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Gaviolli E, Collares FM, Balbinot GDS, Özcan M, Leitune VCB. Effect of adding ytterbium trifluoride filler particles on the mechanical, physicochemical and biological properties of methacrylate-based experimental resins for 3D printing. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00224-0. [PMID: 39095245 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To formulate an experimental methacrylate-based photo-polymerizable resin for 3D printing with ytterbium trifluoride as filler and to evaluate the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties. METHODS Resin matrix was formulated with 60 wt% UDMA, 40 wt% TEGDMA, 1 wt% TPO, and 0.01 wt% BHT. Ytterbium Trifluoride was added in concentrations of 1 (G1 %), 2 (G2 %), 3 (G3 %), 4 (G4 %), and 5 (G5 %) wt%. One group remained without filler addition as control (GC). The samples were designed in 3D builder software and printed using a UV-DLP 3D printer. The samples were ultrasonicated with isopropanol and UV cured for 60 min. The resins were tested for degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength, Knoop microhardness, softening in solvent, radiopacity, colorimetric analysis, and cytotoxicity (MTT and SRB). RESULTS Post-polymerization increased the degree of conversion of all groups (p < 0.05). G2 % showed the highest DC after post-polymerization. G2 % showed no differences in flexural strength from the G1 % and GC (p > 0.05). All groups showed a hardness reduction after solvent immersion. No statistical difference was found in radiopacity, softening in solvent (ΔKHN%), colorimetric spectrophotometry, and cytotoxicity (MTT) (p > 0.05). G1 % showed reduced cell viability for SRB assay (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE It was possible to produce an experimental photo-polymerizable 3D printable resin with the addition of 2 % ytterbium trifluoride as filler without compromising the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties, comparable to the current provisional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gaviolli
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic for Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Grymak A, Aarts JM, Cameron AB, Choi JJE. Evaluation of wear resistance and surface properties of additively manufactured restorative dental materials. J Dent 2024; 147:105120. [PMID: 38857647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the wear resistance of three additively manufactured dental crown materials (NextDent C&B MFH, Saremco print CROWNTEC and Bego VarseoSmile Crown) under two environmental conditions (dry and artificial saliva), two loads (49 N and 70 N) and two surface treatments (polished and glazed). METHODS A total of 120 specimens were divided into 24 groups and tested for wear under two loads (49 N and 70 N), surface treatment (polished or glazed), and environment (dry or submerged in artificial saliva). All samples underwent reciprocating wear testing at 1 Hz using a wear simulator, replicating 48 months of In Vivo conditions with a stainless-steel ball as the antagonist. The coefficient of friction (CoF), surface roughness, volumetric and vertical wear loss were measured and statistically analysed. Confocal microscopy assessed the surface properties of crown materials and the antagonists. RESULTS The NextDent material demonstrated the most homogenous wear, with relatively low vertical and volumetric loss across all groups (p < 0.004). NextDent and Bego materials performed similarly in artificial saliva regardless of the load type (p > 1.000). The CoF remained below 0.3 for all groups. All groups exhibited significant increases in surface roughness after testing, however, this did not correlate with an increase in the CoF. Confocal analysis revealed material deformities due to load and notable scratch marks on the stainless-steel antagonists. CONCLUSION It was found that all investigated addtively manufactured materials can be suggested for provisional use. Both vertical loss and volumetric loss results should be included for material evaluation. CoF and surface roughness should be implemented into wear evaluation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the practical value of additively manufactured dental crown materials, particularly for provisional restorations. However, their extended use requires careful consideration of individual patient needs, emphasising the need for judicious clinical application evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Grymak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - John M Aarts
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Cameron
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Australia; Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Adiguzel RM, Kose LK, Arhun N. Instrumental and Visual Evaluation of the Chameleon Effect of Single-shaded Composite Resins. Oper Dent 2024; 49:432-442. [PMID: 38987939 DOI: 10.2341/23-036-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the shade-matching ability of single-shade resin-based composite restorations in different thicknesses using both instrumental and visual techniques. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cavities with 4 mm diameter and 2 mm (n=96) or 3 mm (n=96) depth were prepared in acrylic incisor teeth of shades A2, A3, B3, and C2 and restored with three single-shade resin composites, Omnichroma (Tokuyama Dental America, Encinitas, CA, USA [OM]), Vittra APS Unique (FGM Dental Group, Joinville, SC, Brazil [VU]), Zenchroma (President Dental, Allershausen, Germany [ZC]), and a microhybrid resin composite (Filtek 3M Z250 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA [FZ]) of A2, A3, B3, and C2 shades. Readings were obtained using VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer for the teeth and restorations. The CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color difference formula was used, and the values were assessed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Forty-eight evaluators graded the shade match of 32 different specimens visually as (A) best shade match, (B) intermediate shade match, and (C) poor shade match. RESULTS FZ material achieved satisfactory matches for both thicknesses, across all shades, and OM material demonstrated statistically significant lower shade matches than the ZC and the FZ materials (p<0.05). VU exhibited poor shade match with the highest ΔE00 value on C2 shade. According to the visual examination, the best shade matches were observed for FZ on A3-shade and ZC on C2-shade teeth. CONCLUSIONS Shade matching for 2 mm and 3 mm-thick composite resin restorations is material- and tooth-shade dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Adiguzel
- *Ruhsan Moduruglu Adiguzel, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Başkent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - L K Kose
- Leyla Kerimova Kose, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Başkent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Arhun
- Neslihan Arhun, DDS, PhD, professor, Başkent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Alshabib A, Jurado CA, Azpiazu-Flores FX, Aldosary K, Tsujimoto A, Algamaiah H. Mechanical properties and degree of conversion of resin-based core build-up materials and short fiber-reinforced flowable resin-based composite. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:453-459. [PMID: 38692907 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), surface hardness (SH), and flexural strength (FS) of resin-based core build-up materials. Core build-up materials used were: MultiCore Flow (MCF); Activa (ACT); Core-X Flow (CXF); and everX flow (EVX), and DC, SH and FS were measured. An increase of DC was identified for all materials post-cure, except for EVX. The DC change percentage ranged from 5%-33%, and EVX was displayed the greatest DC rate. All materials displayed an SH increase after 30 days and the greatest increase was observed in ACT. At 1 h, the SH of EVX and CXF was different from the other materials. At 30 days, MCF displayed the greatest SH. All materials displayed an increase in their FS after 30 days except for EVX, and ranging 3%-36% were noticed. Differences observed between materials, thus clinician should be acquainted mechanical properties of these materials to ensure the success of the restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Jurado
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry
| | - Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba
- Center for Implant, Esthetic, and Innovative Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - Khalid Aldosary
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Saudi University College of Dentistry
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Catarino SO, Carvalho Ó, Veiga N, Torres O, Braem A, Souza JCM. Light transmittance through resin-matrix composite onlays adhered to resin-matrix cements or flowable composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106353. [PMID: 38194785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the thickness of resin-matrix composite blocks manufactured by CAD-CAM on the light transmittance towards different resin-matrix cements or flowable composites. METHODS Sixty specimens of resin-matrix composite CAD-CAM blocks reinforced with 89 wt% inorganic fillers were cross-sectioned with 2 or 3 mm thicknesses. The specimens were conditioned with adhesive system and divided in groups according to the luting material, namely: two dual-cured resin-matrix cements, two traditional flowable resin-matrix composites, and one thermal-induced flowable resin-matrix composite. Specimens were light-cured at 900 mW/cm2 for 40s. Light transmittance assays were preformed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light-curing. Microstructural analysis was performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoindentation tests were performed to evaluate mechanical properties for indirect evaluation of degree of monomers conversion. RESULTS Optical and SEM images revealed low thickness values for the cementation interfaces for the traditional flowable resin-matrix composite. The cement thickness increased with the size and content of inorganic fillers. The highest light transmittance was recorded for the onlay blocks cemented with the traditional flowable resin-matrix composites while a group cemented with the dual-cured resin-matrix cement revealed the lowest light transmittance. The elastic modulus and hardness increased for specimens with high content of inorganic fillers as well as it increased in function of the light transmittance. CONCLUSIONS The light transmittance of flowable resin-matrix composites was higher than that for resin-matrix cement after cementation to resin-matrix composites blocks. The type, size, and content of inorganic fillers of the luting material affected the thickness of the cement layer and light transmittance through the materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE On chair-side light curing, the transmission of visible light can be interfered by the chemical composition and viscosity of the luting materials. The increase in size and content of inorganic fillers of resin-matrix composites and luting materials can decrease the light transmittance leading to inefficient polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nélio Veiga
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal; Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Lima RO, Barros APO, Alencar CDM, Pereira KDF, Galvani LD, Vaz LG, Campos EAD, Kuga MC. Influence of using different translucent composite resins for customizing fiber post on the bond strength of self-adhesive cement to root dentin. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:112-118. [PMID: 38072411 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of different translucent resins (Z350 and Opallis) for customizing fiber posts and light-curing the cementation system using different LED equipment (V, Valo or R, Radii-Cal) on the bond strength and adhesive failure pattern at 24 h and 6 months. Eighty roots were prepared and divided into 4 groups (n=20): ZV (Z350 resin and LED Valo), ZR (Z350 resin and LED Radii-Cal), OV (Opallis resin and LED Valo), OR (Opallis resin and LED Radii-Cal). After post space preparation, the fiber post was customized and cemented with self-adhesive cement and light-curing using V or R LED equipment. Bond strength values were submitted to 2-way ANOVA test. ZV and ZR showed higher bond strength values than the other groups at 6 months of evaluation (p<0.05). The Z350 resin has a favorable influence on the bond strength of self-adhesive cement to root dentin, regardless of the LED polymerization equipment used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Oliveira Lima
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | | | - Cristiane De Melo Alencar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Center of the State of Pará (CESUPA)
| | | | - Lucas David Galvani
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - Luís Geraldo Vaz
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - Edson Alves De Campos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
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Bora PV, Sayed Ahmed A, Alford A, Pitttman K, Thomas V, Lawson NC. Characterization of materials used for 3D printing dental crowns and hybrid prostheses. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:220-230. [PMID: 38008797 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the filler weight percentage (wt%), filler and resin composition, flexural strength, modulus, and hardness of several 3D-printed resins to direct and indirect restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four 3D-printed resins (C&B MFH, Ceramic Crown, OnX, and OnX Tough), one milled resin composite (Lava Ultimate), one conventional composite (Filtek Supreme), and one ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) were evaluated. Filler wt% was determined by the burned ash technique, and filler particle morphology and composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Organic resin composition was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three-point bend flexural strength and modulus of the materials were determined by ISO 4049 or ISO 6872. Vickers microhardness was measured. Data were compared with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed for filler wt% versus flexural strength, modulus, and hardness. RESULTS 3D-printed resins were composed of various sized and shaped silica fillers and various types of methacrylate resins. Significant differences were found among filler wt% with some materials around 3% (C&B MFH), others between 33% and 38% (OnX Tough and OnX), others around 50% (Ceramic Crown), and some around 72% (Filtek Supreme and Lava Ultimate). All 3D-printed resins had significantly lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than the conventional and milled resin composites and ceramic material (p < 0.001). Filler wt% demonstrated a linear relationship with modulus (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.821) and hardness (p = 0.018, R2 = 0.787) but not flexural strength (p = 0.056, R2 = 0.551). CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed resins contain from 3% to 50% filler content. Filler wt% alone does not affect flexural strength, but strength may be affected by resin composition as well. Although the 3D-printed resins had lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than milled and conventional composite and ceramic, they demonstrated nonbrittle plastic behavior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The properties of 3D-printed resins vary based on their composition, which affects their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranit V Bora
- Division of Biomaterials, UAB School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Akram Sayed Ahmed
- Division of Biomaterials, UAB School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aaron Alford
- Department of Chemistry, UAB College of Arts and Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kirsten Pitttman
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, UAB School of Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, UAB School of Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathaniel C Lawson
- Division of Biomaterials, UAB School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Lee CH, Lee IB. Effect of translucency and absorbance of composite on temperature change during photopolymerization. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:894-900. [PMID: 37766575 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of translucency and absorbance of conventional (FiltekTM-Z350-XT) and bulk-fill (Tetric®-N-Ceram) composites on temperature change during photopolymerization, using a non-contact infrared sensor. Three shades from each composite were selected to prepare disk-shaped specimens (n=3), which then photopolymerized with LED-light for 20 s. A second light exposure was performed on the photopolymerized specimens. The first peak temperature rise during composite photopolymerization (ΔTtotal), second peak temperature rise by the light (ΔTlight), and net peak temperature rise by composite curing heat (ΔTcomposite) were obtained from the temperature change vs. time curve. The changes in ΔTtotal and ΔTlight with varying the composite shade were greater than those in ΔTcomposite. The conventional composite showed higher ΔTtotal and ΔTlight than bulk-fill composite. ΔTtotal and ΔTlight increased as translucency parameter decreased, and absorbance increased. The potential risk for heat-induced pulpal damage should be considered when selecting a composite shade, especially for deep cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ha Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
| | - In-Bog Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carvalho Ó, Catarino SO, Henriques B, Torres O, Braem A, Souza JCM. Effect of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through traditional or flowable resin-matrix composites for restorative dentistry. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5679-5693. [PMID: 37592003 PMCID: PMC10492747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the light transmission through five different resin-matrix composites regarding the inorganic filler content. METHODS Resin-matrix composite disc-shaped specimens were prepared on glass molds. Three traditional resin-matrix composites contained inorganic fillers at 74, 80, and 89 wt. % while two flowable composites revealed 60 and 62.5 wt. % inorganic fillers. Light transmission through the resin-matrix composites was assessed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light curing for 10, 20, or 40s. Elastic modulus and nanohardness were evaluated through nanoindentation's tests, while Vicker's hardness was measured by micro-hardness assessment. Chemical analyses were performed by FTIR and EDS, while microstructural analysis was conducted by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS After polymerization, optical transmittance increased for all specimens above 650-nm wavelength irradiation since higher light exposure time leads to increased light transmittance. At 20- or 40-s irradiation, similar light transmittance was recorded for resin composites with 60, 62, 74, or 78-80 wt. % inorganic fillers. The lowest light transmittance was recorded for a resin-matrix composite reinforced with 89 wt. % inorganic fillers. Thus, the size of inorganic fillers ranged from nano- up to micro-scale dimensions and the high content of micro-scale inorganic particles can change the light pathway and decrease the light transmittance through the materials. At 850-nm wavelength, the average ratio between polymerized and non-polymerized specimens increased by 1.6 times for the resin composite with 89 wt. % fillers, while the composites with 60 wt. % fillers revealed an increased ratio by 3.5 times higher than that recorded at 600-nm wavelength. High mean values of elastic modulus, nano-hardness, and micro-hardness were recorded for the resin-matrix composites with the highest inorganic content. CONCLUSIONS A high content of inorganic fillers at 89 wt.% decreased the light transmission through resin-matrix composites. However, certain types of fillers do not interfere on the light transmission, maintaining an optimal polymerization and the physical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization mode. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised, leading to variable physical properties and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), SC, 88040-900, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Orlanda Torres
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Trinca RB, Oliveira BA, Vilela HDS, Braga RR. Effect of calcium orthophosphate particle size and CaP:glass ratio on optical, mechanical and physicochemical characteristics of experimental composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:770-778. [PMID: 37423880 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate light transmittance (%T), color change (ΔE), degree of conversion (DC), bottom-to-top Knoop microhardness (KHN), flexural strength (BFS) and modulus (FM), water sorption/solubility (WS/SL) and calcium release of resin composites containing different dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD)-to-barium glass ratios (DCPD:BG) and DCPD particle sizes. METHODS Ten resin-based composites (50 vol% inorganic fraction) were prepared using BG (0.4 µm) and DCPD particles (12 µm, 3 µm or mixture) with DCPD:BG of 1:3, 1:1 or 3:1. A composite without DCPD was used as a control. DC, KHN, %T and ΔE were determined in 2-mm thick specimens. BFS and FM were determined after 24 h. WS/SL was determined after 7 d. Calcium release was determined by coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha: 0.05). RESULTS %T was significantly reduced in composites with milled, compared to pristine DCPD (p < 0.001). ΔE > 3.3 were observed with DCPD:BG of 1:1 and 3:1 formulated with milled DCPD (p < 0.001). DC increased at 1:1 and 3:1 DCPD:BG (p < 0.001). All composites presented bottom-to-top KHN of at least 0.8. BFS was not affected by DCPD size but was strongly dependent on DCPD:BG (p < 0.001). Reductions in FM were observed with milled DCPD (p < 0.001). WS/SL increased with DCPD:BG (p < 0.001). At 3DCPD: 1BG, using small DCPD particles led to a 35 % increase in calcium release (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE A trade-off between strength and Ca2+ release was observed. In spite of its low strength, the formulation containing 3 DCPD: 1 glass and milled DCPD particles is preferred due to its superior Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bergamo Trinca
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Almeida Oliveira
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Brazil.
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Souza JCM, Raffaele-Esposito A, Carvalho O, Silva F, Özcan M, Henriques B. Surface modification of zirconia or lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic by laser texturing to increase the adhesion of prosthetic surfaces to resin cements: an integrative review. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05016-z. [PMID: 37069409 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to perform an integrative review on laser texturing the inner surface of lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic or zirconia to increase their bond strength to resin-matrix cements. MATERIALS AND METHOD A bibliographic review was performed on PubMed using the following search terms: "zirconia" OR "lithium disilicate" AND "laser" AND "surface" OR "roughness" AND "bond strength" AND "luting agent" OR "resin cement." Studies published in English language until March 15, 2023, were selected regarding the purpose of this study. RESULTS A total of fifty-six studies were identified althoug thirteen studies were selected. The findings revealed that zirconia surfaces were significantly modified after laser irradiation resulting in macro-scale aligned retentive regions with depth values ranging from 50 to 120 µm. Average roughness values of laser-textured zirconia by Er,Cr:YSGG laser (~ 0.83 µm) were quite similar when compared to grit-blasted zirconia surfaces (~ 0.9 µm) although roughness increased up to 2.4 µm depending on the laser type and parameters. Lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics textured with Er:YAG revealed an average roughness of around 3.5 µm while surfaces textured using Nd:YAG laser revealed an average roughness of 2.69 µm; that was quite similar to the roughness values recorded for etched surfaces (2.64 µm). The shear bond strength (SBS) values of zirconia surfaces textured on Nd:YVO4 laser irradiation were slightly higher (~ 33.5 MPa) than those recorded for grit-blasted zirconia surfaces (28 MPa). Laser-textured zirconia surfaces on CO2 laser revealed higher SBS values (18.1 ±0.8 MPa) than those (9.1 ± 0.56 MPa) recorded for untreated zirconia surfaces. On lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics, higher SBS values to resin-matrix cements were recorded for specimens textured with a combination of fractional CO2 laser irradiation and HF acid etching (~ 22-24 MPa) when compared with grit-blasted specimens (12.2 MPa). Another study revealed SBS values at around 27.5 MPa for Er:YAG-textured lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics to resin-matrix cements. CONCLUSIONS The laser irradiation at high power increases the roughness of the inner surface of lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic or zirconia leading to an enhanced bond strength to resin-matrix cements. Thus, the laser type and irradiation parameters can be adjusted to enhance the macro- and micro-scale retention of zirconia and glass ceramic surfaces to resin-matrix cements. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alternative methods for surface modification of lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic and zirconia surfaces have been assessed to provide proper morphological aspects for enhanced adhesion to resin-matrix cements. An increase in the bond strength of glass ceramics or zirconia to resin-matrix cements can improve the long-term performance of cemented prosthetic structures in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio C M Souza
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Portugal.
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, 4585-116, Portugal.
| | | | - Oscar Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Calheiros-Lobo MJ, Vieira T, Carbas R, da Silva LFM, Pinho T. Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Resin Luting Cement in CAD-CAM Blocks-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2996. [PMID: 37109832 PMCID: PMC10140979 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) are used because of their mechanical properties, ease of cementation protocols, and lack of requirements for acid conditioning or adhesive systems. SARCs are generally dual-cured, photoactivated, and self-cured, with a slight increase in acidic pH, allowing self-adhesiveness and increasing resistance to hydrolysis. This systematic review assessed the adhesive strength of SARC systems luted to different substrates and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic blocks. The PubMed/MedLine and Science Direct databases were searched using the Boolean formula [((dental or tooth) AND (self-adhesive) AND (luting or cement) AND CAD-CAM) NOT (endodontics or implants)]. Of the 199 articles obtained, 31 were selected for the quality assessment. Lava Ultimate (resin matrix filled with nanoceramic) and Vita Enamic (polymer-infiltrated ceramic) blocks were the most tested. Rely X Unicem 2 was the most tested resin cement, followed by Rely X Unicem > Ultimate > U200, and μTBS was the test most used. The meta-analysis confirmed the substrate-dependent adhesive strength of SARCs, with significant differences between them and between SARCs and conventional resin-based adhesive cement (α < 0.05). SARCs are promising. However, one must be aware of the differences in the adhesive strengths. An appropriate combination of materials must be considered to improve the durability and stability of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Calheiros-Lobo
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Conservative Dentistry, Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Vieira
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Carbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucas F. M. da Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S—Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Institute of Innovation and Investigation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Torres O, Carvalho Ó, Silva FS, Catarino SO, Özcan M, Souza JCM. A Scoping Review on the Polymerization of Resin-Matrix Cements Used in Restorative Dentistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1560. [PMID: 36837188 PMCID: PMC9961405 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In dentistry, clinicians mainly use dual-cured or light-cured resin-matrix cements to achieve a proper polymerization of the organic matrix leading to enhanced physical properties of the cement. However, several parameters can affect the polymerization of resin-matrix cements. The main aim of the present study was to perform a scoping review on the degree of conversion (DC) of the organic matrix, the polymerization, and the light transmittance of different resin-matrix cements used in dentistry. A search was performed on PubMed using a combination of the following key terms: degree of conversion, resin cements, light transmittance, polymerization, light curing, and thickness. Articles in the English language published up to November 2022 were selected. The selected studies' results demonstrated that restorative structures with a thickness higher than 1.5 mm decrease the light irradiance towards the resin-matrix cement. A decrease in light transmission provides a low energy absorption through the resin cement leading to a low DC percentage. On the other hand, the highest DC percentages, ranging between 55 and 75%, have been reported for dual-cured resin-matrix cements, although the polymerization mode and exposure time also influence the DC of monomers. Thus, the polymerization of resin-matrix cements can be optimized taking into account different parameters of light-curing, such as adequate light distance, irradiance, exposure time, equipment, and wavelength. Then, optimum physical properties are achieved that provide a long-term clinical performance of the cemented restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana O. Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Júlio C. M. Souza
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Root canal disinfection and maintenance of the remnant tooth tissues by using grape seed and cranberry extracts. Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00766-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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