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Hatipoğlu Ö, Par M, Pertek Hatipoğlu F. Comparison of degree of conversion performance of bulk-fill resin composites: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Dent 2024; 149:105289. [PMID: 39103073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically compile data on the degree of conversion (DC) for bulk-fill composites using a network meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search for in vitro studies of DC of bulk-fill composites was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Open Grey. Risk of bias within studies and due to missing evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoring system and ROB-MEN tool, respectively. The primary outcome was the DC of bulk-fill composites. Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank relative performance. Inconsistencies in the model were investigated to ensure its validity and the level of confidence in the network meta-analysis (CINeMA) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The average DC values (%) for 0-h/top, 0-h/bottom, 24-h/top, and 24-h/bottom were 59.09, 57.14, 66.73, and 63.87, respectively. According to their SUCRA ranking, the best-performing composites were: SonicFill, Venus Bulk Fill, and SDR (0-h/top), Reveal HD, i-Flow Bulk Fill, and Venus Bulk- Fill (0-h/bottom), Venus Bulk Fill, SDR, and QuiXfil (24-h/top), and Venus Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill, and i-Flow Bulk Fill (24-h/bottom). Incoherence between direct and indirect evidence was identified as the most significant factor affecting confidence. CONCLUSIONS DC values of bulk-fill composites were within the range commonly reported for previous generations of "conventional" composites, with flowable composites tending to perform better than sculptable composites. High variability in DC data was observed, which may be attributed to incompletely understood methodological differences. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE DC is a fundamental parameter that influences multiple mechanical and biological properties of resin composites and is particularly relevant for the group of bulk-fill composites that are designed for use in thick layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Ninkovic N, Opacic Galic V, Milosevic M, Trajkovic I, Kuzmanovic Pficer J, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Milovanovic P, Yashin El-Bacha D, Djuric M, Miletic V. Effects of minimally invasive endodontic access cavity in molar teeth on polymerization, porosity and fracture resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21635. [PMID: 39285200 PMCID: PMC11405530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive access cavities have been proposed in the last decade to reduce tooth tissue loss during endodontic treatment and mitigate compromised fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Fracture resistance of molars with different types of access cavity design may be affected by restorative materials and aging. Insufficient literature data exist on the effect of cavity design and type of restorative materials on restorative aspects such as material adaptation or photo-polymerization in restricted access cavities. This study analyses quality of polymerization, material adaptation and fracture resistance of molars with different types of access cavities restored with glass-ionomer, high-viscosity fiber-reinforced bulk-fill and nanofilled resin composite. Plastic molar teeth with truss (TREC) and traditional endodontic access cavity (TEC) were restored with nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme), glass-ionomer Fuji IX and Filtek or fiber-reinforced everX Posterior and Filtek. Porosity was determined using microcomputer tomography and the degree of conversion of resin-based materals using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Human molars prepared and restored in the same way were used for fracture resistance testing at baseline and after thermocycling. The results demonstrate that high-viscosity fiber-reinforced composite was difficult to adapt in TREC cavity leading to greater porosity than Filtek or Fuji. TREC design did not affect composite polymerization and led to higher fracture resistance of restored molars compared to TEC but also more unrestorable fractures.
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Grants
- 451-03-47/2024-01/200213, 451-03-66/2024-03/200146 Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia
- 451-03-47/2024-01/200213, 451-03-66/2024-03/200146 Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia
- 451-03-47/2024-01/200213, 451-03-66/2024-03/200146 Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia
- 451-03-47/2024-01/200213, 451-03-66/2024-03/200146 Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia
- 451-03-47/2024-01/200213, 451-03-66/2024-03/200146 Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia
- project BoFraM Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia
- project BoFraM Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ninkovic
- School of Dental Medicine, Department for Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vanja Opacic Galic
- School of Dental Medicine, Department for Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Belgrade, Rankeova 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milos Milosevic
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, Belgrade, 11141, Serbia
| | - Isaak Trajkovic
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, Belgrade, 11141, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kuzmanovic Pficer
- School of Dental Medicine, Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11158, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica no. 4/II, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dilara Yashin El-Bacha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica no. 4/II, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna Miletic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Algamaiah H, Alshabib A, Algomaiah M, Yang J, Watts DC. Diversity of short-term DC outcomes in bulk-fill RBCs subjected to a 3 s high-irradiance protocol. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00256-2. [PMID: 39227233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the short-term (5 min) initial effects of a high-irradiance light-curing (LC) protocol on light transmission (LT%), radiant exposure (RE) and degree of conversion (DC%) of different bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Six bulk-fill composites with different viscosities were investigated: OBF (One Bulk Fill, 3 M), EB (Estelite bulkfill,Tokuyama), PFill, PFlow, ECeram and EFlow (PowerFill, Poweflow, Tetric EvoCeram bulkfill, Tetric Evoflow bulkfill, Ivoclar), subjected to different LC protocols: one ultra-high-intensity (3 W/cm2 -3 s via PowerCure LCU) and two conventional (1.2 W/cm2 -10 s and 20 s via PowerCure and Elipar S10 LCUs). Specimens (n = 5) were polymerized within their molds (ϕ5 mm × 4 mm depth) to determine LT% and RE at 4 mm using a MARC-LC spectrometer. For real-time DC% measurements by FTIR, similar molds were utilized. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests at 5 % significance. RESULTS Regardless of the applied LC protocols, OBF and low-viscosity RBCs (EB, PFlow and EFlow) had the lowest and highest LT%, RE, DC% and RPmax, respectively. RE results of all RBCs were in the same sequence: Elipar-20 s > PCure-10 s > PCure-3 s. DC% of PFill and PFlow displayed no significant difference between the applied LC protocols (p > 0.05). The polymerization kinetic in all materials was well described by an exponential sum function (r2 varied between 0.85 and 0.98), showing a faster polymerization with the PCure-3 s protocol. SIGNIFICANCE The measurement of LT% and DC% at 5 min gave an insight into the developing polymerization process. The initial response of these bulk-fill composite to a high-irradiation protocol varied depending on their composition and viscosity, being faster for low viscosity materials. Nevertheless, even though multiple resin composites are designed to be efficient during photopolymerization, care should be taken when selecting materials/curing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muadh Algomaiah
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David C Watts
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, UK.
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Ñaupari-Villasante R, Falconi-Páez C, Castro AS, Gutiérrez MF, Mendez-Bauer ML, Aliaga P, Dávila-Sánchez A, Arrais C, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Clinical performance of posterior restorations using a universal adhesive over moist and dry dentin: A 36-month double-blind split-mouth randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2024; 147:105080. [PMID: 38788919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of dentin moisture on the clinical behavior of a universal adhesive on posterior teeth after 36 months of follow-up. METHODS Forty-five patients participated in this study. Following a split-mouth design, three operators placed 90 Class I/Class II restorations over moist dentin (MD) or dry (DD) (n = 45) with resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill) and a universal adhesive used in the etch-and-rinse mode (Single Bond Universal). Each restoration was evaluated according to the FDI and USPHS criteria (postoperative sensitivity, fracture and retention, marginal staining, marginal adaptation, and recurrence of caries) at baseline and after 6-, 12-, and 36 months. For statistical analysis, Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance rank (α = 0.05) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used. RESULTS No significant difference between groups was observed in each FDI criterion after 36 months of clinical evaluation (p > 0.05). The retention rates (confidence interval 95 %) were 97.37 % (86.5 - 99.5) for both MD and DD without significant difference between them (p > 0.05). Eight restorations (MD = 4; DD = 4) showed minimal marginal staining defects (p > 0.05). Two restorations were lost (MD = 1; DD = 1). Fifteen restorations (MD = 8; DD = 7) presented minor marginal discrepancies according to the FDI criteria (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The clinical performance of the universal adhesive when applied in etch-and-rinse mode was not influenced by dentin moisture in posterior bulk-fill composite restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The level of dentin moisture appears not to influence the clinical efficacy of a universal adhesive when applied using the etch-and-rinse technique in posterior composite resin restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ñaupari-Villasante
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Camila Falconi-Páez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Andrea S Castro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Parana ́, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mario F Gutiérrez
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Odontología, Av. Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, 7550000, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; University of Chile, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Av. Olivos 943, 8380544, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria L Mendez-Bauer
- Research Department, School of Dentistry, University Francisco Marroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Paulina Aliaga
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora y Materiales Dentales. Escuela de Odontología Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Av. Pampite y Diego Robles, 170901, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Dávila-Sánchez
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora y Materiales Dentales. Escuela de Odontología Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Av. Pampite y Diego Robles, 170901, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cesar Arrais
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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Qali M, Alsulaimani L, Alamer N, Alghamdi F, Alhazmi A, Masoud A. Effects of Thermocycling with Two Different Curing Techniques on Enamel Micro-Cracks Formation, Debonding, and Failure Modes of Ceramic Brackets: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3765. [PMID: 39124430 PMCID: PMC11313185 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rise in popularity of ceramic braces for adults, the risk of enamel microcracks (EMCs) upon removal remains a significant drawback for both dental professionals and patients. Our study aimed to assess the effects of thermocycling, pre-curing, and co-curing techniques with different bonding agents on the enamel surface of teeth after the removal of ceramic brackets. We also examined the incidence, quantity, length, and direction of EMCs on tooth surfaces. Additionally, the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores and orthodontic bracket bond failure modes were evaluated and compared. The study divided 40 extracted upper canine teeth into ten groups for further analysis. Two groups had intact enamel as the negative control, while the remaining groups had orthodontic ceramic brackets bonded using different bonding agents and curing techniques. Thermocycling was performed in five groups, and ARI was assessed after debonding. The study findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in demonstrating the impact of curing techniques on EMCs and debonding outcomes. Seventh-generation bonding agents resulted in complete adhesive removal (ARI = 0). The microcracks' incidence, number, and length showed insignificant results. Differences in ARI between thermocycler and non-thermocycler samples were insignificant. Both co-curing and pre-curing techniques yielded comparable ARI results. This study highlights the importance of using advanced bonding agents to minimize enamel damage during ceramic bracket debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qali
- Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait
| | - Lujain Alsulaimani
- Dental Department, Al Baha Specialized Dental Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al Bahah 65525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nora Alamer
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal Alghamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80209, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anwar Alhazmi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dental College, University of Jazan, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Masoud
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Novta E, Pantelić D, Blažić L, Tóth E, Cvejić Ž, Grujić D, Savić-Šević S, Lainović T. Impact of optical fiber-based photo-activation on dental composite polymerization. J Dent 2024; 145:104998. [PMID: 38636650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to introduce a novel two-step optical fiber-based photo-activation of dental resin-based composites (RBCs) for reducing polymerization shrinkage stress (PSS). METHODS Proposed protocol design - in the first step, two flexible plastic optical fibers connected to a dental light curing unit (LCU), were used as light guides inserted into the filling to initiate low-irradiance polymerization from within; in the second step, fibers were extracted and remaining voids were filled with RBC, followed by conventional high-irradiance curing to finalize polymerization. Three bulk-fill RBCs were tested (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative, Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior, Tetric PowerFill) using tooth cavity models. Three non-invasive examination techniques were employed: Digital Holographic Interferometry, Infrared Thermography, and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring model deformation, RBC temperature change, and degree of conversion (DC), respectively. A control group (for each examined RBC) underwent conventional photo-activation. RESULTS The experimental protocol significantly reduced model deformation by 15 - 35 %, accompanied by an 18 - 54 % reduction in RBC temperature change, emphasizing the impact of thermal shrinkage on PSS. Real-time measurements of deformation and temperature provided indirect insights into reaction dynamics and illuminated potential mechanisms underlying PSS reduction. After a 24-hour dark-storage period, DC outcomes comparable to conventional curing were observed, affirming the clinical applicability of the method. CONCLUSIONS Protocol involving the use of two 1.5 mm fibers in the first step (300 mW/cm2 x 10 s), followed by a second conventional curing step (1000 mW/cm2 x 10 s), is recommended to achieve the desired PSS reduction, while maintaining adequate DC and ensuring efficient clinical application. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Obtained PSS reduction offers promise in potentially improving the performance of composite restorations. Additionally, leveraging the flexibility of optical fibers improves light guide approach for restorations on posterior teeth. Meanwhile, implementation in clinical practice is easily achievable by coupling the fibers with commercial dental LCUs using the provided plastic adapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenije Novta
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 12, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Physics, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Blažić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 12, Novi Sad, Serbia; Dental clinic of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 12, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elvira Tóth
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Željka Cvejić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Grujić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Physics, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tijana Lainović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 12, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Thadathil Varghese J, Raju R, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Comparative analysis of self-cure and dual cure-dental composites on their physico-mechanical behaviour. Aust Dent J 2024; 69:124-138. [PMID: 38131257 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practitioners may have become familiar with the rapid transformation of dental composites. However, they may not scientifically understand the factors influencing the mechanical and physical properties. Scientific knowledge of filler-resin interaction can significantly improve clinical understanding of resin composites. Several independent studies have examined the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of dental resin composites; however, no comprehensive study has examined the influence of fillers and resin materials on the physico-mechanical properties of both self-cure and dual-cure composites. METHODS This study performed investigations on the physico-mechanical behaviour of four commercially available dual-cure dental composites (Bioactive, Fill Up!, Surefil One, Cention N) and two commercially available self-cure dental composites (Stela Capsule and Stela Automix). Test specimens for flexural and compressive strength, microhardness, fracture toughness, and hydrolytic behaviour were prepared and tested as per respective standards. The data sets were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparison. RESULTS There was a substantial variation in flexural strength and modulus values in this study, ranging from 32.0 to 113.4 MPa and 2.36 to 12.07 GPa, respectively. Similarly, there were significant differences in compressive strength between the materials in this study, ranging from 119.3 to 223.5 MPa. The highest fracture toughness value was found to be 1.41 MPa.m0.5, while the lowest value was 0.43 MPa.m0.5. Variations in surface microhardness were significant (24.11-68.0 N/mm2), which correlated with the filler content. Water sorption and solubility demonstrated high variations among materials, with Surefil One exceeding ISO 4049 thresholds significantly. CONCLUSIONS A linear correlation can be established between surface microhardness (HV) and flexural and compressive moduli, as well as filler content (wt.%). However, both flexural and compressive strengths are impacted by the resin's constituent monomers and the resin-filler matrix's cross-linking capability. Additionally, factors such as filler size, shape, and the cross-linking ability of the resin-filler matrix play a crucial role in fracture toughness and the propagation of cracks within the restoration. Also, resin monomers and filler particle size affect the hydrolytic degradation characteristics of composites, which can also affect their mechanical properties. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thadathil Varghese
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Raju
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Farrar
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Prentice
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - B G Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Composites Manufacturing CRC Ltd. (ACM CRC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Khairy NM, Elkholany NR, Elembaby AE. Evaluation of surface microhardness and gingival marginal adaptation of three different bulk-fill flowable resin composites: A comparative study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:920-929. [PMID: 38404208 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate surface microhardness and gingival marginal adaptation of three different bulk-fill flowable resin composites (FB-RBCs) in Class V cavities with enamel or dentin margins before and after thermocycling (TMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three available FB-RBCs were used; Palfique Bulk Flow (PaBF) (Tokuyama Dental), SDR Flow+ Bulk Fill Flowable (Dentsply Sirona), and I-Flow Bulk Fill (I-Dental). Thirty discs were prepared from each type of FB-RBCs. The discs were subjected to Vickers microhardness tester machine. Class V cavities were prepared on 180 molars. Gingival margins of half the specimens were prepared above CEJ and the other half below CEJ. Cavities were restored with FB-RBCs for gingival marginal adaptation test. Two-way ANOVA was used in microhardness, while three-way ANOVA was used for marginal adaptation. RESULTS The used materials showed statistically significant differences in microhardness and marginal adaptation. CONCLUSIONS Regarding microhardness, PaBF showed the highest value before TMC and SDR was the highest after TMC. Regarding marginal adaptation, SDR revealed the best marginal adaptation than PaBF and I-flow, either subjected to TMC or not. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The longevity of cervical restorations depend on both the location of the cavity margin and the material used. The microfractures in resin composite surface due to low surface microhardness as well as marginal gaps seen in laboratory studies could be considered as an indicative parameter for clinical problem associated with marginal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Medhat Khairy
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Rizk Elkholany
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt
| | - Abeer Elsayed Elembaby
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Aldakhlia, Egypt
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9
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González CC, Ñaupari-Villasante R, Dos Santos de Castro A, Mendez-Bauer L, Dávila-Sanchez A, Aliaga-Sancho P, Gutierrez MF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Clinical evaluation of posterior restorations over wet and dry dentin using an etch-and-rinse adhesive: A 36-month randomized clinical trial. Dent Mater 2024; 40:619-628. [PMID: 38369403 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical performance of posterior restorations over wet and dry dentin with an etch-and-rinse adhesive after 36 months of clinical service. METHODS Forty-five participants were recruited, each one had at least two posterior teeth that needed restoration. Ninety restorations were placed on Class I or Class II cavities. For the restoration protocol, a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) was applied over wet (WD) or dry dentin (DD) and later restored with a bulk-fill composite (Filtek Bulk Fill) under rubber dam isolation. Each restoration was evaluated using the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria after 6, 12, and 36 months of clinical service, regarding the following principal restoration characteristics: postoperative sensitivity, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, fracture of material and retention, and recurrence of caries. Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance rank (α = 0.05) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS After 36 months of clinical evaluation, no significant difference between groups was observed in each FDI criterion (p > 0.05). Twenty restorations (WD=10, DD=10) showed minor marginal staining, and twenty-two restorations (WD=11, DD=11) presented small marginal adaptation defects (p > 0.05). Four restorations were lost (WD = 2, DD = 2) and the fracture rates (95% confidence interval) were 94.9% for each one, without significant difference between wet and dry dentin (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The degree of dentin moisture does not seem to affect the clinical performance of a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive in posterior restorations when the adhesive is applied vigorously over the dentine surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C González
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Romina Ñaupari-Villasante
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luján Mendez-Bauer
- Research Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Francisco Marroquím University, Guatemala city, Guatemala
| | - Andrés Dávila-Sanchez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Aliaga-Sancho
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario Felipe Gutierrez
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile; University of Chile, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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10
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Fráter M, Grosz J, Jakab A, Braunitzer G, Tarjányi T, Gulyás G, Bali K, Villa-Machado PA, Garoushi S, Forster A. Evaluation of microhardness of short fiber-reinforced composites inside the root canal after different light curing methods - An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106324. [PMID: 38113823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) materials make it possible to reinforce root canal treated teeth with individualized, directly layered intraradicular posts (the Bioblock technique). The question arises, however, as to whether the photopolymerization of the material is sufficient deep within the root canal space and if it can be improved through different light-conducting options. Our study aimed to investigate the hardness of intraradicular SFRC material applied using the Bioblock technique and cured with various illumination methods, as measured through nanoindentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this investigation, thirty plastic artificial teeth that had undergone root canal treatment were selected. These teeth were randomly divided into six study groups (Group 1-6; each group consisting of 5 teeth). The restoration procedures involved the use of SFRC or conventional composite materials, placed 6 mm apically from the root canal orifice. In Group 1 and 2, a conventional composite was used, whereas in Group 3-6, SFRC was employed for interradicular reinforcement (with a layered technique in Group 3 and 4 and a bulk-fill technique in Group 5 and 6). A modified light source was utilized for photopolymerization in Group 2, 4, and 6, whereas in Group 3 and 5, the polymerization light was directed through a prefabricated glass fiber posts. The control group (Group 1) utilized conventional composite material with a standard light-curing method. Following embedding and sectioning, the hardness of the composite materials was measured at 2 mm intervals within the root canal (1st, 2nd, 3rd measurements, in the coronal to apical direction). RESULTS During the 1st measurement, light curing conducted through the glass fiber posts (Group 3 and 5) led to markedly higher hardness levels compared to the groups restored with conventional composite (control group with p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and Group 2 with p = 0.043, p = 0.034, respectively). In the 2nd measurement, only Group 5 demonstrated significantly greater hardness in comparison to the control group (p = 0.003) and Group 2 (p = 0.015). However, in the 3rd measurement, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups. CONCLUSION light curing through the glass fiber post provides outstanding hardness for the SFRC material in the apical layer in the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Fráter
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Grosz
- Urban Regeneration Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Jakab
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Tarjányi
- SEMILAB Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gulyás
- SEMILAB Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bali
- SEMILAB Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Alzahrani B, Alshabib A, Awliya W. The Depth of Cure, Sorption and Solubility of Dual-Cured Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6673. [PMID: 37895655 PMCID: PMC10608248 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine depth of cure (DoC), mass change, water sorption and solubility of dual-cured bulk-fill restorative materials (Surfil One and Activa) in comparison with a light-cured bulk-fill composite (Filtek One Bulk-Fill) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC). Twenty specimens were prepared of each material using stainless steel molds designed with a slot (8 × 4 × 2 mm) and irradiated for either 20 or 40 s. The Vickers hardness (VHN) was measured at every 0.5 mm to assess the DoC after 24 h of storage at 37 °C. The depth of cure was reported as the depth corresponding to 80% of the maximum Vickers hardness. Disc-shaped specimens were prepared of each material (n = 5) to investigate mass change, sorption and solubility after 4 months of water storage. The data were analyzed using a two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Fuji II LC had the greatest DoC while Activa had the lowest. The two different irradiation times did not demonstrate a significant difference in DoC for all dual-cured materials (p > 0.05). Fuji II LC had the highest sorption while Filtek One showed the lowest. Surefil One and Fuji II LC had a negative solubility. This study concluded that dual-cured materials showed different depth of cure values despite having the same setting reaction. Both materials exhibited a high water sorption, which might jeopardize their dimensional stability and effect their clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
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12
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Sedky RA, Chew HP, Nour KA, Abuelsadat SM, Elsherbini D, Fok ASL. Interfacial integrity of bulk-fill resin composite restorations in deep Class-II cavities. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:692-699. [PMID: 37612062 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the interfacial integrity of deep (6 mm) Class-II (OM/OD) restorations placed using different bulk-fill resin composites [Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (BF) and Filtek™ Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (BP) (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA)] of different increment thicknesses (2 or 4 mm). BP was used for capping in all cases, while Filtek™ Z250 Universal Restorative (3M ESPE) was used as the control material. Interfacial debonding was measured during curing through acoustic emission (AE), followed by image analysis using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness testing was also conducted to assess degree of conversion. Depth of cure was adequate in all restorations. Specimens with 4-mm thick first increment of BF, which had a higher shrinkage strain, produced most AE events and debonding. Thus, bulk filling of deep cavities using bulk-fill resin composites with a high shrinkage strain should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hooi Pin Chew
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota
| | - Khaled Aly Nour
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University
| | | | - Dina Elsherbini
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota
| | - Alex Siu Lun Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota
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13
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Burrer P, Par M, Fürer L, Stübi M, Marovic D, Tarle Z, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Effect of polymerization mode on shrinkage kinetics and degree of conversion of dual-curing bulk-fill resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3169-3180. [PMID: 36869923 PMCID: PMC10264464 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the behavior of dual-cure and conventional bulk-fill composite materials on real-time linear shrinkage, shrinkage stress, and degree of conversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two dual-cure bulk-fill materials (Cention, Ivoclar Vivadent (with ion-releasing properties) and Fill-Up!, Coltene) and two conventional bulk-fill composites (Tetric PowerFill, Ivoclar Vivadent; SDR flow + , Dentsply Sirona) were compared to conventional reference materials (Ceram.x Spectra ST (HV), Dentsply Sirona; X-flow; Dentsply Sirona). Light curing was performed for 20 s, or specimens were left to self-cure only. Linear shrinkage, shrinkage stress, and degree of conversion were measured in real time for 4 h (n = 8 per group), and kinetic parameters were determined for shrinkage stress and degree of conversion. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Pearson's analysis was used for correlating linear shrinkage and shrinkage force. RESULTS Significantly higher linear shrinkage and shrinkage stress were found for the low-viscosity materials compared to the high-viscosity materials. No significant difference in degree of conversion was revealed between the polymerization modes of the dual-cure bulk-fill composite Fill-Up!, but the time to achieve maximum polymerization rate was significantly longer for the self-cure mode. Significant differences in degree of conversion were however found between the polymerization modes of the ion-releasing bulk-fill material Cention, which also exhibited the significantly slowest polymerization rate of all materials when chemically cured. CONCLUSIONS While some of the parameters tested were found to be consistent across all materials studied, heterogeneity increased for others. CLINICAL RELEVANCE With the introduction of new classes of composite materials, predicting the effects of individual parameters on final clinically relevant properties becomes more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Burrer
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leo Fürer
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Stübi
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jakupović S, Pervan N, Mešić E, Gavranović-Glamoč A, Bajsman A, Muratović E, Kazazić L, Kantardžić-Kovačević A. Assessment of Microhardness of Conventional and Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Using Different Light-Curing Intensity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102250. [PMID: 37242825 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study evaluates the effect of a conventional/low-voltage light-curing protocol (LV protocol) (10 s with 1340 mW/cm2) and high-voltage light-curing protocol (HV protocol) (3 s with 3440 mW/cm2) on the microhardness (MH) of dental resin-based composites (RBCs). Five resin composites were tested: conventional Evetric (EVT), Tetric Prime (TP), Tetric Evo Flow (TEF), bulk-fill Tetric Power Fill (PFL), and Tetric Power Flow (PFW). (2) Materials and Methods: Two tested composites (PFW and PFL) were designed for high-intensity light curing. The samples were made in the laboratory in specially designed cylindrical molds; diameter = 6 mm and height = 2 or 4 mm, depending on the type of composite. Initial MH was measured on the top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens 24 h after light curing using a digital microhardness tester (QNESS 60 M EVO, ATM Qness GmbH, Mammelzen, Germany). The correlation between the filler content (wt%, vol%) and the MH of the RBCs was tested. For the calculation of depth-dependent curing effectiveness, the bottom/top ratio for initial MH was used. (3) Conclusions: MH of RBCs is more dependent on material composition than on light-curing protocol. Filler wt% has a greater influence on MH values compared to filler vol%. The bottom/top ratio showed values over 80% for bulk composites, while for conventional sculptable composites, borderline or suboptimal values were measured for both curing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Jakupović
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nedim Pervan
- Department of Mechanical Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elmedin Mešić
- Department of Mechanical Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alma Gavranović-Glamoč
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anita Bajsman
- Department of Dental Morphology with Dental Anthropology and Forensics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enis Muratović
- Department of Mechanical Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Kazazić
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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15
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Daabash R, Alshabib A, Alqahtani MQ, Price RB, Silikas N, Alshaafi MM. Ion releasing direct restorative materials: Key mechanical properties and wear. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1866-1877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Gilli M, Hollaert TG, Setbon HM, des Rieux A, Leprince JG. Quality of Cure in Depth of Commercially Available Bulk-fill Composites: A Layer-by-layer Mechanical and Biological Evaluation. Oper Dent 2022; 47:437-448. [PMID: 35917249 DOI: 10.2341/21-084-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite their popularity, the use of bulk-fill composites remains controversial, both in terms of their properties and their in-depth development. The objectives of the present work were (1) to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the quality of cure in depth of commercially available bulk-fill composites by combining various key mechanical and biological characterization methods, (2) to evaluate the inter-material differences when optimally cured, and (3) to evaluate the efficiency of an antioxidant-N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)-to restrain the adverse effects of the leached components on cell viability. Nine bulk-fill composites (including flowable and high-viscosity materials) were investigated and compared to two conventional resin-based composites, one flowable and one high-viscosity restorative material. The materials were injected or packed into Teflon molds of various configurations, up to 6 mm material thickness. They were then light-cured from the top for 20 seconds with Bluephase G2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, irradiance = 1050 mW/cm2). The following physicomechanical properties were measured for the upper (0-2 mm), intermediate (2-4 mm), and lower (4-6 mm) layers: degree of conversion using Raman Spectrometry (DC, in %), microhardness using a Vickers micro-indenter before (VHN dry) and after 24 hours of storage in ethanol (VHN EtOH), and flexural strength (in MPa) and flexural modulus (in GPa) using a three-point bend test. Each composite layer and an uncured layer were also stored for one week in a standard cell growth medium to generate conditioned media. Human dental pulp cells were then cultured for 24 hours with the latter and cell viability was measured using an MTS assay. A similar experiment was repeated with conditioned media produced in contact with uncured composites, with and without the addition of 4 mM NAC. The data were subjected to a Shapiro-Wilk test, then one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, followed either by Tukey's test (inter-material comparison) or by Dunnett's or Dunn's test (comparison between layers relative to the upper one). The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Some materials (EverX, X-traF, VenusBF, X-traB) did not show any significant differences (p>0.05) for any of the properties considered between the intermediate layers compared to the upper one (considered as reference). Others displayed significant differences, at least for some properties, highlighting the value of combining various key mechanical and biological characterization methods when investigating the quality of cure in depth. Significant inter-material differences (p<0.05) were observed when comparing the properties of their upper layer, considered as "optimally" polymerized. Hence, one needs to consider the absolute property values, not only their relative evolution concerning layer thickness. Finally, the use of NAC appeared as beneficial to reduce the risk of harmful effects to dental pulp cells, especially in case of excessive thickness use, and may therefore be of potential interest as an additive to composites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gilli
- *Matthieu Gilli, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T G Hollaert
- Thibaut G Hollaert, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H M Setbon
- Hugo M Setbon, private practice; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A des Rieux
- Anne des Rieux, DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Leprince
- Julian G. Leprince, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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A randomized clinical split-mouth trial of a bulk-fill and a nanohybrid composite restorative in class II cavities: Three-year results. Dent Mater 2022; 38:759-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Is the clinical performance of composite resin restorations in posterior teeth similar if restored with incremental or bulk-filling techniques? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2281-2297. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prochnow FHO, Kunz PVM, Correr GM, Kaizer MDR, Gonzaga CC. Relationship between battery level and irradiance of light-curing units and their effects on the hardness of a bulk-fill composite resin. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e45. [DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gisele Maria Correr
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina da Rosa Kaizer
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Polymer characteristics and mechanical properties of bulk-fill, giomer, fiber-reinforced and low-shrinkage composites. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh220129055p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective. The objective was to determine the degree of conversion (DC), cross-link density, percentage of leachable monomers, flexural strength (FS), and hardness (HV) of nanohybrid, nanofilled bulk-fill, giomer, fiber-reinforced, and low-shrinkage composites. Methods. Standardized specimens (n = 5/group) of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill, Beautifil, EverX posterior, Kalore, Filtek Z250 (microhybrid control), and Tetric EvoCeram (nanohybrid control) were subjected to micro-Raman spectroscopy, three-point bending, and HV. Cross-linking density and leachable monomers were ascertained based on the ratio of HV and DC before and after immersion in absolute ethanol. Results. DC was in the range 50.4?70.5%, the highest for Filtek Bulk and the lowest for Kalore. The highest %DC change was in Beautifil (10.3%) and the lowest in Filtek Bulk (1.4%) and Z250 (1.28%). FS ranged between 78.9 MPa (TEC) and 126.7 MPa (Filtek Bulk). HV ranged between 58.6 (Kalore) and 113.9 (Z250) and significantly decreased post-immersion (19?55%). HV48h inversely correlated to HV% loss (r = -0.761), whilst DC positively correlated with FS (r = 0.893). Conclusion. Filtek Bulk, EverX, and Z250 showed the highest DC. The lowest DC and mechanical properties were observed for Kalore. The greatest cross-link density was shown by Filtek Bulk. There were up to 10% of leachable monomers. DC and FS positively correlated.
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Vukelja J, Klarić Sever E, Sever I, Jukić Krmek S, Tarle Z. Effect of Conventional Adhesive Application or Co-Curing Technique on Dentin Bond Strength. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247664. [PMID: 34947259 PMCID: PMC8709259 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of two different adhesive application methods on shear dentin bond strength (ISO 29022) using three various adhesive systems. A mid-coronal section of 77 intact third human molars with fully developed apices was made to create flat bonding substrates. The materials used in the study were Excite F (Ivoclar Vivadent), Prime&Bond Universal (Dentsply Sirona) and G-Premio Bond (GC). The application of each adhesion system was performed in two different ways. In the first group, the bonding agent was light cured immediately after the application (conventional method), while in the second group the adhesive and composite were cured concurrently (“co-curing” method). A total of 180 specimens were prepared (3 adhesives × 2 method of application × 30 specimens per experimental group), stored at 37 °C in distilled water and fractured in shear mode after 1 week. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Weibull statistics. The highest bond strength was obtained for Prime&Bond conventional (21.7 MPa), whilst the lowest bond strength was observed when co-curing was used (particularly, Excite F 12.2 MPa). The results showed a significant difference between conventional and co-curing methods in all materials. According to reliability analysis, the co-curing method diminished bond reliability. Different application techniques exhibit different bond strengths to dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Vukelja
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.S.); (S.J.K.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-598-183-8319
| | - Eva Klarić Sever
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.S.); (S.J.K.); (Z.T.)
| | | | - Silvana Jukić Krmek
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.S.); (S.J.K.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.S.); (S.J.K.); (Z.T.)
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Yazici AR, Uslu Tekce A, Kutuk ZB. Comparative evaluation of different adhesive strategies of a universal adhesive in class II bulk-fill restorations: A 48-month randomized controlled trial. J Dent 2021; 117:103921. [PMID: 34896442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical performance of the universal adhesive used in etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesive strategies for 48-month in class II bulk-fill restorations. METHODS A total of 84 class II bulk-fill resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) restorations were placed in 35 participants by one operator using the universal adhesive's (Adhese Universal VivaPen) etch-and-rinse or self-etch mode randomly. The restorations were evaluated by two calibrated examiners at baseline and after 6-, 12-, 24-, 36- and 48-month using modified USPHS criteria. The comparison of the two adhesive strategies for each evaluation criteria was performed with the chi-square test. The baseline scores were compared with those at the recalls using the Friedman and Cochran's Q-test (p < .05). RESULTS At 48-month, 74 restorations were evaluated in 30 participants (recall rate: 85.7%). Marginal discoloration was statistically more frequent in SE approach (p < .05), whereas no significant difference was observed between the two strategies in terms of marginal adaptation (p > .05). There were statistically significant differences between the baseline and 48-month recall in the SE group in terms of marginal adaptation and discoloration (p < .05). In ER group, significant differences were found between baseline and 48-month only for marginal adaptation (p < .05). None of the restorations showed post-operative sensitivity. Secondary caries was observed in one restoration from SE group. CONCLUSIONS The tested bulk-fill restorative exhibited better clinical performance only in terms of marginal discoloration when the universal adhesive was used with ER strategy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Though ER approach of the tested universal adhesive appears to be advantageous in terms of marginal discoloration, both adhesive strategies had similar impact on the clinical success of bulk-fill resin restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ruya Yazici
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Aybuke Uslu Tekce
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Bilge Kutuk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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Blum IR, Martos R, Szalóki M, Lynch CD, Hegedűs C. Effects of different surface treatments and adhesive self-etch functional monomers on the repair of bulk fill composites: A randomised controlled study. J Dent 2021; 108:103637. [PMID: 33766513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of different adhesive protocols on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and integrity of the repaired bulk fill composite interface. METHODS Two hundred and seventy composite blocks made of bulk fill composites of different viscosity were randomly assigned to 18 surface conditioning groups (n = 15/group). The universal adhesive systems used were Heliobond™, Tokuyama bond force II™ and Scotchbond Universal™. A nanohybrid resin composite was applied as the repair material. Negative and positive control groups were included. Stick shape specimens of each group were subjected to μTBS testing. Representative samples from all test groups were subjected to microscopic, profilometric and SEM examination to determine their mode of failure. The data were analysed statistically using two-way ANOVA test, Tukey's test and the independent t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean μTBS of all test groups ranged between 28.5 and 46.8 MPa and varied with the type of adhesive system employed. Significantly highest μTBS values were obtained when Tokuyama bond force II™ and Scotchbond Universal™ adhesives were used (p < 0.01) which were comparable to the coherent strength of the bulk fill resin composite in the positive control groups (p > 0.05). The viscosity of the bulk fill composite did not significantly influence repair bond strength. The microscopy and SEM examination of the failed interfaces revealed a mixture of adhesive and cohesive failures. CONCLUSIONS Under the tested conditions, significantly greater μTBS of repaired bulk fill composite was achieved when the substrate surface was treated with adhesive systems containing a functional monomer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Eff ;ecting a repair of a bulk fill resin composite restoration with the application of a functional monomer containing adhesive system, such as Tokuyama Bond Force II™ or Scotchbond Universal™, would seem to enhance the interfacial bond strength and integrity of the repaired resin composite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor R Blum
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Renáta Martos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Christopher D Lynch
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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24
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to perform optimization of photopolymerization process of dental composites in order to obtain maximum hardness. Samples (5 mm diameter; 2, 3 and 4 mm thickness) were made of Universal Composite (UC), Bulk fill Composite (BC) and Flowable Composite (FC). Light curing of specimens was performed with 600, 1000 and 1500 mW/cm2 light intensity and an irradiation time of 20, 40 and 60 s. Vickers microhardness on the top and bottom surfaces of samples was measured. Optimization was carried out via regression analysis using QStatLab software. Photopolymerization process parameters were calculated using a specially designed MatLab software-based algorithm. For all composites, regression models for hardness on top and bottom surfaces of composite layer were established. Layer thickness as well as hardness on top and bottom surfaces of each composite was calculated for 21 curing modes varying with light intensity and irradiation time. It was established that photopolymerization guidelines only of FC manufacturer guarantee the required hardness, while recommended regimes for UC and BC did not satisfy this requirement. Tables, containing recommended light curing regimes, were developed for three composite types, guaranteeing high hardness of composite restoration. They were designed to facilitate work of dentists in dental offices.
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Mauricio F, Medina J, Vilchez L, Sotomayor O, Muricio-Vilchez C, Mayta-Tovalino F. Effects of Different Light-curing Modes on the Compressive Strengths of Nanohybrid Resin-based Composites: A Comparative In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:184-189. [PMID: 34036081 PMCID: PMC8118049 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_423_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of polymerization conducted by using LED lamps of different wavelengths (polywave and monowave) on the compressive strengths of nanohybrid composite resins Filtek™ Bulk Fill - 3M and 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT. Materials and Methods The study was prospective, experimental in vitro, and comparative. The sample consisted of nanohybrid composite resins. The sample size (n) was 100 specimens, divided into 10 groups. CRIS (Checklist for Reporting In-vitro Studies) Guidelines were used for writing this article. Results There were statistically significant differences between all groups with P < 0.001. Group 2 (nanohybrid composite resin blocks 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT with Monowave LED lamps) showed the highest compressive strength of 238.36±34.69N; CI (213.55-263.18) N. This was followed by Group 4 (nanohybrid composite resin blocks 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT with Poliwave LED lamps, High Power) and Group 6 (nanohybrid composite resin blocks 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT with Poliwave LED lamps, Soft Star), with compressive strengths of 222.33 ± 53.09N, and 209.21 ± 22.52N, respectively. Conclusions Significant differences were found between the compressive strengths of 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT and Filtek™ Bulk Fill - 3M resins, and that of resins photopolymerized with monowave and polywave LED lamps and halogen light. Thus, the types of light and lamp directly influence the compressive strengths of the composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Mauricio
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Julia Medina
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Luzmila Vilchez
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Oscar Sotomayor
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - César Muricio-Vilchez
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Frank Mayta-Tovalino
- Postgraduate Department, CHANGE Research Working Group, Faculty of Health of Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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de Mendonça BC, Soto-Montero JR, de Castro EF, Pecorari VGA, Rueggeberg FA, Giannini M. Flexural strength and microhardness of bulk-fill restorative materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:628-635. [PMID: 33675162 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulk-fill materials can facilitate the restorative procedure mainly for deep and wide posterior cavities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate flexural strength (biaxial flexural strength [BFS]) and microhardness (Knoop microhardness [KHN]) at different depths of bulk-fill materials. METHODS Five bulk-fill materials were tested: two light-curable composite resins, one dual-cure composite, one bioactive restorative, and a high-viscosity glass ionomer. A conventional composite was used as control. BFS and KHN were tested at different depths. Data was analyzed by two- and one-way ANOVAs, respectively and Tukey's post-hoc (α=0.05). RESULTS The high-viscosity glass ionomer material presented the lowest BFS at all depths. KHN for the two light-curable and the dual-cure bulk-fill resin composites was reduced following an increase in restoration depth, while the conventional composite, the bioactive material, and the high-viscosity glass ionomer were not affected. CONCLUSION There are differences in the properties of the tested materials at 4 mm depth, showing that the studied properties of some materials vary according to the cavity depth, although the results are material dependent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical properties of light-cured, bulk-fill materials may be affected by inadequate polymerization. Clinicians should consider complementary strategies to achieve adequate polymerization at high-increment depths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Rodrigo Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, School of Dentistry, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Frederick Allen Rueggeberg
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Isaksson M, Rustemeyer T, Antelmi A. Contact Allergy to Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Durão MDA, Andrade AKMD, Santos MDCMDS, Montes MAJR, Monteiro GQDM. Clinical Performance of Bulk-Fill Resin Composite Restorations Using the United States Public Health Service and Federation Dentaire Internationale Criteria: A 12-Month Randomized Clinical Trial. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:179-192. [PMID: 33242913 PMCID: PMC8184274 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study was aimed to compare the 12-month clinical performance of two full-body bulk-fill resin composites Filtek bulk fill/3M ESPE (FBF) and Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill/Ivoclar Vivadent (TBF) and a conventional microhybrid resin composite Filtek Z250/3M ESPE (Z250) using the modified the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Also, the agreement between the two evaluation criteria was evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up.
Materials and Methods
A total of 138 class I and II restorations were placed in posterior teeth (split-mouth design) of 46 volunteers following manufacturer’s instructions and bonded with a self-etching bonding agent (Clear fill SE Bond/Kuraray). The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up by three previously calibrated dentists (Cohen’s
K
= 0.84).
Statistical Analysis
Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s Chi-squared test were used to evaluating the homogeneity of distribution of the clinical characteristics. Friedman’s test was applied to evaluate differences among the resin composites. The results obtained for the USPHS and FDI criteria at the different observation times were compared using the Wilcoxon test. A level of significance of 0.05 was adopted for all tests.
Results
After 12 months (recall rate, 78.3%,
n
= 36 patients), the overall success rate was 99.07% for both criteria. Only one failed restoration (0.93%) was detected for each system during follow-up in the TBF group.
Conclusion
The bulk-fill resin composites showed satisfactory clinical performance compared with conventional resin composite after 12 months. The percentage of the acceptable scores was significantly higher for the USPHS criteria, due to discrepancies in the score description for each criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia de Almeida Durão
- School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Agamenon Magalhães, S/N - Santo Amaro - Recife - PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Maciel de Andrade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Brazil
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Meenakshi CM, Sirisha K. Surface quality and color stability of posterior composites in acidic beverages. J Conserv Dent 2020; 23:57-61. [PMID: 33223643 PMCID: PMC7657429 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_291_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Consumption of acidic beverages has been reported to alter the physical and esthetic properties of resin composites, which in turn can affect clinical success. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acidic beverages on surface roughness and color stability of Filtek™ Bulk-Fill posterior restorative composite in comparison with Filtek P60 posterior restorative composite. Settings and Design: Ninety composite discs were used for surface change analysis and another ninety were used for color change analysis. Materials and Methods: Ninety Filtek P60 and Filtek Bulk-Fill composite discs were fabricated and divided into three subgroups according to the solutions – artificial saliva (control group), orange juice, and Coca-Cola® (test groups). The samples were immersed in each beverage for 10 min each day for 56 days. To measure the surface roughness, a profilometer was used, and the surface was qualitatively analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. A reflectance spectrophotometer was used for assessing the color change. Statistical Analysis Used: Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the surface alteration and color change values between the two composite groups and their respective three subgroups. Tukey's multiple post hoc test was performed for pair-wise comparison. Results: Filtek P60 had exhibited higher color change than Filtek Bulk-Fill in all immersion solutions. Coca-Cola resulted in highest staining in both the composites. Conclusions: The surface roughness and color change of both composites increased significantly in acidic beverages and more in Coca-Cola. Bulk-fill exhibited better surface quality and color stability than P60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chappidi M Meenakshi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kantheti Sirisha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Algamaiah H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Conversion kinetics of rapid photo-polymerized resin composites. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1266-1274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Par M, Marovic D, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tauböck TT. Effect of rapid high-intensity light-curing on polymerization shrinkage properties of conventional and bulk-fill composites. J Dent 2020; 101:103448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Camassari JR, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB, Puppin-Rontani J, Stipp RN, Puppin-Rontani RM, Paula ABD. Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bulk Fill Composites Submitted to Biodegradation by Streptococcus mutans. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:431-439. [PMID: 32901721 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Streptococcus mutans biofilm influence on the roughness (Ra), gloss (GU), surface hardness (KHN) and flexural strength (FS) of high viscosity bulk fill composites. Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), X-tra fil Bulk Fill (XF) and Filtek Z350 (FZ) were used. Ten discs of each composite were prepared for Ra, KHN and GU and 20 bars for the FS. After 24 h, specimens were polished and initial analyzes performed. Samples were sterilized and subjected to biodegradation for 7 days and final analyzes performed. Representative samples of each group were evaluated in Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were submitted to ANOVA two factors and Tukey test. XF presented the highest values (p<0.05) of Ra before and after biodegradation (0.1251; 0.3100), and FZ (0.1443) the lowest after biodegradation (p<0.05). The highest GU values (p<0.05) were observed for FZ (71.7; 62) and FBF (69.0; 64.6), and the lowest (p<0.05) for TNC (61.4; 53.3) and XF (58.5; 53.5), both before and after biodegradation. For KHN the highest values were obtained by XF (151.7; 106), and the (p< 0.05) lowest values for TNC (62.2; 51.8), both before and after biodegradation. The highest values (p<0.05) of FS were observed for FZ (127.6) and the lowest (p<0.05) for TNC (86.9); after biodegradation, XF (117.7) presented the highest (p<0.05) values compared to TNC and FZ." In conclusion, biodegradation increased Ra and decreased GU and KHN for all. Concerning FS, degradation provided a significant decreased value only for FZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodrigues Camassari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Américo Bortolazzo Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nobrega Stipp
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Bolzan de Paula
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Kaiser C, Price RB. Effect of time on the post-irradiation curing of six resin-based composites. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1019-1027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Haugen HJ, Marovic D, Par M, Khai Le Thieu M, Reseland JE, Johnsen GF. Bulk Fill Composites Have Similar Performance to Conventional Dental Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145136. [PMID: 32698509 PMCID: PMC7404092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to perform comprehensive characterization of two commonly used bulk fill composite materials (SDR Flow (SDR) and Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (FBF) and one conventional composite material (Tetric EvoCeram; TEC). Eleven parameters were examined: flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), degree of conversion, depth of cure, polymerisation shrinkage (PS), filler particle morphology, filler mass fraction, Vickers hardness, surface roughness following simulated toothbrush abrasion, monomer elution, and cytotoxic reaction of human gingival fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cancer cells. The degree of conversion and depth of cure were the highest for SDR, followed by FBF and TEC, but there was no difference in PS between them. FS was higher for bulk fill materials, while their FM and hardness were lower than those of TEC. Surface roughness decreased in the order TEC→SDR→FBF. Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and urethane dimethacrylate were found in TEC and FBF eluates, while SDR released BisGMA and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Conditioned media accumulated for 24 h from FBF and TEC were cytotoxic to primary human osteoblasts. Compared to the conventional composite, the tested bulk fill materials performed equally or better in most of the tests, except for their hardness, elastic modulus, and biocompatibility with osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard J. Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Minh Khai Le Thieu
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
| | - Janne E. Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
| | - Gaute Floer Johnsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
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35
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Nilsen BW, Mouhat M, Haukland T, Örtengren UT, Mercer JB. Heat Development in the Pulp Chamber During Curing Process of Resin-Based Composite Using Multi-Wave LED Light Curing Unit. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:271-280. [PMID: 32753976 PMCID: PMC7358186 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s257450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to investigate factors contributing to heat development during light curing of a flowable bulk-fill resin-based composite (SDRTM, Lot # 602000876, Dentsply Sirona, Konstanz, Germany) (RBC). Materials and Methods Temperatures were measured with calibrated thermocouples. A multi-wave light-emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU) was used (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein). In all experiments, the RBC was first cured (cured) for 30 s and, after 5 min of recovery time, received a second LCU irradiation (post-cured) for 30 s. The exothermic reaction was measured by calculating the Δ temperature between cured and post-cured RBC. In a cylinder-shaped polymer mold, temperature was recorded inside of RBC during curing (part 1) and light transmission through RBC during curing was investigated (part 2). Pulpal temperatures were assessed in an extracted third molar during light curing (part 3). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Results Increased thickness of RBC led to decreased pulp chamber temperatures. Inside RBC, there was a large variation in heat development between the cured and post-cured groups (p<0.05). The cured group absorbed more LCU irradiation than the post-cured group. Conclusion The irradiance of the LCU seemed to be a more important factor than exothermic reaction of RBCs for pulp chamber heat development. Flowable bulk-fill RBCs can act as a pulpal insulator against LCU irradiation, despite their exothermic curing reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wold Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mathieu Mouhat
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Haukland
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulf Thore Örtengren
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James B Mercer
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_39-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Isaksson M, Rustemeyer T, Antelmi A. Contact Allergy to Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_39-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miletic V, Marjanovic J, Veljovic DN, Stasic JN, Petrovic V. Color stability of bulk-fill and universal composite restorations with dissimilar dentin replacement materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:520-528. [PMID: 31580013 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine color changes in bulk-fill composite and universal composite restorations with dissimilar dentin replacement materials in extracted teeth after staining in red wine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cylindrical, 4 mm deep, class I cavities were prepared in 140 human molars. Bottom 2 mm was restored with Biodentine (Septodont), everX posterior (GC) or experimental HAP inserts. Each dentin replacement material was covered with a 2-mm layer of a universal composite Filtek Z250 or Z550 (3M ESPE) or Gradia Posterior (GC). Groups combining top composite layer and the underlying dentin replacement were designated as "composite_dentin replacement." Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent) were placed as a single 4-mm layer. Color measurements were performed using Vita Easyshade 4.0 (Vita Zahnfabrik) initially and after 48-hours storage in red wine at 37°C. RESULTS Color differences (ΔEoo ) ranged between 2.1 ± 0.7 (Z250_HAP) and 7.8 ± 1.1 (Z550_everX). EverX resulted in higher ΔEoo of the overlying composite than HAP (P < .001) and Biodentine (P = .006). Generally, ΔEoo was affected more by decreasing lightness (ΔL') than changes in chroma (ΔC'). CONCLUSIONS EverX resulted in higher ΔEoo of the restoration than Biodentine and experimental HAP after staining in red wine. No significant differences in ΔEoo may be expected in different composites with the same underlying dentin replacement material. The same was generally true for bulk-fill and universal composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Similar extent of color changes may be expected in bulk-fill and universal composites. Highly translucent everX might exhibit greater color differences irrespective of the capping composite than non-translucent materials. Clinicians have a wider choice of composite materials to cover a particular dentin replacement material, for example, everX or Biodentine, as similar color differences may be expected in various overlying composite brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Miletic
- University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Marjanovic
- University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje N Veljovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana N Stasic
- University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Violeta Petrovic
- University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinical performance and chemical-physical properties of bulk fill composites resin -a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e249-e264. [PMID: 31421957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of clinical and laboratory studies to compare the performance of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins in terms of polymerization shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusp deflection, marginal quality, degree of conversion, microhardness, flexural strength, fracture strength and clinical performance. DATA One hundred three articles were included in this study, and the Peto method was used to compare the bulk-fill and conventional composites using the RevMan software. SOURCES Searches were performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION Laboratory studies and randomized clinical trials comparing one of the previous detailed outcomes between bulk-fill and control composites were included. CONCLUSIONS The bulk-fill composite resins showed less shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusp deflection and microhardness than conventional composites, while both materials presented a similar marginal quality, flexural strength and fracture strength. Also, bulk-fill materials with regular viscosity showed similar shrinkage. The conversion of bulk-fill materials with flowable consistency were similar to conventional composite resins with a thickness of up to 2mm and greater than conventional composites with a thickness greater than 2mm. Despite these in vitro differences, the clinical performance of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins was similar in randomized clinical trials, with one to ten years of follow up. In conclusion, the bulk-fill materials show better or similar performance to the conventional materials in clinical trials and laboratory studies in terms of volumetric shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusps deflection and marginal quality, with the only exception being the lower level of microhardness observed for bulk-fill composites with thickness up to 2mm.
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Fahim SE, Mostafa MA, Abi-Elhassan MH, Taher HM. Clinical Behaviour and Marginal Sealing of Bulk-Fill Resin Composite Restorations Using Light Amplified High-Intensity LEDs Curing: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1360-1368. [PMID: 31110586 PMCID: PMC6514356 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delivering sufficient intensity output of curing lights is mandatory to ensure optimum cure and clinical success of bulk-fill resin composite restorations and to avoid undesirable clinical outcomes. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of using light amplified high intensity LED curing on the clinical performance and marginal sealing of posterior bulk-fill resin composite restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was designed as a randomised, controlled, double-blind, Unicenter, parallel, two arms, superiority trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Adult patients who required posterior tooth-coloured restorations were asked to participate in this trial. All participants signed written informed consent after being completely aware of the settings of the study. The participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were divided into two groups according to the type of light curing mode used. Adhesive compound proximal cavities were prepared. All restorative materials were applied according to the respective manufacturer’s instructions. Assessments of the restorations were done at baseline (one week after placement of the restoration), after 6 months and after 12 months using the modified US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. For quantitative assessment of the marginal sealing, resin replicas were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square, Mann Whitney, independent t-test and dependent t-tests. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the two groups for the tested clinical parameters along the study periods. For marginal analysis, there were no statistical differences between the intervention and control group at baseline and six months (p-value = 0.347 and 0.516) respectively. At 12 months the control group showed statistically significant higher percentages (p-value = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Light amplified high-intensity curing units have clinical performance comparable with the conventional LED.
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Omran TA, Garoushi S, Lassila LV, Vallittu PK. Effect of interface surface design on the fracture behavior of bilayered composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:276-284. [PMID: 31002749 PMCID: PMC6617810 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different interface designs on the load‐bearing capacity of bilayered composite structures (BLS). Cylindrical specimens of BLS were prepared from base composite of 3.5 mm thickness and surface composite of 1.5 mm thickness (n = 80). Two different base composites – flowable bulk‐fill (FBF) [smart dentin replacement (SDR)] and short fiber‐reinforced (FRC) (everX Posterior) – were evaluated, and conventional composite (G‐ænial Posterior) was used as the surface layer. Four different interface designs were used: (i) pyramidal; (ii) mesh; (iii) linear grooves; and (iv) flat surface (control). Three‐dimensional printed molds were fabricated to standardize the interface design between the surface and the base composites. The specimens were then statically loaded with a steel ball until fracture using a universal testing machine. Fracture types were classified into catastrophic, complete, and partial bulk. anova revealed that both the material and the interface design had a statistically significant effect on the load‐bearing capacity. Flowable bulk‐fill showed lower mean load‐bearing capacity than FRC in all the interface designs tested, except for the flat surface design. Fracture analysis showed that FRC demonstrated up to 100% partial bulk fractures with the pyramid interface design, but no incidence of catastrophic bulk fracture. By contrast, FBF demonstrated up to 84.6% and 40% catastrophic bulk fractures with the flat interface design but no incidence of partial bulk fracture. Consequently, the interface designs studied enhanced the fracture behavior of BLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Omran
- Finnish Doctoral Program in Oral Sciences (FINDOS), Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo V Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Turku, Finland.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
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Wavelength-dependent light transmittance in resin composites: practical implications for curing units with different emission spectra. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4399-4409. [PMID: 30972599 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate light transmittance as a function of wavelength for eight composite materials and compare the transmittance for blue light produced from two curing units with different emission spectra. MATERIALS AND METHODS Light transmittance through 2- and 4-mm-thick composite specimens was recorded in real time during 30 s of curing using a broad-spectrum (peaks at 405 and 450 nm) and a narrow-spectrum (peak at 441 nm) LED-curing unit. The spectral resolution of 0.25 nm and temporal resolution of 0.05 s resulted in a large amount of light transmittance data, which was averaged over particular spectral ranges, for the whole measurement period. Statistical analysis was performed using Welch ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc test, t test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The level of significance was 0.05 and n = 5 specimens per experimental group were prepared. RESULTS Light transmittance varied as a function of wavelength and time, revealing significantly different patterns among the tested materials. Light transmittance for different parts of curing unit spectra increased in the following order of emission peaks (nm): 405 < 441 < 450. Of particular interest was the difference in transmittance between 441 and 450 nm, as these peaks are relevant for the photoactivation of camphorquinone-containing composites. A high variability in light transmittance among materials was identified, ranging from statistically similar values for both peaks up to a fourfold higher transmittance for the peak at 450 nm. CONCLUSION Each material showed a unique pattern of wavelength-dependent light transmittance, leading to highly material-dependent differences in blue light transmittance between two curing units. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minor differences in blue light emission of contemporary narrow-peak curing units may have a significant effect on the amount of light which reaches the composite layer bottom.
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Rizzante FAP, Duque JA, Duarte MAH, Mondelli RFL, Mendonça G, Ishikiriama SK. Polymerization shrinkage, microhardness and depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:403-410. [PMID: 30918231 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present in vitro study assessed the polymerization shrinkage/PS, Knoop microhardness/KHN and depth of cure/DC of 9 different resin composites : Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable (FBF), Surefill SDR flow (SDR), Xtra Base (XB), Filtek Z350XT Flowable (Z3F), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (FBP), Xtra Fill (SF), Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF), Admira Fusion Xtra (ADM), and Filtek Z350XT (Z3XT). PS was assessed with a µ-CT machine, scanning 64 mm3 samples (n=8) before and after 20 s curing. KHN and DC were performed with a microhardness tester (n=8 for each group) right after 20 s light curing, with 3 readings per depth at every 0.5 mm. Low viscosity resin composites showed lower KHN values when compared with high viscosity resins. Z3XT showed the highest microhardness among the tested resin composites. Z3XT and Z3F showed lower DC when compared with bulk fill resin composites. All bulk fill resin composites presented depth of cure higher than 4.5 mm and similar or lower PS than conventional resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jussaro Alves Duque
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo
| | - Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Department of Biologic and Material Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry
| | - Sérgio Kiyoshi Ishikiriama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo
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Par M, Repusic I, Skenderovic H, Milat O, Spajic J, Tarle Z. The effects of extended curing time and radiant energy on microhardness and temperature rise of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3777-3788. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lempel E, Őri Z, Szalma J, Lovász BV, Kiss A, Tóth Á, Kunsági-Máté S. Effect of exposure time and pre-heating on the conversion degree of conventional, bulk-fill, fiber reinforced and polyacid-modified resin composites. Dent Mater 2018; 35:217-228. [PMID: 30503020 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the degree of conversion (DC) of different type of resin-based composites (RBC) in eight-millimeter-deep clinically relevant molds, and investigate the influence of exposure time and pre-heating on DC. METHODS Two-millimeter-thick samples of conventional sculptable [FiltekZ250 (FZ)], flowable [Filtek Ultimate Flow (FUF)] and polyacid-modified [Twinky Star Flow (TS)] RBCs, and four-millimeter-thick samples of flowable bulk-fill [Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBF), Surefil SDR (SDR)] and sculptable fibre-reinforced [EverX Posterior (EX)] RBCs were prepared in an eight-millimeter-deep mold. The RBCs temperature was pre-set to 25, 35 and 55°C. The RBCs were photopolymerized with the recommended and its double exposure time. The DC at the top and bottom was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Scheffe post-hoc test (p<0.05). RESULTS The differences in DC% between the top/bottom and the recommended/extended exposure time were significant for the materials, except SDR (64.5/63.0% and 67.4/63.0%). FUF (69.0% and 53.4%) and TS (64.9% and 60.9%) in 2mm provided higher DC% at the top and bottom with the recommended curing time, compared to the other materials, except SDR. Pre-heating had negative effect on DC at the bottom in flowable RBCs (FUF: 48.9%, FBF: 36.7%, SDR: 43%, TS: 54.7%). Pre-heating to 55 °C significantly increased the DC% in fibre-reinforced RBC (75.0% at the top, 64.7% at the bottom). SIGNIFICANCE Increased exposure time improves the DC for each material. Among bulk-fills, only SDR performed similarly, compared to the two-millimeter-thick flowable RBCs. Pre-heating of low-viscosity RBCs decreased the DC% at the bottom. Pre-heating of fibre-reinforced RBC to 55°C increased the DC% at a higher rate than the extended curing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adél Kiss
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Tóth
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Lima RBW, Troconis CCM, Moreno MBP, Murillo-Gómez F, De Goes MF. Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:492-501. [PMID: 30375146 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate scientific evidence regarding depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites (BFRCs) and related factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were accessed from October 2016 to May 2017. Investigations published in English language, assessing depth of cure of BFRCs by microhardness test and/or degree of conversion (DC) were included. Studies using exclusively ISO 4049, employing specimens deepness less than 4 mm, as well as those not reporting exposure time and/or irradiance from light curing units (LCUs) were excluded. RESULTS In total, 742 studies were found from which 33 were included. From 21 studies evaluating BFRCs microhardness, 10 showed acceptable bottom/top ratios (≥0.8) for all tested materials. However, material-dependent results and non-satisfactory bottom/top microhardness ratios (<0.8) were reported in 9 and 2 investigations, respectively. From 19 studies that assessed DC, 11 showed acceptable results (≥50%) for all tested BFRCs, while 8 studies reported material-dependent outcomes. Overall, irradiance from LCUs ranged from 650 to 1330 mW/cm2 and exposure time from 5 to 60 seconds. Favorable depth of cure results were observed with the use of LCUs emitting irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and exposure times ≥20 seconds. CONCLUSIONS High depth of cure rates by BFRCs, depends on some factors as material, irradiance and exposure time. Polywave LCUs were useful but not essential on polymerizing alternative photoinitiator-containing BFRC. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE LED curing devices (polywave or monowave) displaying an irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and 20 seconds of exposure time are imperative to accomplish successful polymerization of most BFRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renally Bezerra Wanderley Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Cristhian Camilo Madrid Troconis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marina Barrêto Pereira Moreno
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Fabián Murillo-Gómez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica-UCR, Rodrigo Facio "Campus,", San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Fernando De Goes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
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Par M, Tarle Z, Hickel R, Ilie N. Mechanical properties of experimental composites containing bioactive glass after artificial aging in water and ethanol. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2733-2741. [PMID: 30361794 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) in experimental composites on flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), modulus of resilience (MR), and material reliability after artificial aging in water for 1, 7, and 30 days, and an additional accelerated aging for 3 days in a 75 vol% ethanol-water solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five experimental light-curable composites were prepared with 0-40 wt% of BG and a total filler load of 70 wt%. The resinous matrix was Bis-GMA/TEGDMA in 60:40 by weight. Mechanical properties were evaluated using a three-point bending test (ISO/DIN 4049:1998) with n = 20. Weibull statistics were used to assess material reliability. Additionally, the degree of conversion (DC) was assessed 24 h post-cure using FT-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS FS and FM decreased linearly as the amount of BG was increased. The ISO 4049 requirement for a minimum FS of 80 MPa was fulfilled in experimental composites with up to 20 wt% of BG. Degradation of FS and FM with artificial aging was more extensive in materials with higher BG amounts. MR decreased as a function of BG amount and artificial aging. Material reliability (Weibull modulus) was stable through aging for composites with up to 10 wt% of BG. DC was negatively influenced by the BG amount and ranged from 64 to 81%. CONCLUSION Increasing the amount of unsilanized BG fillers from 0 to 40 wt% resulted in a progressive decline in mechanical properties and a more extensive degradation during artificial aging. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bioactive fillers diminished the mechanical properties in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Augusta Cesarca 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Augusta Cesarca 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, Munich, Germany
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Par M, Repusic I, Skenderovic H, Sever EK, Marovic D, Tarle Z. Real-time Light Transmittance Monitoring for Determining Polymerization Completeness of Conventional and Bulk Fill Dental Composites. Oper Dent 2018; 43:E19-E31. [PMID: 29284096 DOI: 10.2341/17-041-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To monitor the real-time changes in light transmittance during composite curing and to use transmittance data to determine the curing times required for a complete polymerization. METHODS Three conventional and three bulk fill composites were cured with two light-emitting diode curing units at layer thicknesses of 2 mm and 4 mm. The real-time light transmittance data were collected by a UV-Vis spectrometer in the wavelength range of 350-550 nm, plotted against time (t) and fitted to an exponential function f(t), whose first derivative ΔT(t) = df(t)/dt represented the rate of transmittance change. As the changing transmittance reflects structural changes that occur during polymerization, ΔT(t) > 0 was considered to indicate an ongoing polymerization, whereas ΔT(t) values approaching zero suggested a complete polymerization. This principle was used to determine times required for a complete polymerization (tcomplete) for each material/thickness/curing unit combination. RESULTS Light transmittance was significantly influenced by the material type, sample thickness, and curing unit, amounting to 2.9%-27.0% for the bulk fill and 0.7%-16.7% for the conventional composites. The values of tcomplete amounted to 15.3-23.3 seconds for the bulk fill composites at 2 mm, 20.2-33.3 seconds for the conventional composites at 2 mm, 26.9-42.1 seconds for the bulk fill composites at 4 mm, and 40.1-59.8 seconds for the conventional composites at 4 mm. Additionally, an exponential relationship was discovered between the light transmittance and tcomplete. CONCLUSIONS Some of the tcomplete values considerably exceeded the curing times recommended by the manufacturers.
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Marjanovic J, Veljovic DN, Stasic JN, Savic-Stankovic T, Trifkovic B, Miletic V. Optical properties of composite restorations influenced by dissimilar dentin restoratives. Dent Mater 2018; 34:737-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Gonçalves F, Campos LMDP, Rodrigues-Júnior EC, Costa FV, Marques PA, Francci CE, Braga RR, Boaro LCC. A comparative study of bulk-fill composites: degree of conversion, post-gel shrinkage and cytotoxicity. Braz Oral Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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