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Xiao X, Zhang Y, Sun K, Liu S, Li Q, Zhang Y, Godspower BO, Xu T, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu Y. Enzymatic and ultrasound assisted β-cyclodextrin extraction of active ingredients from Forsythia suspensa and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106944. [PMID: 38878712 PMCID: PMC11227030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
With the proposal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Chinese medicine extraction technology has been innovatively improved to prioritize low energy consumption, sustainability, and minimized organic solvent utilization. Forsythia suspensa (FS) possesses favorable pharmacological properties and is extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the limitations of the composition and extraction methods, its potential has not been fully developed. Thus, a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and β-cyclodextrin extraction (β-CDE) was employed to isolate and purify rutin, phillyrin, and forsythoside A from FS. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of extracting enzymatic and ultrasound assisted β-cyclodextrin extraction (EUA-β-CDE) was highly influenced by the temperature and duration of hydrolysis, as well as the duration of the extraction process. According to the results of the single-factor experiment, Box-Behnken design (BBD) in Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the experimental parameters to achieve the maximum comprehensive evaluation value (CEV) value. The EUA-β-CDE compared with other extraction methods, has good extraction effect and low energy consumption by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), calculation of power consumption and CO2 emission The EUA-β-CDE compared with other extraction methods, has good extraction effect and low energy consumption by HPLC, SEM, calculation of power consumption and CO2 emission. Then, the structural characteristics of EUA-β-CDE of FS extract had significant interaction with β-CD by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, EUA-β-CDE extract has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The establishment of EUA-β-CDE of FS provides a new idea for the development and application of other sustainable extraction methods of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Kedi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Shuoqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Qingmiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Bello-Onaghise Godspower
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China.
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China.
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Rajashekarappa KK, Basavarajappa A, Neelagund SE, Mahadevan GD, Achur RN, Kumar P. Propitious catalytic response of immobilized α-amylase from G. thermoleovorans in modified APTES-Fe 3O 4 NPs for industrial bio-processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132021. [PMID: 38697441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Challenges in enzyme and product recovery are currently intriguing in modern biotechnology. Coping enzyme stability, shelf life and efficiency, nanomaterials-based immobilization were epitomized of industrial practice. Herein, a α-amylase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans was purified and bound effectively on to a modified 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-Fe3O4 nanoparticle. It was revealed that the carrier-bound enzyme catalysis (pH 8 and 60 °C) was significant in contrast to the free enzyme (pH 7.5 and 55 °C). Furthermore, Zn2+ and Cu2+ were shown to cause inhibitory effects in both enzyme states. Unlike chloroform, toluene, benzene, and butanol, minimal effects were observed with ethanol, acetone, and hexane. The bound enzyme retained 27.4 % of its initial activity after being stored for 36 days. In addition, the reusability of the bound enzyme showed a gradual decline in activity after the first cycle; however, after 13 cycles, its residual activity at 53 % was observed. These data proved significant enough to use this enzyme for industrial starch and analogous substrate bio-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Basavarajappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga-577451, India
| | | | - Gurumurthy Dummi Mahadevan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201301, India.
| | - Rajeshwara Nagappa Achur
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga-577451, India
| | - Prabhanshu Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201301, India
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Liu XX, Wang Y, Zhang JH, Lu YF, Dong ZX, Yue C, Huang XQ, Zhang SP, Li DD, Yao LG, Tang CD. Engineering Escherichia coli for high-yielding 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine synthesis from L-Threonine by reconstructing metabolic pathways and enhancing cofactors regeneration. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38500189 PMCID: PMC10949639 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) is important pharmaceutical raw material and food flavoring agent. Recently, engineering microbes to produce 2,5-DMP has become an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis approach. In this study, metabolic engineering strategies were used to optimize the modified Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain for efficient synthesis of 2,5-DMP using L-threonine dehydrogenase (EcTDH) from Escherichia coli BL21, NADH oxidase (EhNOX) from Enterococcus hirae, aminoacetone oxidase (ScAAO) from Streptococcus cristatus and L-threonine transporter protein (EcSstT) from Escherichia coli BL21, respectively. We further optimized the reaction conditions for synthesizing 2,5-DMP. In optimized conditions, the modified strain can convert L-threonine to obtain 2,5-DMP with a yield of 2897.30 mg/L. Therefore, the strategies used in this study contribute to the development of high-level cell factories for 2,5-DMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Zhang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, She Dian Lao Jiu Co. Ltd., 2 Liquor Avenue, Nanyang, Henan, 473300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Lu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xing Dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yue
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Pu Zhang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lun-Guang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cun-Duo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-Reactor, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology and Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang, Henan, 473061, People's Republic of China.
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, She Dian Lao Jiu Co. Ltd., 2 Liquor Avenue, Nanyang, Henan, 473300, People's Republic of China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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Hussain A, Ray MK. Functional activity of E. coli RNase R in the Antarctic Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:101. [PMID: 37843651 PMCID: PMC10579198 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Antarctic P. syringae RNase R play an essential role in the processing of 16S and 5S rRNA, thereby playing an important role in cold-adapted growth of the bacterium. This study is focused on deciphering the in vivo functional activity of mesophilic exoribonuclease R and its catalytic domain (RNB) in an evolutionary distant psychrophilic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W. RESULTS Our results confirm that E. coli RNase R complemented the physiological functions of the psychrophilic bacterium P. syringae RNase R and rescued the cold-sensitive phenotype of Pseudomonas syringae ∆rnr mutant. More importantly, the catalytic domain (RNB) of the E. coli RNase R is also capable of alleviating the cold-sensitive growth defects of ∆rnr mutant as seen with the catalytic domain (RNB) of the P. syringae enzyme. The Catalytic domain of E. coli RNase R was less efficient than the Catalytic domain of P. syringae RNase R in rescuing the cold-sensitive growth of ∆rnr mutant at 4°C, as the ∆rnr expressing the RNBEc (catalytic domain of E. coli RNase R) displayed longer lag phase than the RNBPs (Catalytic domain of P. syringae RNase R) complemented ∆rnr mutant at 4°C. Altogether it appears that the E. coli RNase R and P. syringae RNase R are functionally exchangeable for the growth requirements of P. syringae at low temperature (4°C). Our results also confirm that in P. syringae the requirement of RNase R for supporting the growth at 4°C is independent of the degradosomal complex. CONCLUSION E. coli RNase R (RNase REc) rescues the cold-sensitive phenotype of the P. syringae Δrnr mutant. Similarly, the catalytic domain of E. coli RNase R (RNBEc) is also capable of supporting the growth of Δrnr mutant at low temperatures. These findings have a vast scope in the design and development of low-temperature-based expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaq Hussain
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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Jiao YL, Shen PQ, Wang SF, Chen J, Zhou XH, Ma GZ. Arginase from Priestia megaterium and the Effects of CMCS Conjugation on Its Enzymological Properties. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:292. [PMID: 37466752 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Arginase has shown promising potential in treating cancers by arginine deprivation therapy; however, low enzymatic activity and stability of arginase are impeding its development. This study was aimed to improve the enzymological properties of a marine bacterial arginase by carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) conjugation. An arginase producing marine bacterium Priestia megaterium strain P6 was isolated and identified. The novel arginase PMA from the strain was heterologously expressed, purified, and then conjugated to CMCS by ionic gelation with calcium chloride as the crosslinking agent. Enzymological properties of both PMA and CMCS-PMA conjugate were determined. The optimum temperature for PMA and CMCS-PMA at pH 7 were 60 °C and 55 °C, respectively. The optimum pH for PMA and CMCS-PMA at 37 °C were pH 10 and 9, respectively. CMCS-PMA showed higher thermostability than PMA over 55-70 °C and higher pH stability over pH 4-11 with the highest pH stability at pH 7. At 37 °C and pH of 7, i.e., around the human blood temperature and pH, CMCS-PMA was higher than the free PMA in enzymatic activity and stability by 24% and 21%, respectively. CMCS conjugation not only changed the optimum temperature, optimum pH, and enzymatic activity of PMA, but also improved its pH stability and temperature stability, and thus made it more favorable for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang Jiao
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pin Quan Shen
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Fang Wang
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hong Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Zhen Ma
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Kurisaki I, Tanaka S, Mori I, Umegaki T, Mori Y, Tanaka S. Thermal conductivity and conductance of protein in aqueous solution: Effects of geometrical shape. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:857-868. [PMID: 36468822 PMCID: PMC10107505 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of elucidating the heat transfer in living cells, we evaluated the thermal conductivity κ and conductance G of hydrated protein through all-atom non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. Extending the computational scheme developed in earlier studies for spherical protein to cylindrical one under the periodic boundary condition, we enabled the theoretical analysis of anisotropic thermal conduction and also discussed the effects of protein size correction on the calculated results. While the present results for myoglobin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) by the spherical model were in fair agreement with previous computational and experimental results, we found that the evaluations for κ and G by the cylindrical model, in particular, those for the longitudinal direction of GFP, were enhanced substantially, but still keeping a consistency with experimental data. We also studied the influence by salt addition of physiological concentration, finding insignificant alteration of thermal conduction of protein in the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kurisaki
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihito Umegaki
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Center for Mathematical Modeling and Data Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mori
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigenori Tanaka
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Gu Q, Lu Y, Zhou J, Yang W, Wang K, Liu X, Yu X. Enhancement of catalytic performance of alginate lyase through combinational site-directed mutagenesis. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Nickerson JL, Doucette AA. Maximizing Cumulative Trypsin Activity with Calcium at Elevated Temperature for Enhanced Bottom-Up Proteome Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101444. [PMID: 36290348 PMCID: PMC9598648 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Trypsin is frequently employed to cleave proteins ahead of mass spectrometry characterization. Traditionally, enzyme digestion involves overnight incubation of proteins at 37 °C, which is time consuming though still may yield poor digestion efficiency. While raising the temperature should theoretically accelerate the digestion, it also destabilizes the enzyme and promotes trypsin de-activation. We therefore questioned whether elevated temperature is beneficial for improving tryptic digestion. Here, we quantify protein digestion kinetics at elevated temperatures for calcium-stabilized trypsin and enforce the critical importance of calcium ions to preserve the enzyme. We quantitatively demonstrate that 1 h at 47 °C provides a superior digest when compared to conventional (overnight, 37 °C) processing of the proteome. The practical impact of our enhanced digestion protocol is shown through bottom-up mass spectrometry analysis of a complex proteome mixture. Abstract Bottom-up proteomics relies on efficient trypsin digestion ahead of MS analysis. Prior studies have suggested digestion at elevated temperature to accelerate proteolysis, showing an increase in the number of MS-identified peptides. However, improved sequence coverage may be a consequence of partial digestion, as higher temperatures destabilize and degrade the enzyme, causing enhanced activity to be short-lived. Here, we use a spectroscopic (BAEE) assay to quantify calcium-stabilized trypsin activity over the complete time course of a digestion. At 47 °C, the addition of calcium contributes a 25-fold enhancement in trypsin stability. Higher temperatures show a net decrease in cumulative trypsin activity. Through bottom-up MS analysis of a yeast proteome extract, we demonstrate that a 1 h digestion at 47 °C with 10 mM Ca2+ provides a 29% increase in the total number of peptide identifications. Simultaneously, the quantitative proportion of peptides with 1 or more missed cleavage sites was diminished in the 47 °C digestion, supporting enhanced digestion efficiency with the 1 h protocol. Trypsin specificity also improves, as seen by a drop in the quantitative abundance of semi-tryptic peptides. Our enhanced digestion protocol improves throughput for bottom-up sample preparation and validates the approach as a robust, low-cost alternative to maximized protein digestion efficiency.
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Kujawski S, Słomko J, Godlewska BR, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Murovska M, Newton JL, Sokołowski Ł, Zalewski P. Combination of whole body cryotherapy with static stretching exercises reduces fatigue and improves functioning of the autonomic nervous system in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Transl Med 2022; 20:273. [PMID: 35715857 PMCID: PMC9204866 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the tolerability and effect of static stretching (SS) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) upon fatigue, daytime sleepiness, cognitive functioning and objective and subjective autonomic nervous system functioning in those with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) compared to a control population. METHODS Thirty-two CFS and eighteen healthy controls (HC) participated in 2 weeks of a SS + WBC programme. This programme was composed of five sessions per week, 10 sessions in total. RESULTS A significant decrease in fatigue was noted in the CFS group in response to SS + WBC. Some domains of cognitive functioning (speed of processing visual information and set-shifting) also improved in response to SS + WBC in both CFS and HC groups. Our study has confirmed that WBC is well tolerated by those with CFS and leads to symptomatic improvements associated with changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function. CONCLUSIONS Given the preliminary data showing the beneficial effect of cryotherapy, its relative ease of application, good tolerability, and proven safety, therapy with cold exposure appears to be an approach worth attention. Further studies of cryotherapy as a potential treatment in CFS is important in the light of the lack of effective therapeutic options for these common and often disabling symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Słomko
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Julia L Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Łukasz Sokołowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Elsayed A, Kim Y. Estimation of kinetic constants in high-density polyethylene bead degradation using hydrolytic enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118821. [PMID: 35016978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic beads are an emerging contaminant that can cause serious environmental and public health problems. Potential bypass of microplastic beads from wastewater to sludge treatment systems is a key challenge in the conventional wastewater treatment process. Moreover, there are no systematic studies on microplastic bead degradation by hydrolytic enzymes that are rich in concentration within wastewater and sludge treatment processes (e.g., anaerobic digestion (AD)). In this study, lab-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation of high-density polyethylene beads by hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., lipase) under various experimental conditions (e.g., temperature). In a 3-day batch experiment, protease was most effective in polyethylene bead degradation as 4.0% of the initial bead mass was removed at an enzyme concentration of 88 mg/L under thermophilic temperature (55 °C). It was also found that the increasing enzyme concentration and high temperature enhanced the polyethylene bead degradation. In a separate 7-day experiment with repeated doses of protease, 23.3% of the initial mass of beads was removed at thermophilic temperature, indicating that AD with a long retention time (e.g., 20 days) and heated temperature has a significant potential for polyethylene bead degradation. A mathematical model was developed and calibrated using the experimental results to estimate the kinetic constant of the high-density polyethylene bead reduction by an enzyme (k1,i) and enzyme self-decay constant (k2,ii). The calibrated k1,i ranged from 5.0 to 8.1× 10-4 L/mg/hr while k2,ii was 0.44-1.10 L/mg/hr. Using the calibrated model, degradation of polyethylene beads using a mixture of cellulase and protease was simulated, considering an interactive-decay reaction between the two enzymes. The calibrated model was used to simulate the polyethylene bead degradation in AD where 70-95% of the initial bead mass was removed at typical retention time under mesophilic digestion (37.5 °C). Based on the experimental and simulation results, it can be concluded that hydrolytic enzymes can be an efficient technology for large-scale high-density polyethylene bead removal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., JHE 301, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, 1 Gamaa Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Younggy Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., JHE 301, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Tian W, Sun H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yao J, Li J, Li B, Nie M. Thermal adaptation occurs in the respiration and growth of widely distributed bacteria. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2820-2829. [PMID: 35090074 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial respiration is an important factor in regulating carbon (C) exchange between the soil and atmosphere. Thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms will lead to a weakening of the positive feedback between climate warming and soil respiration. The thermal adaptation of microbial communities and fungal species has been proven. However, studies on the thermal adaptation of bacterial species, the most important decomposers in the soil, are still lacking. Here, we isolated six species of widely distributed dominant bacteria and studied the effects of constant warming and temperature fluctuations on those species. The results showed that constant warming caused a downregulation of respiratory temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of the bacterial species, accompanied by an elevation of the minimum temperature (Tmin ) required for growth. Similar results were seen with the addition of temperature fluctuations, suggesting that both scenarios caused a significant thermal adaptation among the bacterial species. Fluctuating and increasing temperatures are considered an important component of future warming. Therefore, the inclusion of physiological responses of bacteria to these changes is essential to understand relationships between microbiota and temperature and enhance the prediction of global soil-atmosphere C feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Bagewadi ZK, Yaraguppi DA, Mulla SI, Deshpande SH. Response Surface Methodology Based Optimization, Partial Purification and Characterization of Alkaline Phosphatase Isolated from Pseudomonas asiatica Strain ZKB1 and its Application in Plant Growth Promotion. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:984-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Liu F, Yu R, Wei H, Wu J, He N, Liu X. Construction of a novel electrochemical sensing platform to investigate the effect of temperature on superoxide anions from cells and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1198:339561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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A peroxidase purified from cowpea roots possesses high thermal stability and displays antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Microenvironmental influences on T cell immunity in cancer and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:316-326. [PMID: 35039633 PMCID: PMC8762638 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell metabolism is dynamic and highly regulated. While the intrinsic metabolic programs of T cell subsets are integral to their distinct differentiation and functional patterns, the ability of cells to acquire nutrients and cope with hostile microenvironments can limit these pathways. T cells must function in a wide variety of tissue settings, and how T cells interpret these signals to maintain an appropriate metabolic program for their demands or if metabolic mechanisms of immune suppression restrain immunity is an area of growing importance. Both in inflamed and cancer tissues, a wide range of changes in physical conditions and nutrient availability are now acknowledged to shape immunity. These include fever and increased temperatures, depletion of critical micro and macro-nutrients, and accumulation of inhibitory waste products. Here we review several of these factors and how the tissue microenvironment both shapes and constrains immunity.
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16
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Enzymatic Preparation of Gentiooligosaccharides by a Thermophilic and Thermostable β-Glucosidase at a High Substrate Concentration. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030357. [PMID: 35159507 PMCID: PMC8834124 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiooligosaccharides (GnOS) are a kind of oligosaccharide formed by glucose with β-1-6 glycosidic bonds, which has become a new type of functional oligosaccharide for its unique refreshing bitter taste and valuable probiotic effects. However, the research on the enzymatic preparation of GnOS is not thorough enough. In this study, a GH1 thermophilic β-glucosidase from Thermotoga sp. KOL6 was used as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of GnOS. TsBgl1 exhibited excellent thermophilic and thermostable properties by possessing a melting temperature of 101.5 °C and reacting at 80–90 °C efficiently. Its half-life at 90 °C was approximately 5 h, suggesting its high heat resistance as well. TsBgl1 also showed excellent glucose tolerance with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 1720 mM and was stimulated in the presence of 0–900 mM glucose. TsBgl1 showed the highest hydrolytic activity on laminaribiose (Glc-β-1,3-Glc), but mainly synthetized gentiobiose (Glc-β-1,6-Glc) during transglycosylation. By optimizing the reaction conditions and substrate concentration, the highest yield of GnOS synthesized by TsBgl1 reached 144.3 g·L−1 when 1000 g·L−1 glucose was used as a substrate, which was higher than the highest yield ever reported. The thermophilic and thermostable properties of TsBgl1 were considered to be significant advantages in the industrial production of GnOS, where long periods of high-temperature reactions are required. This study was expected to provide an excellent candidate enzyme for industrial production of GnOS and also provide a reference for studying the transglycosylation of GH1 β-glucosidases.
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17
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Sun C, Wang W, Sun X, Chu W, Yang J, Dai J, Ju Y. An intrinsically thermogenic nanozyme for synergistic antibacterial therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8323-8334. [PMID: 34783326 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01390d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections with a high mortality rate have become serious health issues for human beings. As natural enzymes play an important role in the survival and proliferation of bacteria, effective inhibition of bacterial natural enzyme activities is important for antimicrobial therapy. Herein, a novel enzymatic antibacterial strategy, of enhancing nanozyme activity but reducing bacterial natural enzyme activity, is developed based on yolk-shell Fe2C@Fe3O4-PEG thermogenic nanozymes with highly magnetothermal properties and thermal-enhanced peroxidase-like activities. When applying an alternating magnetic field, the special yolk-shell Fe2C@Fe3O4-PEG nanozymes show a better magnetothermal effect than Fe2C (yolk) and Fe3O4 (shell) due to the increased value of their magnetic energy product, and the peroxidase-like activity of the nanozymes is further improved. Meanwhile, remarkably restrained by the enhanced magnetothermal effect from the nanozymes, typical natural enzyme activities of bacteria are detected with an inhibition rate of nearly 80%. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments exhibit superior synergistic antibacterial efficacy. The antimicrobial mechanisms are explained as the reduction of natural enzyme activities and the disruption of cell walls and membranes induced by the self-magnetothermal effect of nanozymes along with the production of abundant ˙OH radicals derived from the thermal-enhanced peroxidase-like activity of nanozymes. Overall, this work focuses on an intrinsically thermogenic nanozyme, which provides a potential platform for future synergistic antibacterial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Sun
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Wenqian Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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18
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de Freitas EN, Alnoch RC, Contato AG, Nogueira KMV, Crevelin EJ, de Moraes LAB, Silva RN, Martínez CA, Polizeli MDLTM. Enzymatic Pretreatment with Laccases from Lentinus sajor-caju Induces Structural Modification in Lignin and Enhances the Digestibility of Tropical Forage Grass ( Panicum maximum) Grown under Future Climate Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179445. [PMID: 34502353 PMCID: PMC8431176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since laccase acts specifically in lignin, the major contributor to biomass recalcitrance, this biocatalyst represents an important alternative to the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, this study investigates the laccase pretreatment and climate change effects on the hydrolytic performance of Panicum maximum. Through a Trop-T-FACE system, P. maximum grew under current (Control (C)) and future climate conditions: elevated temperature (2 °C more than the ambient canopy temperature) combined with elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration(600 μmol mol−1), name as eT+eC. Pretreatment using a laccase-rich crude extract from Lentinus sajor caju was optimized through statistical strategies, resulting in an increase in the sugar yield of P. maximum biomass (up to 57%) comparing to non-treated biomass and enabling hydrolysis at higher solid loading, achieving up to 26 g L−1. These increments are related to lignin removal (up to 46%) and lignin hydrophilization catalyzed by laccase. Results from SEM, CLSM, FTIR, and GC-MS supported the laccase-catalyzed lignin removal. Moreover, laccase mitigates climate effects, and no significant differences in hydrolytic potential were found between C and eT+eC groups. This study shows that crude laccase pretreatment is a potential and sustainable method for biorefinery solutions and helped establish P. maximum as a promising energy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Neiverth de Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Alex Graça Contato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Karoline Maria V. Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Eduardo José Crevelin
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (E.J.C.); (L.A.B.d.M.)
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (E.J.C.); (L.A.B.d.M.)
| | - Roberto Nascimento Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.N.S.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (C.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Liu B, Ma C, Yang J, Li D, Liu H. Study on the Heat Source Insulation of a Thermal Bubble-Driven Micropump with Induction Heating. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091040. [PMID: 34577684 PMCID: PMC8464876 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermal bubble-driven micropumps have the advantages of high reliability, simple structure and simple fabrication process. However, the high temperature of the thermal bubble may damage some biological or chemical properties of the solution. In order to reduce the influence of the high temperature of the thermal bubbles on the pumped liquid, this paper proposes a kind of heat insulation micropump driven by thermal bubbles with induction heating. The thermal bubble and its chamber are designed on one side of the main pumping channel. The high temperature of the thermal bubble is insulated by the liquid in the heat insulation channel, which reduces the influence of the high temperature of the thermal bubble on the pumped liquid. Protypes of the new micropump with heat source insulation were fabricated and experiments were performed on them. The experiments showed that the temperature of the pumped liquid was less than 35 °C in the main pumping channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (C.M.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-67396187
| | - Chenxu Ma
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (C.M.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (C.M.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (H.L.)
- Electrical and Mechanical College, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Desheng Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (C.M.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Haibin Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (C.M.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (H.L.)
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20
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Kambiré MS, Gnanwa JM, Boa D, Kouadio EJP, Kouamé LP. Modeling of enzymatic activity of free β-glucosidase from palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum Linn. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae: Effects of pH and temperature. Biophys Chem 2021; 276:106611. [PMID: 34098161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum L., is an important pest of palm trees (Elaeis guineensis) around the tropical regions. Characterization of their digestive enzymes could be an important stage to develop appropriate pest control strategies. Study of these enzymes could also be of interest in different biotechnological applications. Among digestive enzymes, there is β-glucosidase which hydrolytically catalyzes the β-glycosidic linkage of glycosides. In the present work, the catalytic activity of β-glucosidase in the digestive juice of last larval instar of R. palmarum L. (Rpbgl) has been investigated using p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate. The "classical" physico-chemical properties for purified Rpbgl have been determined by the help of enzymatic activity modeling. Thus, the values of (325.4 ± 0.2) K, 5.28 ± 0.07 and (37.9 ± 0.6) kJ mol-1 were obtained for optimum temperature, optimum pH and activation energy, respectively. The pK values for enzyme-substrate complex are 4.25 ± 0.07 and 6.20 ± 0.07 for nucleophile and the proton donor, respectively. Enzyme kinetics study was also performed and the values of (127 ± 6) U mg-1 and (0.78 ± 0.08) mM were obtained for Vmax and Km, respectively. Using the Equilibrium model (EM), the thermal inactivation data were analyzed. ΔHeq, Teq, ΔGinact∗ and ΔGcat∗ were found to be (222 ± 4) kJ mol-1, (323.0 ± 0.1) K, (101.9 ± 0.2) kJ mol-1 and (53.37 ± 0.02) kJ mol-1, respectively. These results show that Rpbgl is less stable with a narrow temperature tolerance compared to other β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Sobamfou Kambiré
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jacques Mankambou Gnanwa
- Laboratoire d'Agrovalorisation, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - David Boa
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Eugène Jean P Kouadio
- Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et Bioprocédé, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Lucien Patrice Kouamé
- Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et Bioprocédé, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
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21
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A meta-analysis of the activity, stability, and mutational characteristics of temperature-adapted enzymes. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228416. [PMID: 33871022 PMCID: PMC8150157 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the characteristics that define temperature-adapted enzymes has been a major goal of extremophile enzymology in recent decades. In the present study, we explore these characteristics by comparing psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic enzymes. Through a meta-analysis of existing data, we show that psychrophilic enzymes exhibit a significantly larger gap (Tg) between their optimum and melting temperatures compared with mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes. These results suggest that Tg may be a useful indicator as to whether an enzyme is psychrophilic or not and that models of psychrophilic enzyme catalysis need to account for this gap. Additionally, by using predictive protein stability software, HoTMuSiC and PoPMuSiC, we show that the deleterious nature of amino acid substitutions to protein stability increases from psychrophiles to thermophiles. How this ultimately affects the mutational tolerance and evolutionary rate of temperature adapted organisms is currently unknown.
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22
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Vinoth R, Nakagawa T, Mathiyarasu J, Mohan AMV. Fully Printed Wearable Microfluidic Devices for High-Throughput Sweat Sampling and Multiplexed Electrochemical Analysis. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1174-1186. [PMID: 33517662 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the recent advancement in wearable biosensors provides continuous, noninvasive assessment of physiologically relevant chemical markers from human sweat, several bottlenecks still exist for its practical use. There were challenges in developing a multiplexed biosensing system with rapid microfluidic sampling and transport properties, as well as its integration with a portable potentiostat for improved interference-free data collection. Here, we introduce a clean-room free fabrication of wearable microfluidic sensors, using a screen-printed carbon master, for the electrochemical monitoring of sweat biomarkers during exercise activities. The sweat sampling is enhanced by introducing low-dimensional sensing compartments and lowering the hydrophilicity of channel layers via facile silane functionalization. The fluidic channel captures sweat at the inlet and directs the real-time sweat through the active sensing electrodes (within 40 s) for subsequent decoding and selective analyses. For proof of concept, simultaneous amperometric lactate and potentiometric ion sensing (Na+, K+, and pH) are carried out by a miniature circuit board capable of cross-talk-free signal collection and wireless signal transduction characteristics. All of the sensors demonstrated appreciable sensitivity, selectivity, stability, carryover efficiency, and repeatability. The floating potentiometric circuits eliminate the signal interference from the adjacent amperometric transducers. The fully integrated pumpless microfluidic device is mounted on the epidermis and employed for multiplexed real-time decoding of sweat during stationary biking. The regional variations in sweat composition are analyzed by human trials at the underarm and upperback locations. The presented method offers a large-scale fabrication of inexpensive high-throughput wearable sensors for personalized point-of-care and athletic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Vinoth
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR—Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)—CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo1858601, Japan
| | - Jayaraman Mathiyarasu
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR—Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)—CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. M. Vinu Mohan
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR—Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)—CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Monoclonal antibody stability can be usefully monitored using the excitation-energy-dependent fluorescence edge-shift. Biochem J 2021; 477:3599-3612. [PMID: 32869839 PMCID: PMC7527260 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the major challenges in the development of biopharmaceuticals are structural heterogeneity and aggregation. The development of a successful therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) requires both a highly active and also stable molecule. Whilst a range of experimental (biophysical) approaches exist to track changes in stability of proteins, routine prediction of stability remains challenging. The fluorescence red edge excitation shift (REES) phenomenon is sensitive to a range of changes in protein structure. Based on recent work, we have found that quantifying the REES effect is extremely sensitive to changes in protein conformational state and dynamics. Given the extreme sensitivity, potentially this tool could provide a ‘fingerprint’ of the structure and stability of a protein. Such a tool would be useful in the discovery and development of biopharamceuticals and so we have explored our hypothesis with a panel of therapeutic mAbs. We demonstrate that the quantified REES data show remarkable sensitivity, being able to discern between structurally identical antibodies and showing sensitivity to unfolding and aggregation. The approach works across a broad concentration range (µg–mg/ml) and is highly consistent. We show that the approach can be applied alongside traditional characterisation testing within the context of a forced degradation study (FDS). Most importantly, we demonstrate the approach is able to predict the stability of mAbs both in the short (hours), medium (days) and long-term (months). The quantified REES data will find immediate use in the biopharmaceutical industry in quality assurance, formulation and development. The approach benefits from low technical complexity, is rapid and uses instrumentation which exists in most biochemistry laboratories without modification.
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Kwok ML, Li ZP, Law TYS, Chan KM. Promotion of cadmium uptake and cadmium-induced toxicity by the copper transporter CTR1 in HepG2 and ZFL cells. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1564-1570. [PMID: 33294387 PMCID: PMC7695923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) is considered a human carcinogen as it causes oxidative stress and alters DNA repair responses. However, how Cd2+ is taken up by cells remains unclear. We hypothesized that Cd2+ could be transported into cells via a membrane copper (Cu) transporter, CTR1. CTR1 expression was not affected by Cd2+ exposure at the mRNA or protein level. Stable cell lines overexpressing either hCTR1, in the human liver cell line HepG2, or zCTR1, in the zebrafish liver cell line ZFL, were created to study their responses to Cd2+ insult. It was found that both HepG2 and ZFL cells overexpressing CTR1 had higher Cd2+ uptake and thus became sensitive to Cd2+. In contrast, hCTR1 knockdown in HepG2 cells led to a reduced uptake of Cd2+, making the cells relatively resistant to Cd2+. Localization studies revealed that hCTR1 had a clustered pattern after Cd2+ exposure, possibly in an attempt to reduce both Cd2+ uptake and Cd2+-induced toxicity. These in vitro results indicate that CTR1 can transport Cd2+ into the cell, resulting in Cd2+ toxicity.
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Key Words
- CTR1, High-affinity Cu-uptake protein 1
- Cadmium toxicity
- Cadmium uptake
- Cd, Cadmium
- Copper transporter
- Cu, Copper
- LC50, Median lethal concentration
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- Stable cell line
- h, hours
- hCTR1, Human CTR1 protein
- hCtr1, Human CTR1 gene
- min, minutes
- qPCR, Quantitative real-time PCR
- ybx1, Y box-binding protein 1 gene
- zCTR1, Zebrafish CTR1 protein
- zCtr1, Zebrafish CTR1 gene
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25
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Perez R, Aron S. Adaptations to thermal stress in social insects: recent advances and future directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1535-1553. [PMID: 33021060 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress is a major driver of population declines and extinctions. Shifts in thermal regimes create new environmental conditions, leading to trait adaptation, population migration, and/or species extinction. Extensive research has examined thermal adaptations in terrestrial arthropods. However, little is known about social insects, despite their major role in ecosystems. It is only within the last few years that the adaptations of social insects to thermal stress have received attention. Herein, we discuss what is currently known about thermal tolerance and thermal adaptation in social insects - namely ants, termites, social bees, and social wasps. We describe the behavioural, morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptations that social insects have evolved to cope with thermal stress. We examine individual and collective responses to both temporary and persistent changes in thermal conditions and explore the extent to which individuals can exploit genetic variability to acclimatise. Finally, we consider the costs and benefits of sociality in the face of thermal stress, and we propose some future research directions that should advance our knowledge of individual and collective thermal adaptations in social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Perez
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Aron
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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My PLT, My HTK, Phuong NTX, Dat TD, Thanh VH, Nam HM, Thanh Phong M, Hieu NH. Optimization of enzyme-assisted extraction of ginsenoside Rb1 from Vietnamese Panax notoginseng (BURK.) F.H. Chen roots and anticancer activity examination of the extract. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1795676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phan Le Thao My
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Kieu My
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tran Xuan Phuong
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Do Dat
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Hoai Thanh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Nam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Phong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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27
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Dadouch M, Ladner Y, Bich C, Larroque M, Larroque C, Morel J, Bonnet PA, Perrin C. An in-line enzymatic microreactor for the middle-up analysis of monoclonal antibodies by capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2020; 145:1759-1767. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01906e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In-line enzymatic microreactor and electrophoretic strategy for the middle-up analysis of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Dadouch
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Yoann Ladner
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Claudia Bich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Marion Larroque
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM)
- INSERM U1194
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Christian Larroque
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM)
- INSERM U1194
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Département de Rhumatologie
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier cedex 5
- France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bonnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Catherine Perrin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
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28
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Decoding Essential Amino Acid Residues in the Substrate Groove of a Non-Specific Nuclease from Pseudomonas syringae. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-specific nucleases (NSN) are of interest for biotechnological applications, including industrial downstream processing of crude protein extracts or cell-sorting approaches in microfabricated channels. Bacterial nucleases belonging to the superfamily of phospholipase D (PLD) are featured for their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acids in a metal-ion-independent manner. In order to gain a deeper insight into the composition of the substrate groove of a NSN from Pseudomonas syringae, semi-rational mutagenesis based on a structure homology model was applied to identify amino acid residues on the protein’s surface adjacent to the catalytic region. A collection of 12 mutant enzymes each with a substitution to a positively charged amino acid (arginine or lysine) was produced in recombinant form and biochemically characterized. Mutations in close proximity to the catalytic region (inner ring) either dramatically impaired or completely abolished the enzymatic performance, while amino acid residues located at the border of the substrate groove (outer ring) only had limited or no effects. A K119R substitution mutant displayed a relative turnover rate of 112% compared to the original nuclease. In conclusion, the well-defined outer ring of the substrate groove is a potential target for modulation of the enzymatic performance of NSNs belonging to the PLD superfamily.
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29
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Patel AK, Singhania RR, Sim SJ, Pandey A. Thermostable cellulases: Current status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:385-392. [PMID: 30685132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
It is envisaged that the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production for transport sector, would make cellulases the most demanded industrial enzyme. The greatest potential of cellulolytic enzymes lies in ethanol production from biomass by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose but low thermostability and low titer of cellulase production resulting into high cost of the enzyme which is the major set-back. A number of research groups are working on cellulase to improve its thermostability so as to be able to perform hydrolysis at elevated temperatures which would eventually increase the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis. The technologies developed from lignocellulosic biomass via cellulose hydrolysis promise environmental and economical sustainability in the long run along with non-dependence on nonrenewable energy source. This review deals with the important sources of thermostable cellulases, mechanism, its regulation, strategies to enhance the thermostability further with respect to its importance for biofuel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, Indian Institute of Toxicological Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
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30
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Preparation of a Flower-Like Immobilized D-Psicose 3-Epimerase with Enhanced Catalytic Performance. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this present study, we proposed a smart biomineralization method for creating hybrid organic–inorganic nanoflowers using a Co2+-dependent enzyme (D-psicose 3-epimerase; DPEase) as the organic component and cobalt phosphate as the inorganic component. The prepared nanoflowers have many separated petals that have a nanometer size. Under optimum conditions (60 °C and pH of 8.5), the nanoflower can display its maximum activity (36.2 U/mg), which is about 7.2-fold higher than free DPEase. Furthermore, the immobilized DPEase presents enhanced pH and thermal stabilities. The DPEase-nanoflower maintained about 90% of its activity after six reaction cycles, highlighting its excellent reusability.
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31
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Alvarez G, Shahzad T, Andanson L, Bahn M, Wallenstein MD, Fontaine S. Catalytic power of enzymes decreases with temperature: New insights for understanding soil C cycling and microbial ecology under warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4238-4250. [PMID: 29682861 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most current models of soil C dynamics predict that climate warming will accelerate soil C mineralization, resulting in a long-term CO2 release and positive feedback to global warming. However, ecosystem warming experiments show that CO2 loss from warmed soils declines to control levels within a few years. Here, we explore the temperature dependence of enzymatic conversion of polymerized soil organic C (SOC) into assimilable compounds, which is presumed the rate-limiting step of SOC mineralization. Combining literature review, modelling and enzyme assays, we studied the effect of temperature on activity of enzymes considering their thermal inactivation and catalytic activity. We defined the catalytic power of enzymes (Epower ) as the cumulative amount of degraded substrate by one unit of enzyme until its complete inactivation. We show a universal pattern of enzyme's thermodynamic properties: activation energy of catalytic activity (EAcat ) < activation energy of thermal inactivation (EAinact ). By investing in stable enzymes (high EAinact ) having high catalytic activity (low EAcat ), microorganisms may maximize the Epower of their enzymes. The counterpart of such EAs' hierarchical pattern is the higher relative temperature sensitivity of enzyme inactivation than catalysis, resulting in a reduction in Epower under warming. Our findings could explain the decrease with temperature in soil enzyme pools, microbial biomass (MB) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) reported in some warming experiments and studies monitoring the seasonal variation in soil enzymes. They also suggest that a decrease in soil enzyme pools due to their faster inactivation under warming contributes to the observed attenuation of warming effect on soil C mineralization. This testable theory predicts that the ultimate response of SOC degradation to warming can be positive or negative depending on the relative temperature response of Epower and microbial production of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Alvarez
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tanvir Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Laurence Andanson
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthew D Wallenstein
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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32
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An acid-stable β-glucosidase from Aspergillus aculeatus: Gene expression, biochemical characterization and molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:462-469. [PMID: 30063929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases hydrolyze terminal, non-reducing β-d-glucosyl residues and thereby release β-d-glucose. They have applications in the production of biofuels, beverages and pharmaceuticals. In this study, a β-glucosidase derived from Aspergillus aculeatus (BGLA) was expressed, characterized, and the molecular mechanism of its acid denaturation was comprehensively probed. BGLA exhibited maximal activity at pH 5.0-6.0. Its optimal temperature was 70 °C. Its enzyme activity was enhanced by Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+, while Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ had a negative effect. BGLA showed activity on a broad range of substrates including salicin, cellobiose, arbutin, geniposide and polydatin. Finally, the acid-denaturation mechanism of BGLA was probed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results of simulation at pH 2.0 imply that the contact number, solvent accessible surface area and number of hydrogen bonds in BGLA decreased greatly. Moreover, the distance between the residues Asp280 and Glu509 that are part of the active site increased, which eventually destroyed the enzyme's catalytic activity. These MD results explain the molecular mechanism of acid denaturation of BGLA, which will greatly benefit the rational design of more acid-stable β-glucosidase variants in the future.
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33
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Computational modeling of the effect of temperature variations on human pancreatic β-cell activity. J Therm Biol 2018; 75:69-80. [PMID: 30017054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of temperature variations on the pancreatic β-cell activity and the role of different model compartments in temperature sensing have been investigated using a computational modeling approach. The results of our study show that temperature variations by several degrees can change the dynamical states of the β-cell system. In addition, temperature variations can alter the characteristic features of the membrane voltage, which correlates with insulin secretion. Simulation results show that the ion channels such as the L-type calcium, the hERG potassium, sodium channels and the glycolysis pathway are the possible sites for sensing temperature variation. Results indicate that for a small temperature change, even though the frequency and amplitude of electrical activity are altered, the area under the membrane potential curve remains almost unchanged, which implies the existence of a thermoregulatory mechanism for preserving the amount of insulin secretion. Furthermore, the computational analysis shows that the β-cell electrical activity exhibits a bursting pattern in physiological temperature (37 °C) while in vitro studies reported almost the spiking activity at lower temperatures. Since hormone-secreting systems work more efficient in bursting mode, we propose that the pancreatic β-cell works better in the physiological temperature compared with the reference temperature (33 °C).
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34
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Goh K, Li H, Lam K. Urease catalytic behaviors induced by both urea and salt concentrations in ion-exchange hydrogels as dialysis membranes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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35
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Jones HBL, Crean RM, Matthews C, Troya AB, Danson MJ, Bull SD, Arcus VL, van der Kamp MW, Pudney CR. Uncovering the Relationship between the Change in Heat Capacity for Enzyme Catalysis and Vibrational Frequency through Isotope Effect Studies. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vickery L. Arcus
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Marc W. van der Kamp
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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36
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Soldatova AV, Tao L, Romano CA, Stich TA, Casey WH, Britt RD, Tebo BM, Spiro TG. Mn(II) Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase Complex Mnx: A Binuclear Activation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11369-11380. [PMID: 28712284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial protein complex Mnx contains a multicopper oxidase (MCO) MnxG that, unusually, catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of Mn(II) to MnO2 biomineral, via a Mn(III) intermediate. Although Mn(III)/Mn(II) and Mn(IV)/Mn(III) reduction potentials are expected to be high, we find a low reduction potential, 0.38 V (vs Normal Hydrogen Electrode, pH 7.8), for the MnxG type 1 Cu2+, the electron acceptor. Indeed the type 1 Cu2+ is not reduced by Mn(II) in the absence of molecular oxygen, indicating that substrate oxidation requires an activation step. We have investigated the enzyme mechanism via electronic absorption spectroscopy, using chemometric analysis to separate enzyme-catalyzed MnO2 formation from MnO2 nanoparticle aging. The nanoparticle aging time course is characteristic of nucleation and particle growth; rates for these processes followed expected dependencies on Mn(II) concentration and temperature, but exhibited different pH optima. The enzymatic time course is sigmoidal, signaling an activation step, prior to turnover. The Mn(II) concentration and pH dependence of a preceding lag phase indicates weak Mn(II) binding. The activation step is enabled by a pKa > 8.6 deprotonation, which is assigned to Mn(II)-bound H2O; it induces a conformation change (consistent with a high activation energy, 106 kJ/mol) that increases Mn(II) affinity. Mnx activation is proposed to decrease the Mn(III/II) reduction potential below that of type 1 Cu(II/I) by formation of a hydroxide-bridged binuclear complex, Mn(II)(μ-OH)Mn(II), at the substrate site. Turnover is found to depend cooperatively on two Mn(II) and is enabled by a pKa 7.6 double deprotonation. It is proposed that turnover produces a Mn(III)(μ-OH)2Mn(III) intermediate that proceeds to the enzyme product, likely Mn(IV)(μ-O)2Mn(IV) or an oligomer, which subsequently nucleates MnO2 nanoparticles. We conclude that Mnx exploits manganese polynuclear chemistry in order to facilitate an otherwise difficult oxidation reaction, as well as biomineralization. The mechanism of the Mn(III/IV) conversion step is elucidated in an accompanying paper .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Soldatova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Christine A Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bradley M Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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37
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Jones HBL, Wells SA, Prentice EJ, Kwok A, Liang LL, Arcus VL, Pudney CR. A complete thermodynamic analysis of enzyme turnover links the free energy landscape to enzyme catalysis. FEBS J 2017. [PMID: 28650586 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how enzymes work is coloured by static structure depictions where the enzyme scaffold is presented as either immobile, or in equilibrium between well-defined static conformations. Proteins, however, exhibit a large degree of motion over a broad range of timescales and magnitudes and this is defined thermodynamically by the enzyme free energy landscape (FEL). The role and importance of enzyme motion is extremely contentious. Much of the challenge is in the experimental detection of so called 'conformational sampling' involved in enzyme turnover. Herein we apply combined pressure and temperature kinetics studies to elucidate the full suite of thermodynamic parameters defining an enzyme FEL as it relates to enzyme turnover. We find that the key thermodynamic parameters governing vibrational modes related to enzyme turnover are the isobaric expansivity term and the change in heat capacity for enzyme catalysis. Variation in the enzyme FEL affects these terms. Our analysis is supported by a range of biophysical and computational approaches that specifically capture information on protein vibrational modes and the FEL (all atom flexibility calculations, red edge excitation shift spectroscopy and viscosity studies) that provide independent evidence for our findings. Our data suggest that restricting the enzyme FEL may be a powerful strategy when attempting to rationally engineer enzymes, particularly to alter thermal activity. Moreover, we demonstrate how rational predictions can be made with a rapid computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B L Jones
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, UK
| | - Stephen A Wells
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, UK
| | - Erica J Prentice
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Kwok
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, UK
| | - Liyin L Liang
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Vickery L Arcus
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Christopher R Pudney
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, UK
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38
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of butyl galactopyranoside catalyzed by β-galactosidase from Thermotoga naphthophila RKU-10. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Wallenstein MD, Burns RG. Ecology of Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Organic Matter Degradation in Soil: A Complex Community-Driven Process. SSSA BOOK SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser9.c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard G. Burns
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
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40
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Ghanizadeh Kazerouni E, Franklin CE, Seebacher F. UV‐B radiation interacts with temperature to determine animal performance. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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41
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Change in heat capacity accurately predicts vibrational coupling in enzyme catalyzed reactions. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Fe(II)EDTA-NO reduction by a newly isolated thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. HA from a rotating drum biofilter for NOx removal. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 109:129-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Kovács K, Bánóczi G, Varga A, Szabó I, Holczinger A, Hornyánszky G, Zagyva I, Paizs C, Vértessy BG, Poppe L. Expression and properties of the highly alkalophilic phenylalanine ammonia-lyase of thermophilic Rubrobacter xylanophilus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85943. [PMID: 24475062 PMCID: PMC3903478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequence of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC: 4.3.1.24) of the thermophilic and radiotolerant bacterium Rubrobacter xylanophilus (RxPAL) was identified by screening the genomes of bacteria for members of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase family. A synthetic gene encoding the RxPAL protein was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli TOP 10 in a soluble form with an N-terminal His6-tag and the recombinant RxPAL protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The activity assay of RxPAL with l-phenylalanine at various pH values exhibited a local maximum at pH 8.5 and a global maximum at pH 11.5. Circular dichroism (CD) studies showed that RxPAL is associated with an extensive α-helical character (far UV CD) and two distinctive near-UV CD peaks. These structural characteristics were well preserved up to pH 11.0. The extremely high pH optimum of RxPAL can be rationalized by a three-dimensional homology model indicating possible disulfide bridges, extensive salt-bridge formation and an excess of negative electrostatic potential on the surface. Due to these properties, RxPAL may be a candidate as biocatalyst in synthetic biotransformations leading to unnatural l- or d-amino acids or as therapeutic enzyme in treatment of phenylketonuria or leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kovács
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Bánóczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Varga
- Biocatalysis Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Izabella Szabó
- Biocatalysis Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - András Holczinger
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Hornyánszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Zagyva
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Beáta G. Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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44
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Mahadevan GD, Neelagund SE. Thermostable lipase from Geobacillus sp. Iso5: bioseparation, characterization and native structural studies. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:386-96. [PMID: 23775834 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular thermoalkaline lipase from Geobacillus sp. Iso5 was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, 6% cross-linked agarose and Phenyl spehrose HIC column chromatography. The final purified lipase resulted in 8.7-fold with 6.2% yield. The relative molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be a monomer of 47 kDa by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS/MS spectroscopy. The purified enzyme exhibit optimum activity at 70 °C and pH 8.0. The enzyme retained above 90% activity at temperatures of 70 °C and about 35% activity at 85 °C for 2 h. However, the stability of the enzyme decreased at the temperature over 90 °C. The enzyme activity was promoted in the presence of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) and strongly inhibited by HgCl2 , PMSF, DTT, K(+) , Co(2+) , and Zn (2+) . EDTA did not affect the enzyme activity. The secondary structure of purified lipase contains 36% α-helix and 64% β-sheet which was determined by Circular dichromism, FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurumurthy D Mahadevan
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
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45
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Lee CK, Monk CR, Daniel RM. Determination of enzyme thermal parameters for rational enzyme engineering and environmental/evolutionary studies. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 996:219-230. [PMID: 23504427 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-354-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Of the two independent processes by which enzymes lose activity with increasing temperature, irreversible thermal inactivation and rapid reversible equilibration with an inactive form, the latter is only describable by the Equilibrium Model. Any investigation of the effect of temperature upon enzymes, a mandatory step in rational enzyme engineering and study of enzyme temperature adaptation, thus requires determining the enzymes' thermodynamic parameters as defined by the Equilibrium Model. The necessary data for this procedure can be collected by carrying out multiple isothermal enzyme assays at 3-5°C intervals over a suitable temperature range. If the collected data meet requirements for V max determination (i.e., if the enzyme kinetics are "ideal"), then the enzyme's Equilibrium Model parameters (ΔH eq, T eq, ΔG (‡) cat, and ΔG (‡) inact) can be determined using a freely available iterative model-fitting software package designed for this purpose.Although "ideal" enzyme reactions are required for determination of all four Equilibrium Model parameters, ΔH eq, T eq, and ΔG (‡) cat can be determined from initial (zero-time) rates for most nonideal enzyme reactions, with substrate saturation being the only requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Lee
- Thermophile Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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46
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Rashamuse K, Mabizela-Mokoena N, Sanyika TW, Mabvakure B, Brady D. Accessing Carboxylesterase Diversity from Termite Hindgut Symbionts through Metagenomics. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 22:277-86. [DOI: 10.1159/000342447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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47
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Acharya S, Chaudhary A. Bioprospecting thermophiles for cellulase production: a review. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:844-56. [PMID: 24031898 PMCID: PMC3768857 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the potential bioprospecting is currently related to the study of the extremophiles and their potential use in industrial processes. Recently microbial cellulases find applications in various industries and constitute a major group of industrial enzymes. Considerable amount of work has been done on microbial cellulases, especially with resurgence of interest in biomass ethanol production employing cellulases and use of cellulases in textile and paper industry. Most efficient method of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis is through enzymatic saccharification using cellulases. Significant information has also been gained about the physiology of thermophilic cellulases producers and process development for enzyme production and biomass saccharification. The review discusses the current knowledge on cellulase producing thermophilic microorganisms, their physiological adaptations and control of cellulase gene expression. It discusses the industrial applications of thermophilic cellulases, their cost of production and challenges in cellulase research especially in the area of improving process economics of enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Acharya
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi-110012 , India
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48
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Hong SI, Kim Y, Yoon SW, Cho SY, Kim IH. Synthesis of CLA-enriched TAG byCandida antarcticalipase under vacuum. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Papaleo E, Renzetti G, Tiberti M. Mechanisms of intramolecular communication in a hyperthermophilic acylaminoacyl peptidase: a molecular dynamics investigation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35686. [PMID: 22558199 PMCID: PMC3338720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein dynamics and the underlying networks of intramolecular interactions and communicating residues within the three-dimensional (3D) structure are known to influence protein function and stability, as well as to modulate conformational changes and allostery. Acylaminoacyl peptidase (AAP) subfamily of enzymes belongs to a unique class of serine proteases, the prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) family, which has not been thoroughly investigated yet. POPs have a characteristic multidomain three-dimensional architecture with the active site at the interface of the C-terminal catalytic domain and a β-propeller domain, whose N-terminal region acts as a bridge to the hydrolase domain. In the present contribution, protein dynamics signatures of a hyperthermophilic acylaminoacyl peptidase (AAP) of the prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) family, as well as of a deletion variant and alanine mutants (I12A, V13A, V16A, L19A, I20A) are reported. In particular, we aimed at identifying crucial residues for long range communications to the catalytic site or promoting the conformational changes to switch from closed to open ApAAP conformations. Our investigation shows that the N-terminal α1-helix mediates structural intramolecular communication to the catalytic site, concurring to the maintenance of a proper functional architecture of the catalytic triad. Main determinants of the effects induced by α1-helix are a subset of hydrophobic residues (V16, L19 and I20). Moreover, a subset of residues characterized by relevant interaction networks or coupled motions have been identified, which are likely to modulate the conformational properties at the interdomain interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Papaleo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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50
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Chen NG, Gregory K, Sun Y, Golovlev V. Transient model of thermal deactivation of enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1318-24. [PMID: 21749935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of enzyme deactivation provide useful insights on processes that determine the level of biological function of any enzyme. Photinus pyralis (firefly) luciferase is a convenient enzyme system for studying mechanisms and kinetics of enzyme deactivation, refolding, and denaturation caused by various external factors, physical or chemical by nature. In this report we present a study of luciferase deactivation caused by increased temperature (i.e., thermal deactivation). We found that deactivation occurs through a reversible intermediate state and can be described by a Transient model that includes active and reversibly inactive states. The model can be used as a general framework for analysis of complex, multiexponential transient kinetics that can be observed for some enzymes by reaction progression assays. In this study the Transient model has been used to develop an analytical model for studying a time course of luciferase deactivation. The model might be applicable toward enzymes in general and can be used to determine if the enzyme exposed to external factors, physical or chemical by nature, undergoes structural transformation consistent with thermal mechanisms of deactivation.
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