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Yadav R, Patil RB, Umbare DK, Vajpayee A, Thakur PR, Chauhan I. Quality of Life of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients before and after Primary Treatment. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S1093-S1096. [PMID: 37693965 PMCID: PMC10485519 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_208_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) is a serious global health problem, with estimated more than 550,000 new cases and 300,000 deaths annually. More than 90% of these malignancies are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods Patients selected were asked to fill the detailed structured case history proforma and thorough clinical examination, structured, pre-designed, pre-evaluated (UW-QOL) UW Questionnaire version 4 on quality of life (QOL) of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients containing thirteen subjective questionnaires and three global questionnaires. All the patients of OSCC after one month (1 month) of radiation and chemotherapy were assessed for quality of life by questionnaire. Result Post-treatment QOL assessment of OSCC patients reveals a number of problems such as chewing, swallowing, saliva, lack of activity, and mood disturbances. Preoperative clinical features including tumor site, tumor stage, and extent of mouth opening have a significant impact on post-treatment problems in different ways. Conclusion The need to balance clinician's need and use of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) data against patient's burden should be considered in the selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Yadav
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MGV’S KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul B. Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rural Dental College, PIMS (DU), Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhiraj K. Umbare
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rural Dental College, PIMS (DU), Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akhilesh Vajpayee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pranay R. Thakur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rishiraj College of Dental Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Isha Chauhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, India
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Alshami ML, Al‐Maliky MA, Alsagban AA, Alshaeli AJ. Epidemiology and incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Iraqi population over 5 years (2014-2018). Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1205. [PMID: 37064317 PMCID: PMC10090270 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and life-threatening neoplasms worldwide, and is responsible for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. Aim This study was aimed at providing updated information on oral squamous cell carcinoma in all Iraqi governorates for the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018, including the annual incidence and demographic variables. Materials and Methods The total number of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Iraq, along with associated demographic information (age, sex, and site), for the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 was obtained. The statistical analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, including frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. A χ 2 test was performed to compare frequencies between male and female patients, among age groups, and among different OSCC sites. The χ 2 test was also used to assess the association of each OSCC site with age and sex. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05, and the confidence interval was set at 95%. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma for each year was calculated by dividing the number of OSCC cases per year by the population of Iraq, then multiplying the result by 100,000. Results A total of 722 cases were recorded. Statistically, oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be more prevalent in males and individuals over 40 years of age. The tongue was the most common site of occurrence. Lip squamous cell carcinoma cases were high in males. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma was estimated to be 0.4 per 100,000 people. Conclusion Males and older people are at relatively higher risk of developing oral cancer. The tongue is the most affected site, but any site in the oral cavity may be involved. Further exploration of the causes of oral malignancy in Iraq is necessary to improve prevention strategies.
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Shadid RM, Habash G. Knowledge, Opinions, and Practices of Oral Cancer Prevention among Palestinian Practicing Dentists: An Online Cross-Sectional Questionnaire. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071005. [PMID: 37046929 PMCID: PMC10094010 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral-health professionals play a critical role in the early recognition and prevention of oral cancer; however, most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stages that demonstrate poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, opinions, and clinical practices of practicing dentists related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal screening in Palestine. This research used an online cross-sectional questionnaire design. Practicing dentists in Palestine completed the 44-item questionnaire encompassing the following four sections: (a) personal data (6 items); (b) oral cancer knowledge (21 items); (c) opinions and beliefs related to oral cancer (10 items); and (d) clinical practices related to oral cancer (7 items). The questionnaire was sent to all eligible participants (N = 650) between July and September of 2022. The response rate was 39.1% (N = 254). About 70.1% of the respondents had poor knowledge of oral cancer and its risk factors, and almost 84.3% had positive opinions related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal screening. Concerning the clinical practices, only 29.9% routinely examined their patients every time their patients visited. More experienced dentists showed significantly more positive opinions and better clinical practices related to oral cancer prevention and screening; however, they had significantly lower knowledge scores compared with the younger dentists (p < 0.05). Inadequate training was the most reported perceived boundary against routine oral cancer screening. Palestinian dentists appeared to have positive opinions related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal screening. However, the assessment of the knowledge and clinical practices revealed deficiencies in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Muhammed Shadid
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
- American Academy of Implant Dentistry (Private Practice), Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ghassan Habash
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Arab American University, Ramallah P.O. Box 240, Palestine
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Salam T. A. A, Varghese SS, Shenoy RP. The Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) Procedure for Population Groups and Individuals. Cureus 2023; 15:e36324. [PMID: 37077594 PMCID: PMC10108976 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their complex epidemiology and etiology, cervical abrasions usually manifest with concealing symptoms. The buccolingual dimension of the sore is considered the most important metric to rank the damage and evaluate its long-term prognosis. In this piece, we will break this down and offer the Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN), a simple grouping structure based on the clinical presentation of the sore that may be used to establish a basic, useful, treatment-based order. CAITN is the practical approach to routine screening and recording cervical abrasion lesions. The index provides epidemiologists, public health professionals, and practitioners with a practical means of assessing the treatment needs (TN) of cervical abrasion.
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5
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Shadid RM, Abu Ali MA, Kujan O. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oral cancer prevention among dental students and interns: an online cross‑sectional questionnaire in Palestine. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:381. [PMID: 36064693 PMCID: PMC9446528 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is frequently characterized with an aggressive behavior and an unfavorable prognosis; however, it is generally associated with promising prognosis if detected early. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward oral cancer prevention among dental students and interns; and to investigate the factors that influence their practices of oral cancer screening or prevention. Material and methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted between March and April of 2022 on the fourth- and fifth-year undergraduate dental students and interns in the College of Dentistry at Arab American University in Palestine. A 48-item questionnaire which has 4 sections: demographics, knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward oral cancer prevention and early detection was sent to all eligible participants (N = 570). Results The response rate was 68.7% (N = 351). About 66.8% of the respondents had poor knowledge about oral cancer and its risk factors, and 85.5% had a poor practice of oral cancer early detection and prevention; however, the majority of the respondents (81.1%) had shown favorable attitudes toward oral cancer prevention. Interns had significantly better knowledge and attitude scores compared to the undergraduate dental students (P < 0.05). Lack of training, time, confidence, and effectiveness were stated among the barriers to oral cancer screening. Conclusions Most of the participants surveyed in this study appeared to lack adequate knowledge and skills in oral cancer prevention and early detection; however, they seemed to have good motivation and a good attitude toward oral cancer prevention training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Muhammed Shadid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Arab American University, P.O. Box: 240, Jenin, Palestinian Territory, Palestinian Territory. .,Private practice, Palestinian Territory, Palestinian Territory.
| | - Mohammad Amid Abu Ali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, College of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestinian Territory
| | - Omar Kujan
- Lead Discipline in Oral Pathology, UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Rahadiani N, Habiburrahman M, Handjari D, Stephanie M, Krisnuhoni E. Clinicopathological characteristics predicting advanced stage and surgical margin invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A single‑center study on 10 years of cancer registry data. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:364. [PMID: 36238853 PMCID: PMC9494421 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not previously been comprehensively reported in Indonesia. The present study aimed to identify clinicopathological characteristics of patients with OSCC according to sex and age, to analyze histological differentiation patterns specific to tumor subsites, to highlight the role of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in metastasis, and to develop a model to predict advanced stage and margin invasion. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using 581 medical records and pathological specimens from cancer registry data in the Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (Jakarta, Indonesia), between January 2011 and December 2020. Clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for eligible parameters, identified using bivariate analysis, to predict advanced stage and margin invasion. Calibration of the prediction model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, its discrimination value assessed using the receiver operating characteristic and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Sex-specific patterns in tumor subsites and differences in clinical staging according to age were demonstrated in the patients with OSCC. The proportion of well-differentiated cases was significantly higher in most tumor subsites, except in the buccal mucosa (more moderately differentiated cases) and floor of the mouth (well and moderately differentiated cases being equal). LVI was significantly associated with nodal metastasis but not distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age ≤45 years [odds ratio (OR), 2.26] and LVI (OR, 8.42) predicted patients having advanced-stage OSCC among general populations (AUC, 0.773); however, LVI (OR, 8.28) was the sole predictor of advanced stage amongst young patients (AUC, 0.737). Margin invasion was predicted solely by tumor subsite, including mouth not otherwise specified (OR, 3.04) and palate (OR, 6.13), in the general population (AUC, 0.711). Furthermore, margin invasion was predicted by the palate subsite (OR, 38.77) and LVI (OR, 11.61) in young patients (AUC, 0.762). Investigating young patients thoroughly when finding SCC in the mouth and palate, and assessing LVI, especially among young patients, is critical to prevent advanced staging and margin invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rahadiani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Habiburrahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Diah Handjari
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Marini Stephanie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Ening Krisnuhoni
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Republic of Indonesia
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Doll C, Mrosk F, Wuester J, Runge AS, Neumann F, Rubarth K, Heiland M, Kreutzer K, Voss J, Raguse JD, Koerdt S. Pattern of cervical lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper oral cavity – How to manage the neck. Oral Oncol 2022; 130:105898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prevalence and risk factors of potentially malignant disorders of the mucosa in the general population: Mucosa lesions a general health problem? Ann Anat 2021; 237:151724. [PMID: 33798694 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oral cancer mostly develops from oral mucosa regions with morphological alterations transforming malignant. These visible precancerous mucosa lesions are named potentially malignant disorders (PMD). We aimed to analyze the prevalence of PMD and its risk factors for PMD in a population-based sample in Northern Germany. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of 6078 individuals from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) was used. PMD were photographically documented and periodontal health was assessed in a standardized procedure. RESULTS PMD were observed in 54 individuals (0.9%). The most prevalent PMD was homogenous leukoplakia (n = 37) followed by Lichen ruber (n = 9). Smoking (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-5.87), male sex (OR 3.32; 95%-CI: 1.77-6.21), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 2.07; 95%-CI: 1.08-3.98) and body mass index (OR 1.09; CI 1.04-1.14) were significantly associated with PMD, with the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) being 0.696 (CI: 0.655; 0.737). CONCLUSION Our results suggest a clinically relevant prevalence of PMD in the population. We identified male sex, type 2 diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and obesity as risk factors. We recommend photographic documentation and intensified training of medical and dental staff to detect and monitor PMD.
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Fuoad SAA, Mohammad DN, Hamied MAS, Garib BT. Oro-facial malignancy in north of Iraq: a retrospective study of biopsied cases. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:147. [PMID: 33752665 PMCID: PMC7986379 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the prevalence of orofacial malignancies is essential to provide health-care programs and services for a specific population. This study aimed to specify the prevalence, clinical and histopathological features of oral malignancies in Sulaimani for over 12 years. Methods All archived reports for orofacial specimens from 2008 to 2019 were collected from three major centers in Sulaimani governorate. The demographic data, date, type of surgery, lesion's site, and diagnosis were recorded. The ICD-10 coding was specified for each case. A Chi-square test was used to assess differences between genders. A one-way ANOVA test was applied to analyze the differences in mean age distributions among different sites of oral malignancies and oral squamous cell carcinoma histopathological grades. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Orofacial malignant lesions account for 14.53% of the total sample. Patients' mean age was (55.46 ± 18.48) years, and they were predominantly males (M: F ratio = 1.15:1). The tongue was the frequently affected site (14.8%). A Chi-square test showed no significant difference between genders concerning age (P = 0.118), years of registration (P = 0.28), and site (P = 0.29). The C06 (represents; cheek mucosa C06.0, the vestibule of mouth C06.1, retromolar area C06.2, and other unspecified parts of mouth C06.8) was the most frequent topographical ICD-code (18.1%). Carcinoma was a frequent malignancy (63.2%). OSCC was the most common lesion (56.4%). It commonly affects males, and the tongue was the frequent site (24.1%) followed by lip (17.8%).
Conclusions There is a slight increase in the registered oral malignancies in Sulaimani city over 12 years; they were predominated in males, in 61–70 years old patients, and being oral squamous cell carcinoma types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sura Ali Ahmed Fuoad
- Oral Medicine, Diagnostic and Surgical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Dena Nadhim Mohammad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Diagnosis Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Marwa Abdul-Salam Hamied
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Diagnosis Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Balkees Taha Garib
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral Diagnosis Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Algudaibi LY, AlMeaigel S, AlQahtani N, Shaheen NA, Aboalela A. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Knowledge, attitude and practices among medical and dental practitioners. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1349. [PMID: 33660423 PMCID: PMC8388168 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral and oropharyngeal cancer are significant health problems. They are both life‐threatening conditions usually diagnosed at an advanced stage causing survival rates to decline. Aim To assess and compare practices, knowledge and attitude regarding oral and oropharyngeal cancer between dental and medical practitioners. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of oral and oropharyngeal cancer among dental and medical practitioners at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 360 participants were included in the study using a convenient sampling technique. Participants were approached in their clinics and printed self‐administered questionnaire were handed over to them after signing a written consent form. Frequency distribution and Chi‐Square test were used for the statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at P value of .05 or less. Results A total of 174 participants responded. Assessment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer knowledge between dental practitioners and medical practitioners showed comparable results. Regarding practices, a significant difference was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra‐oral ulcer to consider urgent referral (P = .006) and in number of referrals made in relation to suspicious oral lesions (P = .002). Moreover, a significant difference (P = .006) was seen between medical practitioners and dental practitioners in determining the duration of intra‐oral ulcer to consider urgent referral. Conclusion Medical and dental practitioners showed areas of differences in practice, attitude and knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer that when addressed would lead to improved survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Yousef Algudaibi
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad AlMeaigel
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf AlQahtani
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naila A. Shaheen
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin‐Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Aboalela
- College of DentistryKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- National Guard Health AffairsRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Elaiwy O, El Ansari W, AlKhalil M, Ammar A. Epidemiology and pathology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a multi-ethnic population: Retrospective study of 154 cases over 7 years in Qatar. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:195-200. [PMID: 33163176 PMCID: PMC7610004 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral cancer (OC) is a neoplastic process of the oral cavity that has high mortality and significant effects on patients' aesthetics. The majority of OC is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and resection remains the most frequent treatment. Recurrence is the main cause of tumor-related mortality. Material and methods A retrospective review of patients' charts at Hamad Medical Corporation examined 154 adults who were diagnosed as OSCC and referred to the national head and neck cancer multi-disciplinary team meetings between 2012 and 2018. The data extracted was demographic, pathologic and clinical. All patients with oral cavity tumors other than squamous cell carcinoma were excluded. Results Males comprised the majority of the sample, mean age was 46.93 years. Tongue was the most common location. The majority of the patients were diagnosed at early stages, and a small subset of patients had histologically-proven local recurrence. Conclusion The young male predominance of OSCC patients in Qatar is unprecedented worldwide. Most patients were non-Qataris, mainly from South Asia. Loss of follow-up was a challenge in assessing the long-term outcomes of OSCC. Our findings suggest the need for a more vigilant surveillance approach to oral lesions particularly in male South-Asian patients, as well as improving the follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orwa Elaiwy
- Department of laboratory medicine and pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Moustafa AlKhalil
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adham Ammar
- Department of laboratory medicine and pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Sá MC, Conceição TS, de Moura Santos E, de Morais EF, Galvão HC, de Almeida Freitas R. Immunohistochemical expression of TFIIH and XPF in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 277:893-902. [PMID: 31828418 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The query for biomarkers that indicate tumor aggressiveness and the host's response to treatment is still one of the leading aims of cancer research. To investigate a possible role for DNA nucleotide repair proteins in oral cancer behavior, this study evaluated the immunoexpression of the proteins TFIIH and XPF and its association with clinical, histological, and survival parameters in oral tongue squamous-cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS TFIIH and XPF immunoexpressions were evaluated in 82 cases of oral tongue squamous-cell carcinoma. Tumor budding and depth of invasion were assessed for histopathological grading (BD model). RESULTS Tumor cells exhibited high expression of TFIIH and XPF, which was associated to nodal status; both proteins were not associated with other clinical parameters, histopathological grading or survival. Tumor size, nodal status, tumor staging, and depth of invasion > 4 mm were significantly associated to disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that the overexpression of TFIIH correlates positively with node metastasis, while XPF correlates negatively with node metastasis; therefore, the expression of XPF and TFIIH had a potential value for predicting the progression of OTSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melka Coêlho Sá
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Thalita Santana Conceição
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Edilmar de Moura Santos
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Everton Freitas de Morais
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
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13
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Arora M, Mane DR. Immunohistochemical expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:279-280. [PMID: 30158786 PMCID: PMC6097357 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_129_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expression has been noted in the cell membrane throughout the epithelium of the lesion, suggesting its increased expression. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the expression of EMMPRIN in the normal oral mucosa (NOM), different histological grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OSCC. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of NOM (n = 10), 20 cases each of mild, moderate and severe (OED) (n = 60), and 10 cases each of well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinomas (n = 30) were included in the study. The tissues sections were immunohistochemically stained and were evaluated for intensity and area of expression in different groups. Results: Out of 60 cases of OED, 29 (48%) cases showed intense dark brown staining in the epithelium. The stroma in 38 (63%) cases showed positive immunoexpression. The expression of EMMPRIN in OSCC revealed intense dark brown staining in 9 (90%) cases of well differentiated, and a decent thereon in 8 (80%) cases of moderately differentiated and 4 (40%) cases of poorly differentiated carcinomas. Conclusion: The role of EMMPRIN in precarcinogenesis and early carcinogenesis needs to be studied on considerable sample size. This can enable oncologists to detect cancer at an early stage before it progresses to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manika Arora
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepa R Mane
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Kujan O, Farah CS, Johnson NW. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the Middle East and North Africa. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17698480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hama University, Hama, Syria
| | - Camile S Farah
- School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Objectives: To review the oral cancer (OC) studies that were conducted in Arab countries with regard to epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis. Methods: A computer-based PubMed literature search was performed to retrieve studies conducted in the Arab world on epidemiology of OC. After screening for exclusion criteria, cross-referencing, and searching local journals, a total of 19 articles were included. Results: Eight prevalence studies found an OC prevalence ranging from 1.8 to 2.13 per 100,000 persons. Oral cancer patients were mostly in their fifth to sixth decade of life, and the incidence in younger age was reported in some Arab countries. Yemenis have an alarming high prevalence of OC among people younger than 45 years. Eleven studies explored determinants or prognosis of OC. Behavioral determinants such as smokeless tobacco (Shamma and Qat), and cigarette smoking were strongly associated with OC. Alcohol drinking and solar radiation exposures were cited as possible risk factors. The most affected sites were tongue, floor of the mouth, and lower lip variations in the affected site were attributed to the socio-cultural behavior of the populations under study. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequently detected cancer, and usually patients were in late stages (III and IV) at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: No solid evidence exists regarding the true OC prevalence/incidence in most Arab countries due to the lack of national cancer registries and population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Jaber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Akbari ME, Atarbashi Moghadam S, Atarbashi Moghadam F, Bastani Z. Malignant Tumors of Tongue in Iranian Population. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e4467. [PMID: 27761209 PMCID: PMC5056019 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of oral cancers varies from one country to another, which can be clarified by the difference in the distribution of the risk factors and the possible etiologies. Tongue is a main segment of oral cavity and malignant lesions of this region accounts for nearly 30% of all oral cancers. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we evaluated the pattern of tongue cancer in Iranian population and compared these findings with those previously reported in the other countries. METHODS In this multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study recorded cases of the malignant tongue tumors in the cancer research center (CRC) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were extracted. The patient records and their microscopic reports were retrieved from the archives and age, sex and microscopic types were evaluated. It is to be noted that the CRC has been serving as a cancer registry center for major hospitals all over the country since the year of 2003. Thus, the obtained statistics are highly reliable. RESULTS During the years 2003 to 2008, a total number of 952 new cases of the tongue cancer were recorded in the CRC. Most cases are diagnosed in the sixth and seventh decades of life. 450 cases (47.2%) occurred in men and 489 cases (51.36%) in women. Four different types of malignant lesions (epithelial, salivary gland, hematopoietic and mesenchymal) were diagnosed. Epithelial tumors were the most prevalent malignancies (93%) of which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) made up 87.39% of all lesions. Salivary gland tumors had the second place with 3.15% of the total lesions. CONCLUSIONS In Iranian population, squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy of tongue and it is notable that the ratio of female to male population was equal. These lesions were prevalent in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Thus screening examination of tongue by dentist especially in elderly patients is necessary for early detection of cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saede Atarbashi Moghadam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fazele Atarbashi Moghadam
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Bastani
- Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Madan M, Chandra S, Raj V, Madan R. Evaluation of cell proliferation in malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 19:297-305. [PMID: 26980956 PMCID: PMC4774281 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.174613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the cell proliferation rate by the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR) counts and to assess its usefulness as a marker for malignant potential in oral epithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: The study group included 30 cases of leukoplakia, 15 nondysplastic (NDL), 15 dysplastic (DL), 15 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 5 cases of normal oral mucosa. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and AgNOR technique. The PCNA labeling index (LI) and the AgNOR dots were evaluated for the entire sample. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA, Tukey honestly significant difference, Pearson's correlation. Results: In this study, the AgNOR count of OSCC was lower than the DL lesions moreover the AgNOR counts were found to be higher in normal mucosa as compared to the DL and the NDL epithelium. The study results also showed that the mean AgNOR count failed to distinguish between DL and NDL lesions. Overall we observed increased PCNA expression from normal epithelium to NDL to DL lesion. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study on oral epithelial precancerous and cancerous lesions we conclude that mean AgNOR count alone cannot be a valuable parameter to distinguish between the normal, NDL, DL epithelium and OSCC but, on the other hand, we found out that PCNA can be a useful biomarker for delineating normal epithelium from DL epithelium and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Madan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KGMC, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineet Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Madan
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dantas TS, de Barros Silva PG, Sousa EF, da Cunha MDP, de Aguiar ASW, Costa FWG, Mota MRL, Alves APNN, Sousa FB. Influence of Educational Level, Stage, and Histological Type on Survival of Oral Cancer in a Brazilian Population: A Retrospective Study of 10 Years Observation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2314. [PMID: 26817864 PMCID: PMC4998238 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate associated with oral cancer is estimated at approximately 12,300 deaths per year, and the survival rate is only 40% to 50% for diagnosed patients and is closely related to the duration of time between disease perception and its diagnosis and treatment. Socioeconomic risk factors are determinants of the incidence and mortality related to oral cancer. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 573 records of patients with oral cancer at Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital - Cancer Institute of Ceará from 2000 to 2009 to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on survival and epidemiological behavior of this neoplasia in a Brazilian population. In this study, patients with oral cancer were males greater than 60 years of age, presented squamous cell carcinoma in the floor of mouth and were characterized by low education levels. A total of 573 lesions were found in oral cavities. Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the histological type, tumor stage, and low degree of education significantly influenced survival. A lower patient survival rate was correlated with a more advanced stage of disease and a worse prognosis. Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a higher mortality when compared with other histological types of malign neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinali Sousa Dantas
- From the Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Ceará (TSD, PGDBS); Ceará School of Oncology, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital (EFS, MDPDC, FBS); Division of Diplomacy Health (ASWDA); Division of Oral Radiology and Imaginology (FWGS); Laboratory of Oral Pathology (MRLM, APNNA); and Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil (FBS)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective
To determine whether dental implants impress oral lesions, and to evaluate the nature of their effect on the lesions.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive search was done via Google and PubMed for articles (including case reports and literature reviews) containing the keywords ‘oral squamous cell carcinoma’ (OSCC), ‘oral lichen planus’ (OLP), ‘lichenoid contact reaction’ (LCR), ‘osseointegrated implants’, and ‘dental implants’, in the last 10 years (2002-2012).
Results
The study included 24 articles involving patients with dental implants, and some oral lesions (e.g. oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma) or with a history of lesions. In these publications, there is evidence suggesting the possibility of emergence, exacerbation, recurrence, or even malignant transformation of the oral lesions after implant placement in some cases.
Conclusion
Based on our review of the literature, implant treatment does not seem to be completely safe under any circumstances, but may have some complications in subjects with certain diseases (e.g. oral lesions, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, allergic reactions, etc.). Therefore prior to treatment, patients should be fully informed of the risks.
Clinical significance
Implant treatment is best done with caution in patients with cancer or mucocutaneous disorders.
How to cite this article
Agha-Hosseini F, Rohani B. Evaluation of the Effects of Dental Implants on Oral Lesions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):400-406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Rohani
- Assistant Professor Department of Oral Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: 09127201069; Fax: +9821-88410770, e-mail:
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He Y, Chen F, Cai Y, Chen S. Knockdown of tumor protein D52-like 2 induces cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:264-71. [PMID: 25262828 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein D52-like 2 (TPD52L2) and its family members form homo- and hetero-meric complexes essential for cell proliferation in multiple human cancers. TPD52L2 is involved in cell migration and attachment in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To confirm the role of TPD52L2 in OSCC, we employed the lentivirus-delivered small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique to knock down TPD52L2 expression in two OSCC cell lines, CAL27, and KB. Knockdown of TPD52L2 by RNA interference markedly suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation. Cell cycle analysis showed that depletion of TPD52L2 led to CAL27 cells arrest in the S phase. We found an excessive accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase, which can represent apoptotic cells. TPD52L2 silencing also induced the cleavage of PARP. These results suggest that TPD52L2 is involved in OSCC cell growth and serves as a potential therapeutic target in human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun He
- Department of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
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Pires FR, Ramos AB, Oliveira JBCD, Tavares AS, Luz PSRD, Santos TCRBD. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features from 346 cases from a single oral pathology service during an 8-year period. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 21:460-7. [PMID: 24212993 PMCID: PMC3881836 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidemiological data from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is mostly derived from North American, European and East Asian populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report the demographic and clinicopathological features from OSCC diagnosed in an Oral Pathology service in southeastern Brazil in an 8-year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS All OSCC diagnosed from 2005 to 2012 were reviewed, including histological analysis of all hematoxylin and eosin stained slides and review of all demographic and clinical information from the laboratory records. RESULTS A total of 346 OSCC was retrieved and males represented 67% of the sample. Mean age of the patients was 62.3 years-old and females were affected a decade older than males (p<0.001). Mean time of complaint with the tumors was 10 months and site distribution showed that the border of the tongue (37%), alveolar mucosa/gingiva (20%) and floor of mouth/ventral tongue (19%) were the most common affected sites. Mean size of the tumors was 3.4 cm, with no differences for males and females (p=0.091) and males reported both tobacco and alcohol consumption more frequently than females. Histological grade of the tumors revealed that 27%, 40% and 21% of the tumors were, respectively, classified as well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated OSCC, 26 cases (7.5%) were microinvasive OSCC and 17 cases were OSCC variants. OSCC in males mostly affected the border of tongue, floor of mouth/ventral tongue and alveolar mucosa/gingival, while they were more frequent on the border of tongue, alveolar mucosa/gingival and buccal mucosa/buccal sulcus in females (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS The present data reflect the epidemiological characteristics of OSCC diagnosed in a public Oral Pathology laboratory in southeastern Brazil and have highlighted several differences in clinicopathological features when comparing male and female OSCC-affected patients.
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Anis R, Gaballah K. Oral cancer in the UAE: a multicenter, retrospective study. Libyan J Med 2013; 8:21782. [PMID: 23985381 PMCID: PMC3756533 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v8i0.21782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of various malignant oral lesions in the UAE and correlate cases of squamous cell carcinomas with age, gender, site, grade, clinical presentations at the time of diagnosis, and the prevalence of neck metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted at four major hospitals in the UAE. The study was based on histopathology reports of biopsies of oral tissues. RESULTS Of the 992 oral biopsy reports retrieved, 147 cases of malignant tumors were found which accounted for 14.9% of the total biopsies. Fifteen different types of malignant lesions were diagnosed, of which oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was the most prevalent and made up 11.4% of the overall oral biopsies retrieved. The commonest presentation of cancer was ulceration (31.17%), followed by lumps and white lesions. The most common site where the lesions were diagnosed was the tongue (51.9%), followed by the cheeks and lips. OSCC accounted for 77% of all malignancies reported. Neck dissections were conducted in only 20.8% of all OSCC cases diagnosed at Mafraq and Tawam hospitals, of which 43.75% showed evidence of neck metastasis. CONCLUSION Oral cancer is not an uncommon disease in the UAE. This may mandate more awareness campaigning, including screening procedures for early detection of cancerous lesions and other potentially malignant oral diseases. Elective neck dissections to detect lymph node metastasis should be more routinely performed, in particular for tongue carcinomas because of the early neck involvement potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamis Gaballah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
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High-level β1-integrin expression in a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic oral cancer cells. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1277-1284. [PMID: 23982443 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The β1 integrin (CD29) is a putative marker for cancerous epithelial stem cells. Cancer stem cells are essential to drive tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. We investigated the role of β1-integrin expression in the development of malignant phenotypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunostaining was used to analyze the expression levels of β1 integrins in different types of cell colonies and tumor spheres. The results of cell viability and migration assays with and without siRNA knockdown of β1-integrin expression were compared. Cells expressing β1 integrins were evaluated for their tumorigenicity in mice. The expression of β1 integrins in human specimens of oral cancers at different clinical stages was semiquantified based on immunohistochemical staining of the β1-integrin protein. RESULTS The expression level of β1 integrins in Meng-1 oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (OECM-1) cells was significantly higher in holoclonal colonies and tumor spheres compared to control cells. The knockdown of β1-integrin expression in OECM-1 cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, and tumor sphere formation. Beta-1 integrin (+) cells were more tumorigenic in the mouse xenograft model than β1 integrin (-) cells. In the human specimens, the expression level of the β1-integrin protein positively correlated with the clinical stage. CONCLUSION The expression of β1 integrin in OECM-1 cells is involved in the development of malignant phenotypes of OSCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inhibitors for β1-integrin signaling may be suitable to become target-specific therapies for OSCC.
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Sagheb K, Sagheb K, Taylor KJ, Al-Nawas B, Walter C. Cervical metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla: a retrospective study of 25 years. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1221-1227. [PMID: 23934238 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the maxilla are relatively rare; therefore, only little data is available regarding the frequency of cervical metastasis (CM) and therapy strategies. Most authors only undertake clinical observation of the lymph nodes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the manner of metastasis in SCC of the maxilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patient records from 1987 to 2011 were scanned for SCC of the maxilla. Patients with SCC limited to the maxilla were comprised. The cases were analyzed regarding tumor node metastasis staging system and any special occurrences in the follow-up time such as tumor recurrence, metastasis, and exitus letalis. Classification and staging were performed according to the 2003 UICC system. RESULTS One hundred thirty-eight patients were comprised of 36 % females and 64 % males (average age, 66 years; women, 71 years; men, 63 years). The average follow-up time was 43 months (range, 0-195). Fifty-eight percent smoked or declared regular consumption of alcohol. About 50 % of the patients had an advanced tumor stage (III-IV). At the time of the primary diagnosis, 38 % of the patients had CM. There is an increased risk for CM occurrence with increasing tumor size and grading and a tumor localized in the postcanine region. Contralateral CM arises frequently in T4 tumors and tumors localized in the postcanine region. CONCLUSION The data exhibit aggressive regional metastatic behavior of SCC of the maxilla. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Therefore, surgical treatment of the draining lymphatic system as a primary management strategy is recommended for patients with SCC of the maxilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ka Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - K J Taylor
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Walter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Hernández-Guerrero JC, Jacinto-Alemán LF, Jiménez-Farfán MD, Macario-Hernández A, Hernández-Flores F, Alcántara-Vázquez A. Prevalence trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mexico City's General Hospital experience. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e306-11. [PMID: 23385493 PMCID: PMC3613885 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent reports suggest an increase in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequency. To improve programs in public health, it is necessary to understand the epidemiological conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in gender, age, anatomic zone and OSCC stage from Mexico City’s General Hospital patients from 1990 to 2008.
Study design: A retrospective review of all OSCC cases diagnosed by the Pathology Department of the Mexico City General Hospital was performed. Demographic data, in addition to anatomic zone and histological degree of differentiation were obtained. Central tendency, dispersion and prevalence rate per 100,000 individuals were determined.
Results: A total of 531 patients were diagnosed with OSCC; 58.4% were men, giving a male:female ratio of 1.4:1, and the mean age was 62.5 ± 14.9 years. The predominant anatomic zone was the tongue (44.7%), followed by the lips (21.2%) and gums (20.5%). The most frequent histological degree was moderately differentiated in 325 cases (61.2%). The rates of OSCC prevalence showed similar patterns in terms across time. A significant correlation (P = 0.007) between anatomic zone and age was observed.
Conclusion: According to our results, the prevalence of OSCC does not show important variations; however, a relationship between age and anatomic zone was observed. These data could be used as parameters for the diagnosis of OSCC as well as for the development and dissemination of preventive programs for the early detection of oral cancer.
Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, prevalence, histology degree and anatomic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Hernández-Guerrero
- Immunology Laboratory, Postgraduate and Research Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Halboub E, Al-Mohaya M, Abdulhuq M, Al-Mandili A, Al-Anazi Y. Oral squamous cell carcinoma among Yemenis: Onset in young age and presentation at advanced stage. J Clin Exp Dent 2012; 4:e221-5. [PMID: 24558559 PMCID: PMC3917628 DOI: 10.4317/jced.50824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Oral cancer represents a health burden worldwide. Up to 90% of oral cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The data on oral SCC in Yemen are lacking. The objective of this study therefore was to describe and analyze the demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of Yemeni patients with oral SCC.
Study Design: In this cross-sectional study, two sets of retrospective data for Yemeni cancer patients were obtained officially by two different registries. Patients with oral SCC were included. Their ages were dichotomized using 40 and 45 years alternately as individual cut-points for young and old patients. The patients` demographic, clinical and histological characteristics were statistically analyzed.
Results: There were 457 Yemenis with oral SCC; 253 patients (55.4%) were men. The overall mean age was 58.15±14.11 years. The tongue was the most affected oral sub-site accounting for 53% of the reported cases. The well and moderately differentiated oral SCC accounted for 55.5% and 25.6% of the total cases respectively. Noteworthy, 62 patients (14%) were affected by the age of ?40; this increased to 105 patients (23%) aged ?45 years. Additionally, a high proportion of oral SCC patients (62%, 283) were diagnosed at advanced tumor stages (regional extension or metastasized). The distributions of histological grades and tumor stages in young and old patients were significantly different (P=0.006 and 0.026 respectively).
Conclusion: The relative frequency of oral SCC among Yemeni young people is high. Unfortunately, most of oral SCC patients in Yemen were diagnosed at advanced stage.
Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Yemen, young patients, advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Halboub
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Maha Al-Mohaya
- Oral Medicine and Research Clinic, Medically Compromised Clinics and Research Unit, Department of Dentistry/Riyadh Military Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdulhuq
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Al-Mandili
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Yousef Al-Anazi
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Vázquez-Mahía I, Seoane J, Varela-Centelles P, Tomás I, Álvarez García A, López Cedrún JL. Predictors for tumor recurrence after primary definitive surgery for oral cancer. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 70:1724-32. [PMID: 21940087 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify significant predictors for oral squamous cell carcinoma recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS This Ambispective cohort study was performed in consecutive metastasis-free patients treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma with curative intent from 1998 through 2003. Variables included gender, age, tumor site, macroscopic pattern of the lesion, coexisting disorders (diabetes, hepatic and heart disorders, other tumors/diseases), degree of differentiation, and pathologic TNM stage. Tumor recurrence was considered the dependent variable (outcome). The distribution of recurrences was assessed with χ(2) test. Survival times were estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves and differences were examined with log-rank test. Multiple Cox regression study was also performed. The significance level chosen for all tests was P < .05. RESULTS One hundred eighteen patients entered the study. Tumor recurrence was 44.9% during the follow-up period (10% local, 29.7% regional, and 5% distant). The mean period that had elapsed before recurrence was 15 months (1.5 to 81.8), with most recurrences (66%) during the first year after treatment (84.9% before 2 years). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated the presence of a coexisting disorder (P = .022) as the most relevant prognostic factor for relapse, because patients with associated diseases had a 2.43-fold risk of recurrence. Tumor stage (P = .037), degree of differentiation (P = .042), and macroscopic pattern of the lesion (P = .022) were also identified as prognostic factors for relapse. CONCLUSIONS The risk profile for oral cancer recurrence includes patients younger than 60 years with coexisting diseases whose primary tumor occurred as an ulcerated lesion, and diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poorly differentiated tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Vázquez-Mahía
- Service of Maxillofacial Surgery, A Coruña University Hospital, A Coruña, Spain
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Hanemann JAC, Miyazawa M, Souza MSGDS. Histologic grading and nucleolar organizer regions in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:280-5. [PMID: 21625747 PMCID: PMC4234343 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purposes of this study were to histologically assess different types of oral
squamous cell carcinoma and the silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)
morphology in neoplastic cells, as well as to quantify the number of AgNORs in
each type of carcinoma in order to relate AgNOR count and histologic grading. Material and Methods Twenty-eight cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were divided into 4 groups,
namely well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, and
undifferentiated. For NOR study, 3-µm-thick sections were stained with 50% aqueous
silver nitrate solution. The predominant microscopic pattern of NORs was
determined. Quantitative analyses of NORs were obtained of all cells present on
each histological field using a 0.025 mm2 eyepiece graticule. Different
histological fields were analyzed until the total number of NORs was 120 cells for
each tumor. Kruskall-Wallis test was applied to compare the groups of sample data
at a significance level of p=0.05. Results The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus was 3.20 for the well-differentiated group,
5.33 for the moderately differentiated one, 8.27 for the poorly differentiated
one, and 10.08 for the undifferentiated one. AgNOR count was significantly
different (p<0.05) among all of the studied groups. Conclusion AgNOR staining technique seems to be a useful diagnostic tool since differences in
AgNOR numeric values can be identified in the different types of oral squamous
cell carcinoma. This technique is easy to handle and inexpensive, thus justifying
its large use in histopathology.
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Abstract
Riga-Fede disease (RFD) describes a benign, ulcerative lesion resulting from the repetitive trauma of contact of the oral mucosal surface of the tongue with the teeth. Although the name applies primarily to small children, similar clinical and histopathological findings can also be found in adults. We describe here a 70 year-old woman showing a painful tongue ulcer with elevated borders and whitish discoloration for the past four years. Repeated histological investigations revealed a benign leukoplakia without dysplasia. Replacement of an ill-fitting prosthesis led to complete remission within two weeks. RDF-like disease is thus a problem in elderly patients for whom topical treatment is insufficient to induce healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Arduino PG, Carrozzo M, Pagano M, Broccoletti R, Scully C, Gandolfo S. Immunohistochemical expression of basement membrane proteins of verrucous carcinoma of the oral mucosa. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 14:297-302. [PMID: 19506920 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is an extremely invasive tumour of stratified squamous epithelium that spreads throughout degradation of the basement membrane (BM) and extra-cellular matrix. Oral verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare low-grade variant of oral SCC that penetrates into the subepithelial connective tissue. It also has a different clinical behaviour from classical oral SCC. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of laminin, laminin-5, collagen IV and fibronectin in VC, severe epithelial dysplasia (SED) and SCC in order to analyse if the pattern of these molecules expression contributes to the differences in the biological behaviour of these diseases. The staining pattern of laminin was less intensive in SCC compared with SED and VC, and collagen IV expression was increased in VC compared with SED. Discontinuities of laminin, collagen IV and fibronectin were more evident in SED than in VC. This study indicates that VC has a biological behaviour different from SED or SCC, observable by immunohistochemistry in the BM zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G Arduino
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Unito Lingotto Dental Institute, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Hoffmannová J, Foltán R, Vlk M, Šipoš M, Horká E, Pavlíková G, Kufa R, Bulík O, Šedý J. Hemimandibulectomy and therapeutic neck dissection with radiotherapy in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma involving mandible: a critical review of treatment protocol in the years 1994–2004. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:561-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bagan J, Sarrion G, Jimenez Y. Oral cancer: clinical features. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:414-7. [PMID: 20400366 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a well-known malignancy that accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. In this article we will perform a brief review of its clinical characteristics and the differential diagnosis. Regarding symptoms, pain is the most frequent presentation and the tongue and the floor of the mouth have the highest occurrence. OSCC in its initial stages shows an erytholeukoplastic area without symptoms but in advanced stages there are ulcers and lumps with irregular margins which are rigid to touch. The different diagnosis should be established with other oral malignant diseases such as lymphomas, sarcomas and metastasis, which have rapid growth rates as opposed to the typical OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Bagan
- Valencia University, Department of Stomatology, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
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Eichhorn W, Wehrmann M, Blessmann M, Pohlenz P, Blake F, Schmelzle R, Heiland M. Metastases in odontogenic cysts: literature review and case presentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:582-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marocchio LS, Lima J, Sperandio FF, Corrêa L, Sousa SOMD. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of 1,564 cases showing advances in early detection. J Oral Sci 2010; 52:267-73. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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