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Monofunctional Platinum(II) Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020133. [PMID: 33562293 PMCID: PMC7915149 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs represented by cisplatin play important roles in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, their applications are largely compromised by drug resistance and side effects. Much effort has been made to circumvent the drug resistance and general toxicity of these drugs. Among multifarious designs, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes with a general formula of [Pt(3A)Cl]+ (A: Ammonia or amine) stand out as a class of "non-traditional" anticancer agents hopeful to overcome the defects of current platinum drugs. This review aims to summarize the development of monofunctional platinum(II) complexes in recent years. They are classified into four categories: fluorescent complexes, photoactive complexes, targeted complexes, and miscellaneous complexes. The intention behind the designs is either to visualize the cellular distribution, or to reduce the side effects, or to improve the tumor selectivity, or inhibit the cancer cells through non-DNA targets. The information provided by this review may inspire researchers to conceive more innovative complexes with potent efficacy to shake off the drawbacks of platinum anticancer drugs.
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Ko CN, Li G, Leung CH, Ma DL. Dual function luminescent transition metal complexes for cancer theranostics: The combination of diagnosis and therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Walther T, Herzog R, Kaluđerović MR, Wagner C, Schmidt H, Kaluđerović GN. Traceable platinum(II) complexes with alkylene diamine-derived ligands: synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1431392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Walther
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Renate Herzog
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Milena R. Kaluđerović
- Department of Oral, Maxillary, Facial and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Wagner
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Harry Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
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4
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Legin AA, Theiner S, Schintlmeister A, Reipert S, Heffeter P, Jakupec MA, Mayr J, Varbanov HP, Kowol CR, Galanski M, Berger W, Wagner M, Keppler BK. Multi-scale imaging of anticancer platinum(iv) compounds in murine tumor and kidney. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3052-3061. [PMID: 29997796 PMCID: PMC6004953 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) enables trace element and isotope analyses with high spatial resolution. This unique capability has recently been exploited in several studies analyzing the subcellular distribution of Au and Pt anticancer compounds. However, these studies were restricted to cell culture systems. To explore the applicability to the in vivo setting, we developed a combined imaging approach consisting of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), NanoSIMS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suitable for multi-scale detection of the platinum distribution in tissues. Applying this approach to kidney and tumor samples upon administration of selected platinum(iv) anticancer prodrugs revealed uneven platinum distributions on both the organ and subcellular scales. Spatial platinum accumulation patterns were quantitatively assessed by LA-ICP-MS in histologically heterogeneous organs (e.g., higher platinum accumulation in kidney cortex than in medulla) and used to select regions of interest for subcellular-scale imaging with NanoSIMS. These analyses revealed cytoplasmic sulfur-rich organelles accumulating platinum in both kidney and malignant cells. Those in the tumor were subsequently identified as organelles of lysosomal origin, demonstrating the potential of the combinatorial approach for investigating therapeutically relevant drug concentrations on a submicrometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Legin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
| | - S Theiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
| | - A Schintlmeister
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science , Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology", and Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research , University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - S Reipert
- Core Facility of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research , University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - P Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research , Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , Medical University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - M A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
| | - J Mayr
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
| | - H P Varbanov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
| | - C R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
| | - M Galanski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
| | - W Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research , Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , Medical University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - M Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science , Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology", and Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research , University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - B K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," and Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria . ; Tel: +43-1-4277-52600
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5
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Wirth R, White JD, Moghaddam AD, Ginzburg AL, Zakharov LN, Haley MM, DeRose VJ. Azide vs Alkyne Functionalization in Pt(II) Complexes for Post-treatment Click Modification: Solid-State Structure, Fluorescent Labeling, and Cellular Fate. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15169-75. [PMID: 26512733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tracking of Pt(II) complexes is of crucial importance toward understanding Pt interactions with cellular biomolecules. Post-treatment fluorescent labeling of functionalized Pt(II)-based agents using the bioorthogonal Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has recently been reported as a promising approach. Here we describe an azide-functionalized Pt(II) complex, cis-[Pt(2-azidobutyl)amido-1,3-propanediamine)Cl2] (1), containing the cis geometry and difunctional reactivity of cisplatin, and present a comparative study with its previously described alkyne-functionalized congener. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a dramatic change in the solid-state arrangement with exchange of the alkyne for an azide moiety wherein 1 is dominated by a pseudo-chain of Pt-Pt dimers and antiparallel alignment of the azide substituents, in comparison with a circular arrangement supported by CH/π(C≡C) interactions in the alkyne version. In vitro studies indicate similar DNA binding and click reactivity of both congeners observed by fluorescent labeling. Interestingly, complex 1 shows in vitro enhanced click reactivity in comparison to a previously reported azide-appended Pt(II) complex. Despite their similar behavior in vitro, preliminary in cellulo HeLa studies indicate a superior imaging potential of azide-functionalized 1. Post-treatment fluorescent labeling of 1 observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy shows nuclear and intense nucleolar localization. These results demonstrate the potential of 1 in different cell line localization studies and for future isolation and purification of Pt-bound targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Wirth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Jonathan D White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Alan D Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Aurora L Ginzburg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon , 1443 East 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Victoria J DeRose
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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Tracey MP, Pham D, Koide K. Fluorometric imaging methods for palladium and platinum and the use of palladium for imaging biomolecules. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4769-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Palladium and platinum metals have been used to facilitate novel bioimaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianne Pham
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Kazunori Koide
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
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7
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Legin AA, Schintlmeister A, Jakupec MA, Galanski MS, Lichtscheidl I, Wagner M, Keppler BK. NanoSIMS combined with fluorescence microscopy as a tool for subcellular imaging of isotopically labeled platinum-based anticancer drugs. Chem Sci 2014; 5:3135-3143. [PMID: 35919909 PMCID: PMC9273000 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-elemental, isotope selective nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy was used to characterize the subcellular distribution of 15N-labeled cisplatin in human colon cancer cells. These analyses indicated predominant cisplatin colocalisation with sulfur-rich structures in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, colocalisation of platinum with phosphorus-rich chromatin regions was observed, which is consistent with its binding affinity to DNA as the generally accepted crucial target of the drug. Application of 15N-labeled cisplatin and subsequent measurement of the nitrogen isotopic composition and determination of the relative intensities of platinum and nitrogen associated secondary ion signals in different cellular compartments with NanoSIMS suggested partial dissociation of Pt-N bonds during the accumulation process, in particular within nucleoli at elevated cisplatin concentrations. This finding raises the question as to whether the observed intracellular dissociation of the drug has implications for the mechanism of action of cisplatin. Within the cytoplasm, platinum mainly accumulated in acidic organelles, as demonstrated by a direct combination of specific fluorescent staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy and NanoSIMS. Different processing of platinum drugs in acidic organelles might be relevant for their detoxification, as well as for their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Legin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Mathea S Galanski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- Core Facility of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Research, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna Waehringer Str. 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
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8
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Peña B, Barhoumi R, Burghardt RC, Turro C, Dunbar KR. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies of a fluorophore-labeled dirhodium compound: visualizing metal-metal bonded molecules in lung cancer (A549) cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7861-4. [PMID: 24854400 PMCID: PMC4063186 DOI: 10.1021/ja503774m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The new dirhodium compound [Rh2(μ-O2CCH3)2(η(1)-O2CCH3)(phenbodipy)(H2O)3][O2CCH3] (1), which incorporates a bodipy fluorescent tag, was prepared and studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. It was determined that 1 localizes mainly in lysosomes and mitochondria with no apparent nuclear localization in the 1-100 μM range. These results support the conclusion that cellular organelles rather than the nucleus can be targeted by modification of the ligands bound to the Rh2(4+) core. This is the first study of a fluorophore-labeled metal-metal bonded compound, work that opens up new venues for the study of intracellular distribution of dinuclear transition metal anticancer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peña
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department
of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Robert C. Burghardt
- Department
of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kim R. Dunbar
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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9
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Wedlock LE, Kilburn MR, Liu R, Shaw JA, Berners-Price SJ, Farrell NP. NanoSIMS multi-element imaging reveals internalisation and nucleolar targeting for a highly-charged polynuclear platinum compound. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:6944-6. [PMID: 23687657 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous multi-element imaging using NanoSIMS (nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry), exploiting the novel combination of (195)Pt and (15)N in platinum-am(m)ine antitumour drugs, provides information on the internalisation and subcellular localisation of both metal and ligands, and allows identification of ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Wedlock
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
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10
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Vaz GMF, Paszko E, Davies AM, Senge MO. High content screening as high quality assay for biological evaluation of photosensitizers in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70653. [PMID: 23923014 PMCID: PMC3726630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel single step assay approach to screen a library of photdynamic therapy (PDT) compounds was developed. Utilizing high content analysis (HCA) technologies several robust cellular parameters were identified, which can be used to determine the phototoxic effects of porphyrin compounds which have been developed as potential anticancer agents directed against esophageal carcinoma. To demonstrate the proof of principle of this approach a small detailed study on five porphyrin based compounds was performed utilizing two relevant esophageal cancer cell lines (OE21 and SKGT-4). The measurable outputs from these early studies were then evaluated by performing a pilot screen using a set of 22 compounds. These data were evaluated and validated by performing comparative studies using a traditional colorimetric assay (MTT). The studies demonstrated that the HCS assay offers significant advantages over and above the currently used methods (directly related to the intracellular presence of the compounds by analysis of their integrated intensity and area within the cells). A high correlation was found between the high content screening (HCS) and MTT data. However, the HCS approach provides additional information that allows a better understanding of the behavior of these compounds when interacting at the cellular level. This is the first step towards an automated high-throughput screening of photosensitizer drug candidates and the beginnings of an integrated and comprehensive quantitative structure action relationship (QSAR) study for photosensitizer libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela M. F. Vaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edyta Paszko
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony M. Davies
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Kalayda GV, Wagner CH, Jaehde U. Relevance of copper transporter 1 for cisplatin resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 116:1-10. [PMID: 23010323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Defects in intracellular accumulation of the antitumour drug cisplatin are a commonly observed feature in the cells selected for cisplatin resistance. Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) has been suggested to play an important role in drug uptake and resistance. Here, we describe a detailed investigation of the involvement of CTR1 in cisplatin uptake and its relevance for cisplatin resistance using a well characterised sensitive/cisplatin-resistant cell line pair: A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cell line and its cisplatin-resistant variant A2780cis. A2780cis cells showed decreased cisplatin accumulation and lower CTR1 expression compared to A2780 cells. Co-incubation with copper sulphate affected neither cisplatin accumulation (determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry) nor its cytotoxicity (determined using an MTT-assay, MTT=3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide). In both cell lines, CTR1 was localised near the nucleus as found using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The steady-state localisation of the protein in perinuclear region appears to involve its continuous endocytosis from cell surface. In contrast to copper, cisplatin exposure had no influence on the sub cellular localisation of CTR1. Co-localisation between CTR1 and a fluorescent cisplatin analogue labelled with carboxyfluorescein-diacetate could be observed in vesicular structures when continuous retrieval of the protein from cell membrane was inhibited. Our results strongly suggest that CTR1 mediates cisplatin uptake in the cell lines studied. Upon its transport across the plasma membrane by CTR1 the platinum drug is likely to be internalised along with the protein. Our findings imply that reduced CTR1 expression accounts for decreased cisplatin accumulation and represents one of the determinants of cisplatin resistance in A2780cis cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna V Kalayda
- Pharma Center Bonn, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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D’Errico S, Oliviero G, Piccialli V, Amato J, Borbone N, D’Atri V, D’Alessio F, Noto RD, Ruffo F, Salvatore F, Piccialli G. Solid-phase synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel nucleoside-tethered dinuclear platinum(II) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5835-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Buss I, Garmann D, Galanski MS, Weber G, Kalayda GV, Keppler BK, Jaehde U. Enhancing lipophilicity as a strategy to overcome resistance against platinum complexes? J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:709-17. [PMID: 21450275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Decreased influx represents one of the major resistance mechanisms of platinum complexes. In order to address the question if this mechanism of resistance can be overcome by enhancing the lipophilicity of platinum complexes, we investigated the influence of lipophilicity on cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity in a panel of oxaliplatin analogues with different carrier ligands. Cellular accumulation, DNA platination and cytotoxicity were measured in a cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780/A2780cis) and in an oxaliplatin-sensitive and -resistant ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8/HCT-8ox) cell line pair. Platinum concentrations were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry or adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Passive diffusion represented the main influx mechanism of oxaliplatin analogues during the first minutes of incubation as indicated by a correlation between lipophilicity and early influx rate. Afterwards, the predominant influx mechanism was lipophilicity-independent. More lipophilic complexes showed a reduced cytotoxic activity, although the early influx rate was increased. The resistance profiles of the two cell line pairs were found to be different: HCT-8ox cells were less resistant against more lipophilic complexes, whereas A2780cis cells exhibited a comparable degree of resistance against all investigated compounds. However, the reduction in resistance factor of HCT-8ox cells cannot be explained by increased influx suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are circumvented upon exposure to more lipophilic compounds. Though resistance against more lipophilic platinum complexes analogues is lower we conclude that enhancing lipophilicity is not a successful strategy to overcome platinum resistance as higher lipophilicity is also associated with lower cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Buss
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Reddy D, Jaganyi D. Influence of the bridging azine ligand on the rate of ligand substitution in a series of dinuclear platinum(II) complexes. INT J CHEM KINET 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Ruiz J, Vicente C, Haro CD, Espinosa A. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of a C,N-Cycloplatinated(II) Complex with a Potentially Intercalative Anthraquinone Pendant. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:2151-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, 30071- Murcia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Vicente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, 30071- Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción de Haro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, 30071- Murcia, Spain
| | - Arturo Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, 30071- Murcia, Spain
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17
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Bhat SS, Kumbhar AA, Heptullah H, Khan AA, Gobre VV, Gejji SP, Puranik VG. Synthesis, Electronic Structure, DNA and Protein Binding, DNA Cleavage, and Anticancer Activity of Fluorophore-Labeled Copper(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:545-58. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101534n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish S. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Hussain Heptullah
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ayesha A. Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
| | | | | | - Vedavati G. Puranik
- Centre for Materials Characterization, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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18
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Hallett AJ, Ward BD, Kariuki BM, Pope SJ. Neutral and cationic cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes of anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione-derived ligands: Syntheses, structures and spectroscopic characterisation. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Wilson JJ, Fedoce Lopes J, Lippard SJ. Synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of three platinum(II) complexes bearing fluorescent analogues of the Di-2-pyridylmethane ligand. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5303-15. [PMID: 20423108 DOI: 10.1021/ic100411p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new ligands of the general formula [RNHCH(py)(2)] (py = pyridine; R = tosyl, Ts-dpm; R = dansyl, Ds-dpm; R = 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole, NBD-dpm) have been synthesized and characterized. Reactions of these ligands with cis-[Pt(DMSO)(2)Cl(2)] (DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) in methanol affords [Pt(Ts-dpm)Cl(2)] (1), [Pt(Ds-dpm)Cl(2)] (2), and [Pt(NBD-dpm)Cl(2)] (3). The crystal structures of these complexes reveal bidentate coordination of the ligands to the Pt center with nonplanar chelate rings. Because of inequivalent substituents on the methine carbon atom of the ligands, distinct exo and endo isomers exist in the three complexes. X-ray analyses indicate that 1 crystallizes in the endo conformation, 2 in the exo conformation, and 3 as a mixture of the two conformers. The (1)H NMR and (195)Pt NMR spectra of the complexes display two sets of independent signals corresponding to the chemically inequivalent exo and endo conformers. The exo conformer was determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy to be thermodynamically favored for all three complexes. Density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT, and atoms in molecules calculations were carried out for both conformers of 3 to investigate differences in their electronic structures and to explore intramolecular interactions. In the presence of dioxygen, 1 thermally decomposes at 60 degrees C to form several unidentified products. Compound 2 is thermally stable even in the presence of dioxygen and water but upon light exposure decomposes to form a new platinum(II) species with a (195)Pt NMR shift of -2177 ppm. Compound 3 reacts both thermally and photochemically in the presence of dioxygen and trace amounts of water to form both 4-amino-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and [Pt(dpk)Cl(2)] (dpk = di-2-pyridyl ketone). Oxidation of 1 and 3 with H(2)O(2) in acetic acid affords a mixture of compounds, two of which contain dpm ligands bound in a tridentate manner to platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Substituted 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamides tethered to platinum(II)diamine complexes: Chemistry, cytotoxicity and DNA sequence selectivity. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:815-9. [PMID: 20494445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Łakomska I, Kooijman H, Spek AL, Shen WZ, Reedijk J. Mono- and dinuclear platinum(II) compounds with 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. Structure, cytotoxic activity and reaction with 5'-GMP. Dalton Trans 2009:10736-41. [PMID: 20023903 DOI: 10.1039/b912404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and dinuclear platinum(II) coordination compounds of formula cis-[PtCl(2)(NH(3))(dmtp)], 1, cis-[PtCl(2)(dmtp)(2)], 2 and {H(+)[C(28)H(32)Cl(2)N(16)Pt(2)](2+)(NO(3))(3)(H(2)O)(6)}, 3, in which dmtp is 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine have been synthesized and characterized by infrared and by (1)H, (13)C, (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy. The coordination units of the cationic species of formula [Pt(2)(mu-dmtp)(2)Cl(2)(dmtp)(2)](2+) are built up by two platinum atoms in a square-planar environment. Two sites are occupied by two 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) bridging ligands which are linked to both metal atoms through their nitrogen atoms in positions 3 and 4. The other two positions are occupied by one monodentate 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) molecule and a coordinated chloride. This compound is the first in which the same triazolopyrimidine ligand (dmtp) coordinates to a metal ion in two different ways, i.e. bridging bidentate and non-bridging monodentate. In addition, the interaction of compounds 1 and 2 with 5'-GMP was investigated in solution by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of all the new platinum(II) compounds were studied by using two different cell lines: T47D (breast cancer) and HCV29T (bladder cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Łakomska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V. Klein
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Marqués-Gallego P, den Dulk H, Brouwer J, Tanase S, Mutikainen I, Turpeinen U, Reedijk J. Cytotoxic activity and cellular processing in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines of a new platinum(II) compound containing a fluorescent substituted propylene diamine ligand. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:365-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cellular accumulation and DNA platination of two new platinum(II) anticancer compounds based on anthracene derivatives as carrier ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:791-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Reedijk J. Platinum Anticancer Coordination Compounds: Study of DNA Binding Inspires New Drug Design. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Reedijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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New EJ, Duan R, Zhang JZ, Hambley TW. Investigations using fluorescent ligands to monitor platinum(iv) reduction and platinum(ii) reactions in cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2009:3092-101. [DOI: 10.1039/b821603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gibson D. The mechanism of action of platinum anticancer agents—what do we really know about it? Dalton Trans 2009:10681-9. [PMID: 20023895 DOI: 10.1039/b918871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Marqués-Gallego P, den Dulk H, Brouwer J, Kooijman H, Spek AL, Roubeau O, Teat SJ, Reedijk J. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Studies in Solution and Cytotoxicity of Two New Fluorescent Platinum(II) Compounds Containing Anthracene Derivatives as a Carrier Ligand. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11171-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8014767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marqués-Gallego
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Hans den Dulk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jaap Brouwer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Huub Kooijman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jan Reedijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS-CRPP UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer 33600 Pessac, France, and ALS, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS2-400, Berkeley, California 94720
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Reedijk J. Medicinal Applications of Metal Complexes Binding to Biological Macromolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200851023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kalayda GV, Wagner CH, Buss I, Reedijk J, Jaehde U. Altered localisation of the copper efflux transporters ATP7A and ATP7B associated with cisplatin resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:175. [PMID: 18565219 PMCID: PMC2442842 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copper homeostasis proteins ATP7A and ATP7B are assumed to be involved in the intracellular transport of cisplatin. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of sub cellular localisation of these transporters for acquired cisplatin resistance in vitro. For this purpose, localisation of ATP7A and ATP7B in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells and their cisplatin-resistant variant, A2780cis, was investigated. Methods Sub cellular localisation of ATP7A and ATP7B in sensitive and resistant cells was investigated using confocal fluorescence microscopy after immunohistochemical staining. Co-localisation experiments with a cisplatin analogue modified with a carboxyfluorescein-diacetate residue were performed. Cytotoxicity of the fluorescent cisplatin analogue in A2780 and A2780cis cells was determined using an MTT-based assay. The significance of differences was analysed using Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test as appropriate, p values of < 0.05 were considered significant. Results In the sensitive cells, both transporters are mainly localised in the trans-Golgi network, whereas they are sequestrated in more peripherally located vesicles in the resistant cells. Altered localisation of ATP7A and ATP7B in A2780cis cells is likely to be a consequence of major abnormalities in intracellular protein trafficking related to a reduced lysosomal compartment in this cell line. Changes in sub cellular localisation of ATP7A and ATP7B may facilitate sequestration of cisplatin in the vesicular structures of A2780cis cells, which may prevent drug binding to genomic DNA and thereby contribute to cisplatin resistance. Conclusion Our results indicate that alterations in sub cellular localisation of transport proteins may contribute to cisplatin resistance in vitro. Investigation of intracellular protein localisation in primary tumour cell cultures and tumour tissues may help to develop markers of clinically relevant cisplatin resistance. Detection of resistant tumours in patients may in turn enable individualization of the chemotherapy in the early stage of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna V Kalayda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Hall MD, Okabe M, Shen DW, Liang XJ, Gottesman MM. The role of cellular accumulation in determining sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 48:495-535. [PMID: 17937596 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.080907.180426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The platinum (Pt) drugs cisplatin and carboplatin are heavily employed in chemotherapy regimens; however, similar to other classes of drugs, a number of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms hamper their effectiveness. The method by which Pt drugs enter cells has traditionally been attributed to simple passive diffusion. However, recent evidence suggests a number of active uptake and efflux mechanisms are at play, and altered regulation of these transporters is responsible for the reduced accumulation of drug in resistant cells. This review suggests a model that helps reconcile the disparate literature by describing multiple pathways for Pt-containing drugs into and out of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hall
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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Zobi F, Mood BB, Wood PA, Fabbiani FPA, Parsons S, Sadler PJ. Tagging (Arene)ruthenium(II) Anticancer Complexes with Fluorescent Labels. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kapp T, Müller S, Gust R. Dinuclear Alkylamine Platinum(II) Complexes of [1,2-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]platinum(II): Influence of Endocytosis and Copper and Organic Cation Transport Systems on Cellular Uptake. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:560-4. [PMID: 16892392 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Various possible pathways for the uptake of cationic alkylamine platinum(II) complexes into the MCF-7 breast cancer cells were studied with di[meso-1,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]di[sulfinylbis(methane)-S][mu-1,6-diaminohexaneN:N']diplatinum(II) disulfate (m-4F-PtDMSO-DAH) as an example. It was demonstrated that m-4F-PtDMSO-DAH competed neither for the copper transporter nor the organic cation transporters (OCT and OATP). Instead, adsorptive endocytosis by macropinocytosis played an essential role. Inhibitors of this processes such as amiloride, N-ethyl-N-isopropylamiloride (EIPA), wortmannin, and cytochalasin D decreased the intracellular uptake of m-4F-PtDMSO-DAH dramatically. These results support the understanding of the pharmacological behavior of this promising drug family, which showed no cross resistance with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kapp
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Königin Luise Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Alderden RA, Mellor HR, Modok S, Hambley TW, Callaghan R. Cytotoxic efficacy of an anthraquinone linked platinum anticancer drug. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 71:1136-45. [PMID: 16458859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platinum complexes are widely used in cancer chemotherapy; however, they are associated with toxicity, high "non-specific" reactivity and relatively poor pharmacokinetic profiles. In particular, their low cellular uptake and rapid metabolic inactivation means that the amount of "active" drug reaching the nuclear compartment is low. Our strategy to facilitate nuclear accumulation was to introduce a hydrophobic anthraquinone (1C3) moiety to the Pt-complex. Anthraquinones are known to readily intercalate into DNA strands and hence, the Pt-1C3 complex may represent an effective system for the delivery of the platinum moiety to nuclear DNA. Efficacy of the complex was determined by measuring the extent and potency of cytotoxicity in comparison to cisplatin and an anthraquinone based anticancer drug, doxorubicin. The Pt-1C3 complex generated higher levels of cytotoxicity than cisplatin, with a potency of 19 +/- 4 microM in the DLD-1 cancer cell line. However, this potency was not significantly different to that of the 1C3 moiety alone. To examine the reason for the apparent lack of platinum related cytotoxicity, the cellular distribution was characterised. Confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated that the Pt-1C3 complex was rapidly sequestered into lysosomes, in contrast to the nuclear localisation of doxorubicin. In addition, there was negligible DNA associated Pt following administration of the novel complex. Thus, the addition of a 1C3 moiety generated sequestration of the complex to lysosomes, thereby preventing localisation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Alderden
- Centre for Heavy Metals Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kalayda GV, Zhang G, Abraham T, Tanke HJ, Reedijk J. Application of fluorescence microscopy for investigation of cellular distribution of dinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5191-202. [PMID: 16078838 DOI: 10.1021/jm050216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dinuclear platinum complexes with aliphatic diamines [{cis-Pt(NH(3))(2)Cl}(2)(mu-H(2)N(CH(2))(6)NH(2))](NO(3))(2) (1,1/c,c) and [{trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)Cl}(2)(mu-H(2)N(CH(2))(4)NH(2))](NO(3))(2) (1,1/t,t), which are known to be highly active in vitro against several cancer cell lines, have been modified with a fluorogenic reporter (carboxyfluorescein diacetate, CFDA) and a hapten (dinitrophenyl, DNP). These labeled complexes have been designed for fluorescence microscopy investigation of cellular pathways of promising dinuclear platinum anticancer drugs and present the first example of labeling biologically active dinuclear platinum complexes with a fluorescent reporter. The modified compounds interact with a guanine model base similarly to the label-free parent complexes. The uptake of the complexes with a fluorescent label and the respective unlabeled complexes in the U2-OS human osteosarcoma cell line and its cisplatin-resistant derivative, U2-OS/Pt cell line has been investigated. Cellular processing of the CFDA- and DNP-modified dinuclear platinum complexes in U2-OS and U2-OS/Pt cells has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna V Kalayda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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