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Bian C, Lyu M, Zhu M, Yu C, Guo Y, Weir MD, Masri R, Bai Y, Xu HHK, Zhang N. New Generation of Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligature to Prevent Enamel Demineralization In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8409. [PMID: 39125977 PMCID: PMC11313520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize a novel elastomeric ligature with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) grafted, providing a new strategy for improving the issue of enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontics. DMAHDM was incorporated into elastomeric ligatures at different mass fractions using ultraviolet photochemical grafting. The antibacterial properties were evaluated and the optimal DMAHDM amount was determined based on cytotoxicity assays. Moreover, tests were conducted to evaluate the in vivo changes in the mechanical properties of the elastomeric ligatures. To assess the actual in vivo effectiveness in preventing enamel demineralization, a rat demineralization model was established, with analyses focusing on changes in surface microstructure, elemental composition, and nanomechanical properties. Elastomeric ligatures with 2% DMAHDM showed excellent biocompatibility and the best antibacterial properties, reducing lactic acid production by 65.3% and biofilm bacteria by 50.0% within 24 h, without significant mechanical property differences from the control group (p > 0.05). Most importantly, they effectively prevented enamel demineralization in vivo, enhancing elastic modulus by 73.2% and hardness by 204.8%. Elastomeric ligatures incorporating DMAHDM have shown great potential for application in preventing enamel demineralization, providing a new strategy to solve this issue during fixed orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Bian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Menghao Lyu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chaoran Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yiman Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Staun Larsen L, Nyvad B, Baelum V. Salivary fluoride levels after daily brushing with 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste: A randomised, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12934. [PMID: 37127433 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored salivary fluoride levels following toothbrushing with 5000 and 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste and determined the decline in salivary fluoride levels following the return from 5000 to 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste. The study was a randomised, controlled double-blind parallel clinical trial (n = 24/group) measuring salivary fluoride five times during a 3-week trial phase involving 2×/day use of 5000 or 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste, and five times during an ensuing 2-week wash-out phase where all participants used 1450 ppm toothpaste. Salivary fluoride was measured using a fluoride electrode and data were analysed using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. Baseline salivary fluoride geometric means were 0.014 and 0.016 ppm for the 1450 and 5000 ppm groups, while the values at the end of the trial phase were 0.023 and 0.044 ppm, respectively. During the trial phase, except at baseline, differences between groups were statistically significant. The salivary fluoride levels for the 5000 ppm group remained statistically significantly higher than for the 1450 ppm group only at the first measurement in the wash-out phase (≈30 h after the last 5000 ppm brushing), indicating that higher salivary fluoride levels resulting from use of 5000 ppm are sustained only as long as the brushing habit continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Staun Larsen
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Nyvad
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - V Baelum
- Section for Oral Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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de Sousa Lopes MS, Santana GB, Macena NS, Carvalho GAO, Mota BIS, Prado VLG, Vale GC. Nocturnal Salivary Fluoride Bioavailability After Brushing with a High-fluoride Dentifrice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:458-463. [PMID: 33665788 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of fluoridated dentifrices is recognized as the main reason for the decline of dental caries and its effect is associated with the bioavailability of fluoride (F) in the oral cavity. High-fluoride dentifrice has been indicated for patients at high risk of caries and management of root lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of F in saliva after the use of high-fluoride dentifrice during the nocturnal period. Fifteen healthy adults participated in this is in vivo and crossover study in which the concentration of F in their saliva was determined after brushing with the tested dentifrices: a conventional (1450 ppm F) or with high-fluoride concentration (5000 ppm F). Before brushing, the participants collected the non-stimulated saliva (baseline), immediately after brushing (time zero) and after 5min, 2h, 4h, and 8h, during the nocturnal period (between 10:00 pm and 06:00 am). The salivary F concentration was determined using a specific F ion electrode. Regarding statistical analysis, a paired t-test was used to compare dentifrices with p fixed at 5%. At baseline, there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.001). Immediately after brushing, both dentifrices increased the F salivary concentration, with the highest concentration reached in time zero; however, the use of 5000 ppm F dentifrice maintained the higher F salivary concentration at all times evaluated (p<0.001), remaining higher until 8 h after brushing. Furthermore, this treatment showed higher F bioavailability in relation to time, evaluated by the area under the curve (p<0.001). Thus, it can be concluded that the high-fluoride dentifrice increased the bioavailability of salivary F during the nocturnal period in comparison with conventional dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suzi de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella - SG 10, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bandeira Santana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella - SG 10, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Niciane Soares Macena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella - SG 10, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Guereth Alexsanderson Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella - SG 10, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Brenda Izabela Santana Mota
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella - SG 10, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Gomes Prado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella - SG 10, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Glauber Campos Vale
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella - SG 10, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil.
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Verma P, Muthuswamy Pandian S. Bionic effects of nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice on demineralised surface of enamel post orthodontic debonding: in-vivo split mouth study. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 34719755 PMCID: PMC8558117 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic debonding procedure produces inevitable enamel surface alterations, sequelae to which are enamel demineralization, sensitivity and retention of pigments. Several agents have been employed to counterbalance the same. The purpose of this study was (1) To evaluate the hypothesis that no significant difference exists in the remineralising potential of nano hydroxyapatite (NanoHAP) dentifrice and fluoridated dentifrice after orthodontic debonding, (2) To estimate the enamel topographic parameters following use of nano HAP dentifrice, post orthodontic debonding. METHODS Sixty upper first bi-cuspids (30 subjects) planned for therapeutic extraction for the orthodontic treatment were bonded with a light cured adhesive. Envelope method of randomisation was followed in this prospective in-vivo study. In each subject, one of the first premolar brackets was debonded using a debonding plier and polished following standard protocols. Envelope method of randomisation was used to determine the side of the premolar to be debonded first. Patient was advised to use fluoridated (Group I) dentifrice for the first 15 days, then the first premolar was covered with a heavy-bodied putty cap, extracted and subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contralateral first premolar was then debonded and polished using similar protocol, and patient was advised to use nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice (Group II) for next 15 days. The premolar was then extracted and analyzed for surface roughness using AFM. The remineralizing potential of dentifrices was assessed by evaluating surface roughness parameters of the two groups and were compared using a two-sample t test. RESULTS A significant difference was found amongst Group I (Fluoridated dentifrice) and Group II (NanoHAP dentifrice) (p > 0.001***) for enamel surface roughness variables which reflect remineralising potential of dentifrices. Group II showed significantly lesser value of surface roughness characteristics. CONCLUSIONS NanoHAP dentifrice was shown, after 15 days, to be superior to fluoridated dentifrice in remineralising enamel post orthodontic debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Verma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Srirengalakshmi Muthuswamy Pandian
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
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Cortês IT, Rosalen PL, Berto LA, Castro ML, Pedrini DL, Porto AN, Cogo-Müller K, Nobre Franco GC. Effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on biofilm formation and virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans UA159. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105091. [PMID: 33652302 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the biofilm formation on orthodontic brackets, acid production and expression of virulence genes of Streptococcus mutans UA159 (S. mutans). DESIGN S. mutans UA159 biofilm was formed on orthodontic brackets under exposure to adrenaline (100 μM), noradrenaline (50 μM) or PBS solution (control group) in triptone-yeast extract with 1 % sucrose. After 24 h, biofilm formation was quantified through Colony Forming Units / mL (CFU/mL) and RNA was extracted to perform gene expression analysis through real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-qPCR). Evaluation of acid production was carried out on planktonic cultures for 6 h. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was carried to determine statistical difference. The level of significance was set at 5 %. RESULTS Catecholamines stimulated biofilm formation of S. mutans in orthodontic brackets (p < 0,05) but did not interfere with acid production (pH reduction) or the expression of the tested genes related to biofilm formation (gtfB, gtfC, gbpA, gbpB, gbpC, gbpD and brpA), aciduric (relA) and acidogenic properties (ldh). CONCLUSIONS The present study was the first to demonstrate that catecholamines can stimulate S. mutans UA159 biofilm formation. These findings can contribute to clarify the role of stress on bacterial metabolism and contribute to the understanding of a possible role on caries development, mainly in orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Torres Cortês
- State University of Campinas, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- State University of Campinas, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Aranha Berto
- State University of Campinas, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- State University of Campinas, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; State University of Campinas, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Leal AMC, Beserra Dos Santos MV, da Silva Filho EC, Menezes de Carvalho AL, Tabchoury CPM, Vale GC. Development of an Experimental Dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and High Fluoride Concentration to Manage Root Dentin Demineralization. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7469-7479. [PMID: 33116482 PMCID: PMC7547140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-fluoride dentifrice is used to manage root caries, but there is no evidence whether its association with nanohydroxyapatite could provide an additional protection for root caries. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the effect of an experimental dentifrice with high fluoride (F−) concentration and nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) on root dentin demineralization. Materials and Methods After formulation of dentifrices, root dentin specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10) using different dentifrice treatments: placebo; nano-HA without F−; 1,100 µg F−/g; 1,100 µg F−/g + nano-HA; 5,000 µg F−/g; and 5,000 µg F−/g + nano-HA. A pH cycling model was performed for 10 days, in which treatments were performed twice a day. After that period, the longitudinal hardness was evaluated and the area of demineralization (ΔS) was calculated. The formulated dentifrices were evaluated for primary stability, cytotoxicity, and other technical parameters. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test with p set at 5% were used for data analysis. Results The experimental dentifrices were stable and had no cytotoxicity. Regarding dentin demineralization, the placebo group significantly increased ΔS compared to all other treatment groups (p<0.001). The dentifrices containing 5,000 µg F−/g, regardless of the presence of nano-HA, led to a smaller lesion area in relation to the other treatments (p<0.001). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that nano-HA reduced dentin demineralization, and dentifrice with 5,000 µg F−/g dentifrices, regardless of the presence of nano-HA, showed a greater reduction in root dentin demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Glauber Campos Vale
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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