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Solár J, Pitoňáková T, Pogányová A. Changes in physicochemical parameters of the alpine/mountain stream influenced by summer flash flood in Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:655. [PMID: 38913150 PMCID: PMC11196348 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Changes to the physicochemical parameters of water in alpine/mountain streams can provide evidence of ongoing natural and anthropogenic processes in their catchment. In this study, we analysed a mountain stream (Javorinka) on the north-eastern side of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians), which is minimally influenced by human activity. The stream was monitored weekly for 5 years (2017-2021) and evaluated for its seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters. These seasonal variations were influenced by the large summer flash flood in July 2018. We hypothesise that floods are essential for the oligotrophic profile of alpine/mountain streams. To support this idea, our main objective was to compare the seasonal trends of the main physicochemical parameters in the stream before and after floods or periods of high flow. We found evidence to support our hypothesis. For example, there was a significant decrease in the chemical consumption of oxygen and ammonia, and, conversely, an increase in the ratio of saturated oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Stream bed erosion also resulted in increased phosphates (over the next 2 years) and high enrichment of the water by dissolved solids in the spring. Interestingly outside of the main objectives, we observed a significant decrease in sulphates, especially in the summer and autumn of 2020 and 2021, which may be related to suppressed emissions due to the restriction of the COVID-19 lockdown. The observed trends and their changes therefore support the idea that alpine/mountain streams are excellent indicators of ongoing environmental processes, and that occasional summer flash floods support the oligotrophic profile of the stream system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Solár
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Zilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, 059 56, Tatranska Javorina, Slovak Republic.
| | - Tatiana Pitoňáková
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Zilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, 059 56, Tatranska Javorina, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Pogányová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Zilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, 059 56, Tatranska Javorina, Slovak Republic
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Kong X, Lv N, Liu S, Xu H, Huang J, Xie X, Tao Q, Wang B, Ji R, Zhang Q, Jiang J. Phytoremediation of isoproturon-contaminated sites by transgenic soybean. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:342-353. [PMID: 36278914 PMCID: PMC9884020 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of isoproturon (IPU) can cause serious pollution to the environment and threaten ecological functions. In this study, the IPU bacterial N-demethylase gene pdmAB was transferred and expressed in the chloroplast of soybean (Glycine max L. 'Zhonghuang13'). The transgenic soybeans exhibited significant tolerance to IPU and demethylated IPU to a less phytotoxic metabolite 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea (MDIPU) in vivo. The transgenic soybeans removed 98% and 84% IPU from water and soil within 5 and 14 days, respectively, while accumulating less IPU in plant tissues compared with the wild-type (WT). Under IPU stress, transgenic soybeans showed a higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation performance (with higher total nodule biomass and nitrogenase activity) and a more stable rhizosphere bacterial community than the WT. This study developed a transgenic (TS) soybean capable of efficiently removing IPU from its growing environment and recovering a high-symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity under IPU stress, and provides new insights into the interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and TS legumes under herbicide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Kong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental MicrobiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjingChina
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental MicrobiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjingChina
| | - Songmeng Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental MicrobiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjingChina
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junwei Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agri‐food Safety of Anhui ProvinceAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | | | - Qing Tao
- Beijing DaBeiNong Technology Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Baozhan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental MicrobiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjingChina
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental MicrobiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjingChina
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Sabio Y García CA, Vera MS, Vinocur A, Graziano M, Miranda C, Pizarro HN. Rethinking the term "glyphosate effect" through the evaluation of different glyphosate-based herbicide effects over aquatic microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118382. [PMID: 34666097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) -the most widely used herbicides in agriculture worldwide-are frequently generalized by the name of "glyphosate". However, GBH encompass a variety of glyphosate salts as active ingredient and different adjuvants, which differ between products. These herbicides reach water bodies and produce diverse impacts over aquatic communities. Yet, the risk assessment assays required for the approval focus mostly on active ingredients. Herein, we compared the effect of five different GBH as well as of monoisopropylamine salt of glyphosate (GIPA) on aquatic microbial communities from natural shallow lakes that were mixed and allowed to evolve in an outdoor pond. We performed an 8-day long assay under indoor control conditions to evaluate the effects of exposure on the structure of nano-plus microphytoplankton (net phytoplankton, with sizes between 2 and 20 μm and >20 μm, respectively) and picoplankton (size ranging between 0.2 and 2 μm) communities through microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Significantly different effects were evident on the structure of microbial communities dependent on the GBH, even with herbicides sharing similar active ingredients. Each GBH evoked increases of different magnitude in bacterioplankton abundance. Furthermore, GIPA and a formulation decreased the abundance of a phycocyanin-rich (PC-rich) picocyanobacteria (Pcy) cytometric population and GIPA further altered Pcy composition. Also, two GBH increased net phytoplankton total abundance and, unlike the tested GBH, no apparent effect of GIPA was detected on this community structure. These results demonstrate that GBH effects on aquatic microbial communities should not be summarized as "glyphosate" effects considering that the formulations have effects beyond those exerted by the active ingredients alone. This work intends to alert on the lack of real knowledge regarding the consequences of the variety of GBH on natural aquatic ecosystems. Indeed, the wide use of the term "glyphosate effect" should be thoroughly rethought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alejandra Sabio Y García
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Solange Vera
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Vinocur
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Graziano
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Miranda
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydée Norma Pizarro
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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