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Maciel PP, de Lima Gouveia C, Marques IL, Maciel PP, Lima JMD, Castellano LRC, Bonan RF, Bonan PRF, Batista AUD. Antimicrobial effect and the mechanical and surface properties of a self-disinfecting and a chlorhexidine-incorporated Type IV dental stone. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:365.e1-365.e8. [PMID: 36462969 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Stone casts are subject to contamination, but whether disinfectants incorporated into the stone are effective is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the mechanical and surface properties of self-disinfecting gypsum (SDG) and gypsum mixed with 2% chlorhexidine (GCHX). MATERIAL AND METHODS Antimicrobial action was evaluated using the diffusion-disk technique on Streptococcus aureus and Candida albicans 1 hour and 24 hours after pouring the gypsum. The groups were SDG, GCHX, a positive control (PC) of gypsum mixed with distilled water, and a negative control (NC) of filter paper disk soaked with 2% chlorhexidine; n=8. Inhibition halos were measured using the ImageJ software program and statistically analyzed using the repeated measures mixed ANOVA with time×group interaction. Compressive strength (CS) in MPa and surface roughness (SR) in μm (parameters: Ra - roughness average; and Sa - 3-dimensional (3D) arithmetic mean of the surface profile) tests were performed to characterize the specimens (evaluated groups: SDG, GCHX, and PC; n=10). CS data were analyzed by a 2-way ANOVA with time×group interaction, and SR data by a 1-way ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS For S aureus, there were differences between GCHX and SDG at 1 hour and 24 hours (P<.05), but no significant differences were found for C albicans (P>.05). GCHX was better than PC, except for C albicans, and showed a reduction in CS when compared with PC and SDG (P<.05) at all time intervals. The SR of GCHX increased (Ra:1.76, Sa:2.08) when compared with PC (Ra:0.89, Sa:1.12) and SDG (Ra:1.03, Sa:1.35) (Ra: P<.004 and Sa: P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial activity of GCHX against S aureus was better than that of SDG, but neither had an effect against C albicans. As for CS and SR, GCHX presented a decrease in properties when compared with PC and SDG but was within the American Dental Association #25 specification values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panmella Pereira Maciel
- Postgraduate student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Cíntia de Lima Gouveia
- Researcher, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Lima Marques
- Graduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira Maciel
- Researcher, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Muniz de Lima
- Researcher, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Ferreti Bonan
- Researcher, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Pernambuco, Brazil
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de Carvalho BMDF, Garcia BA, Gomes AKP, Alcantara DD, de Freitas Pontes KM. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as a Technique for Decontamination of Acrylic Resin Devices Provided by Different Dental Laboratories. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e8. [PMID: 37089770 PMCID: PMC10114022 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Dentures, occlusal splints, surgical guides and orthodontic appliances are examples of acrylic resin devices made in dental laboratories, which must be disinfected and even sterilized before insertion into the oral cavity. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applied to acrylic resin specimens received from different laboratories. Methods: Three hundred standardized specimens were ordered from six randomly selected laboratories registered in the Council of Dentistry of Ceará (n=50). The PDT consisted in the association of 22 µM erythrosine, as a photosensitizer (P), and a 520-nm LED at 38 J/cm2 (L). The specimens of each laboratory were randomly distributed into five groups: positive control, sterilized with ethylene oxide; negative control, untreated (P-L-); erythrosine control, only stained (P+L-); LED control, only irradiated (P-L+); PDT (P+L+). Then, the specimens were individually sonicated in saline solution; the suspension was diluted, plated on culture mediums (blood agar, sabouraud dextrose agar and a non-selective chromogenic agar), and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Colony-forming-unit (CFU) counts were done and statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn were carried out. Results: The specimens from all laboratories were contaminated with bacteria and yeasts. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp. were identified. The PDT significantly reduced CFU counts (P<0.0001), compared to P-L-. Conclusion: PDT was able to effectively decontaminate the acrylic resin specimens provided from dental laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Albuquerque Garcia
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida (College of Dentistry), 1395 Center Drive, POBOX 100424 - 62610, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aghata Kelma Palacio Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Ceará Federal University (UFC), Monsenhor Furtado Street – Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-350, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dourado Alcantara
- Dentistry and Nursing, Ceará Federal University (UFC), Monsenhor Furtado Street - Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-350, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Karina Matthes de Freitas Pontes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Ceará Federal University (UFC), Monsenhor Furtado Street – Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-350, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence to Karina Matthes de Freitas Pontes,
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A Review on Risk Management of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Infection in Dental Practice: Focus on Prosthodontics and All-Ceramic Materials. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: A novel β-coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan city, spreading rapidly to other countries and leading to a pandemic. Dental professionals and patients are exposed to a high risk of COVID-19 infection, particularly in the prosthodontic practice, because of the bio-aerosol produced during teeth preparation with dental handpieces and the strict contact with oral fluids during impression making. This paper aimed to provide an overview to limit the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infections during prosthetic procedures in dental offices. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on the electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Dynamed, and Open Grey with the following queries: (COVID-19) AND/OR (SARS-CoV-2) AND/OR (Coronavirus) AND/OR (contaminated surface) AND/OR (cross-infection) AND/OR (Prosthodontics) AND/OR (dental ceramic) AND/OR (glass-ceramic). A manual search was performed as well. Results: From the 1023 collected records, 32 papers were included. Conclusions: Dental offices are at high risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the close contact with patients and continuous exposure to saliva during dental procedures. Therefore, pre-check triages via telephone, decontamination, the disinfection of impressions, the sterilization of scanner tips, and the use of specific personal protective equipment, dental high-speed handpieces with dedicated anti-retraction valves, and effective mouthwashes are strongly recommended.
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Siqueira R, Galli M, Chen Z, Mendonça G, Meirelles L, Wang HL, Chan HL. Intraoral scanning reduces procedure time and improves patient comfort in fixed prosthodontics and implant dentistry: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6517-6531. [PMID: 34568955 PMCID: PMC8475874 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate whether intraoral scanning (IOS) is able to reduce working time and improve patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) compared to conventional impression (CI) techniques, taking into account the size of the scanned area. The secondary aim was to verify the effectiveness of IOS procedures based on available prosthodontic outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic and manual literature searches were performed to collect evidence concerning the outcomes of IOS and CI performed during the treatment of partially and complete edentulous patients for tooth- or implant-supported restorations. Qualitative analysis was conducted to evaluate the time efficiency and PROMs produced by the two different techniques. Clinical prosthodontic outcomes were analyzed among the included studies when available. RESULTS Seventeen studies (9 randomized controlled trials and 8 prospective clinical studies) were selected for qualitative synthesis. The 17 included studies provided data from 430 IOS and 370 CI performed in 437 patients. A total of 7 different IOS systems and their various updated versions were used for digital impressions. The results demonstrated that IOS was overall faster than CI independent of whether quadrant or complete-arch scanning was utilized, regardless of the nature of the restoration (tooth or implant supported). IOS was generally preferred over CI regardless of the size of the scanned area and nature of the restoration (tooth- or implant-supported). Similar prosthodontic outcomes were reported for workflows implementing CI and IOS. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this systematic review, IOS is faster than CI, independent of whether a quadrant or complete arch scan is conducted. IOS can improve the patient experience measured by overall preference and comfort and is able to provide reliable prosthodontic outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reduced procedure working time associated with the use of IOS can improve clinical efficiency and the patient experience during impression procedures. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are an essential component of evidence-based dental practice as they allow the evaluation of therapeutic modalities from the perspective of the patient. IOS is generally preferred by patients over conventional impressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Siqueira
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Matthew Galli
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Chen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luiz Meirelles
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
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Hsu KL, Balhaddad AA, Martini Garcia I, Collares FM, Dhar V, DePaola L, Melo MA. 3D cone-beam C.T. imaging used to determine the effect of disinfection protocols on the dimensional stability of full arch impressions. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:453-461. [PMID: 34803286 PMCID: PMC8589573 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography assessed the dimensional stability of impressions. The two common impression materials: alginate or polyvinylsiloxane were evaluated. Five commercial disinfectant agents were tested on materials’ stability. All disinfectant agents did not affect materials’ stability.
Aim This study aimed to investigate the dimensional stability of irreversible hydrocolloid and polyvinylsiloxane (P.V.S.) impressions after exposure to four commercial disinfectants using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods Two different impression materials were tested: irreversible hydrocolloid and P.V.S. Four disinfection solutions were applied: BirexSE, Opti-Cide3, COEfect MinuteSpray, and CaviCide Spray. Distilled water was used as a control group. Each solution remained in contact with the impression for 5 min. Additional contact time of 5 min compromises time for scanning. The materials were evaluated for dimensional stability after the impression of a maxillary complete edentulous template via CBCT before and after being in contact with the disinfectant agents. Measurements were assessed on the digital models from A-B, B-C, and C-A points. Paired analyses (Wilcoxon Signed Rank test or paired Student's t-test) were used to analyze each measurement before and after the contact with the disinfectant agents. The variance for each measurement was also analyzed via a one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis. Results Overall, there were no statistical differences among the points measurements in the irreversible hydrocolloid or P.V.S. between initial and final assessments (p > 0.05). The used disinfectant agents in this study did not influence each measurement's variation on irreversible hydrocolloid or P.V.S. (p > 0.05). All agents showed an effect on the dimensional stability of both impression materials. The differences in the three dimensions ranged between 0.34 and 1.54%. Conclusion Within 10 min of removing the impression from the master cast, is study's findings indicated that the four commercially available disinfectants did not influence the dimensional stability of irreversible hydrocolloid or P.V.S. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the antimicrobial effect of these solutions applied as a spray on the surface of irreversible hydrocolloid and P.V.S. impressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Ling Hsu
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Vineet Dhar
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Louis DePaola
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Manikyamba YJB, Rama Raju AV, Suresh Sajjan MC, Bhupathi PA, Rao DB, Raju JVVSN. An evaluation of antimicrobial potential of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material incorporated with chitosan. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2020; 20:297-303. [PMID: 33223700 PMCID: PMC7654205 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_50_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material manipulated using chitosan impregnated solution at various time intervals. Setting and Design: Evaluative invivo study design. Materials and Methods: Maxillary impressions made for 20 dentulous volunteers using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material manipulated using distilled water as control and using 1% chitosan impregnated solution as test group using stock metal trays with one-week interval. Bacterial samples were collected using dry sterile cotton swab in the mid-palatal region at the time intervals of 0, 10, 20 minutes. Bacterial swabs were inoculated on nutrient agar media and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. Bacterial colonies were counted with the aid of colony counter. Statistical Analysis Used: The resultant data was subjected to statistical analysis using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t test. Results: Adding water soluble chitosan to irreversible hydrocolloid impression material resulted in superior antimicrobial activity. With the passage of time there was a significant decrease in the microbial colony count upto 10min (p=0.016). However, the rate of decrease of microbial colony count was statistically insignificant between the samples collected at 10 and 20 min. Conclusion: Incorporation of water soluble chitosan to irreversible hydrocolloid impression material showed significant antimicrobial activity in 10 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A V Rama Raju
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M C Suresh Sajjan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Arun Bhupathi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jampana V V S N Raju
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Pulmonary Alterations Among Workers in a Dental Prosthesis Laboratory: Exploring High Dust Concentrations and Novel Findings of Bacterial Genera in the Workplace to Achieve Improved Control. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:930-936. [PMID: 32796256 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pulmonary alterations in workers from a dental prosthesis laboratory and explore dust and bacterial dissemination generated in the laboratory. METHODS Spirometry and computerized axial tomography were performed on 67 workers. Dust in workplace air was determined using the filtration-gravimetric method, and bacterial detection was explored using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Pulmonary alterations were detected in 37% of the workers. Airborne dust concentrations were determined to be higher than the maximum permissible exposure limit, and bacterial detection analysis revealed 23 bacterial genera. The most frequently detected bacterial genus was Sphingomonas sp., which has been described as microbiota associated with disease of the oral cavity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the importance of the implementation of biosecurity measures, improvement of ventilation systems, and routine disinfection of dental impressions.
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Papi P, Di Murro B, Penna D, Pompa G. Digital prosthetic workflow during COVID-19 pandemic to limit infection risk in dental practice. Oral Dis 2020; 27 Suppl 3:723-726. [PMID: 32460440 PMCID: PMC7283773 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Papi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Di Murro
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Penna
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pompa
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Asopa SJ, Padiyar UN, Verma S, Suri P, Somayaji NS, Radhakrishnan IC. Effect of heat sterilization and chemical method of sterilization on the polyvinyl siloxane impression material. A comparative study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1348-1353. [PMID: 32509614 PMCID: PMC7266257 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1122_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental impression is a crucial part of the process of constructing a well-fitting prosthesis. In the clinical scenario, impressions can act as a vehicle for the transfer of bacteria and fungi. Therefore, an attempt was made to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of the newly introduced polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material upon autoclaving and comparing it to the traditional means of chemical disinfection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative in vitro study was conducted. Three groups were made for testing different sterilization methods. The sample size for the study was kept as 30 observations in each of the three groups. Test samples were prepared by making an impression of the die using the putty-wash technique. Statistical analysis was done by applying unpaired t-test, paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD). Results: Initial mean of samples of group I were compared to A (actual measurement of metal ruled block = 24.960), a dimensional change of 1.6% was found. Similarly, in group II, a change of 1.59% was found and in group III the change was 1.7%. There was mean shrinkage of 24.557 mm in group I, 24.586 mm in group II, and 24.535 mm in group III and these changes were found statistically significant. Conclusion: Dimensional changes in the impression material after disinfection with 2% glutaraldehyde were considered high compared to autoclaving and, hence, it may not be advisable to disinfect this material with 2% glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi Asopa
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - U Narendra Padiyar
- Professor and Dean, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumit Verma
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Prerna Suri
- Private Practitioner and Consultant Orthodontist, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagaveni S Somayaji
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Al Shikh A, Milosevic A. Effectiveness of Alcohol and Aldehyde Spray Disinfectants on Dental Impressions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:25-30. [PMID: 32104101 PMCID: PMC7025651 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s233336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gold standard for disinfection of dental impressions is by immersion although spray techniques are also available. This study compared the effectiveness of alcohol and aldehyde spray disinfectants on analogue dental impressions in a hospital setting. Materials and Methods Impressions were swabbed after removal from the mouth (pre-disinfection) and after spraying (post-disinfection) with either a non-aldehyde alcohol-based disinfectant, Bossklein (Silsden, W Yorks, BD20 0EF, UK) or a glutaraldehyde-based alcohol-free disinfectant, MD520 (Dürr Dental, 74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany). Swabs were transported to the microbiology laboratory in Amies medium and plated onto sheep blood agar within 2 hrs. Plates were incubated for 3 days at 37°C then at room temperature for 3 days. After incubation, all plates were examined for microbial growth. Results A total of 87 impressions were assessed (alginate = 41; poly-vinyl siloxane (PVS) = 31; polyether = 15). The counts were categorized into two groups: no growth or growth present. Post-disinfection contamination was present on six alginate and six PVS impressions but only one polyether impression (x2 = 1.27, P > 0.05, NSS). Analysis of post-disinfection growth according to impression and disinfectant found significantly more contaminated PVS impressions with the alcohol-based spray than with the aldehyde spray (x2 = 5.37, p < 0.05). Disinfection with the aldehyde-based spray resulted in only two contaminated impressions, both in alginate. Conclusion Alcohol-based spray disinfection of dental impressions may be less effective than aldehyde spray and full immersion of impressions is recommended. Careful wetting or soaking of all surfaces of impressions is very important when using a spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Al Shikh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU) of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander Milosevic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU) of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Vázquez-Rodríguez I, Rodríguez-López M, Blanco-Hortas A, Santana-Mora UA. Online audiovisual resources for learning the disinfection protocol for dental impressions: A critical analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:559-564. [PMID: 31952861 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Mainly because of poor training, substandard impression disinfection practices have been reported worldwide. PURPOSE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the extension, usefulness, and reliability of contents on this topic available on the main video websites for self-training. MATERIAL AND METHODS An analysis of the YouTube, Vimeo, and Dailymotion websites was undertaken in February 2018. The exclusion criteria were animal procedures, non-English language videos, advertisements, videos exclusively redirecting to websites, soundless videos, duplicated videos, and videos reporting on a research project. Information extension was assessed in 6 nonmutually exclusive dimensions, and usefulness was evaluated by using a 10-item scale. Reliability was assessed on a reliable or nonreliable basis. Statistical analyses were undertaken by using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Of 386 identified videos, only 22 met the selection criteria, mostly published by health-care professionals (n=8; 36.4%). Most videos had less than 3000 views. Median usefulness score: 3 (IR: 3-3; range: 0-6). No video included all 7 topics considered in the index (median 3; IR: 2.25-3; range: 0-4). Just 5 clips (22.7%) described a procedure according to the American Dental Association and Center for Disease Control (ADA and CDC) guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Audiovisual online resources on dental impression disinfection includes incomplete information with limited usefulness and reliability. The number of views was not related to quality, and therefore, many viewers may be obtaining knowledge from substandard material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Doctoral student, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Melina Rodríguez-López
- Doctoral student, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Urbano A Santana-Mora
- Associate Professor, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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Innovation by Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Technology: A Look at Infection Prevention in Dental Settings. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6092018. [PMID: 31467901 PMCID: PMC6699473 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent data indicates limited awareness and compliance on infection prevention procedures by dental offices and by dental laboratories. Guidelines for infection prevention in dentistry have been published by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention since 2003; the section “IX-Special consideration” includes a subsection concerning the prevention in dental laboratories, but it has not been modernised in later versions to fit the needs of traditional and computer-aided technology. Traditional techniques required disinfecting items (impression, chewing waxes, and appliances) with well-suited products, which are also chosen for limiting impression changes or appliance deterioration. Effective procedures are available with difficulties. Some of these contain irritant or non-eco-friendly disinfectants. The transport of impression, to dental laboratories, is often delayed with limited precautions for limiting cross-infection. Gypsum casts are frequently contaminated mainly by bacteria and their antibiotic-resistant strains and even stored for long periods during dental implant supported restoration and orthodontic therapy, becoming a hidden source of infection. Nowadays, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology seems to be an interesting way to promote both business and safety, being more comfortable for patients and more accurate than traditional technology. A further advantage is easier infection prevention since, for the most part, mainly digital impression and casts are not a source of cross-infection and the transport of contaminated items is reduced and limited to try-in stages. Nevertheless, a peculiar feature is that a digital electronic file is of course unalterable, but may be ruined by a computer virus. Additionally, the reconditioning of scanner tips is determinant for the optical characteristics and long term use of the scanner, but information for its reconditioning from producers is often limited. This study focuses on some critical points including (a) insufficient guidelines, (b) choice of proper procedure for scanner reconditioning, and (c) data protection in relation to patient privacy.
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Al Mortadi N, Al-Khatib A, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF. Disinfection of dental impressions: knowledge and practice among dental technicians. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11:103-108. [PMID: 31191035 PMCID: PMC6511629 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s205144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental impressions are a common source for transmission of infection between dental clinics and dental labs. Dental impressions can be cross-contaminated by patient's saliva and blood, which then cross-infect the dental casts poured from the impressions. Objective: To evaluate the current practices of disinfection of dental impressions and their protocols and to assess the knowledge of cross-infection control among dental technicians in Jordan. Method: Dental technicians (n=85) completed a self-administered questionnaire about their practices of disinfection for dental impressions. Results: The distribution of dental technicians was 63.8% fixed prosthodontics, 23.5% removable prosthodontics, 7.8% orthodontics, and 4.8% maxillofacial prosthodontics. The majority of the laboratories did not have instructions related to disinfection of impressions. About 50% of technicians were vaccinated against HBV. About 44.7%, and 42.9% of labs reported that they never disinfect alginate or silicon impressions, respectively. In addition, the majority of lab owners (53%) believed that the dentist should disinfect the impressions before shipping them to dental laboratories, while (45%) believed that disinfecting the impressions is the responsibility of the dental assistant. Moreover, about 38% of this study population reported not using gloves in their labs. In those labs were disinfection was used, 51% used spray disinfection whereas 32.6% used immersion disinfection. The cost of disinfectant was ranked as the most important factor (51.3% of the cases) for the dental technician to choose the disinfectant followed by its effectiveness. Conclusion: Dental technician practices in impression disinfection was not satisfactory, therefore, education programs about impression disinfection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Al Mortadi
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aceil Al-Khatib
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Vázquez-Rodríguez I, Estany-Gestal A, Seoane-Romero J, Mora MJ, Varela-Centelles P, Santana-Mora U. Quality of cross-infection control in dental laboratories. A critical systematic review. Int J Qual Health Care 2018; 30:496-507. [PMID: 29635417 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify reported practices for cross-infection control in dental laboratories and to quantify the importance of the flaws encountered. Data sources Systematic search (cross-infection AND dental laboratory) at EMBASE, PubMed, SciELO and Scopus databases. Study selection Papers reporting on cross-sectional studies providing original data about cross-infection knowledge, practices and attitudes of dental technicians. Papers reporting on a single laboratory or institution were excluded. Data extraction Data extraction was undertaken independently by three reviewers using a purpose made form. The outcome of this study was analyzed in five aspects, namely process organization, disinfection, working environment, use of individual protective equipment and vaccination policy. Results of data synthesis The systematic search output was 1651 references and 11 papers were finally selected. Flaws were more frequently identified in terms of vaccination policy, biological safety of the working environment and use of individual protective equipment (100%). Slightly better results were found in terms of organization of the cross-infection control process (89.47%) and disinfection practices (85.71%). The application of the formula for disclosing the relative importance of the flaws identified in the literature prioritizes the need for interventions aimed at improving the organization of the cross-infection control procedures, followed by training in item disinfection. The control of the working environment together with the use of individual protective equipments rank closely in importance, followed by the existence of a vaccination policy. Conclusions Sub-standard cross-contamination practices seem to be a common finding in dental laboratories, which may well compromise the quality of certain dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Estany-Gestal
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Ramón Domínguez Foundation for R+D+i in Healthcare Sciences. Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Seoane-Romero
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M J Mora
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Varela-Centelles
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CS Praza do Ferrol, EOXI Lugo, Cervo, e Monforte, Galician Health Service, Lugo, Spain
| | - U Santana-Mora
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Disinfection of polyvinyl siloxane impression material by gaseous ozone. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Savabi O, Nejatidanesh F, Bagheri KP, Karimi L, Savabi G. Prevention of Cross-contamination Risk by Disinfection of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Materials with Ozonated Water. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:37. [PMID: 29770172 PMCID: PMC5938899 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_143_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disinfection of dental impression is mandatory for preventing the cross infection between dental staff and dental laboratory. Ozone as a disinfectant can be used in various ways in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water for disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials and preventing cross-contamination. Methods: Thirty-two circular specimens (1 cm diameter and 2 mm thickness) of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material were made. Thirty specimens were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 51299), and Candida albicans (PTCC 5027). Except control samples (n = 2), the other specimens were immersed in ozonated water for 5 and 10 min (5 sample each group). Trypsin was used for separating microorganisms. Diluted microbial solution was analyzed microbiologically for colony-forming units (CFUs). Two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results: The number of CFUs after disinfection with ozonated water was decreased significantly (11.84%, 61.55%, and 20.27% after 5 min and 11.03%, 14.50%, and 16.99% after 10 min for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively) (P < 0.001). Increasing the time of disinfection resulted in significant reduction in a number of S. aureus only (P < 0.001) although they did not vanish microorganisms completely. Conclusions: Immersion of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material in ozonated water for 10 min will not lead to complete disinfection but decreases the microorganisms to a level that can prevent infection transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Savabi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Nejatidanesh
- Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Leila Karimi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Student's Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghazal Savabi
- Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ginjupalli K, Alla R, Shaw T, Tellapragada C, Kumar Gupta L, Nagaraja Upadhya P. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Zinc oxide and Copper oxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial additives in alginate impression materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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MOURA CDVSD, VASCONCELOS US, SILVA TSDO, SILVA ÂARID, MARANDUBA ECCSA, PACHECO DDS, MESQUITA ABDS. Análise da eficácia antimicrobiana do ácido peracético na desinfecção de moldes de hidrocoloide irreversível. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.27915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução Nos últimos anos, o ácido peracético tem sido utilizado na Odontologia para desinfecção de moldes de hidrocoloide irreversível. Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana do ácido peracético nas técnicas de nebulização e pulverização, em moldes de hidrocoloide irreversível. Material e método Oitenta moldes de hemiarcos de voluntários foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais (n=20), com respectivos controles. Os moldes foram submetidos à desinfecção por dez minutos com ácido peracético 0,2% e hipoclorito de sódio 1%, pelos métodos de nebulização, com atmosfera de 100% de umidade relativa, e pulverização. Após desinfecção, cada molde foi imerso em solução salina e submetido à vibração ultrassônica para dispersão de possíveis microrganismos. Para análise microbiológica desta solução, foi realizada contagem de colônias que cresceram em meio de cultura estéril BHI-ágar após 24 h em estufa incubadora a 37°C. Resultado Em todos os grupos, foi significante a diferença no número médio de colônias decorrentes da análise estatística do controle e do grupo experimental correspondente (p<0,05). Comparando-se o ácido peracético (0,2%) nos dois métodos, não houve diferença significativa (p=0,420); no entanto, comparando-se o hipoclorito de sódio (1%) nos dois métodos, a diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,010). No mesmo método e com soluções diferentes, a nebulização com ácido peracético 0,2% foi mais eficaz que o hipoclorito de sódio 1% (p=0,030). Conclusão Ácido peracético 0,2% pode ser usado para desinfecção de moldes de hidrocoloide irreversível nos métodos de pulverização e nebulização. Hipoclorito de sódio 1% mostrou ser mais eficaz quando se usou o método de pulverização.
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Barker CS, Soro V, Dymock D, Sandy JR, Ireland AJ. Microbial contamination of laboratory constructed removable orthodontic appliances. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:2193-202. [PMID: 24532387 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine whether laboratory constructed removable orthodontic appliances are free from microbial contamination prior to clinical use and to evaluate the dental hospital cross-infection procedures to ensure that patient-derived contamination does not enter the construction process, thereby propagating a cycle of cross-contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The construction process of removable orthodontic appliances from three individuals was evaluated at every stage, from impression to final delivery of the appliance using molecular microbiological techniques. The bacterial profiles at each stage of appliance construction were obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, along with the bacterial profiles of the three participants' saliva. This enabled the bacterial profiles found at each stage of construction to be compared directly with the saliva of the person for whom the appliance was being constructed. Bacteria were identified at each stage using 16S rDNA PCR amplification and sequence phylogeny. RESULTS There was no evidence of bacterial cross-contamination from patients to the laboratory. The current process of disinfection of impression appears to be adequate. Contamination was found on the final removable appliances (0.97 × 10(2)-1.52 × 10(3) cfu ml(-1)), and this contamination occurred from within the laboratory itself. CONCLUSIONS Every effort is made to reduce potential cross-infection to patients and dental professionals. Newly constructed removable appliances were shown not to be free from contamination with bacteria prior to clinical use, but this contamination is environmental. Further studies would be required to determine the level of risk this poses to patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental professionals have a duty of care to minimise or eradicate potential risks of cross-infection to patients and other members of the team. To date, much less attention has been paid to contamination from the orthodontic laboratory, so contamination and infection risks are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Barker
- Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK,
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Sakalauskienė J. Viability changes: Microbiological analysis of dental casts. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:932-7. [PMID: 24902637 PMCID: PMC4061146 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the survival of the most prevalent oral bacteria and fungi (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans) in dental casts, and compared changes in the amounts of these microorganisms at different time intervals to determine how long dental casts may pose threat to the health of dental personnel and patients. Material/Methods When manufacturing the casts, regular water was replaced with sterile distilled water, where suspensions of the studied bacteria or the fungus at certain concentrations were prepared. When the dental casts were fully set (solidified), plaster shavings were examined immediately after the contact of the studied microorganism with the plaster, as well as after 1, 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Following that, we measured how the amount of the studied bacteria and fungi in 1 gram of the plaster changed within the studied period of time. Results Klebsiella pneumoniae survived in plaster for up to 4 days, and the reduction in the number of these bacteria became statistically significant after 1 day (p<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus remained viable in plaster for up to 4 days, and the number of these bacteria dropped after 1 day (p<0.05). Escherichia coli disappeared after 2 days, and a reduction was already observed after 2 hours (p<0.05). Candida albicans in plaster models died within 2 days, and a reduction in their number was observed after 1 day (p<0.05). Conclusions The microorganisms did not multiply in the gypsum casts and their number significantly dropped instead of increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgina Sakalauskienė
- Faculty of Odontology, Clinic of Dental and Maxillary Orthopedics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Dreesen K, Kellens A, Wevers M, Thilakarathne PJ, Willems G. The influence of mixing methods and disinfectant on the physical properties of alginate impression materials. Eur J Orthod 2012; 35:381-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Almortadi N, Chadwick RG. Disinfection of dental impressions - compliance to accepted standards. Br Dent J 2011; 209:607-11. [PMID: 21169966 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The responsibility of ensuring impressions have been cleaned and disinfected before dispatch to the dental laboratory lies solely with the dentist. Uncertainty of impression disinfection risks both the health of the receiving dental technician and potential repeat disinfection of an already disinfected impression with detrimental consequences for its dimensions. OBJECTIVE To ascertain, from the perspectives of dentists and dental technicians, current impression decontamination and disinfection practices with, in the case of the technicians, an estimate of the relative prevalence of contaminated voids within apparently disinfected impressions. DESIGN Anonymous postal questionnaire. METHOD Dentist (n = 200) and dental technician (n = 200) potential participants, selected at random from the registers held by the General Dental Council, were invited to complete an anonymous postal questionnaire that sought to establish current practices and perceived effectiveness of impression disinfection. RESULTS Questionnaire return rates of 42.1% and 31.2% were recorded for dentists and dental technicians respectively. A wide range of solutions, at different dilutions of the same product, was used by the dentists to disinfect dental impressions. 37.2% rinsed the impressions with water, and 2.6% always brushed debris away, before disinfection. 24.7% of dentists did not inform the laboratory of disinfection. Irrespective of the disinfection status of the received impressions, 50% of the responding dental technicians disinfected all impressions. 95% of them had received blood-contaminated impressions. 15% had encountered blood-filled voids upon trimming back the peripheries of impressions. 64.7% were confident that the impressions received by them had been disinfected by the dentists. CONCLUSIONS Compliance with good practice is less than ideal and education in impression disinfection for both dentists and dental technicians is required to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Almortadi
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Kotsiomiti E, Tzialla A, Hatjivasiliou K. Accuracy and stability of impression materials subjected to chemical disinfection - a literature review. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:291-9. [PMID: 18321265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Disinfection of impressions by immersion or spraying with disinfecting solutions is considered nowadays mandatory for effective infection control. The purpose of this review was to examine existing evidence on the effects that chemical disinfection may have on critical qualities of impressions, namely dimensional accuracy and stability over time. A PubMed search was conducted to include original laboratory research articles written in English, published between 1980 and 2005 in peer-reviewed journals and investigating the effect of chemical disinfection, by immersion or spraying, on the dimensional changes that the impression materials experience after setting. Studies were also sought manually, by tracing the references cited in the retrieved articles. The reports on dimensional changes of disinfected impression materials, although rather numerous, are difficult to compare and analyze because of variations of the experimental design. The investigations broadly agree that the disinfection process does not generally affect the dimensional integrity of the impressions, in spite of the statistically significant differences occasionally found. However, the immersion in the disinfecting solution encourages water absorption phenomena in the case of the so-called hydrophilic impression materials, especially after the long-term immersion. Chemical interactions between impressions and disinfectants may occur, but they do not appear to influence the dimensional behaviour of the former. The overall effect of the disinfection is influenced not only by the changes experienced by the impression per se, but also by the alterations of the acrylic tray containing the impression and of the gypsum product poured in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kotsiomiti
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, The Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Nawaf Al-Dwairi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Jordan University of Science and Technology
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Pandis N, Pandis BD, Pandis V, Eliades T. Occupational hazards in orthodontics: A review of risks and associated pathology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 132:280-92. [PMID: 17826595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review the occupational hazards related to the practice of orthodontics. A systematic approach was used to include all risks involved in an orthodontic practice. The classification of hazards was based on major sources of risks by system or tissue and by orthodontic office area (dental chair, laboratory, sterilization area, x-ray developing area). Potentially hazardous factors relate to the general practice setting; to specific materials and tools that expose the operator to vision and hearing risks; to chemical substances with known allergenic, toxic, or irritating actions; to increased microbial counts and silica particles of the aerosols produced during debonding; to ergonomic considerations that might have an impact on the provider's muscoleskeletal system; and to psychological stress with proven undesirable sequelae. The identification and elimination of these risk factors should be incorporated into a standard practice management program as an integral part of orthodontic education. Professional organizations can also assist in informing practitioners of potential hazards and methods to deal with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Martin N, Martin MV, Jedynakiewicz NM. The dimensional stability of dental impression materials following immersion in disinfecting solutions. Dent Mater 2007; 23:760-8. [PMID: 17353045 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This investigation examined the effect of several disinfectant systems upon the dimensional stability of a range of common dental impression materials. A new disinfection process based upon hypochlorous acid was one of those examined (Sterilox). METHODS Test specimens of commercially available impression materials from the following categories were investigated: alginates, addition-cured silicones, condensation-cured silicones and polyether. Three disinfection regimes were tested: sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, Perform ID and Sterilox. A custom-built automatic laser micrometer was used to measure the dimensions of sample discs of the test materials before disinfection, immediately after and then following 24h storage. Analysis of variance was employed to identify statistically significant differences within groups and across groups. RESULTS All the disinfection routines tested resulted in acceptable levels of dimensional stability within the category of normal use of each impression material. All the materials tested can be disinfected with 10% Sterilox without undergoing unacceptable levels of dimensional change. SIGNIFICANCE All the disinfection routines tested resulted in acceptable levels of dimensional stability within the category of normal use of each impression material.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martin
- Department of Adult Dental Care, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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