1
|
Tang M, Zhang M, Fu Y, Chen L, Li D, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang C, Xiu P, Wilksch JJ, Luo Y, Han J, Yang H, Wang H. Terahertz label-free detection of nicotine-induced neural cell changes and the underlying mechanisms. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115697. [PMID: 37751650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine exposure can lead to neurological impairments and brain tumors, and a label-free and nondestructive detection technique is urgently required by the scientific community to assess the effects of nicotine on neural cells. Herein, a terahertz (THz) time-domain attenuated total reflection (TD-ATR) spectroscopy approach is reported, by which the effects of nicotine on normal and cancerous neural cells, i.e., HEB and U87 cells, are successfully investigated in a label/stain-free and nondestructive manner. The obtained THz absorption coefficients of HEB cells exposed to low-dose nicotine and high-dose nicotine are smaller and larger, respectively, than the untreated cells. In contrast, the THz absorption coefficients of U87 cells treated by nicotine are always smaller than the untreated cells. The THz absorption coefficients can be well related to the proliferation properties (cell number and compositional changes) and morphological changes of neural cells, by which different types of neural cells are differentiated and the viabilities of neural cells treated by nicotine are reliably assessed. Collectively, this work sheds new insights on the effects of nicotine on neural cells, and provides a useful tool (THz TD-ATR spectroscopy) for the study of chemical-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Tang
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Mingkun Zhang
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jonathan J Wilksch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Huabin Wang
- Research Center of Super-Resolution Optics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lia A, Di Spiezio A, Vitalini L, Tore M, Puja G, Losi G. Ion Channels and Ionotropic Receptors in Astrocytes: Physiological Functions and Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease and Glioblastoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2038. [PMID: 37895420 PMCID: PMC10608464 DOI: 10.3390/life13102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is composed of nearly one hundred billion neurons and an equal number of glial cells, including macroglia, i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. In the last few decades, compelling evidence has revealed that glial cells are far more active and complex than previously thought. In particular, astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell population, not only take part in brain development, metabolism, and defense against pathogens and insults, but they also affect sensory, motor, and cognitive functions by constantly modulating synaptic activity. Not surprisingly, astrocytes are actively involved in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and other neurological disorders like brain tumors, in which they rapidly become reactive and mediate neuroinflammation. Reactive astrocytes acquire or lose specific functions that differently modulate disease progression and symptoms, including cognitive impairments. Astrocytes express several types of ion channels, including K+, Na+, and Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels (TRP), aquaporins, mechanoreceptors, and anion channels, whose properties and functions are only partially understood, particularly in small processes that contact synapses. In addition, astrocytes express ionotropic receptors for several neurotransmitters. Here, we provide an extensive and up-to-date review of the roles of ion channels and ionotropic receptors in astrocyte physiology and pathology. As examples of two different brain pathologies, we focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most diffuse neurodegenerative disorders, and glioblastoma (GBM), the most common brain tumor. Understanding how ion channels and ionotropic receptors in astrocytes participate in NDs and tumors is necessary for developing new therapeutic tools for these increasingly common neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Lia
- Department Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Spiezio
- Department Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.S.)
- Neuroscience Institute (CNR-IN), Padova Section, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vitalini
- Department Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Manuela Tore
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Modena Section, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Department Biomedical Science, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Puja
- Department Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriele Losi
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Modena Section, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Department Biomedical Science, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effah F, Taiwo B, Baines D, Bailey A, Marczylo T. Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:343-371. [PMID: 36154615 PMCID: PMC9590402 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are purported to be tobacco harm-reduction products whose degree of harm has been highly debated. EC use is considered less hazardous than smoking but is not expected to be harmless. Following the banning of e-liquid flavors in countries such as the US, Finland, Ukraine, and Hungary, there are growing concerns regarding the safety profile of e-liquid flavors used in ECs. While these are employed extensively in the food industry and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) when ingested, GRAS status after inhalation is unclear. The aim of this review was to assess evidence from 38 reports on the adverse effects of flavored e-liquids on the respiratory system in both in vitro and in vivo studies published between 2006 and 2021. Data collected demonstrated greater detrimental effects in vitro with cinnamon (9 articles), strawberry (5 articles), and menthol (10 articles), flavors than other flavors. The most reported effects among these investigations were perturbations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and enhanced cytotoxicity. There is sufficient evidence to support the toxicological impacts of diacetyl- and cinnamaldehyde-containing e-liquids following human inhalation; however, safety profiles on other flavors are elusive. The latter may result from inconsistencies between experimental approaches and uncertainties due to the contributions from other e-liquid constituents. Further, the relevance of the concentration ranges to human exposure levels is uncertain. Evidence indicates that an adequately controlled and consistent, systematic toxicological investigation of a broad spectrum of e-liquid flavors may be required at biologically relevant concentrations to better inform public health authorities on the risk assessment following exposure to EC flavor ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Effah
- Pharmacology Section, St George’s University of London, London, UK
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Didcot, UK
| | - Benjamin Taiwo
- Physiology Section, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Baines
- Infection and Immunity Institute, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Tim Marczylo
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Didcot, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pal K, Hussain T, Xie H, Li S, Yang P, Mansfield A, Lou Y, Chowdhury S, Mukhopadhyay D. Expression, correlation, and prognostic significance of different nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, programed death ligand 1, and dopamine receptor D2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959500. [PMID: 36072788 PMCID: PMC9441878 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of different nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) as prognostic factors in lung cancer and any correlation among them. Since all of the above genes are typically upregulated in response to smoking, we hypothesized that a correlation might exist between DRD2, PD-L1, and nAChR expression in NSCLC patients with a smoking history and a prediction model may be developed to assess the clinical outcome. Methods We retrospectively analyzed samples from 46 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection at Mayo Clinic Rochester from June 2000 to October 2008. The expression of PD-L1, DRD2, CHRNA5, CHRNA7, and CHRNA9 were analyzed by quantitative PCR and correlated amongst themselves and with age, stage and grade, smoking status, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS). Results Only PD-L1 showed a statistically significant increase in expression in patients older than 65. All the above genes showed higher expression in stage IIIB than IIIA, but none reached statistical significance. Interestingly, we did not observe significant differences among never, former, and current smokers, but patients with pack years greater than 30 showed significantly higher expression of CHRNA9. We observed a strong positive correlation between PD-L1/DRD2, PD-L1/CHRNA5, and CHRNA5/CHRNA7 and a weak positive correlation between DRD2/CHRNA5 and DRD2/CHRNA7. Older age was independently associated with poor OS, whereas lower CHRNA7 expression was independently associated with better OS. Conclusions We observed strong positive correlations among PD-L1, DRD2, and some of the nAChRs. We investigated their prognostic significance in lung cancer patients and found CHRNA7 to be an independent prognostic factor. Overall, the results obtained from this preliminary study warrant a large cohort-based analysis that may ultimately lead to potential patient-specific stratification biomarkers predicting cancer-treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Tabish Hussain
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Hao Xie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shenduo Li
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Aaron Mansfield
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Shantanu Chowdhury
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neurotransmitters: Potential Targets in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163970. [PMID: 36010960 PMCID: PMC9406056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aiming to discover potential treatments for GBM, this review connects emerging research on the roles of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments and sheds light on the prospects of their application in the neuropharmacology of GBM. Conventional therapy is blamed for its poor effect, especially in inhibiting tumor recurrence and invasion. Facing this dilemma, we focus on neurotransmitters that modulate GBM initiation, progression and invasion, hoping to provide novel therapy targeting GBM. By analyzing research concerning GBM therapy systematically and scientifically, we discover increasing insights into the regulatory effects of neurotransmitters, some of which have already shown great potential in research in vivo or in vitro. After that, we further summarize the potential drugs in correlation with previously published research. In summary, it is worth expecting that targeting neurotransmitters could be a promising novel pharmacological approach for GBM treatment. Abstract For decades, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a type of the most lethal brain tumor, has remained a formidable challenge in terms of its treatment. Recently, many novel discoveries have underlined the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the microenvironment both physiologically and pathologically. By targeting the receptors synaptically or non-synaptically, neurotransmitters activate multiple signaling pathways. Significantly, many ligands acting on neurotransmitter receptors have shown great potential for inhibiting GBM growth and development, requiring further research. Here, we provide an overview of the most novel advances concerning the role of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments, and discuss potential targeted drugs used for GBM treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vivarelli F, Granata S, Rullo L, Mussoni M, Candeletti S, Romualdi P, Fimognari C, Cruz-Chamorro I, Carrillo-Vico A, Paolini M, Canistro D. On the toxicity of e-cigarettes consumption: Focus on pathological cellular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106315. [PMID: 35724819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains without a doubt one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. In combination with conventional protocols for smoking cessation, e-cigarettes have been proposed as a useful tool to quit smoking. Advertised as almost free of toxic effects, e-cigarettes have rapidly increased their popularity, becoming a sought-after device, especially among young people. Recently some health concerns about e-cigarette consumption are being raised. It is well known that they can release several toxic compounds, some of which are carcinogenic to humans, and emerging results are now outlining the risks related to the onset of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. The present review shows the emerging evidence about the role of technical components of the devices, the e-liquid composition as well as customization by consumers. The primary topics we discuss are the main toxicological aspects associated with e-cigarette consumption, focusing on the molecular pathways involved. Here it will be shown how exposure to e-cigarette aerosol induces stress/mitochondrial toxicity, DNA breaks/fragmentation following the same pathological pathways triggered by tobacco smoke, including the deregulation of molecular signalling axis associated with cancer progression and cell migration. Risk to fertility and pregnancy, as well as cardiovascular risk associated with e-cigarette use, have also been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Granata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery - University of Milano - Bicocca
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Mussoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kabir F, Apu MNH. Multi-omics analysis predicts fibronectin 1 as a prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma multiforme. Genomics 2022; 114:110378. [PMID: 35513291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant and intractable central nervous system tumors with high recurrence, low survival rate, and poor prognosis. Despite the advances of aggressive, multimodal treatment, a successful treatment strategy is still elusive, often leading to therapeutic resistance and fatality. Thus, it is imperative to search for and identify novel markers critically associated with GBM pathogenesis to improve the existing trend of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Seven publicly available GEO microarray datasets containing 409 GBM samples were integrated and further data mining was conducted using several bioinformatics tools. A total of 209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the GBM tissue samples compared to the normal brains. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed association of the upregulates genes with extracellular matrix (ECM), conceivably contributing to the invasive nature of GBM while downregulated DEGs were found to be predominantly related to neuronal processes and structures. Alongside, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome pathway analyses described the involvement of the DEGs with various crucial contributing pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, insulin secretion, etc.) in GBM progression and pathogenesis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network containing 879 nodes and 1237 edges revealed 3 significant modules and consecutive KEGG pathway analysis of these modules showed a significant connection to gliomagenesis. Later, 10 hub genes were screened out based on degree and their expressions were externally validated. Surprisingly, only fibronectin 1 (FN1) high expression appeared to be related to poor prognosis. Subsequently, 109 transcription factors and 211 miRNAs were detected to be involved with the hub genes where FN1 demonstrated the highest number of interactions. Considering its high connectivity and potential prognostic value FN1 could be a novel biomarker providing new insights into the prognosis and treatment for GBM, although experimental validation is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Kabir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pucci S, Zoli M, Clementi F, Gotti C. α9-Containing Nicotinic Receptors in Cancer. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:805123. [PMID: 35126059 PMCID: PMC8814915 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.805123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the α9 or the α9 and α10 subunits are expressed in various extra-neuronal tissues. Moreover, most cancer cells and tissues highly express α9-containing receptors, and a number of studies have shown that they are powerful regulators of responses that stimulate cancer processes such as proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and metastasis. It has also emerged that their modulation is a promising target for drug development. The aim of this review is to summarize recent data showing the involvement of these receptors in controlling the downstream signaling cascades involved in the promotion of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pucci
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (CfNN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Gotti
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balogun TA, Ige OM, Alausa AO, Onyeani CO, Tiamiyu ZA, Omoboyowa DA, Saibu OA, Abdullateef OT. Receptor tyrosine kinases as a therapeutic target by natural compounds in cancer treatment. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that play significant roles in regulating cellular processes, including cell division and growth. Overexpression and mutations of RTKs have been found in clinical manifestations of different forms of cancer. Therefore, RTKs have received considerable interest as a therapeutic biomarker in the treatment of cancer cells.
Main body of the abstract
Comprehensive data on RTKs, pharmacological and biological properties of natural compounds were systematically searched up to 2021 using relevant keywords from various databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The scientific search by various standard electronic resources and databases unveils the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of various cancers. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and many others can be used pharmacologically as RTKs inhibitors (RTKI) either by competing with ATP at the ATP binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain or competing for the receptor extracellular domain. Additionally, studies conducted on animal models indicated that inhibition of RTKs catalytic activity by natural compounds is one of the most effective ways to block the activation of RTKs signaling cascades, thereby hampering the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, various pharmacological experiments, transcriptomic, and proteomic data also reported that cancer cells treated with different plants extracts or isolated phytochemicals exhibited better anticancer properties with minimal side effects than synthetic drugs. Clinically, natural compounds have demonstrated significant anti-proliferative effect via induction of cell apoptosis in cancer cell lines.
Short conclusion
An in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of inhibition and structural characterization of RTKs is important to the design of novel and selective RTKIs. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and structures of natural compounds RTKI targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor while also giving future directions to ameliorate the scientific burden of cancer.
Graphic abstract
Collapse
|
10
|
Evidence of a dual mechanism of action underlying the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of ammonium-alkyloxy-stilbene-based α7- and α9-nicotinic ligands on glioblastoma cells. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105959. [PMID: 34756924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most frequent brain tumours, are highly invasive and their prognosis is still poor despite the use of combination treatment. MG624 is a 4-oxystilbene derivative that is active on α7- and α9-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Hybridisation of MG624 with a non-nicotinic resveratrol-derived pro-oxidant mitocan has led to two novel compounds (StN-4 and StN-8) that are more potent than MG624 in reducing the viability of GBM cells, but less potent in reducing the viability of mouse astrocytes. Functional analysis of their activity on α7 receptors showed that StN-4 is a silent agonist, whereas StN-8 is a full antagonist, and neither alters intracellular [Ca2+] levels when acutely applied to U87MG cells. After 72 h of exposure, both compounds decreased U87MG cell proliferation, and pAKT and oxphos ATP levels, but only StN-4 led to a significant accumulation of cells in phase G1/G0 and increased apoptosis. One hour of exposure to either compound also decreased the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ATP production of U87MG cells, and this was not paralleled by any increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. Knocking down the α9 subunit (which is expressed at relatively high levels in U87MG cells) decreased the potency of the effects of both compounds on cell viability, but cell proliferation, ATP production, pAKT levels were unaffected by the presence of the noncell-permeable α7/α9-selective antagonist αBungarotoxin. These last findings suggest that the anti-tumoral effects of StN-4 and StN-8 on GBM cells are not only due to their action on nAChRs, but also to other non-nicotinic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
11
|
Analysis of electric cigarette liquid effect on mouse brain tumor growth through EGFR and ERK activation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256730. [PMID: 34495991 PMCID: PMC8425573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, electric cigarettes with liquid (e-liquid) were introduced as an alternative to tobacco smoking. They were promoted as possible cessation aids and were considered to be potentially less harmful than traditional tobacco-based cigarettes. However, there is little information on the toxicants present in e-liquids and their possible carcinogenic effects. Methods Western blot analysis was performed to identify the protein levels of cancer progression related signal transducers. Patient-derived brain tumor cells (CSC2) were injected into mouse brains and tumor growth was then observed by performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the whole brain. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Immunofluorescence staining were performed to study the expression of pEGFR and pERK. Results Western blotting revealed that e-liquids increased pEGFR and pERK expression in a dose dependent manner. Animal experiments revealed that the e-liquid treated group had accelerated tumor growth and poor prognosis compared to the vehicle group. Histological staining showed activation of pEGFR and pERK in the e-liquid treated group. Conclusion Our study revealed that e-liquid activates pEGFR and pERK, leading to accelerated brain tumor growth and poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Clarke MR, Jones B, Squires CLM, Imhoff FM, Harwood DT, Rhodes L, Selwood AI, McNabb PS, Baird SK. Cyclic Imine Pinnatoxin G is Cytotoxic to Cancer Cell Lines via Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Driven Classical Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2035-2042. [PMID: 34170700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pinnatoxin G is a cyclic imine neurotoxin produced by dinoflagellates that has been reported in shellfish. Like other members of the pinnatoxin family, it has been shown to have its effects via antagonism of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with preferential binding to the α7 subunit often upregulated in cancer. Because increased activity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors contributes to increased growth and resistance to apoptosis, the effect of pinnatoxin G on cancer cell viability was tested. In a panel of six cancer cell lines, all cell types lost viability, but HT29 colon cancer and LN18 and U373 glioma cell lines were more sensitive than MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, PC3 prostate cancer cells, and U87 glioma cells, correlating with expression levels of α7, α4, and α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Some loss of cell viability could be attributed to cell cycle arrest, but significant levels of classical apoptosis were found, characterized by caspase activity, phosphatidylserine exposure, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and fragmented DNA. Intracellular Ca2+ levels also dropped immediately upon pinnatoxin G treatment, which may relate to antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated Ca2+ inflow. In conclusion, pinnatoxin G can decrease cancer cell viability, with both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ben Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Chloe L M Squires
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Floriane M Imhoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - D Tim Harwood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Rhodes
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand
| | | | - Paul S McNabb
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7040, New Zealand
| | - Sarah K Baird
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mousavi SR, Khosravian F, Hemmat N, Feizbakhshan S, Salmanizadeh S, Foroutan FS, Ghaedi K, Salehi M. A glance at glioblastoma molecular culprits through in-silico analysis. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Pucci S, Fasoli F, Moretti M, Benfante R, Di Lascio S, Viani P, Daga A, Gordon TJ, McIntosh M, Zoli M, Clementi F, Gotti C. Choline and nicotine increase glioblastoma cell proliferation by binding and activating α7- and α9- containing nicotinic receptors. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105336. [PMID: 33276105 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most frequent and aggressive human primary brain tumours, have altered cell metabolism, and one of the strongest indicators of malignancy is an increase in choline compounds. Choline is also a selective agonist of some neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. As little is known concerning the expression of nAChR in glioblastoma cells, we analysed in U87MG human grade-IV astrocytoma cell line and GBM5 temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells selected from a cancer stem cell-enriched culture, molecularly, pharmacologically and functionally which nAChR subtypes are expressed and,whether choline and nicotine can affect GBM cell proliferation. We found that U87MG and GBM5 cells express similar nAChR subtypes, and choline and nicotine increase their proliferation rate and activate the anti-apoptotic AKT and pro-proliferative ERK pathways. These effects are blocked by the presence of non-cell-permeable peptide antagonists selective for α7- and α9-containing nicotinic receptors. siRNA-mediated silencing of α7 or α9 subunit expression also selectively prevents the effects of nicotine and choline on GBM cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that nicotine and choline activate the signalling pathways involved in the proliferation of GBM cells, and that these effects are mediated by α7 and α9-containing nAChRs. This suggests that these nicotinic receptors may contribute to the aggressive behaviour of this tumor and may indicate new therapeutic strategies against high-grade human brain tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pucci
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy; Hunimed University, Via Rita Levi-Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Francesca Fasoli
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Benfante
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Di Lascio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Cellular Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas J Gordon
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael McIntosh
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (CfNN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer initiation and progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:669-681. [PMID: 32770391 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. Accumulated evidences clearly show that the sympathetic nervous system exerts stimulatory effects on carcinogenesis and cancer growth. However, the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer has been much less elucidated. Whereas retrospective studies in vagotomized patients and experiments employing vagotomized animals indicate the parasympathetic nervous system has an inhibitory effect on cancer, clinical studies in patients with prostate cancer indicate it has stimulatory effects. Therefore, the aim of this paper is a critical evaluation of the available data related to the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in cancer.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abi-Gerges A, Dagher-Hamalian C, Abou-Khalil P, Chahine JB, Hachem P, Khalil C. Evaluation of waterpipe smoke toxicity in C57BL/6 mice model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 63:101940. [PMID: 32889155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking is a popular pastime worldwide with statistics pointing to an alarming increase in consumption. In the current paper, the evaluation of sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure was undertaken using C57BL/6 female mice using a dynamic exposure setting to emulate smoke exposure. Mice were daily subjected to either one (single exposure, SE) or two sessions (double exposure, DE) of waterpipe-generated smoke (two-apple flavor) for a period of two months. Although lungs histopathological examination pointed to a minor inflammation in smoke-exposed mice compared to control air-exposed (CON) group, the lung weights of the waterpipe-exposed mice were significantly higher (+72% in SE and +39% in DE) (p < 0.01) when compared to CON group. Moreover, changes in the protein expression of several proteins such as iNOS and JNK were noted in the lungs of smoke-exposed mice. However, no changes in p38 and EGFR protein levels were noted between the three groups of mice. Our results mainly showed a significant increase in urea serum levels (+28%) in SE mice along with renal pathological damage in both SE and DE mice compared to CON. Additionally, severe significant DNA damages (p < 0.05) were reported in the lungs, kidneys, bone marrow and liver of waterpipe-exposed animals, using MTS and COMET assays. These findings highlighted the significant risks posed by sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure in the selected animal model and the pressing need for future better management of waterpipe indoor consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniella Abi-Gerges
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Abou-Khalil
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pia Hachem
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cigarette Smoking Is Associated with Increased Risk of Malignant Gliomas: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051343. [PMID: 32466105 PMCID: PMC7280985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing malignant glioma (MG) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate this potential association in a large general population, using a well-established and validated longitudinal nationwide database. Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort, 9,811,768 people over 20 years old without any cancer history in 2009 were followed until the end of 2017. We documented 6100 MG cases (ICD-10 code C71) during the median follow-up period of 7.31 years. Current smokers had a higher risk of developing MG (HR = 1.22, CI: 1.13–1.32) compared with never-smokers, after adjusting for confounders. This association was stronger for those who smoked ≥ 20 cigarettes daily (HR = 1.50, CI: 1.36–1.64). Furthermore, having 30 or more pack-years of smoking over the course of one’s lifetime was associated with an increased risk of developing MG in a dose-dependent manner, compared with never-smokers (HR = 1.31, CI: 1.16–1.48 for 30–39 pack-years of smoking; HR = 1.36, CI: 1.17–1.59 for 40–49 pack-years of smoking; HR = 1.68; CI: 1.44–1.95 for ≥ 50 pack-years of smoking). These results suggest that cigarette smoking may be associated with developing MG. Further prospective studies could help elucidate this association.
Collapse
|
18
|
McConnell DD, Carr SB, Litofsky NS. Potential effects of nicotine on glioblastoma and chemoradiotherapy: a review. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:545-555. [PMID: 31092064 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1617701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis despite maximal surgical resection with subsequent multi-modal radiation and chemotherapy. Use of tobacco products following diagnosis and during the period of treatment for non-neural tumors detrimentally affects treatment and prognosis. Approximately, 16-28% of patients with glioblastoma continue to smoke after diagnosis and during treatment. The literature is sparse for information-pertaining effects of smoking and nicotine on GBM treatment and prognosis. Areas covered: This review discusses cellular pathways involved in GBM progression that might be affected by nicotine, as well as how nicotine may contribute to resistance to treatment. Similarities of GBM pathways to those in non-neural tumors are investigated for potential effects by nicotine. English language papers were identified using PubMed, Medline and Scopus databases using a combination of keywords including but not limited to the following: nicotine, vaping, tobacco, e-cigarettes, smoking, vaping AND glioblastoma or brain cancer OR/AND temozolomide, carmustine, methotrexate, procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine, and neural tumor cell lines. Expert opinion: Understanding the impact of nicotine on treatment and resistance to chemotherapeutics should allow physicians to educate their patients with GBM with evidence-based recommendations about the effects of continuing to use nicotine-containing products after diagnosis and during treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane D McConnell
- a Division of Neurological Surgery , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Steven B Carr
- a Division of Neurological Surgery , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - N Scott Litofsky
- a Division of Neurological Surgery , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wisniewski DJ, Ma T, Schneider A. Nicotine induces oral dysplastic keratinocyte migration via fatty acid synthase-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:343-352. [PMID: 29966661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic management, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patient survival rates have remained relatively unchanged. Thus, identifying early triggers of malignant progression is critical to prevent OSCC development. Traditionally, OSCC initiation is elicited by the frequent and direct exposure to multiple tobacco-derived carcinogens, and not by the nicotine contained in tobacco products. However, other nicotine-containing products, especially the increasingly popular electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), have unknown effects on the progression of undiagnosed tobacco-induced oral premalignant lesions, specifically in regard to the effects of nicotine. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key hepatic de novo lipogenic enzyme, is linked to poor OSCC patient survival. Nicotine upregulates hepatic FASN, but whether this response occurs in oral dysplastic keratinocytes is unknown. We hypothesized that in oral dysplastic keratinocytes, nicotine triggers a migratory phenotype through FASN-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, a common pro-oncogenic event supporting oral carcinogenesis. We report that in oral dysplastic cells, nicotine markedly upregulates FASN leading to FASN-dependent EGFR activation and increased cell migration. These results raise potential concerns about e-cig safety, especially when used by former tobacco smokers with occult oral premalignant lesions where nicotine could trigger oncogenic signals commonly associated with malignant progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Wisniewski
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang C, Gu W, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Wen Y, Xu X. Nicotine promotes cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa migration and invasion by activating PI3k/Akt/NF-κB pathway in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:402-407. [PMID: 28385482 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of highly risk factors of cervical cancer. Recently nicotine has been reported to increase proliferation and invasion in some smoking related cancers, like non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell cancer. However, the effects and mechanisms of nicotine stimulation on cervical cancer cells are not clear. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of nicotine stimulation on HeLa cells in vitro. In our study, we found that nicotine could accelerate HeLa cells migration and invasion, activate PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways and increase the expression of Vimentin in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrated that the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could reverse nicotine-induced cell migration and invasion, NF-κB activation and up-regulation of Vimentin. Inhibition of NF-κB by Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also antagonized nicotine-induced cell migration, invasion and up-regulation of Vimentin. Simply put, these findings suggest that nicotine promotes cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa migration and invasion by activating PI3k/Akt/NF-κB pathway in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengze Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, PR China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Qilu hospital of Shandong University, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, PR China
| | - Yawen Ji
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, PR China
| | - Yong Wen
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, PR China.
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martínez AK, Jensen K, Hall C, O'Brien A, Ehrlich L, White T, Meng F, Zhou T, Greene J, Bernuzzi F, Invernizzi P, Dostal DE, Lairmore T, Alpini G, Glaser SS. Nicotine Promotes Cholangiocarcinoma Growth in Xenograft Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1093-1105. [PMID: 28315314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, the main addictive substance in tobacco, is known to play a role in the development and/or progression of a number of malignant tumors. However, nicotine's involvement in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is controversial. Therefore, we studied the effects of nicotine on the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and the progression of cholangiocarcinoma in a mouse xenograft model. The predominant subunit responsible for nicotine-mediated proliferation in normal and cancer cells, the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), was more highly expressed in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines compared with normal human cholangiocytes. Nicotine also stimulated the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and promoted α7-nAChR-dependent activation of proliferation and phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase in Mz-ChA-1 cells. In addition, nicotine and PNU282987 (α7-nAChR agonist) accelerated the growth of the cholangiocarcinoma tumors in our xenograft mouse model and increased fibrosis, proliferation of the tumor cells, and phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase activation. Finally, α7-nAChR was expressed at significantly higher levels in human cholangiocarcinoma compared with normal human control liver samples. Taken together, results of this study suggest that nicotine acts through α7-nAChR and plays a novel role in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, nicotine may act as a mitogen in cholestatic liver disease processes, thereby facilitating malignant transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Kendal Jensen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Chad Hall
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - April O'Brien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Laurent Ehrlich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Tori White
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - John Greene
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Francesca Bernuzzi
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - David E Dostal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Terry Lairmore
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Shannon S Glaser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Haussmann HJ, Fariss MW. Comprehensive review of epidemiological and animal studies on the potential carcinogenic effects of nicotine per se. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:701-34. [PMID: 27278157 PMCID: PMC5020336 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1182116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of long-term use of nicotine per se on cancer risk, in the absence of tobacco extract or smoke, are not clearly understood. This review evaluates the strength of published scientific evidence, in both epidemiological and animal studies, for the potential carcinogenic effects of nicotine per se; that is to act as a complete carcinogen or as a modulator of carcinogenesis. For human studies, there appears to be inadequate evidence for an association between nicotine exposure and the presence of or lack of a carcinogenic effect due to the limited information available. In animal studies, limited evidence suggests an association between long-term nicotine exposure and a lack of a complete carcinogenic effect. Conclusive studies using current bioassay guidelines, however, are missing. In studies using chemical/physical carcinogens or transgenic models, there appears to be inadequate evidence for an association between nicotine exposure and the presence of or lack of a modulating (stimulating) effect on carcinogenesis. This is primarily due to the large number of conflicting studies. In contrast, a majority of studies provides sufficient evidence for an association between nicotine exposure and enhanced carcinogenesis of cancer cells inoculated in mice. This modulating effect was especially prominent in immunocompromized mice. Overall, taking the human and animal studies into consideration, there appears to be inadequate evidence to conclude that nicotine per se does or does not cause or modulate carcinogenesis in humans. This conclusion is in agreement with the recent US Surgeon General's 2014 report on the health consequences of nicotine exposure.
Collapse
|
23
|
Li HX, Peng XX, Zong Q, Zhang K, Wang MX, Liu YZ, Han GL. Cigarette smoking and risk of adult glioma: a meta-analysis of 24 observational studies involving more than 2.3 million individuals. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3511-23. [PMID: 27366088 PMCID: PMC4913539 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking has been shown to be a risk factor for adult glioma by some but not all studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the potential association. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched from the date of their inception to October 1, 2015, to identify relevant articles. Reference lists from these articles were reviewed to identify additional studies. Both cohort and case–control studies were included. Fixed-effects models were used to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The final analysis included 24 studies (seven cohort and 17 case–control studies), involving more than 2.3 million individuals. The combined RR was 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.09; P=0.073) for ever-smokers, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.07; P=0.574) for current-smokers, and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.16; P=0.130) for past smokers, with little evidence of heterogeneity. Omission of any single study from the analysis had little effect on the result. No evidence of publication bias was found. A small but statistically significant increase was found in past smokers in females (RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.28; P=0.046) but not in males. Conclusion In general, there was no association between cigarette smoking and adult glioma. The small but statistically significant association in females requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhe Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Liang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schaal C, Chellappan S. Nicotine-Mediated Regulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma by E2F1 and STAT1 Transcription Factors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156451. [PMID: 27228072 PMCID: PMC4882068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 80% of all lung cancers. Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco smoke, can induce proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and survival in NSCLC cell lines, as well as growth and metastasis of NSCLC in mice. This nicotine-mediated tumor progression is facilitated through activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), specifically the α7 subunit; however, how the α7 nAChR gene is regulated in lung adenocarcinoma is not fully clear. Here we demonstrate that the α7 nAChR gene promoter is differentially regulated by E2F and STAT transcription factors through a competitive interplay; E2F1 induces the promoter, while STAT transcription factors repress it by binding to an overlapping site at a region -294 through -463bp upstream of the transcription start site. Treatment of cells with nicotine induced the mRNA and protein levels of α7 nAChR; this could be abrogated by treatment with inhibitors targeting Src, PI3K, MEK, α7 nAChR, CDK4/6 or a disruptor of the Rb-Raf-1 interaction. Further, nicotine–mediated induction of α7 nAChR was reduced when E2F1 was depleted and in contrast elevated when STAT1 was depleted by siRNAs. Interestingly, extracts from e-cigarettes, which have recently emerged as healthier alternatives to traditional cigarette smoking, can also induce α7 nAChR expression in a manner similar to nicotine. These results suggest an autoregulatory feed-forward loop that induces the levels of α7 nAChR upon exposure to nicotine, which enhances the strength of the signal. It can be imagined that such an induction of α7 nAChR contributes to the tumor-promoting functions of nicotine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Schaal
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ohkura Y, Ueno M, Iizuka T, Haruta S, Tanaka T, Udagawa H. Factors Predicting Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3365. [PMID: 27082598 PMCID: PMC4839842 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to elucidate pretreatment factors that can predict the outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy (NAC(R)T) and help us choose treatment strategies appropriate for individual patients. Few studies have investigated whether clinical data obtainable before the treatment can predict the efficacy of NAC(R)T. Of 1540 patients treated for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) at our department between January 2000 and June 2014, those who underwent surgical resection of cStage II or more advanced ESCC after NAC(R)T (113 NACRT and 146 NACT patients) were enrolled in this study. Information all available before the treatment was analyzed to extract factors that can predict the effectiveness of NAC(R)T. NAC(R)T was considered effective when Grade 2 or greater treatment efficacy was achieved based on the histological grading system. NACRT was effective in 51 (45%) of 113 patients. The analysis of 35 pretreatment factors showed that female sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.650; 1.181-11.236), absence of dyslipidemia (HR = 3.284; 1.341-8.041), and histologically poorly differentiated tumor (HR = 2.431; 1.052-5.619) were factors predicting NACRT effectiveness. On the other hand, NACT was effective in 21 (14%) of 146 patients. The analysis of pretreatment factors showed that absence of dyslipidemia (HR = 10.204; 1.302-83.33) and therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (HR = 2.097; 1.027-4.280) were factors predicting NACT effectiveness. The findings of this study investigating factors that could predict the outcome of NAC(R)T suggest that the prevalence of dyslipidemia influences the outcome of NAC(R)T for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ohkura
- From the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (YO, MU, SH, TT, HU); and Gastroenterology (TI), Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiang T, Yu F, Fei R, Qian J, Chen W. CHRNA7 inhibits cell invasion and metastasis of LoVo human colorectal cancer cells through PI3K/Akt signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:999-1005. [PMID: 26719016 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The α7 neuronal nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) is widely expressed in both the brain and periphery whereas its encoding protein of α7 neuronal acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) belongs to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family. Considerable evidence suggests that α7nAChR plays an important role in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain signaling and thus has been proposed as a potential target for treating cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of endogenous α7nAChR signaling in human colorectal cancer growth and metastasis. pLVX‑CHRNA7 encoding the full length of CHRNA7 was constructed and transfected into LoVo human colorectal cancer cells. Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8), and cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell chamber assays. Expression and activity of metastasis‑related metalloproteinases (MMPs) were analyzed by western blotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. Activation of metastasis-related signaling molecules was detected by western blotting. LY294002 was used to specifically block the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/v‑akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue (PI3K/Akt) pathway. We showed that concomitantly with an increase in α7nAChR expression after transfection, LoVo cells presented reduced abilities for migration and invasion, which was accompanied by reduced expression levels of MMP‑1 and MMP‑9 as well as activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The application of LY294002 restored the migration and invasion abilities of the LoVo cells bearing CHRNA7. Collectively, we conclude that overexpression of CHRNA7 negatively controls colorectal cancer LoVo cell invasion and metastasis via PI3K/Akt pathway activation and may serve as either a diagnostic marker or a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Anorectal Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Rushan Fei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center of Infection and Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yoneyama R, Aoshiba K, Furukawa K, Saito M, Kataba H, Nakamura H, Ikeda N. Nicotine enhances hepatocyte growth factor-mediated lung cancer cell migration by activating the α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor and phosphoinositide kinase-3-dependent pathway. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:673-677. [PMID: 26870265 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking not only promotes lung carcinogenesis, but it has also been demonstrated to promote the progression of lung cancer. Despite nicotine being a major component of cigarette smoke, it is not carcinogenic when acting alone. Instead, it is believed to function as a tumor promoter. Due to the fatal consequences of lung cancer being primarily associated with the processes of invasion and metastasis, the present study aimed to determine the effect of nicotine on the migratory activity of lung cancer cells. The effect of nicotine on the migration of lung cancer A549 cells was evaluated by a wound healing assay. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was used as a pro-migratory stimulus. During several of the experiments, specific inhibitors of α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAchR), phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 were included. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and ERK1/2 were examined using a cell-based protein phosphorylation assay. It was observed that nicotine did not induce cell migration by itself, but that it instead promoted HGF-induced cell migration. The effects of nicotine were inhibited by the pretreatment of the cells with the α7-nAchR inhibitor, methyllycaconitine, and the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase inhibitor exerted modest, but non-significant inhibitory activity on the effect of nicotine. Nicotine did not induce Akt phosphorylation by itself, but instead promoted the HGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt. It was also observed that nicotine had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The results from the present study indicate that nicotine, when alone, does not have a pro-migratory function, but instead enhances responsiveness to the pro-migratory stimulus emitted by HGF. The current study provides an insight into the mechanism of tumor promotion by demonstrating that nicotine and α7-nAchRs act in synergy with the HGF-induced PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to HGF, and thereby promoting cell migration, a vital step in invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Yoneyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kinya Furukawa
- Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataba
- Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiang T, Fei R, Wang Z, Shen Z, Qian J, Chen W. Nicotine enhances invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor downstream p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:205-10. [PMID: 26530054 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine as a cigarette component is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. The downstream signaling pathways of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are believed to be responsible for the cellular effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects and novel mechanisms for nicotine on the capacity for colorectal cancer cell invasion and metastasis. LOVO and SW620 colorectal cancer cells were stimulated with nicotine in vitro. A Transwell chamber model was applied to detect the capacity for tumor cell invasion. Assays for gelatin zymography and western blotting were applied to detect the activity and expression of metastasis-related matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), respectively. Signal transduction was assessed by immunoblotting for the phosphorylation of relevant signal molecules and the application of pharmaceutical inhibitors. We showed that nicotine increased LOVO and SW620 colorectal cancer cell invasion along with enhanced activity and expression of MMP-1, -2 and -9. Nicotine increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, Akt and PI3K p85 but had no effect on phosphorylation of JNK, or NF-κB. Of the pharmaceutical inhibitors of U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), LY294002 (Akt activation inhibitor), SB239063 (p38 MAPK activation inhibitor) and hexamethonium (Hex) (nAchRs inhibitor), the cellular and molecular effects were reduced by the applications of SB239063 and Hex. We concluded that nicotine stimulates the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro via activation of the nAchRs and the p38 MAPK downstream signaling pathway. Therefore, p38 MAPK may have potential as a therapeutic target for smoking-related human colorectal cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Rushan Fei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglei Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hou L, Jiang J, Liu B, Han W, Wu Y, Zou X, Nasca PC, Xue F, Chen Y, Zhang B, Pang H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li J. Smoking and adult glioma: a population-based case-control study in China. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:105-13. [PMID: 26409568 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking increases the risk of numerous cancers; however, an association of smoking with adult gliomas has not been found in a population. METHODS This case-control study included 4556 glioma cases (ICD-9 code 191.0-191.9) aged ≥ 30 years and 9112 controls from a national survey of smoking and mortality in China in 1989-1991. Controls from 325 255 surviving spouses of all-cause deaths were randomly assigned to cases in each of 103 areas according to sex and age groups at a ratio of 2:1. Smoking information was ascertained retrospectively by interviewing surviving spouses. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, smoking increased the risk of glioma deaths by 11% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21). Compared with non-smokers; the increased risk was 9% (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99-1.20) in men and 16% (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.36) in women. The risk increased with age and doses. For individuals aged ≥ 50 years, smoking was associated with higher risk of glioma death by 25% (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15-1.38); this increased risk for smokers who smoked ≥ 20 cigarettes daily for ≥ 30 years was 53% (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.34-1.74). There were similar findings in both men and women and with either pathology-based or non-pathology-based comparisons. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that smoking is associated with glioma deaths in the Chinese population. Long-term heavy smoking could be a factor for risk stratification in individuals attending brain tumor clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Jingmei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Boqi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Xiaonong Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Philip C Nasca
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Fang Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Haiyu Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Zixing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.H., J.J., W.H., F.X., B.Z., H.P., Y.W., Z.W.); Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (B.L., Y.W., X.Z., Y.C., J.L.); School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York (P.C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chernyavsky AI, Shchepotin IB, Grando SA. Mechanisms of growth-promoting and tumor-protecting effects of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:36-44. [PMID: 26071223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of nicotine as a carcinogen is debatable, it is widely accepted that it contributes to cancer by promoting growth and survival of mutated cell clones and protecting them from the chemo- and radiotherapy-induced apoptosis. On the cell membrane (cm), the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) implement upregulation of proliferative and survival genes. Nicotine also can permeate cells and activate mitochondrial (mt)-nAChRs coupled to inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, thus preventing apoptosis. In this study, we sought to pin down principal mechanisms mediating the tumor-promoting activities of nicotine resulting from activation of cm- and mt-nAChRs in oral and lung cancer cells, SCC25 and SW900, respectively. Activated cm-nAChRs were found to form complexes with receptors for EGF and VEGEF via the α7 and β2 nAChR subunits, respectively, whereas activated mt-nAChRs physically associated with the intramitochondrial protein kinases PI3K and Src via the α7 and β4 subunits. This was associated with upregulated expression of cyclin D1/activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of mPTP opening, respectively, as well as upregulated proliferation and resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. The molecular synergy between cm-nAChRs and growth factor receptors helps explain how one biological mediator, such as ACh, can modulate activity of the other, such as a growth factor, and vice versa. Establishment of functional coupling of mt-nAChRs to regulation of mPTP opening provides a novel mechanism of nicotine-dependent protection from cell death. Further elucidation of this novel mechanism of tumor-promoting activities of nicotine should have a strong translational impact, because extraneuronal nAChRs may provide a novel molecular target to prevent, reverse, or retard progression of both nicotine-related and unrelated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li H, Wang S, Takayama K, Harada T, Okamoto I, Iwama E, Fujii A, Ota K, Hidaka N, Kawano Y, Nakanishi Y. Nicotine induces resistance to erlotinib via cross-talk between α 1 nAChR and EGFR in the non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model. Lung Cancer 2015; 88:1-8. [PMID: 25670150 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given our previously published study, α 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism between nAChR and EGFR for nicotine-induced resistance to EGFR-TKI erlotinib in the NSCLC xenograft model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified the role of nicotine to EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and to erlotinib-resistance in NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells by MTS assay and western blot. Then, we established the PC9 xenograft model with nicotine exposure and treated mice with erlotinib combined with vehicle or nicotine. RESULTS We confirmed the effects of nicotine on EGFR/AKT/ERK pathways and determined nicotine's potential in preventing from the effect of erlotinib on NSCLC cells. Then, we showed that nicotine exposures can promote tumor growth and induce resistance to erlotinib in the PC9 xenograft model. Our results also indicated that chronic oral administration of nicotine can cause more significant erlotinib-resistance compared with acute i.v. injection of nicotine through activating α 1 nAChR and EGFR pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that nicotine contributes to the progression and erlotinib-resistance of the NSCLC xenograft model via the cooperation between nAChR and EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heyan Li
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuo Wang
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Taishi Harada
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwama
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujii
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ota
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Hidaka
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kawano
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo J, Chen X, Xi R, Chang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X. AEG-1 expression correlates with CD133 and PPP6c levels in human glioma tissues. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:388-95. [PMID: 25332711 PMCID: PMC4197390 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20140015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is associated with tumor genesis and progression in a variety of human cancers. This study aimed to explore the significance of AEG-1 in glioma and investigate whether it correlated with radioresistance of glioma cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the intensity of AEG-1, CD133 and PPP6c protein expression in glioma tissues increased significantly, mainly in the cytoplasm. The expression rate of AEG-1, CD133 and PPP6c were 85.9% (67/78), 60.3% (47/78) and 65.8% (51/78), respectively. AEG-1 expression was correlated with age (r = 0.227, P = 0.045), clinical stage (r = 0.491, P<0.001) and clinical grade (r = 0.450, P<0.001). No correlation was found between AEG-1 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters (P>0.05). The expression of AEG-1 was positively correlated with the expression of CD133 (r = 0.240, P = 0.035) and PPP6c (r = 0.250, P = 0.027). In addition, retrieved data on TCGA implied co-occurrence of genomic alterations of AEG-1 and PPP6c in glioblastoma. Our findings indicate that AEG-1 is positively correlated with CD133 and AEG-1 expression. It may play an important role in the progression of glioma and may serve as potential novel marker of chemoresistance and radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ruxing Xi
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuwei Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xuanwei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This Opinion article discusses emerging evidence of direct contributions of nicotine to cancer onset and growth. The list of cancers reportedly connected to nicotine is expanding and presently includes small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinomas, as well as head and neck, gastric, pancreatic, gallbladder, liver, colon, breast, cervical, urinary bladder and kidney cancers. The mutagenic and tumour-promoting activities of nicotine may result from its ability to damage the genome, disrupt cellular metabolic processes, and facilitate growth and spreading of transformed cells. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are activated by nicotine, can activate several signalling pathways that can have tumorigenic effects, and these receptors might be able to be targeted for cancer therapy or prevention. There is also growing evidence that the unique genetic makeup of an individual, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding nAChR subunits, might influence the susceptibility of that individual to the pathobiological effects of nicotine. The emerging knowledge about the carcinogenic mechanisms of nicotine action should be considered during the evaluation of regulations on nicotine product manufacturing, distribution and marketing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Grando
- Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, and Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92782, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang C, Li C, Li J, Han J, Shang D, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yao Q, Han L, Xu Y, Yan W, Bao Z, You G, Jiang T, Kang C, Li X. Identification of miRNA-mediated core gene module for glioma patient prediction by integrating high-throughput miRNA, mRNA expression and pathway structure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96908. [PMID: 24809850 PMCID: PMC4014552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of glioma patients is usually poor, especially in patients with glioblastoma (World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV). The regulatory functions of microRNA (miRNA) on genes have important implications in glioma cell survival. However, there are not many studies that have investigated glioma survival by integrating miRNAs and genes while also considering pathway structure. In this study, we performed sample-matched miRNA and mRNA expression profilings to systematically analyze glioma patient survival. During this analytical process, we developed pathway-based random walk to identify a glioma core miRNA-gene module, simultaneously considering pathway structure information and multi-level involvement of miRNAs and genes. The core miRNA-gene module we identified was comprised of four apparent sub-modules; all four sub-modules displayed a significant correlation with patient survival in the testing set (P-values≤0.001). Notably, one sub-module that consisted of 6 miRNAs and 26 genes also correlated with survival time in the high-grade subgroup (WHO grade III and IV), P-value = 0.0062. Furthermore, the 26-gene expression signature from this sub-module had robust predictive power in four independent, publicly available glioma datasets. Our findings suggested that the expression signatures, which were identified by integration of miRNA and gene level, were closely associated with overall survival among the glioma patients with various grades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gan You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Donovan P, Cato K, Legaie R, Jayalath R, Olsson G, Hall B, Olson S, Boros S, Reynolds BA, Harding A. Hyperdiploid tumor cells increase phenotypic heterogeneity within Glioblastoma tumors. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:741-58. [PMID: 24448662 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the identification of a proliferative, viable, and hyperdiploid tumor cell subpopulation present within Glioblastoma (GB) patient tumors. Using xenograft tumor models, we demonstrate that hyperdiploid cell populations are maintained in xenograft tumors and that clonally expanded hyperdiploid cells support tumor formation and progression in vivo. In some patient tumorsphere lines, hyperdiploidy is maintained during long-term culture and in vivo within xenograft tumor models, suggesting that hyperdiploidy can be a stable cell state. In other patient lines hyperdiploid cells display genetic drift in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that in these patients hyperdiploidy is a transient cell state that generates novel phenotypes, potentially facilitating rapid tumor evolution. We show that the hyperdiploid cells are resistant to conventional therapy, in part due to infrequent cell division due to a delay in the G₀/G₁ phase of the cell cycle. Hyperdiploid tumor cells are significantly larger and more metabolically active than euploid cancer cells, and this correlates to an increased sensitivity to the effects of glycolysis inhibition. Together these data identify GB hyperdiploid tumor cells as a potentially important subpopulation of cells that are well positioned to contribute to tumor evolution and disease recurrence in adult brain cancer patients, and suggest tumor metabolism as a promising point of therapeutic intervention against this subpopulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Donovan
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, School of Life Sciences SV, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research ISREC, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yokohira M, Nakano Y, Hashimoto N, Yamakawa K, Ninomiya F, Kishi S, Saoo K, Imaida K. Toxicity of nicotine by repeated intratracheal instillation to f344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:257-63. [PMID: 23345928 PMCID: PMC3517921 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo, nicotine in cigarette smoke induces various effects not only on the respiratory system but also the central and peripheral nerve systems, circulatory organs and digestive organs, and there is a possibility of promotion of lung tumorigenesis. The present experiment was conducted to examine histopathological changes caused by nicotine in the lung with repeated intratracheal instillation (i.t.). Six-week-old male F344 rats were administered nicotine by i.t. at doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg nicotine/rat every 3 weeks beginning at week 4, for up to a total of 9 times and were then sacrificed at week 30. The total number of administrations, total dose of nicotine and effective number of rats were 9 times, 0.45 mg and 5 rats and 4 times, 0.20 mg and 5 rats for the 0.05 mg nicotine/rat group; 3 times, 0.30 mg and 5 rats and 4 times, 0.40 mg and 3 rats for the 0.1 mg group; and 3 times, 0.60 mg and 3 rats for the 0.2 mg group, respectively. As a control group, 5 rats were administered 0.2 ml saline/rat 9 times. Some rats administered 0.1 and 0.2 mg nicotine suffered convulsions just after administration. Histopathologically, though proliferative changes were not observed, neutrophil infiltration, edema and fibrosis in the lung were induced by nicotine. In conclusion, repeated treatment of nicotine promoted neurologic symptoms in the acute phase, and strong inflammation in the lungs in the chronic phase, even at a low dose. Toxicity of nicotine is suggested to depend not on total dose of nicotine in the experiment but rather on repeated injury with consecutive administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|