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Yang C, Dong H, Li X, Zhou N, Liu Y, Jin J, Wang Y. The σ+π dual aromaticity of typical bi-tetrazole ring molecule TKX-50. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400005. [PMID: 38259129 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Two complexes of dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) were employed to evaluate the aromaticity of their tetrazole rings via deep analysis such as the electronic structure, the ZZ component of the natural chemical shielding tensor (NICSZZ) and component orbitals, localized orbital locator purely contributed by σ-orbitals (LOL-σ) and localized orbital locator purely contributed by π-orbitals (LOL-π), the anisotropy of the induced current density (AICD) and the ZZ component of iso-chemical shielding surface (ICSSZZ) of these tetrazole rings thereof. The conclusion shows: that all tetrazole rings and bi-tetrazole rings in complexes have strong σ and a comparable strength π double aromaticity; all these magnetic shields almost symmetrically increase from the central axis to the tetrazole ring atoms; tetrazole rings in complex II show a little stronger dual aromaticity than that in complex I mainly due to the different orientation of the fragment 2 encompassing two hydroxylamine groups resulting in different effects on the contributions of σ orbitals and π orbitals to total aromaticity of tetrazole rings thereof; the difference in aromaticity is fundamentally caused by the atoms O with stronger electron-withdrawing than atom N in fragment 2 interact with bi-tetrazole ring through O in complex I but through N in complex II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Yang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, China
| | - Huilong Dong
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Junxun Jin
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, China
| | - Yinjun Wang
- BGRIMM Explosive & Blasting Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100160, China
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Manassir M, Pakiari AH. Valence non-Lewis density as an approach to describe and measure aromaticity of organic and inorganic molecules. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 110:108062. [PMID: 34775218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the linear combination of atomic orbital-molecular orbital by the natural bond orbitals (NBO) theory, the attractive donor-acceptor superposition interaction between filled (Lewis-type) and vacant (non-Lewis-type) orbitals provide a general mechanism for quantal energy lowering. This interaction has a direct impact on the quantity of the second-order stabilization energy. Therefore, the valence non-Lewis density (VNLD) index, the electron density of unoccupied valence nonbonding and antibonding orbitals, is introduced as an approach to describe and measure aromaticity. This index is based on the frontier orbital concept. To investigate the validity of the proposed aromaticity index, we selected several test sets of organic and inorganic molecules such as different ring sizes in cyclic and heterocyclic hydrocarbons, and all-metal and semimetal clusters, and compared our findings with previous aromaticity analysis. According to the results, VNLD values are well correlated and anticipated the order of aromaticity with the formerly introduced criteria. Furthermore, VNLD reveals that the rings with π-sextet electrons localized in a ring are more aromatic than the other rings, thus, it is in line with Clar's rule. Our proposed aromaticity index has advantages such as, easy to obtain from NBO analysis, and does not require reference molecules which made it more applicable for realizing the aromaticity order in many organic and inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Manassir
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Ali H Pakiari
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
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Nikmaram FR, Kalateh K. Aromaticity of C20H10-xFx Corannulene: A Comparative Study by NICS and EFG Methods. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181024115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Corannulene (C20H10) and its fluorinated derivatives, C20H10-xFx (x=1-10), are investigated at the B3LYP/6-31G level of density functional theory. The degree of electron delocalization is evaluated using Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) method, Electric Field Gradient (EFG) method and factor of Ellipticity (ε). In this study, the benzene is the scale of comparison as a more aromatic structure. The aromaticity has been evaluated at three points of structures; center of five-member ring (5-MR), center of fluorine-substituted ring (6-MR), and center of other six-member rings. This comparison shows that substitution of fluorine for four and five hydrogen atoms in the Corannulene structure, C20H10-xFx (x=4, 5), results in more aromaticity compared to the other substitutions, and C20H10 and C20H10-xFx (x=1, 3) are more antiaromatic. It seems that the EFG method is more reliable for forecasting the aromaticity of structures, than NICS method. The factor of Ellipticity and bond lengths resulted from Atom in Molecule (AIM) analysis support the EFG method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Roya Nikmaram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Kalateh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Szczepanik DW, Solà M, Andrzejak M, Pawełek B, Dominikowska J, Kukułka M, Dyduch K, Krygowski TM, Szatylowicz H. The role of the long-range exchange corrections in the description of electron delocalization in aromatic species. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1640-1654. [PMID: 28436535 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we address the role of the long-range exchange corrections in description of the cyclic delocalization of electrons in aromatic systems at the density functional theory level. A test set of diversified monocyclic and polycyclic aromatics is used in benchmark calculations involving various exchange-correlation functionals. A special emphasis is given to the problem of local aromaticity in acenes, which has been a subject of long-standing debate in the literature. The presented results indicate that the noncorrected exchange-correlation functionals significantly overestimate cyclic delocalization of electrons in heteroaromatics and aromatic systems with fused rings, which in the case of acenes leads to conflicting local aromaticity predictions from different criteria. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Faculty of Chemistry, K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computational i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcin Andrzejak
- Faculty of Chemistry, K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawełek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Cracow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Justyna Dominikowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical and Structural Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
| | - Mercedes Kukułka
- Faculty of Chemistry, K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| | - Karol Dyduch
- Faculty of Chemistry, K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Cracow, 30-060, Poland
| | - Tadeusz M Krygowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Halina Szatylowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
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Tokatlı A, Tunç F, Ucun F, Oturak H. Aromatization of triafulvene and its exocyclic Si, Ge, and Sn derivations by complexation with halogen atoms. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1239198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Tokatlı
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatmagül Tunç
- Vocational High School of Health Services, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ucun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Halil Oturak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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