)-dimethylation in native, asymmetrically and symmetrically N G-dimethylated arginine-vasopressin peptides and proteins in human red blood cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1141:122024. [PMID: 32062367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein-arginine methyltransferases catalyze the methylation of the guanidine (NG) group of proteinic L-arginine (Arg) to produce monomethyl and dimethylarginine proteins. Their proteolysis releases the free amino acids monomethylarginine (MMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), respectively. MMA, SDMA and ADMA are inhibitors of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. High circulating and low urinary concentrations of ADMA and SDMA are considered risk factors in the cardiovascular and renal systems, mainly due to their inhibitory action on NOS activity. Identity, biological activity and concentration of NG-methylated proteins are largely unknown. The present study addressed these issues by using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS approaches. GC-MS was used to quantify free ADMA released by classical HCl-catalyzed hydrolysis of three synthetic Arg-vasopressin (V) peptides and of unknown endogenous NG-dimethylated proteins. The cyclic (c) disulfide forms of Arg-vasopressin analogs, i.e., Arg-vasopressin (cV-Arg-Gly-NH2), asymmetrically NG-dimethylated vasopressin (cV-ADMA-Gly-NH2) and symmetrically NG-dimethylated vasopressin (cV-SDMA-Gly-NH2) were used as model peptides in quantitative GC-MS analyses of ADMA, SDMA and other expected amino acids from the hydrolyzed Arg-vasopressin analogs. cV-ADMA-Gly-NH2 and cV-SDMA-Gly-NH2 were discriminated from cV-Arg-Gly-NH2 by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, yet they were indistinguishable from each other. The same applies to the respective open (o) reduced and di-S-acetamide forms of oV-ADMA-Gly-NH2, oV-SDMA-Gly-NH2 and oV-Arg-Gly-NH2. Our LC-MS and LC-MS/MS studies suggest that the Arg-vasopressin analogs form [(M-H)]+ and [(M-H)+H]+ in the positive ESI mode and undergo in part conversion of their terminal Gly-NH2 (NH2, 16 Da) group to Gly-OH (OH, 17 Da). The product ion mass spectra of the di-S-acetamide forms are complex and contain several intense mass fragments differing by 1 Da. cV-ADMA-Gly-NH2 and cV-SDMA-Gly-NH2 induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich human plasma with moderately different initial velocity and maximal aggregation rates compared to cV-Arg-Gly-NH2. Previous studies showed that human red blood cells are rich in large (>50 kDa) ADMA-containing proteins of unknown identity. Our LC-MS/MS proteomic study identified several membrane and cytosolic erythrocytic NG-dimethylated proteins, including spectrin-α (280 kDa), spectrin-β (247 kDa) and protein 4.1 (80 kDa). Being responsible for the stability of the erythrocyte membrane, the newly identified main targets for NG-dimethylation in human erythrocytes should be given a closer look in erythrocytic diseases like hereditary spherocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Igor Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Bollenbach A, Tsikas D, Lenzen S, Jörns A. Asymmetric dimethylation and citrullination in the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat, an animal model of human type 1 diabetes, and effects of anti-TCR/anti-TNF-α antibody-based therapy. Amino Acids 2019; 52:103-110. [PMID: 31832896 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The LEW.1AR1-iddm rat is an animal model of human type 1 diabetes (T1D). We determined by GC-MS the extent of asymmetric dimethylation (prADMA) and citrullination (prCit) of L-arginine residues in organ proteins (pr) of normoglycaemic control (ngCo, n = 6), acutely diabetic (acT1D, n = 6), chronically diabetic (chT1D, n = 4), and cured (cuT1D, n = 4) rats after anti-TCR/anti-TNF-α therapy. Pancreatic prCit and prADMA did not differ between the groups but were correlated (r = 0.728, P = 0.0003, n = 20). acT1D rats had lower prCit levels in spleen and kidney than ngCo rats. cuT1D rats had higher prADMA levels than chT1D rats only in the spleen. Combination therapy re-established normoglycaemia and increased prADMA in the spleen without altering pancreatic prADMA and prCit. Western blotting demonstrated the presence of different prADMA pattern, especially an ≈ 50-kDa prADMA in spleen and pancreas, and an ≈ 25-kDa prADMA in the pancreas only, with the kidney showing only a very faint and small prADMA. Besides the changes in the pancreas during different metabolic states, the spleen may play a stronger role for the recognition of metabolic changes in T1D than thought thus far.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Arginine/genetics
- Blood Glucose/genetics
- Citrullination/drug effects
- Citrullination/genetics
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- DNA Methylation/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Male
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Bollenbach A, Huneau JF, Mariotti F, Tsikas D. Asymmetric and Symmetric Protein Arginine Dimethylation: Concept and Postprandial Effects of High-Fat Protein Meals in Healthy Overweight Men. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071463. [PMID: 31252632 PMCID: PMC6683311 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) are risk factors for the cardiovascular and renal systems. There is a paucity of data in humans regarding variations of protein L-arginine (Arg) methylation leading to ADMA and SDMA. In this study, we introduced and used Arg dimethylation indices based on the creatinine-corrected urinary excretion of SDMA and ADMA, and its major metabolite dimethylamine (DMA). The main objective of the present study was to assess whether, and to which extent, a high-fat protein meal (HFM), a classical allostatic load eliciting various adverse effects, may contribute to Arg dimethylation in proteins in humans. Reliable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used to measure the concentration of ADMA, DMA, SDMA, and creatinine in spot urine samples collected before (0 h), and after (2, 4, 6 h) three HFM sessions in 10 healthy overweight individuals. At baseline, urinary ADMA, DMA, and SDMA excretion correlated positively with circulating TNF-α and IL-6. Arg dimethylation indices did not change postprandially. Our study shows that three HFMs do not contribute to Arg dimethylation in proteins. The proposed indices should be useful to determine extent and status of the whole-body Arg dimethylation in proteins in humans under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - François Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Asymmetric dimethylation and citrullination of proteinic arginine and homoarginine synthesis in human Helicobacter pylori infection. Amino Acids 2019; 51:961-971. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Iqbal SM, Lemmens‐Gruber R. Phosphorylation of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel: Potential players with multiple dimensions. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13210. [PMID: 30362642 PMCID: PMC6590314 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are highly coordinated cells with multiple proteins organized in micro domains. Minor changes or interference in subcellular proteins can cause major disturbances in physiology. The cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5) is an important determinant of correct electrical activity in cardiomyocytes which are localized at intercalated discs, T‐tubules and lateral membranes in the form of a macromolecular complex with multiple interacting protein partners. The channel is tightly regulated by post‐translational modifications for smooth conduction and propagation of action potentials. Among regulatory mechanisms, phosphorylation is an enzymatic and reversible process which modulates NaV1.5 channel function by attaching phosphate groups to serine, threonine or tyrosine residues. Phosphorylation of NaV1.5 is implicated in both normal physiological and pathological processes and is carried out by multiple kinases. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent literature about the (a) structure of NaV1.5 channel, (b) formation and subcellular localization of NaV1.5 channel macromolecular complex, (c) post‐translational phosphorylation and regulation of NaV1.5 channel, and (d) how these phosphorylation events of NaV1.5 channel alter the biophysical properties and affect the channel during disease status. We expect, by reviewing these aspects will greatly improve our understanding of NaV1.5 channel biology, physiology and pathology, which will also provide an insight into the mechanism of arrythmogenesis at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid M. Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Drugs Regulatory Authority of Pakistan Telecom Foundation (TF) Complex Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Rosa Lemmens‐Gruber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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13
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Onwuli DO, Samuel SF, Sfyri P, Welham K, Goddard M, Abu-Omar Y, Loubani M, Rivero F, Matsakas A, Benoit DM, Wade M, Greenman J, Beltran-Alvarez P. The inhibitory subunit of cardiac troponin (cTnI) is modified by arginine methylation in the human heart. Int J Cardiol 2019; 282:76-80. [PMID: 30772011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibitory subunit of cardiac troponin (cTnI) is a gold standard cardiac biomarker and also an essential protein in cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction coupling. The interactions of cTnI with other proteins are fine-tuned by post-translational modification of cTnI. Mutations in cTnI can lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we report, for the first time, that cTnI is modified by arginine methylation in human myocardium. Using Western blot, we observed reduced levels of cTnI arginine methylation in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared to dilated cardiomyopathy biopsies. Similarly, using a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy we observed reduced levels of cTnI arginine methylation compared to sham controls. Using mass spectrometry, we identified cTnI methylation sites at R74/R79 and R146/R148 in human cardiac samples. R146 and R148 lie at the boundary between the critical cTnI inhibitory and switch peptides; PRMT1 methylated an extended inhibitory peptide at R146 and R148 in vitro. Mutations at R145 that have been associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hampered R146/R148 methylation by PRMT1 in vitro. H9c2 cardiac-like cells transfected with plasmids encoding for a methylation-deficient R146A/R148A cTnI protein developed cell hypertrophy, with a 32% increase in cell size after 72 h, compared to control cells. DISCUSSION Our results provide evidence for a novel and significant cTnI post-translational modification. Our work opens the door to translational investigations of cTnI arginine methylation as a biomarker of disease, which can include e.g. cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction and heart failure, and offers a novel way to investigate the effect of cTnI mutations in the inhibitory/switch peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatus O Onwuli
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, HU6 7RX Hull, UK
| | | | - Pagona Sfyri
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Kevin Welham
- School of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, HU6 7RX Hull, UK
| | - Martin Goddard
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Yasir Abu-Omar
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Mahmoud Loubani
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Rd, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Francisco Rivero
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - David M Benoit
- School of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, HU6 7RX Hull, UK
| | - Mark Wade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, HU6 7RX Hull, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, HU6 7RX Hull, UK
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14
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Manring HR, Dorn LE, Ex-Willey A, Accornero F, Ackermann MA. At the heart of inter- and intracellular signaling: the intercalated disc. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:961-971. [PMID: 29876873 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper cardiac function requires the synchronous mechanical and electrical coupling of individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc (ID) mediates coupling of neighboring myocytes through intercellular signaling. Intercellular communication is highly regulated via intracellular signaling, and signaling pathways originating from the ID control cardiomyocyte remodeling and function. Herein, we present an overview of the inter- and intracellular signaling that occurs at and originates from the intercalated disc in normal physiology and pathophysiology. This review highlights the importance of the intercalated disc as an integrator of signaling events regulating homeostasis and stress responses in the heart and the center of several pathophysiological processes mediating the development of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Manring
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lisa E Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aidan Ex-Willey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Maegen A Ackermann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are critical determinants of excitability. The properties of VGSCs are thought to be tightly controlled. However, VGSCs are also subjected to extensive modifications. Multiple posttranslational modifications that covalently modify VGSCs in neurons and muscle have been identified. These include, but are not limited to, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, and SUMOylation. Posttranslational modifications of VGSCs can have profound impact on cellular excitability, contributing to normal and abnormal physiology. Despite four decades of research, the complexity of VGSC modulation is still being determined. While some modifications have similar effects on the various VGSC isoforms, others have isoform-specific interactions. In addition, while much has been learned about how individual modifications can impact VGSC function, there is still more to be learned about how different modifications can interact. Here we review what is known about VGSC posttranslational modifications with a focus on the breadth and complexity of the regulatory mechanisms that impact VGSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Pei
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yanling Pan
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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16
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Onwuli DO, Rigau-Roca L, Cawthorne C, Beltran-Alvarez P. Mapping arginine methylation in the human body and cardiac disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 11. [PMID: 27600370 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arginine methylation (ArgMe) is one of the most ubiquitous PTMs, and hundreds of proteins undergo ArgMe in, for example, brain. However, the scope of ArgMe in many tissues, including the heart, is currently underexplored. Here, we aimed to (i) identify proteins undergoing ArgMe in human organs, and (ii) expose the relevance of ArgMe in cardiac disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The publicly available proteomic data is used to search for ArgMe in 13 human tissues. To induce H9c2 cardiac-like cell hypertrophy glucose is used. RESULTS The results show that ArgMe is mainly tissue-specific; nevertheless, the authors suggest an embryonic origin of core ArgMe events. In the heart, 103 mostly novel ArgMe sites in 58 nonhistone proteins are found. The authors provide compelling evidence that cardiac protein ArgMe is relevant to cardiomyocyte ontology, and important for proper cardiac function. This is highlighted by the fact that genetic mutations affecting methylated arginine positions are often associated with cardiac disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The pilot experimental data suggesting significant changes in ArgMe profiles of H9c2 cells upon induction of cell hypertrophy using glucose is provided. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The work calls for in-depth investigation of ArgMe in normal and diseased tissues using methods including clinical proteomics.
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17
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Frolov RV, Weckström M. Harnessing the Flow of Excitation: TRP, Voltage-Gated Na(+), and Voltage-Gated Ca(2+) Channels in Contemporary Medicine. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 103:25-95. [PMID: 26920687 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling in both excitable and nonexcitable cells involves several classes of ion channels. Some of them are of minor importance, with very specialized roles in physiology, but here we concentrate on three major channel classes: TRP (transient receptor potential channels), voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), and voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav). Here, we first propose a conceptual framework binding together all three classes of ion channels, a "flow-of-excitation model" that takes into account the inputs mediated by TRP and other similar channels, the outputs invariably provided by Cav channels, and the regenerative transmission of signals in the neural networks, for which Nav channels are responsible. We use this framework to examine the function, structure, and pharmacology of these channel classes both at cellular and also at whole-body physiological level. Building on that basis we go through the pathologies arising from the direct or indirect malfunction of the channels, utilizing ion channel defects, the channelopathies. The pharmacological interventions affecting these channels are numerous. Part of those are well-established treatments, like treatment of hypertension or some forms of epilepsy, but many other are deeply problematic due to poor drug specificity, ion channel diversity, and widespread expression of the channels in tissues other than those actually targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Frolov
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland.
| | - Matti Weckström
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland
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18
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Onwuli DO, Beltran-Alvarez P. An update on transcriptional and post-translational regulation of brain voltage-gated sodium channels. Amino Acids 2015; 48:641-651. [PMID: 26503606 PMCID: PMC4752963 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential proteins in brain physiology, as they generate the sodium currents that initiate neuronal action potentials. Voltage-gated sodium channels expression, localisation and function are regulated by a range of transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Here, we review our understanding of regulation of brain voltage-gated sodium channels, in particular SCN1A (NaV1.1), SCN2A (NaV1.2), SCN3A (NaV1.3) and SCN8A (NaV1.6), by transcription factors, by alternative splicing, and by post-translational modifications. Our focus is strongly centred on recent research lines, and newly generated knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatus O Onwuli
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hardy Building Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hardy Building Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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19
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Herren AW, Weber DM, Rigor RR, Margulies KB, Phinney BS, Bers DM. CaMKII Phosphorylation of Na(V)1.5: Novel in Vitro Sites Identified by Mass Spectrometry and Reduced S516 Phosphorylation in Human Heart Failure. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2298-311. [PMID: 25815641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Na(V)1.5, drives the upstroke of the cardiac action potential and is a critical determinant of myocyte excitability. Recently, calcium (Ca(2+))/calmodulin(CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as a critical regulator of Na(V)1.5 function through phosphorylation of multiple residues including S516, T594, and S571, and these phosphorylation events may be important for the genesis of acquired arrhythmias, which occur in heart failure. However, phosphorylation of full-length human Na(V)1.5 has not been systematically analyzed and Na(V)1.5 phosphorylation in human heart failure is incompletely understood. In the present study, we used label-free mass spectrometry to assess phosphorylation of human Na(V)1.5 purified from HEK293 cells with full coverage of phosphorylatable sites and identified 23 sites that were phosphorylated by CaMKII in vitro. We confirmed phosphorylation of S516 and S571 by LC-MS/MS and found a decrease in S516 phosphorylation in human heart failure, using a novel phospho-specific antibody. This work furthers our understanding of the phosphorylation of Na(V)1.5 by CaMKII under normal and disease conditions, provides novel CaMKII target sites for functional validation, and provides the first phospho-proteomic map of full-length human Na(V)1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Herren
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darren M Weber
- §UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Robert R Rigor
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- ∥Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brett S Phinney
- §UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Donald M Bers
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
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20
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Regulation of the cardiac Na+ channel NaV1.5 by post-translational modifications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:36-47. [PMID: 25748040 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated Na(+) channel, Na(V)1.5, is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cardiomyocytes and for efficient propagation of the electrical impulse in the myocardium. Even subtle alterations of Na(V)1.5 function, as caused by mutations in its gene SCN5A, may lead to many different arrhythmic phenotypes in carrier patients. In addition, acquired malfunctions of Na(V)1.5 that are secondary to cardiac disorders such as heart failure and cardiomyopathies, may also play significant roles in arrhythmogenesis. While it is clear that the regulation of Na(V)1.5 protein expression and function tightly depends on genetic mechanisms, recent studies have demonstrated that Na(V)1.5 is the target of various post-translational modifications that are pivotal not only in physiological conditions, but also in disease. In this review, we examine the recent literature demonstrating glycosylation, phosphorylation by Protein Kinases A and C, Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-dependent protein Kinase II, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Serum- and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinases, Fyn and Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase, methylation, acetylation, redox modifications, and ubiquitylation of Na(V)1.5. Modern and sensitive mass spectrometry approaches, applied directly to channel proteins that were purified from native cardiac tissues, have enabled the determination of the precise location of post-translational modification sites, thus providing essential information for understanding the mechanistic details of these regulations. The current challenge is first, to understand the roles of these modifications on the expression and the function of Na(V)1.5, and second, to further identify other chemical modifications. It is postulated that the diversity of phenotypes observed with Na(V)1.5-dependent disorders may partially arise from the complex post-translational modifications of channel protein components.
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