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Kogawa EM, Melo FF, Pires RG, Caetano PCC, de Lima Rodrigues J, Benito LAO, da Silva ICR, de Castro Cantuária AP, de Carvalho Sales-Peres SH. The changes on salivary flow rates, buffering capacity and chromogranin A levels in adults after bariatric surgery. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:159. [PMID: 38378939 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate changes in salivary flow rates, buffering capacity, and salivary chromogranin A (CHGA) levels in adults undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) compared with a non-obese control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary analyses were performed on 62 participants aged over 50 years, stratified into two groups matched for age and gender-individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery (BS) (n = 31) and a corresponding healthy control group (n = 31). Before saliva collection, participants completed a comprehensive 11-point visual numerical rating scale (NRS 0-10) xerostomia questionnaire, assessing subjective perceptions of two key aspects: dryness of the oral mucosa and resultant impact on oral functional ability. Three distinct saliva measurements were obtained: unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), stimulated whole saliva (SWS), and unstimulated upper labial saliva (ULS). The buffering capacity of unstimulated saliva was assessed using pH indicator strips, and concentrations of salivary Chromogranin A (CHGA) were quantified in stimulated saliva via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After BS, more than 40% of BS group patients reported xerostomia, with 16.1% experiencing only mild symptoms without significant functional impact (p = 0.009). The prevalence of xerostomia and tongue dryness was higher in the BS group compared to the control group (p = 0.028 and p = 0.025, respectively). The comparative analysis unveiled no statistically significant differences in flow rates of unstimulated upper labial saliva (ULS), unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) between the control group and patients who underwent bariatric surgery. However, in patients undergone BS with xerostomia, both ULS and UWS flow rates were significantly lower than in controls with xerostomia (p = 0.014 and p = 0.007, respectively). The buffering capacity was significantly lower in patients undergone BS than in controls (p = 0.009). No differences were found between groups regarding CHGA concentration and output values, nevertheless, higher values of CHGA concentrations were significantly correlated to lower flow rates. CONCLUSION According to the results, this study suggests that individuals undergoing BS may exhibit altered salivary buffering capacity and reduced unstimulated salivary flows in the presence of xerostomia. Additionally, the findings suggest that elevated concentration of salivary CHGA might be associated, in part, with salivary gland hypofunction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical significance of this study lies in highlighting the changes in salivary functions after BS. The identified salivary alterations might be attributed to adverse effects of BS such as vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, and dehydration. Understanding these changes is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in the care of post-BS patients, as it sheds light on potential oral health challenges that may arise as a consequence of the surgical intervention. Monitoring and managing these salivary alterations can contribute to comprehensive patient care and enhance the overall postoperative experience for individuals undergoing BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Mikaela Kogawa
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
- Departamento de Odontologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Ferreira Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Reuel Gomes Pires
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 71966-700, Brazil
| | | | | | - Linconl Agudo Oliveira Benito
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde (PPGCTS), FCE, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 72220-275, Brazil
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Iyer DR, Venkatraman J, Tanguy E, Vitale N, Mahapatra NR. Chromogranin A and its derived peptides: potential regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:271. [PMID: 37642733 PMCID: PMC11072126 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CHGA), a member of the granin family of proteins, has been an attractive therapeutic target and candidate biomarker for several cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory disorders. The prominence of CHGA stems from the pleiotropic roles of several bioactive peptides (e.g., catestatin, pancreastatin, vasostatins) generated by its proteolytic cleavage and by their wide anatomical distribution. These peptides are emerging as novel modulators of cardiometabolic diseases that are often linked to high blood cholesterol levels. However, their impact on cholesterol homeostasis is poorly understood. The dynamic nature of cholesterol and its multitudinous roles in almost every aspect of normal body function makes it an integral component of metabolic physiology. A tightly regulated coordination of cholesterol homeostasis is imperative for proper functioning of cellular and metabolic processes. The deregulation of cholesterol levels can result in several pathophysiological states. Although studies till date suggest regulatory roles for CHGA and its derived peptides on cholesterol levels, the mechanisms by which this is achieved still remain unclear. This review aims to aggregate and consolidate the available evidence linking CHGA with cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease. In addition, we also look at common molecular regulatory factors (viz., transcription factors and microRNAs) which could govern the expression of CHGA and genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis under basal and pathological conditions. In order to gain further insights into the pathways mediating cholesterol regulation by CHGA/its derived peptides, a few prospective signaling pathways are explored, which could act as primers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya R Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Janani Venkatraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Emeline Tanguy
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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Garg R, Agarwal A, Katekar R, Dadge S, Yadav S, Gayen JR. Chromogranin A-derived peptides pancreastatin and catestatin: emerging therapeutic target for diabetes. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03252-x. [PMID: 36914766 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (ChgA) is an acidic pro-protein found in neuroendocrine organs, pheochromocytoma chromaffin granules, and tumor cells. Proteolytic processing of ChgA gives rise to an array of biologically active peptides such as pancreastatin (PST), vasostatin, WE14, catestatin (CST), and serpinin, which have diverse roles in regulating cardiovascular functions and metabolism, as well as inflammation. Intricate tissue-specific role of ChgA-derived peptide activity in preclinical rodent models of metabolic syndrome reveals complex effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Indeed, ChgA-derived peptides, PST and CST, play a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, supplementation of specific peptide in ChgA-KO mice have an opposing effect on physiological functions, such as PST supplementation reduces insulin sensitivity and enhances inflammatory response. In contrast, CST supplementation enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammatory response. In this review, we focus on the tissue-specific role of PST and CST as therapeutic targets in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, along with the associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Dadge
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shubhi Yadav
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Marques RCR, da Silva JR, Vieira Lima CP, Stefani CM, Damé-Teixeira N. Salivary parameters of adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:176-189. [PMID: 35725961 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among the oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus (DM), salivary alterations stand out when considering that they can be linked to environmental changes that prompt other oral diseases. This study aimed to compare whether salivary parameters such as salivary flow, ionic composition, pH, and buffer capacity are altered in adults with DM. STUDY DESIGN A literature search was performed in 8 databases and the gray literature. Observational and clinical studies with populations >30 years old were included. The methodological quality of individual studies was assessed, 7 meta-analyses were performed, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach (protocol registered at PROSPERO-CRD42021214632). RESULTS Of the 5,816 titles retrieved, 22 observational studies were included, representing a total of 1,202 individuals with DM and 946 normoglycemic control subjects. Individuals with DM had significantly lower unstimulated (mean difference [Md] = 0.13 mL/min; CI = 0.06-0.2; P = .0005) and stimulated (Md = 0.44 mL/min; CI = 0.13-0.75; P = .005) salivary flow rates, a lower pH when evaluated with electrodes (Md = 0.45; CI = 0.19-0.71; P = .0007), and a higher salivary urea (standard Md = 1.52; CI = 0.19-2.85; P = .03). No significant differences were found in the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Although the certainty of evidence was low because of the type of studies included, this review indicated salivary alterations in individuals with DM, such as hyposalivation, pH, and urea concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Naile Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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5
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Grisi DC, Vieira IV, de Almeida Lima AK, de Oliveira Mattos MC, Damé-Teixeira N, Salles LP, de Oliveira LA, Stefani C, do Carmo Machado Guimarães M. The Complex Interrelationship between Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Diseases and General Health. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e220321192408. [PMID: 34225632 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210322153210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that several oral diseases and conditions can be associated with DM. Dental caries, hyposalivation, fungal diseases and endodontics lesions may represent potential oral complications that can be aggravated by chronic hyperglycemia. Individuals with DM have a low perception of oral diseases which can lead to clinically important oral and systemic complications. This review aims to provide data on the most common oral signs and symptoms related to DM and to explore the mechanisms that might explain associations between DM and oral diseases in order to clarify the risks posed by poor oral health in DM. Since the linkage between oral diseases and DM is part of multifactorial aspects related to chronic hyperglycemic status and several common conditions affecting the whole body, both require rigorous self-control from patients and attention from medical and dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Corrêa Grisi
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nailê Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Loise Pedrosa Salles
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Padilla-Martinez F, Wojciechowska G, Szczerbinski L, Kretowski A. Circulating Nucleic Acid-Based Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010295. [PMID: 35008723 PMCID: PMC8745431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a deficiency in how the body regulates glucose. Uncontrolled T2D will result in chronic high blood sugar levels, eventually resulting in T2D complications. These complications, such as kidney, eye, and nerve damage, are even harder to treat. Identifying individuals at high risk of developing T2D and its complications is essential for early prevention and treatment. Numerous studies have been done to identify biomarkers for T2D diagnosis and prognosis. This review focuses on recent T2D biomarker studies based on circulating nucleic acids using different omics technologies: genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. Omics studies have profiled biomarker candidates from blood, urine, and other non-invasive samples. Despite methodological differences, several candidate biomarkers were reported for the risk and diagnosis of T2D, the prognosis of T2D complications, and pharmacodynamics of T2D treatments. Future studies should be done to validate the findings in larger samples and blood-based biomarkers in non-invasive samples to support the realization of precision medicine for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Padilla-Martinez
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Gladys Wojciechowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland
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7
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Herold Z, Doleschall M, Somogyi A. Role and function of granin proteins in diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1081-1092. [PMID: 34326956 PMCID: PMC8311481 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The granin glycoprotein family consists of nine acidic proteins; chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretogranin II–VIII. They are produced by a wide range of neuronal, neuroendocrine, and endocrine cells throughout the human body. Their major intracellular function is to sort peptides and proteins into secretory granules, but their cleavage products also take part in the extracellular regulation of diverse biological processes. The contribution of granins to carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus is a recent research area. CgA is associated with glucose homeostasis and the progression of type 1 diabetes. WE-14, CgA10-19, and CgA43-52 are peptide derivates of CgA, and act as CD4+ or CD8+ autoantigens in type 1 diabetes, whereas pancreastatin (PST) and catestatin have regulatory effects in carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, PST is related to gestational and type 2 diabetes. CgB has a crucial role in physiological insulin secretion. Secretogranins II and III have angiogenic activity in diabetic retinopathy (DR), and are novel targets in recent DR studies. Ongoing studies are beginning to investigate the potential use of granin derivatives as drugs to treat diabetes based on the divergent relationships between granins and different types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Marton Doleschall
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eotvos Lorand Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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Muntjewerff EM, Dunkel G, Nicolasen MJT, Mahata SK, van den Bogaart G. Catestatin as a Target for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2199. [PMID: 30337922 PMCID: PMC6180191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that inflammatory diseases and cancers are influenced by cleavage products of the pro-hormone chromogranin A (CgA), such as the 21-amino acids long catestatin (CST). The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of CST and its mechanism of action. We discuss evidence proving that CST and its precursor CgA are crucial for maintaining metabolic and immune homeostasis. CST could reduce inflammation in various mouse models for diabetes, colitis and atherosclerosis. In these mouse models, CST treatment resulted in less infiltration of immune cells in affected tissues, although in vitro monocyte migration was increased by CST. Both in vivo and in vitro, CST can shift macrophage differentiation from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Thus, the concept is emerging that CST plays a role in tissue homeostasis by regulating immune cell infiltration and macrophage differentiation. These findings warrant studying the effects of CST in humans and make it an interesting therapeutic target for treatment and/or diagnosis of various metabolic and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke M Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gina Dunkel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Reduced salivary amylase activity in metabolic syndrome patients with obesity could be improved by treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Clin Oral Investig 2018. [PMID: 29520469 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study is to investigate the salivary gland function of metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients, as indicated by salivary flow rate, amylase activity, and salivary oxidative stress, by measuring MDA level. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eighty-one MetS patients from Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital were enrolled onto this study. The metabolic parameters of each patient were collected and evaluated. Unstimulated saliva was also collected for 5 min. Salivary gland functions, including salivary flow rate, amylase activity, and salivary MDA levels, were investigated. RESULTS High levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, and waist circumference in MetS patients did not show a correlation with altered salivary gland function. However, a decrease in salivary flow rate was observed in MetS patients with hyperglycemia. In addition, decreased amylase activity was found in MetS patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2). Salivary amylase activity of MetS patients treated with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor was significantly greater than that observed in MetS patients without a DPP-IV inhibitor. Moreover, the salivary amylase activity in MetS patients was found to be independently positively correlated with DPP-IV inhibitor therapy (r = 0.708, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that obesity and hyperglycemia in MetS patients were associated with the impairment of salivary glands. Treatment with a DPP-IV inhibitor was found to exert beneficial effects on the salivary gland. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrated the impairment of salivary glands of MetS patients and the beneficial effect of DPP-IV inhibitor treatment in the salivary glands.
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Abstract
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases which continue to increase in number and significance. It presents the third most prevalent condition among medically compromised patients referring for dental treatment. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Hyperglycemia leads to widespread multisystem damage which has an effect on oral tissue. The present article summarizes current knowledge regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and oral and dental health.
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Liu YJ, Lee YH, Chang HC, Chiu HC, Chiu TW, Hsu K, Pen CM, Hsu HH, Juan CJ. Proton change of parotid glands after gustatory stimulation examined by magnetic resonance imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3885. [PMID: 29315960 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate proton changes of the parotid gland after gustatory stimulation by semi-quantitative parameters and an empirical mathematical model (EMM) using high-temporal-resolution, double-echo, echo-planar imaging (EPI). Approved by a local institutional review board, this study examined 20 parotid glands from 10 healthy volunteers (male:female = 6: 4; age ± standard deviation =35.1 ± 14.1 years) with written informed consent obtained. All participants underwent 1.5-T, double-echo EPI with gustatory stimulation. Semi-quantitative parameters, including maximal drop ratio (MDR), time to peak (TTP), drop slope (DS), recovery slope (RS) and recovery ratio (RR), were calculated. The effect of temporal resolution on parotid functional parameters was evaluated. An EMM comprising an output function ( Sot=Aoe-kot+B) and an input function ( Sint=Ain1-e-kint) was also applied to fit all dynamic curves. Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, linear regression analysis and goodness of fit were used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The signal intensity dropped significantly after gustatory stimulation on the proton density (PD) image (p < 0.01). MDR was 8.26% in the PD image. MDR and RR were negatively associated with time interval, whereas DS and TTP were significantly positively associated with time interval (all p < 0.05). EMM parametric values derived from PD-time curves of parotid glands were 12.04 ± 6.81%, 6.43 ± 4.23 min-1 , 88.73 ± 6.18%, 8.41 ± 4.86 min-1 and 1.09 ± 1.35 for Ao , ko , B, Ain and kin , respectively. Semi-quantitative functional parameters and EMM parameters using high-temporal-resolution, double-echo EPI allow the quantification of parotid proton changes after gustatory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jui Liu
- Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lee
- PhD Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hing-Chiu Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Chu Chiu
- PhD Program of Technology Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Wei Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kang Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ming Pen
- PhD Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Da Vinci Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsian-He Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jung Juan
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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12
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Bachetti T, Ferrari Bardile A, Aloi TL, Colombo B, Assi E, Savino G, Vercelli A, Colombo R, Corti A. Plasma levels of vasostatin-1, a chromogranin A fragment, are associated with carotid artery maximum stenosis: A pilot study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:438-443. [PMID: 28190616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromogranin A (CgA), a circulating protein released by the neuroendocrine system, can regulate vascular physiology and angiogenesis. Full-length CgA (CgA1-439) and its fragment CgA1-76 (called vasostatin-1, VS-1) preserve the physiological integrity of the endothelial barrier function and are antiangiogenic, whereas CgA1-373 is proangiogenic. We investigated whether these polypeptides are altered in patients with various degrees of carotid artery atherosclerosis. METHODS We studied 81 patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis, asymptomatic for cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid arteries were examined by Doppler ultrasound and plaque characteristics were recorded. Plasma levels of CgA1-439, VS-1, CgA1-373, and total-CgA (CgA1-439 plus truncated fragments lacking part or the entire C-terminal region) were assessed by specific ELISAs. RESULTS Plasma levels of VS-1 and total-CgA correlated with carotid artery maximum stenosis (r=0.349, p=0.001 and r=0.256, p=0.021, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that VS-1 was a significant predictor of maximum stenosis after adjustment for age, gender, and conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis (regression coefficient=12.42, SE=4.84, p=0.012). In addition, logistic regression analysis indicated that relatively high levels of full-length CgA, but not total-CgA, predict the presence of hypoechoic, lipid-rich plaques (OR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.19-1.81, p=0.0003). CONCLUSION VS-1 is independently associated with carotid artery maximum stenosis. Furthermore, full-length CgA is an independent indicator of hypoechoic plaques, likely reflecting initial stages of atherosclerosis. Given the known capability of CgA and VS-1 to regulate vascular function and angiogenesis these polypeptides might play a role in the regulation of atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bachetti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Clinical Trials Centre, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ferrari Bardile
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Teresa Lucia Aloi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Tumour Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Tumour Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Savino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Andrea Vercelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Bioengineering Service, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Tumour Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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13
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Valdiglesias V, Maseda A, Lorenzo-López L, Pásaro E, Millán-Calenti JC, Laffon B. Is Salivary Chromogranin A a Valid Psychological Stress Biomarker During Sensory Stimulation in People with Advanced Dementia? J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:1509-1517. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Maseda
- Universidade da Coruña, Gerontology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Lorenzo-López
- Universidade da Coruña, Gerontology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José C. Millán-Calenti
- Universidade da Coruña, Gerontology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, A Coruña, Spain
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14
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Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is an established plasma marker of neuroendocrine tumors and has been suggested to also have a role as biomarker in other diseases. Whether CgA has any role as biomarker in diabetes is, however, unresolved, but its widespread distribution in the secretory granules in endocrine tissues including β cells and α cells in pancreas, and the metabolic effects of its peptide fragments suggest that CgA may play a pathophysiological role in diabetes, and thus also be a potential diabetes biomarker. In this review, we summarize the available information on CgA and some of its functional post-translational cleavage products in diabetes, followed by a discussion of its potential as a plasma marker in diabetes and the methodological concerns involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Broedbaek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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