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Surace T, Quitadamo C, Caldiroli A, Capuzzi E, Colmegna F, Nosari G, Borroni E, Fedrizzi L, Bollati V, Pesatori AC, Carugno M, Clerici M, Buoli M. Air Pollution and Perinatal Mental Health: A Comprehensive Overview. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093146. [PMID: 37176587 PMCID: PMC10179699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to summarise the available data about the link between air pollution exposure and the new-onset and severity of psychiatric disorders in pregnant women during the perinatal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected articles published until June 2022 on PubMed and the Web of Science. Pollutants included were PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5 micrometres and smaller), PM10 (particulate matter 10 micrometres and smaller), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), O3 (ozone), SO2 (sulphur dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers), PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), lead, and cadmium. The perinatal period was considered as the time of pregnancy until one year after childbirth. RESULTS Nine studies were included; most of them evaluated the association between exposure to air pollutants and the onset of Postpartum Depression (PPD). Two studies showed an association between, respectively, only PM2.5 and both PM2.5 and NO2 exposure and PPD onset 12 months after childbirth, while another study found a significant association between NO2 exposure and PPD occurrence 6 months after childbirth. PBDE blood levels were associated with more severe depressive symptoms. Lastly, one study observed a link between stressful symptoms and exposure to PM2.5, PM10 during pregnancy. CONCLUSION More comprehensive and uniform studies are required to make a roadmap for future interventions, given the growing relevance of issues such pollution and mental health, particularly during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Surace
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cecilia Quitadamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Caldiroli
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Enrico Capuzzi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Colmegna
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Nosari
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borroni
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Fedrizzi
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Kachi Y, Fujiwara T, Inoue A, Baba S, Eguchi H, Ohta H, Tsutsumi A. The effects of pregnancy discrimination on postpartum depressive symptoms: a follow-up study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:825. [PMCID: PMC9641687 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pregnancy discrimination in the workplace is prevalent worldwide. However, few studies have examined the effects of pregnancy discrimination on mothers’ perinatal mental health. We aimed to investigate the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms, and the mediation effects of prenatal depressive symptoms on this association.
Methods
Our sample consisted of 285 Japanese women employed during pregnancy who completed a baseline online survey in May 2020 and a follow-up mail survey two months postpartum. Pregnancy discrimination was defined as exposure to any of 16 forms of disadvantageous treatment or harassment related to pregnancy, prohibited by national guidelines. Prenatal (assessed at baseline) and postpartum (assessed at follow-up) depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were performed overall and stratified by regular (permanent) and non-regular (precarious) employees.
Results
Overall, 23.9% of participants experienced pregnancy discrimination during pregnancy. After adjusting for potential confounders, pregnancy discrimination was significantly associated with postpartum depressive symptoms (coefficient 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–2.88). When stratified by employment type, these effects were observable among non-regular employees (coefficient 2.51, 95% CI 0.45–4.57) but not regular employees. Mediation analysis showed that prenatal depressive symptoms mediated 57.1% (95% CI 20.1–94.1%) of the association between pregnancy discrimination and postpartum depressive symptoms among all participants, with a greater effect among non-regular employees (64.1% [95% CI 18.5–109.8%]).
Conclusions
Pregnancy discrimination has adverse effects on postpartum depressive symptoms, partially through prenatal depressive symptoms, especially among non-regular employees. To prevent perinatal depression in female workers, employers should comply with legislation and take preventive measures against pregnancy discrimination, while considering vulnerable employees.
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Clayborne ZM, Colman I, Kingsbury M, Torvik FA, Gustavson K, Nilsen W. Prenatal work stress is associated with prenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety: Findings from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). J Affect Disord 2022; 298:548-554. [PMID: 34774976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging body of research suggests that stress experienced in the workplace can have detrimental impacts on maternal mental health, including greater risk of postnatal depression. However, few longitudinal studies have examined these associations during the perinatal period. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal work stress and subsequent depression and anxiety. METHODS This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and included 77,999 employed women recruited between 1999 and 2008. The exposure variable was prenatal work stress measured at 17 weeks' gestation, using an 8-item scale examining factors including autonomy, working relationships, and work enjoyment. Outcomes included depression and anxiety at 30 weeks' gestation and 6 months postpartum, measured using the Symptom Checklist-8. Analyses comprised of unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions. RESULTS After covariate adjustment, prenatal work stress was associated with depression and anxiety at 30 weeks' gestation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19-1.49), and 6 months postpartum (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28-1.61). Most associations remained after adjustment for additional work-related variables and maternity leave. LIMITATIONS Work stress was measured once during pregnancy, thus variation of associations by trimester could not be investigated. Findings are reported for a sample with high socioeconomic status, and may not generalize to other populations. CONCLUSIONS Women dealing with work stress during pregnancy are more likely to experience subsequent depression and anxiety. Findings can inform the development of workplace strategies to support the mental health of expecting and new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra M Clayborne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 308D, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 308D, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Mila Kingsbury
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 308D, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Fartein Ask Torvik
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Wendy Nilsen
- Work Research Institute, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
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Sasaki N, Imamura K, Nishi D, Watanabe K, Sekiya Y, Tsuno K, Kobayashi Y, Kawakami N. Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy programme 'Happiness Mom' for well-being: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042167. [PMID: 33637541 PMCID: PMC7919564 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to examine the effects of an internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) programme ('Happiness Mom') on the psychological well-being of working mothers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The target population of the RCT will be employed mothers with at least one preschool child. Participants who fulfil the study's eligibility criteria will be randomly assigned either to an iACT intervention group (n=200) or to a wait-list control group (n=200). Participants in the intervention groups will be asked to complete the programme within 12 weeks of the baseline survey. The intervention programme contains eight modules based on ACT. Primary outcomes are six components of psychological well-being, based on Ryff's theory. Secondary outcomes are intention to leave their job, work engagement, work performance, sick leave days, psychological distress, euthymia, positive emotions, job and life satisfaction, social support and parental burn-out. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for this study has been obtained from the Research Ethics Review Board of Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo (No. 2019134NI). If the intervention programmes are found to be significantly beneficial, the programmes can be made available for all working mothers with preschool children in Japan. DISCUSSION This study will contribute to the development of an internet-based self-care programme that is effective, feasible, low cost and accessible to improve the well-being of working mothers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000039918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuki Sekiya
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Bilgrami A, Sinha K, Cutler H. The impact of introducing a national scheme for paid parental leave on maternal mental health outcomes. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2020; 29:1657-1681. [PMID: 32935432 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paid maternity leave is an essential component of a progressive society. It can enhance postnatal health, improve mother and child wellbeing, and deliver better labor market outcomes for mothers. We evaluate the impact of the introduction of Australia's national Paid Parental Leave (PPL) scheme in 2011 and complementary Dad and Partner Pay (DAPP) in 2013 on maternal mental health. Using a sample of 1480 births to eligible, partnered women between 2004 and 2016 and examining a range of mental health outcomes from the Household, Income, andLabour Dynamics in Australia survey, we find depression likelihood reduced significantly in post-reform years. When focusing on post-DAPP years and women whose partners had concurrent access to DAPP, significant mental health improvements were found across a wider range of measures including the Mental Component Summary score and specific Short Form-36 items with a high sensitivity for detecting major depression. Subgroup analysis suggests significant improvements applied specifically to first-time mothers and mothers with employer-paid maternity leave and unpaid leave entitlements. These results suggest that an increase in PPL and DAPP entitlements for mothers without access to employer-paid and unpaid leave entitlements, particularly those in less secure employment, may further reduce postnatal depression and improve health equity in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Bilgrami
- Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kompal Sinha
- Department of Economics, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry Cutler
- Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
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Karl M, Schaber R, Kress V, Kopp M, Martini J, Weidner K, Garthus-Niegel S. Precarious working conditions and psychosocial work stress act as a risk factor for symptoms of postpartum depression during maternity leave: results from a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1505. [PMID: 33023543 PMCID: PMC7539402 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of Western women work during their reproductive years, but past research has often neglected the influence of work-related factors on postpartum mental health. Especially postpartum depression (PPD) is an enormous psychological burden for mothers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prospective impact of precarious working conditions and psychosocial work stress during pregnancy (such as work-privacy conflict and effort-reward imbalance at the job) on symptoms of maternal PPD. METHODS In the prospective-longitudinal cohort study DREAM (DResdner Studie zu Elternschaft, Arbeit und Mentaler Gesundheit), N = 587 employed women were questioned about their work during pregnancy and their mental health 8 weeks after delivery. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed that work-privacy conflict, low reward at work, and precarious working conditions significantly predicted symptoms of PPD, even when controlling for lifetime depression, anxiety, education, parity, and age. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that psychosocial work stress and precarious working conditions have important implications for maternal peripartum mental health. They might act as prospective risk factors for PPD during the period of maternal leave. Hence, future research should focus on preventative measures targeting work life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Karl
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronja Schaber
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoria Kress
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Kopp
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Schaber R, Karl M, Kopp M, Kress V, Weidner K, Martini J, Garthus-Niegel S. My job, my child, my house: the predictive value of job- and housework-related factors on depressive symptoms during the postpartum period. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:388-397. [PMID: 32553382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many mothers combine two sides of their life: They are both educated employees and family organizers. The aim of this study is to investigate risk and protective factors of depressive symptoms during the postpartum period (PPD symptoms) on both those sides of mothers' life, including education, job-, and housework-related factors. METHODS Data (n = 689) were drawn from the prospective-longitudinal cohort study "Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health" (DREAM). Education, job satisfaction, job burden, and the housework-related factor ministering to family needs (MTFN) were measured during pregnancy. Depressive symptoms were measured 8 weeks postpartum. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS While education was not significantly associated with PPD symptoms, low job satisfaction, high job burden, and low MTFN levels were significant risk factors for PPD symptoms. When controlling for further potential confounders, job satisfaction and job burden remained significant predictors. LIMITATIONS Generalization of findings might be limited due to participation bias and some systematic dropout. CONCLUSIONS Job characteristics should be considered in future research on postpartum mental health. For the prevention of PPD symptoms, it seems important to ensure satisfying and less burdensome working conditions during pregnancy. Additionally, the results indicate that further research on the effects of housework-related factors on PPD symptoms is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Schaber
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marlene Karl
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Kopp
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoria Kress
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Jiao N, Zhu L, Chong YS, Chan WCS, Luo N, Wang W, Hu R, Chan YH, He HG. Web-based versus home-based postnatal psychoeducational interventions for first-time mothers: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 99:103385. [PMID: 31442783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides physical and mental changes from childbirth, first-time mothers are also confronted with challenges associated with the demands of adapting to their roles as new parents. While positive effects of home-based psychoeducation intervention for mothers have been demonstrated, limited studies have developed and examined more accessible and cost-effective web-based psychoeducational interventions for mothers. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of web-based and home-based postnatal psychoeducational interventions for first-time mothers during the early postpartum period. METHODS A randomized controlled three-group pre-test and post-tests experimental design was adopted. Data were collected over five months, from October 2016 to August 2017, in a public tertiary hospital in Singapore from 204 primiparas who were randomly allocated to the web-based psychoeducation group, the home-based psychoeducation group, or the control group. The measured outcomes included maternal parental self-efficacy, social support, psychological well-being, satisfaction with postnatal care, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. Data were collected at four time points: the baseline, and three post-tests at one month, three and six months post-delivery. RESULTS When compared to the control group, the web-based intervention improved self-efficacy at post-test 1 (mean difference = 2.68, p = 0.028) and reduced postnatal depression at post-test 3 (mean difference = -1.82, p = 0.044), while the home-based intervention did not show significant effect on these two outcomes at all post-tests. Both web-based and home-based interventions helped mothers to get better social support at all post-tests than those in the control group. Mothers in both web-based and home-based intervention groups were more satisfied with the postnatal care than those in the control group at all post-test time points (except for web-based group at post-test 1). There were no differences in anxiety scores among the three groups. When compared to the home-based intervention, the web-based intervention showed noninferior effect on all outcomes at all post-tests. CONCLUSION The web-based intervention had better effects on improving self-efficacy, social support, and postnatal depression, which should be introduced to first-time mothers for better postnatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Jiao
- Research Assistant, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Research Fellow, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Senior Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital; Professor, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Wai-Chi Sally Chan
- Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Nan Luo
- Associate Professor, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Wenru Wang
- Associate Professor, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Rongfang Hu
- Professor, School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Senior Biostatistician, Biostatistics Unit, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Associate Professor, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
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Ogbo FA, Ezeh OK, Khanlari S, Naz S, Senanayake P, Ahmed KY, McKenzie A, Ogunsiji O, Agho K, Page A, Ussher J, Perz J, Barnett Am B, Eastwood J. Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Cessation in the Early Postnatal Period among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Australian Mothers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071611. [PMID: 31315204 PMCID: PMC6682964 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited epidemiological data on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian mothers to advocate for targeted and/or culturally-appropriate interventions. This study investigated the determinants of EBF cessation in the early postnatal period among CALD Australian mothers in Sydney, Australia. The study used linked maternal and child health data from two local health districts in Australia (N = 25,407). Prevalence of maternal breastfeeding intention, skin-to-skin contact, EBF at birth, discharge, and the early postnatal period (1-4 weeks postnatal), were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate determinants of EBF cessation in the early postnatal period. Most CALD Australian mothers had the intention to breastfeed (94.7%). Skin-to-skin contact (81.0%), EBF at delivery (91.0%), and at discharge (93.0%) were high. EBF remained high in the early postnatal period (91.4%). A lack of prenatal breastfeeding intention was the strongest determinant of EBF cessation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 23.76, 95% CI: 18.63-30.30, for mothers with no prenatal breastfeeding intention and aOR = 6.15, 95% CI: 4.74-7.98, for those undecided). Other significant determinants of EBF cessation included a lack of partner support, antenatal and postnatal depression, intimate partner violence, low socioeconomic status, caesarean birth, and young maternal age (<20 years). Efforts to improve breastfeeding among women of CALD backgrounds in Australia should focus on women with vulnerabilities to maximise the benefits of EBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.
- General Practice Unit, Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State 972261, Nigeria.
| | - Osita Kingsley Ezeh
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Sarah Khanlari
- Department of Community Paediatrics, Sydney Local Health District, Croydon Community Health Centre, 24 Liverpool Street, Croydon, NSW 2132, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sabrina Naz
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Praween Senanayake
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Kedir Y Ahmed
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Anne McKenzie
- Child and Family Health Nursing, Primary & Community Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia
| | - Olayide Ogunsiji
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Liverpool Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Kingsley Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Jane Ussher
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Janette Perz
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | | | - John Eastwood
- Department of Community Paediatrics, Sydney Local Health District, Croydon Community Health Centre, 24 Liverpool Street, Croydon, NSW 2132, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Public Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Shafiei T, McLachlan HL, Nicholson JM, Hay S, Newton M, Grimes H, McLardie-Hore F, Forster DA. Exploring the effect of the 'Growing Together' parenting education kit on early parenting - study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:39. [PMID: 31234948 PMCID: PMC6591924 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant gaps exist in education for prospective and new parents, especially for some of the most vulnerable families. Prospective parents would like more information during pregnancy to prepare them for parenting, and need access to trusted and quality information. The Royal Women's Hospital (the Women's) in Melbourne, Australia, a large tertiary referral maternity hospital, developed a parenting education kit known as 'Growing Together'. The kit, designed to guide prospective and new parents from conception until 1 year after birth, includes three components: an A4 sized book, a specifically designed 'App' and a children's story book. We aim to evaluate the impact of the kit on a range of outcomes. METHODS A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial will be used. Antenatal clinic days will be randomised to either the intervention or standard care arms. Women in the intervention arm receive the kit at their antenatal booking visit. Women in the standard care arm receive the standard information resources at the Women's. Analyses will be by intention to treat. INCLUSION CRITERIA primiparous women with adequate English-speaking ability and ≤ 30 weeks' gestation at first pregnancy booking appointment. The primary outcome of the study is the 'experience of motherhood questionnaire' (EMQ), a 20 item validated self-report measure, ranging from 0 to 80, with lower scores indicating better maternal health and wellbeing. To detect a 10% difference in new mothers scoring ≤40 between women who have received the kit (60%) and those who have not (50%), would require 408 per group (total of 816 women) with 95% confidence and 80% power. Allowing for loss to follow up, we aim to recruit 1000 mothers. Secondary outcomes include parents' views and experiences of their care and of the kit during pregnancy and after the birth, parental attachment, knowledge, confidence, wellbeing and health-seeking behaviour; and emotional, developmental and physical health of the infant. Survey data will be collected from mothers at 2, 6 and 12 months postpartum and partners at 6 months. DISCUSSION This study will provide much needed high-level evidence on the impact of a comprehensive education resource for new parents. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTRN12615000270516 - Retrospectively registered (23/03/2015); trial started on 16 March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touran Shafiei
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Helen L McLachlan
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah Hay
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Michelle Newton
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Heather Grimes
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Flora Hill, 3055, Australia
| | - Fiona McLardie-Hore
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300 Grattan St & Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Della A Forster
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, George Singer Building, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300 Grattan St & Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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11
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Hollins Martin CJ, Anderson L, Martin CR. A scoping review to determine themes that represent perceptions of self as mother ('ideal mother' vs 'real mother'). J Reprod Infant Psychol 2018; 37:224-241. [PMID: 30554526 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2018.1556786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Postnatal depression (PND) is a key cause of maternal morbidity, with current systems of initial recognition in the UK detecting only 50% of cases. In attempts to predict those potentially at risk, this review suggests a novel approach. Aim: Implementing the concept of 'ideal mother' versus 'real mother', and asking the woman to compare their 'ideal self' against 'existent self', the aim of this instrument development review was to determine themes from the literature that relate to women's perceptions of self as a mother, and from this identification develop questions for inclusion within a proposed new measure entitled the Self-Image as Mother Scale (SIMS). Method: A scoping review of the literature was carried out to identify themes considered to affect perception of self as mother, and from this identification, evidence-based questions for inclusion in the SIMS were developed. Findings: Themes identified included (1) marital dissatisfaction, (2) inadequate partner support, (3) lack of family support, (4) socioeconomic status and associated poverty, (5) concern about infant, (6) antenatal/postnatal complications, (7) acceptance of infant gender, (8) history of mental health problems, (9) unplanned pregnancy. Conclusions: From this scoping review 18 questions were developed for inclusion in the SIMS, which will then be evaluated for psychometric properties, scale refinement and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Hollins Martin
- a Maternal Health, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Care , Edinburgh Napier University (ENU), Sighthill Campus , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Lara Anderson
- b School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Care , Edinburgh Napier University (ENU), Sighthill Campus , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Colin R Martin
- c Perinatal Mental Health , Institute for Clinical and Applied Health Research (ICAHR), University of Hull , Hull , UK
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12
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Clarry L, Carson J. Development and pilot of a positive measure of maternal mental health: The C-MEWS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/johv.2018.6.8.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Clarry
- Graduate, Department of Psychology, University of Bolton
| | - Jerome Carson
- Professor of psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Bolton
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13
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Tsai SY. Relationship of perceived job strain and workplace support to antenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant employees in Taiwan. Women Health 2018; 59:55-67. [DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2018.1434590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ying Tsai
- Department of Health Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Impact of missing data strategies in studies of parental employment and health: Missing items, missing waves, and missing mothers. Soc Sci Med 2018; 209:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Lucia-Casademunt AM, García-Cabrera AM, Padilla-Angulo L, Cuéllar-Molina D. Returning to Work after Childbirth in Europe: Well-Being, Work-Life Balance, and the Interplay of Supervisor Support. Front Psychol 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29467695 PMCID: PMC5808277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents returning to work after the arrival of a new son or daughter is an important question for understanding the trajectory of people's lives and professional careers amid current debates about gender equality and work-life balance (WLB). Interestingly, current research concludes that general WLB practices at the workplace may be necessary in the specific case of women returning to work after childbirth because of the particular maternal and infant factors involved. However, WLB practices as a flexible arrangement may work against women because they may be viewed as a lack of organizational commitment. Therefore, research on this topic could benefit from considering supervisor support as a complement of such practices, but previous research has analyzed WLB and supervisor support separately and scarcely. To fill this gap in the literature, we use two sub-samples of 664 female employees and 749 male employees with children under the age of one from 27 European countries participating in the 6th European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS-2015) to study the impact of perceived WLB on European women's perceived well-being after childbirth, in contrast with previous literature. We also analyze the impact of perceived supervisor support (SS) and its interaction with perceived WLB on women's well-being after childbirth, and explore differences with men after childbirth, a collective underexplored by the literature. We find significant gender differences on the relative impact of WLB, SS, and their interaction on perceived job well-being. Our results have important implications for human resource practices in organizations. In particular, they suggest that gendered WLB practices should be encouraged, and stress the relevance of the human factor over human resource practices in addressing the difficulties that women returning to work face after childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Lucia-Casademunt
- Department of Business Administration and Department of Economics, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonia M García-Cabrera
- Department of Business Administration, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Laura Padilla-Angulo
- Department of Business Administration and Department of Economics, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Deybbi Cuéllar-Molina
- Department of Business Administration, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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16
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Kim Y, Dee V. Sociodemographic and Obstetric Factors Related to Symptoms of Postpartum Depression in Hispanic Women in Rural California. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2017; 47:23-31. [PMID: 29221670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships among sociodemographic and obstetric factors and symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) in Hispanic women living in rural California. DESIGN Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive design. SETTING Rural southern California communities. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 223 Hispanic women, ages 18 to 42 years old, with one living infant younger than 12 months old. METHODS Interviewer-administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and sociodemographic and obstetric history survey (maternal age, marital status, education, annual household income, employment, sex of infant, birth type, and number of children). Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations and predictive relationships among sociodemographic and obstetric factors and symptoms of PPD. RESULTS Low education levels, unemployment, cesarean birth, and more than one young child were significantly related to PPD risk (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ≥ 10). Many of the factors associated with PPD symptoms in this sample of Hispanic women were similar to those previously reported in the literature. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted the need for PPD care among Hispanic women in rural areas. Early assessment and intervention for symptoms of PPD are needed to enhance health equity and promote better health for women who live in rural communities.
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Lewis BA, Billing L, Schuver K, Gjerdingen D, Avery M, Marcus BH. The relationship between employment status and depression symptomatology among women at risk for postpartum depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:3-9. [PMID: 28480799 PMCID: PMC5446099 DOI: 10.1177/1745505717708475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 13%–19% of new mothers report depression during the postpartum period. Returning to work after childbirth is associated with depression; however, it is unclear if this finding applies to women who are at high risk for postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between employment status and depression symptomatology among women at risk for postpartum depression (defined as personal or maternal history of depression). This study was a post hoc analysis from a previously conducted randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 124; ages 18–42) were 7 months postpartum and had participated in a randomized trial examining the efficacy of an exercise intervention for the prevention of postpartum depression (study was conducted from January 2010 through November 2011). Participants completed questionnaires examining demographic characteristics and psychosocial variables at 6 weeks and 7 months postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was administered at 7 months postpartum to assess depression symptomatology. Sixty-eight percent of the participants reported that they were employed at 7 months postpartum. Employment at 7 months postpartum was associated with lower depression symptomatology (as measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) after controlling for condition assignment, marital status, and having other children. Among women who worked outside of the home, there were no differences between those who worked full-time versus part-time on depression symptomatology. Employment may be a protective factor for postpartum depression symptomatology; however, we cannot infer causation given this study’s cross-sectional design. Postpartum women at risk for depression who are contemplating employment should consider the possible protective effect of employment on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bess H Marcus
- 2 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Hewitt B, Strazdins L, Martin B. The benefits of paid maternity leave for mothers' post-partum health and wellbeing: Evidence from an Australian evaluation. Soc Sci Med 2017; 182:97-105. [PMID: 28437694 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the health effects of the introduction of a near universal paid parental leave (PPL) scheme in Australia, representing a natural social policy experiment. Along with gender equity and workforce engagement, a goal of the scheme (18 weeks leave at the minimum wage rate) was to enhance the health and wellbeing of mothers and babies. Although there is evidence that leave, especially paid leave, can benefit mothers' health post-partum, the potential health benefits of implementing a nationwide scheme have rarely been investigated. The data come from two cross-sectional surveys of mothers (matched on their eligibility for paid parental leave), 2347 mother's surveyed pre-PPL and 3268 post-PPL. We investigated the scheme's health benefits for mothers, and the extent this varied by pre-birth employment conditions and job characteristics. Overall, we observed better mental and physical health among mothers after the introduction of PPL, although the effects were small. Post-PPL mothers on casual (insecure) contracts before birth had significantly better mental health than their pre-PPL counterparts, suggesting that the scheme delivered health benefits to mothers who were relatively disadvantaged. However, mothers on permanent contracts and in managerial or professional occupations also had significantly better mental and physical health in the post-PPL group. These mothers were more likely to combine the Government sponsored leave with additional, paid, employer benefits, enabling a longer paid leave package post-partum. Overall, the study provides evidence that introducing paid maternity leave universally delivers health benefits to mothers. However the modest 18 week PPL provision did little to redress health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Hewitt
- School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Lyndall Strazdins
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Bill Martin
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
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19
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Schwab-Reese LM, Ramirez M, Ashida S, Peek-Asa C. Psychosocial employment characteristics and postpartum maternal mental health symptoms. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:109-120. [PMID: 27747914 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For new mothers returning to work, the role of the workplace psychosocial environment on maternal mental health has not been fully described. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between psychosocial employment characteristics and mothers' postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. METHODS Ninety-seven women answered survey questions regarding employment, job demand, control, and support, and postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms soon after live birth and 6 months later. RESULTS Working and nonworking mothers reported similar mental health symptoms. Psychological characteristics of employment were not associated with increased odds of mental health symptoms. Increased social support provided by coworkers, supervisors, and the organization was associated with reduced odds of anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings identified lack of workplace social support as a modifiable risk factor for postpartum anxiety. Future evaluations of workplace social support interventions may be explored to improve postpartum mental health symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:109-120, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Schwab-Reese
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health; The University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Marizen Ramirez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; The University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Sato Ashida
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health; The University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; The University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
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Perry-Jenkins M, Smith JZ, Wadsworth LP, Halpern HP. Workplace Policies and Mental Health among Working-Class, New Parents. COMMUNITY, WORK & FAMILY 2016; 20:226-249. [PMID: 29242705 PMCID: PMC5724788 DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2016.1252721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Little research has explored linkages between workplace policies and mental health in working-class, employed parents, creating a gap in our knowledge of work-family issues across social class levels. The current U.S. study addresses this gap by employing hierarchical linear modeling techniques to examine how workplace policies and parental leave benefits predicted parents' depressive symptoms and anxiety in a sample of 125, low-income, dual-earner couples interviewed across the transition to parenthood. Descriptive analyses revealed that, on average, parents had few workplace policies, such as schedule flexibility or child care supports, available to them. Results revealed, however, that, when available, schedule flexibility was related to fewer depressive symptoms and less anxiety for new mothers. Greater child care supports predicted fewer depressive symptoms for fathers. In terms of crossover effects, longer maternal leave predicted declines in fathers' anxiety across the first year. Results are discussed with attention to how certain workplace policies may serve to alleviate new parents' lack of time and resources (minimize scarcity of resources) and, in turn, predict better mental health during the sensitive period of new parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Perry-Jenkins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - JuliAnna Z Smith
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Lauren Page Wadsworth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Hillary Paul Halpern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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Cooklin AR, Giallo R, Strazdins L, Martin A, Leach LS, Nicholson JM. What matters for working fathers? Job characteristics, work-family conflict and enrichment, and fathers' postpartum mental health in an Australian cohort. Soc Sci Med 2015; 146:214-22. [PMID: 26520473 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One in ten fathers experience mental health difficulties in the first year postpartum. Unsupportive job conditions that exacerbate work-family conflict are a potential risk to fathers' mental health given that most new fathers (95%) combine parenting with paid work. However, few studies have examined work-family conflict and mental health for postpartum fathers specifically. The aim of the present study was to identify the particular work characteristics (e.g., work hours per week, job quality) associated with work-family conflict and enrichment, and fathers' mental health in the postpartum period. Survey data from 3243 fathers of infants (aged 6-12 months) participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analysed via path analysis, considering key confounders (age, education, income, maternal employment, maternal mental health and relationship quality). Long and inflexible work hours, night shift, job insecurity, a lack of autonomy and more children in the household were associated with increased work-family conflict, and this was in turn associated with increased distress. Job security, autonomy, and being in a more prestigious occupation were positively associated with work-family enrichment and better mental health. These findings from a nationally representative sample of Australian fathers contribute novel evidence that employment characteristics, via work-family conflict and work-family enrichment, are key determinants of fathers' postnatal mental health, independent from established risk factors. Findings will inform the provision of specific 'family-friendly' conditions protective for fathers during this critical stage in the family life-cycle, with implications for their wellbeing and that of their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Liana S Leach
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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McMahon CA, Boivin J, Gibson FL, Hammarberg K, Wynter K, Fisher JRW. Older maternal age and major depressive episodes in the first two years after birth: findings from the Parental Age and Transition to Parenthood Australia (PATPA) study. J Affect Disord 2015; 175:454-62. [PMID: 25679200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines whether (1) older maternal age is associated with increased risk of depressive episodes between four months and two years after first birth and (2) the role of subsequent reproductive, social and child factors in vulnerability to later onset depression. METHOD 592 women were recruited in the third trimester of pregnancy in three age-groups (≤ 30 years; 31-36 years,≥37 years); 434 (73%) completed all assessments at four months and two years after birth. Major Depression episodes (MDE) were assessed at four months and two years using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Maternal (age, mode of conception, prior mood symptoms, health), child (temperament, health), reproductive (subsequent fertility treatment, pregnancy, birth, pregnancy loss) and social contextual variables (language background, paid work, practical support, life stresses) were assessed in pregnancy and postnatally using validated questionnaires and structured interview questions. RESULTS Maternal age was not related to prevalence or timing of MDE. Depression symptoms, poor child health, low practical support at four months and a non-English language background predicted episodes of depression between four months and two years, ps <0.05. LIMITATIONS Life history risks for depression were not considered, nor symptom profiles over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that despite a more complex reproductive context, older first time mothers are not more likely to report major depressive episodes in the first two years after birth. Prevalence for the whole sample was at the lower end of reported community ranges and was comparable early and later in the postpartum period. Screening for depression after childbirth should not be restricted to the early months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A McMahon
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Jacky Boivin
- Cardiff Fertility Studies Research Group, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | | | - Karin Hammarberg
- Jean Hailes Research Unit, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Karen Wynter
- Jean Hailes Research Unit, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jane R W Fisher
- Jean Hailes Research Unit, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
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Yim IS, Tanner Stapleton LR, Guardino CM, Hahn-Holbrook J, Dunkel Schetter C. Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression: systematic review and call for integration. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2015; 11:99-137. [PMID: 25822344 PMCID: PMC5659274 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-101414-020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) adversely affects the health and well being of many new mothers, their infants, and their families. A comprehensive understanding of biopsychosocial precursors to PPD is needed to solidify the current evidence base for best practices in translation. We conducted a systematic review of research published from 2000 through 2013 on biological and psychosocial factors associated with PPD and postpartum depressive symptoms. Two hundred fourteen publications based on 199 investigations of 151,651 women in the first postpartum year met inclusion criteria. The biological and psychosocial literatures are largely distinct, and few studies provide integrative analyses. The strongest PPD risk predictors among biological processes are hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation, inflammatory processes, and genetic vulnerabilities. Among psychosocial factors, the strongest predictors are severe life events, some forms of chronic strain, relationship quality, and support from partner and mother. Fully integrated biopsychosocial investigations with large samples are needed to advance our knowledge of PPD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona S Yim
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697;
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Bakker M, van der Beek AJ, Hendriksen IJM, Bruinvels DJ, van Poppel MNM. Predictive factors of postpartum fatigue: a prospective cohort study among working women. J Psychosom Res 2014; 77:385-90. [PMID: 25214040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate which prepartum determinants contribute to the development of postpartum (PP) fatigue among working women in the Netherlands. METHODS A prospective cohort study in 15 Dutch companies was conducted to measure different potential predictors using self-administrated questionnaires at baseline and at 30 weeks of pregnancy. Fatigue was measured at 12 (N=523) and 52 weeks (N=436) PP using the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). A CIS score>76 was defined as fatigue. RESULTS The prevalence of fatigue at 12 and 52 weeks PP was 24.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Fourteen predictive factors were found for fatigue (R(2)=0.37) at 12 weeks PP. Ten predictive factors were found for fatigue at 52 weeks PP (R(2)=0.36). In general, less favourable work relationships and characteristics, poorer mental health, more passive coping styles, more sleeping problems, more fatigue during pregnancy, and beliefs about child care arrangements were related to PP fatigue. At 30 weeks of pregnancy, only more fatigue (OR=3.69, p<0.001; OR=2.68, p=0.02) and poorer mental health (OR=0.50, p=0.02; OR=0.90, p=0.78) predicted fatigue both at 12 and 52 weeks PP. CONCLUSIONS A large number of predictive factors for PP fatigue were found. These findings indicate that different aspects can contribute to being fatigued after pregnancy. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of possible interventions by employers and/or occupational physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Bakker
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Body@Work, Research Centre Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VUmc, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid J M Hendriksen
- Body@Work, Research Centre Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VUmc, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; TNO Expertise Centre Life Style, Wassenaarseweg 56, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David J Bruinvels
- The Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine (NVAB), P.O. Box 2113, 3500 GC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille N M van Poppel
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Body@Work, Research Centre Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VUmc, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Paschetta E, Berrisford G, Coccia F, Whitmore J, Wood AG, Pretlove S, Ismail KMK. Perinatal psychiatric disorders: an overview. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210:501-509.e6. [PMID: 24113256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal mental illness has a significant implication on maternal health, birth outcomes, and the offspring's development. Prevalence estimates of perinatal psychiatric illnesses range widely, with substantial heterogeneity in different population studies, with a lower prevalence rate in high- rather than low- or middle-income countries. Because of the potential negative impact on maternal and child outcomes and the potential lability of these disorders, the perinatal period is a critical time to identify psychiatric illnesses. Thus, obstetricians and midwives play a crucial role in assessing women's mental health needs and to refer identified women promptly for multidisciplinary specialist assessment. However, there is still limited evidence on best practice assessment and management policies during pregnancy and postpartum. This review focuses on the prevalence of common perinatal mental disorders and antenatal screening policies to identify women at risk. The effect of these conditions and their management on pregnancy, fetal outcomes, and child development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paschetta
- Birmingham Women's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giles Berrisford
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Floriana Coccia
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Whitmore
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amanda G Wood
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sam Pretlove
- Birmingham Women's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Khaled M K Ismail
- Birmingham Women's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Schmied V, Johnson M, Naidoo N, Austin MP, Matthey S, Kemp L, Mills A, Meade T, Yeo A. Maternal mental health in Australia and New Zealand: A review of longitudinal studies. Women Birth 2013; 26:167-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Giallo R, D'Esposito F, Cooklin A, Mensah F, Lucas N, Wade C, Nicholson JM. Psychosocial risk factors associated with fathers' mental health in the postnatal period: results from a population-based study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:563-73. [PMID: 22898826 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fathers' psychological distress in the postnatal period can have adverse effects on their children's wellbeing and development, yet little is known about the factors associated with fathers' distress. This paper examines a broad range of socio-demographic, individual, infant and contextual factors to identify those associated with fathers' psychological distress in the first year postpartum. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from 3,219 fathers participating in the infant cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children at wave 1 when children were 0-12 months of age. RESULTS Approximately 10 % of fathers reported elevated symptoms of psychological distress. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk factors were poor job quality, poor relationship quality, maternal psychological distress, having a partner in a more prestigious occupation and low parental self-efficacy. CONCLUSION These findings provide new information to guide the assessment of fathers' risk for psychological distress in postnatal period. There are also important social policy implications related to workplace entitlements and the provision of services for fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Giallo
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
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28
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Rosenthal DG, Learned N, Liu YH, Weitzman M. Characteristics of Mothers with Depressive Symptoms Outside the Postpartum Period. Matern Child Health J 2012; 17:1030-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Newborn LR, Frank JB. Risks and Rewards of Returning to Work Postpartum. Psychiatr Ann 2012. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20120705-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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