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Smullen M, Olson MN, Murray LF, Suresh M, Yan G, Dawes P, Barton NJ, Mason JN, Zhang Y, Fernandez-Fontaine AA, Church GM, Mastroeni D, Wang Q, Lim ET, Chan Y, Readhead B. Modeling of mitochondrial genetic polymorphisms reveals induction of heteroplasmy by pleiotropic disease locus 10398A>G. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10405. [PMID: 37369829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (MT) dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). While MT-copy number differences have been implicated in AD, the effect of MT heteroplasmy on AD has not been well characterized. Here, we analyzed over 1800 whole genome sequencing data from four AD cohorts in seven different tissue types to determine the extent of MT heteroplasmy present. While MT heteroplasmy was present throughout the entire MT genome for blood samples, we detected MT heteroplasmy only within the MT control region for brain samples. We observed that an MT variant 10398A>G (rs2853826) was significantly associated with overall MT heteroplasmy in brain tissue while also being linked with the largest number of distinct disease phenotypes of all annotated MT variants in MitoMap. Using gene-expression data from our brain samples, our modeling discovered several gene networks involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain and Complex I function associated with 10398A>G. The variant was also found to be an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for the gene MT-ND3. We further characterized the effect of 10398A>G by phenotyping a population of lymphoblastoid cell-lines (LCLs) with and without the variant allele. Examination of RNA sequence data from these LCLs reveal that 10398A>G was an eQTL for MT-ND4. We also observed in LCLs that 10398A>G was significantly associated with overall MT heteroplasmy within the MT control region, confirming the initial findings observed in post-mortem brain tissue. These results provide novel evidence linking MT SNPs with MT heteroplasmy and open novel avenues for the investigation of pathomechanisms that are driven by this pleiotropic disease associated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Smullen
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Meagan N Olson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Liam F Murray
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Madhusoodhanan Suresh
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Guang Yan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Barton
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jivanna N Mason
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Aria A Fernandez-Fontaine
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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Czegle I, Huang C, Soria PG, Purkiss DW, Shields A, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:996. [PMID: 37109525 PMCID: PMC10145875 DOI: 10.3390/life13040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Priscilla Geraldine Soria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Dylan Wesley Purkiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Andrea Shields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Jayasekera LP, Ranasinghe R, Senathilake KS, Kotelawala JT, de Silva K, Abeygunasekara PH, Goonesinghe R, Tennekoon KH. Mitochondrial genome in sporadic breast cancer: A case control study and a proteomic analysis in a Sinhalese cohort from Sri Lanka. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281620. [PMID: 36758048 PMCID: PMC9910733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in women and the majority occurs sporadically with no hereditary predisposition. However, sporadic breast cancer has been studied less intensively than the hereditary form and to date hardly any predictive biomarkers exist for the former. Furthermore, although mitochondrial DNA variants have been reported to be associated with breast cancer, findings have been inconsistent across populations. Thus we carried out a case control study on sporadic breast cancer patients and healthy controls of Sinhalese ethnicity (N = 60 matched pairs) in order to characterize coding region variants associated with the disease and to identify any potential biomarkers. Mitochondrial genome was fully sequenced in 30 pairs and selected regions were sequenced in the remaining 30 pairs. Several in-silico tools were used to assess functional significance of the variants observed. A number of variants were identified among the patients and the controls. Missense variants identified were either polymorphisms or rare variants. Their prevalence did not significantly differ between patients and the healthy controls (matched for age, body mass index and menopausal status). MT-CYB, MT-ATP6 and MT-ND2 genes showed a higher mutation rate. A higher proportion of pre-menopausal patients carried missense and pathogenic variants. Unique combinations of missense variants were seen within genes and these occurred mostly in MT-ATP6 and MT-CYB genes. Such unique combinations that occurred exclusively among the patients were common in obese patients. Mitochondrial DNA variants may have a role in breast carcinogenesis in obesity and pre-menopause. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested the mutants, G78S in MT-CO3 gene and T146A in MT-ATP6 gene are likely to be more stable than their wild type counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshika P. Jayasekera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwandi Ranasinghe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanishka S. Senathilake
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Joanne T. Kotelawala
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Kamani H. Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Al-Kafaji G, Alwehaidah MS, Alsabbagh MM, Alharbi MA, Bakhiet M. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup analysis in Saudi Arab patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279237. [PMID: 36534684 PMCID: PMC9762579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex neurodegenerative immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Since mtDNA is maternally inherited without recombination, specific mtDNA variants defining genetic background are associated with the susceptibility to human diseases. To assess the contribution of mtDNA haplogroups to the predisposition of MS in an Arab population, we analysed sequencing data of mitochondrial genomes from 47 native Saudi Arab individuals including 23 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 24 healthy controls. All patients and controls could be classified into ten haplogroups. The European-specific haplogroup U was more prevalent in patients than in the controls (26.1% vs. 4.2%), whereas haplogroup T was only present in patients and haplogroups HV and N were only found in controls. Haplogroup U was significantly association with increased risk of MS (odds ratio = 6.26, p<0.05), although the association did not maintain significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Haplotype U was more prevalent in patients with younger age of onset (p = 0.006), but there was no relationship between haplotype U and disease severity, disease duration or EDSS and age-matched carriers and non-carriers of haplogroup U (p>0.05). Definition site of haplogroup U include the variant m.12308A>G in MT-TL2 gene which was found to affect highly conserved position within the variable arm of tRNALeu(CUN) and thus may impact mitochondrial protein synthesis, and two other variants namely m.11467A>G in MT-ND4 gene and m.12372G>A in MT-ND5 gene which were previously linked with mitochondrial function. Despite the small number of subjects, which may limit the statistical power of the study, our results showed for the first time a possible contribution of haplogroup U to the predisposition to MS in an Arab population. These findings warrant further validation in a large cohort to distinguish a genuine effect specific to MS from a chance finding due to small sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- * E-mail:
| | - Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Manahel Mahmood Alsabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Maram A. Alharbi
- College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moiz Bakhiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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5
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Mitochondrial Control Region Variants Related to Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111962. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has an important incidence in the worldwide female population. Although alterations in the mitochondrial genome probably play an important role in carcinogenesis, the actual evidence is ambiguous and inconclusive. Our purpose was to explore differences in mitochondrial sequences of cases with breast cancer compared with control samples from different origins. We identified 124 mtDNA sequences associated with breast cancer cases, of which 86 were complete and 38 were partial sequences. Of these 86 complete sequences, 52 belonged to patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, and 34 sequences were obtained from healthy mammary tissue of the same patients used as controls. From the mtDNA analysis, two polymorphisms with significant statistical differences were found: m.310del (rs869289246) in 34.6% (27/78) of breast cancer cases and 61.7% (21/34) in the controls; and m.315dup (rs369786048) in 60.2% (47/78) of breast cancer cases and 38.2% (13/34) in the controls. In addition, the variant m.16519T>C (rs3937033) was found in 59% of the control sequences and 52% of the breast cancer sequences with a significant statistical difference. Polymorphic changes are evolutionarily related to the haplogroup H of Indo-European and Euro-Asiatic origins; however, they were found in all non-European breast cancers.
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Young MJ, Sachidanandam R, Hales DB, Brard L, Robinson K, Rahman MM, Khadka P, Groesch K, Young CKJ. Identification of Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations, Heteroplasmy, and Increased Levels of Catenanes in Tumor Specimens Obtained from Three Endometrial Cancer Patients. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040562. [PMID: 35455053 PMCID: PMC9030153 DOI: 10.3390/life12040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common type of gynecologic malignant epithelial tumor, with the death rate from this disease doubling over the past 20 years. Mitochondria provide cancer cells with necessary anabolic building blocks such as amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides, and EC samples have been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis. In cancer, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy studies suggest that heteroplasmic variants encode predicted pathogenic proteins. We investigated the mtDNA genotypes within peri-normal and tumor specimens obtained from three individuals diagnosed with EC. DNA extracts from peri-normal and tumor tissues were used for mtDNA-specific next-generation sequencing and analyses of mtDNA content and topoisomers. The three tumors harbor heteroplasmic somatic mutations, and at least one mutation in each carcinoma is predicted to deleteriously alter a mtDNA-encoded protein. Somatic heteroplasmy linked to two mtDNA tRNA genes was found in separate tumors, and two heteroplasmic non-coding variants were identified in a single EC tumor. While two tumors had altered mtDNA content, all three displayed increased mtDNA catenanes. Our findings support that EC cells require wild-type mtDNA, but heteroplasmic mutations may alter mitochondrial metabolism to help promote cancer cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Young
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.B.H.); (M.M.R.); (P.K.); (C.K.J.Y.)
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA; (L.B.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-618-453-6437
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Dale B. Hales
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.B.H.); (M.M.R.); (P.K.); (C.K.J.Y.)
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA; (L.B.); (K.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Laurent Brard
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA; (L.B.); (K.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Kathy Robinson
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA; (L.B.); (K.R.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Md. Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.B.H.); (M.M.R.); (P.K.); (C.K.J.Y.)
| | - Pabitra Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.B.H.); (M.M.R.); (P.K.); (C.K.J.Y.)
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Carolyn K. J. Young
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (D.B.H.); (M.M.R.); (P.K.); (C.K.J.Y.)
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7
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Mohd Khair SZN, Abd Radzak SM, Mohamed Yusoff AA. The Uprising of Mitochondrial DNA Biomarker in Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7675269. [PMID: 34326906 PMCID: PMC8302403 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7675269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases, the progression of which demands an accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations of the human nuclear genome or possibly in the mitochondrial genome as well. Despite modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to battle cancer, there are still serious concerns about the increase in death from cancer globally. Recently, a growing number of researchers have extensively focused on the burgeoning area of biomarkers development research, especially in noninvasive early cancer detection. Intergenomic cross talk has triggered researchers to expand their studies from nuclear genome-based cancer researches, shifting into the mitochondria-mediated associations with carcinogenesis. Thus, it leads to the discoveries of established and potential mitochondrial biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity. The research field of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) biomarkers has the great potential to confer vast benefits for cancer therapeutics and patients in the future. This review seeks to summarize the comprehensive insights of nuclear genome cancer biomarkers and their usage in clinical practices, the intergenomic cross talk researches that linked mitochondrial dysfunction to carcinogenesis, and the current progress of mitochondrial cancer biomarker studies and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zulaikha Nashwa Mohd Khair
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muslihah Abd Radzak
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Yu XJ, Ding Y. The roles of mitochondrial tRNA mutations in non-dystrophic myotonias. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:3796-3801. [PMID: 33367105 PMCID: PMC7682739 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1839364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
According a recent report by Heidari et al., a mutational screening for candidate pathogenic mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) mutations were performed in 45 Iranian patients with non-dystrophic myotonia (NDM) and 70 control subjects. Through PCR amplification and direct sequence analysis, nine mt-tRNA mutations were identified: tRNAMet T4454C, tRNATrp A5568G, tRNACys T5794C, tRNAArg A10438T and T10462C, tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G, tRNAThr A15907G, A15924G and G15928A. However, through the database searches and phylogenetic conservation analysis, we noticed that the tRNAThr A15924G, G15928A and tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G mutations should be classified 'pathogenic'. Thus, the roles of mt-tRNA mutations in clinical expression of NDM needed to be further experimentally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Silverstein AR, Flores MK, Miller B, Kim SJ, Yen K, Mehta HH, Cohen P. Mito-Omics and immune function: Applying novel mitochondrial omic techniques to the context of the aging immune system. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020; 4:132-140. [PMID: 32844137 PMCID: PMC7441040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic techniques have prompted fresh inquiry in the field of aging. Here, we outline the application of these techniques in the context of the mitochondrial genome and suggest their potential for use in exploring the biological mechanisms of the aging immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Silverstein
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melanie K Flores
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Kozin MS, Kulakova OG, Kiselev IS, Boyko AN, Favorova OO. Variability of the Mitochondrial Genome and Development of the Primary Progressing form of Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Tiphania Kotelawala J, Ranasinghe R, Rodrigo C, Tennekoon KH, Silva KD. Evaluation of non-coding region sequence variants and mitochondrial haplogroups as potential biomarkers of sporadic breast cancer in individuals of Sri Lankan Sinhalese ethnicity. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:339-347. [PMID: 32346478 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been reported to be associated with various diseases, including cancer. The present study investigated the mtDNA non-coding region mutations and mitochondrial haplogroups as potential biomarkers of sporadic breast cancer in Sri Lankan Sinhalese women. Mitochondrial macro-haplogroups were determined using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, whereas non-coding region sequences were determined using Sanger sequencing. The sequence of the non-coding region was also used to confirm haplogroup status. Neither the mutations in the non-coding region nor the mitochondrial haplogroups that were reported as risk factors in other populations, were determined to be potential risk factors for sporadic breast cancer in the present study. Furthermore, several novel mutations were identified in the present matched pairs case-controlled study. The M65a haplogroup with an additional mutation at position 16311 (P=0.0771) and mutations at the ori-b site (P=0.05) were considered a weak risk factor and protective factor, respectively, for sporadic breast cancer in Sinhalese women. Previous studies have indicated the use of mtDNA mutations as a biomarker; however, the present study showed that such biomarkers need to be validated for individual ethnic groups before they can be recommended for use in the prediction of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Tiphania Kotelawala
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwandi Ranasinghe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Chrishani Rodrigo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanishka De Silva
- National Cancer Institute, Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama 10280, Sri Lanka
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Jahani MM, Azimi Meibody A, Karimi T, Banoei MM, Houshmand M. An A10398G mitochondrial DNA alteration is related to increased risk of breast cancer, and associates with Her2 positive receptor. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 31:11-16. [PMID: 31797714 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1695788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide after lung cancer. Mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of cellular function, metabolism, and cell death in cancer cells. We aim to examine the mitochondrial polymorphisms of complex I in association with breast cancer in an Iranian cohort.This experimental study includes 53 patients with breast cancer and 35 healthy control patients. In addition, tumor-adjacent normal breast tissue was obtained from each patient. The DNA of the tissue cells was extracted and analyzed for complex I mutations using a PCR sequencing method. Our results show 94 mtDNA complex I variants in tumor tissues. A10398G was the most prevalent polymorphism and strongly correlated with Her2 receptor in tumor tissue samples. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been widely linked to the etiology of numerous disorders. The mtDNA mutations screening on A10398G along with other mutations might provide insight on the role of mitochondrial mutations in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Jahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azita Azimi Meibody
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Talie Karimi
- Department of Medical Genetic, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Banoei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetic, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Li Y, Giorgi EE, Beckman KB, Caberto C, Kazma R, Lum-Jones A, Haiman CA, Marchand LL, Stram DO, Saxena R, Cheng I. Association between mitochondrial genetic variation and breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222284. [PMID: 31577800 PMCID: PMC6774509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial genome encodes for thirty-seven proteins, among them thirteen are essential for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Inherited variation in mitochondrial genes may influence cancer development through changes in mitochondrial proteins, altering the OXPHOS process and promoting the production of reactive oxidative species. Methods To investigate the association between mitochondrial genetic variation and breast cancer risk, we tested 314 mitochondrial SNPs (mtSNPs), capturing four complexes of the mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway and mtSNP groupings for rRNA and tRNA, in 2,723 breast cancer cases and 3,260 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Results We examined the collective set of 314 mtSNPs as well as subsets of mtSNPs grouped by mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway, complexes, and genes, using the sequence kernel association test and adjusting for age, sex, and principal components of global ancestry. We also tested haplogroup associations using unconditional logistic regression and adjusting for the same covariates. Stratified analyses were conducted by self-reported maternal race/ethnicity. No significant mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway, gene, and haplogroup associations were observed in African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, and Native Hawaiians. In European Americans, a global test of all genetic variants of the mitochondrial genome identified an association with breast cancer risk (P = 0.017, q = 0.102). In mtSNP-subset analysis, the gene MT-CO2 (P = 0.001, q = 0.09) in Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) and MT-ND2 (P = 0.004, q = 0.19) in Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusions In summary, our findings suggest that collective mitochondrial genetic variation and particularly in the MT-CO2 and MT-ND2 may play a role in breast cancer risk among European Americans. Further replication is warranted in larger populations and future studies should evaluate the contribution of mitochondrial proteins encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elena E. Giorgi
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Kenneth B. Beckman
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christian Caberto
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Remi Kazma
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Lum-Jones
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jiménez-Morales S, Pérez-Amado CJ, Langley E, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Overview of mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in human disease: Focus on breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:923-936. [PMID: 30015870 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High lactate production in cells during growth under oxygen-rich conditions (aerobic glycolysis) is a hallmark of tumor cells, indicating the role of mitochondrial function in tumorigenesis. In fact, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired quality control are frequently observed in cancer cells. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 13 subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), is present in thousands of copies per cell, and has a very high mutation rate. Mutations in mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes encoding proteins that are important players in mitochondrial biogenesis and function are involved in oncogenic processes. A wide range of germline mtDNA polymorphisms, as well as tumor mtDNA somatic mutations have been identified in diverse cancer types. Approximately 72% of supposed tumor-specific somatic mtDNA mutations reported, have also been found as polymorphisms in the general population. The ATPase 6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit genes of mtDNA are the most commonly mutated genes in breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, nuclear genes playing a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1), fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are frequently mutated in cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in cancer, with particular focus on those found in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos J Pérez-Amado
- Biochemistry Sciences Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Department of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
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Choudhury AR, Singh KK. Mitochondrial determinants of cancer health disparities. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:125-146. [PMID: 28487205 PMCID: PMC5673596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, which are multi-functional, have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Mitochondria are involved in the generation of energy, cell growth and differentiation, cellular signaling, cell cycle control, and cell death. To date, the mitochondrial basis of cancer disparities is unknown. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding and a framework of mitochondrial determinants that may contribute to cancer disparities in racially different populations. Due to maternal inheritance and ethnic-based diversity, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to inherited racial disparities. In people of African ancestry, several germline, population-specific haplotype variants in mtDNA as well as depletion of mtDNA have been linked to cancer predisposition and cancer disparities. Indeed, depletion of mtDNA and mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote resistance to apoptosis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic disease, all of which can contribute to cancer disparity and tumor aggressiveness related to racial disparities. Ethnic differences at the level of expression or genetic variations in nDNA encoding the mitochondrial proteome, including mitochondria-localized mtDNA replication and repair proteins, miRNA, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases, and tumor suppressors and oncogenes may underlie susceptibility to high-risk and aggressive cancers found in African population and other ethnicities. The mitochondrial retrograde signaling that alters the expression profile of nuclear genes in response to dysfunctional mitochondria is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. In ethnic populations, differences in mitochondrial function may alter the cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus at epigenetic and genetic levels, which can also contribute to cancer health disparities. Targeting mitochondrial determinants and mitochondrial retrograde signaling could provide a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy for dealing with cancer disparities. Further, agents that restore mitochondrial function to optimal levels should permit sensitivity to anticancer agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors that occur in racially diverse populations and hence help in reducing racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Hertweck KL, Dasgupta S. The Landscape of mtDNA Modifications in Cancer: A Tale of Two Cities. Front Oncol 2017; 7:262. [PMID: 29164061 PMCID: PMC5673620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria from normal and cancerous cells represent a tale of two cities, wherein both execute similar processes but with different cellular and molecular effects. Given the number of reviews currently available which describe the functional implications of mitochondrial mutations in cancer, this article focuses on documenting current knowledge in the abundance and distribution of somatic mitochondrial mutations, followed by elucidation of processes which affect the fate of mutations in cancer cells. The conclusion includes an overview of translational implications for mtDNA mutations, as well as recommendations for future research uniting mitochondrial variants and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Hertweck
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
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HEIDARI MM, DERAKHSHANI M, SEDIGHI F, FORUZAN-NIA SK. Mutation Analysis of the Mitochondrial tRNA Genes in Iranian Coronary Atherosclerosis Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:1379-1385. [PMID: 29308382 PMCID: PMC5750350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a disease that affects large and medium size arteries in the body that underlies coronary heart disease. Several nucleotide changes in mitochondrial tRNA genes have been reported in various diseases. The purpose of the study was to identify hotspot mitochondrial tRNA mutations in atherosclerotic patients. METHODS In this case-control study, the variations of ten mitochondrial tRNA genes (about 50%) were investigated in 70 patients from October 2013 and June 2015 suffered from atherosclerosis. The related mitochondrial area was amplified using PCR methid. The mutation analysis was performed by Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). All the positive samples were sequenced. RESULTS We found one novel heteroplasmic mutation (m.5725T>G) and three reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously in other diseases including m.5568A>G, m.5711A>G and m.12308A>G. CONCLUSION These tRNA mutations can alter their steady state level and affect the structure of tRNA. The role of mitochondrial tRNA mutations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis could potentially be important for the understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in coronary atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi HEIDARI
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | | | - Fatemeh SEDIGHI
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Khalil FORUZAN-NIA
- Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K as a contributor to protection against thyroid cancer in a population from southeast Europe. Mitochondrion 2017; 39:43-50. [PMID: 28851673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the contribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups of the mtDNA control region to thyroid cancer risk in a population from southeastern Europe consisting of 235 thyroid tumor patients, including 114 patients with thyroid follicular adenoma, 121 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 419 healthy controls. Binary logistic regression with adjustment for age and gender revealed that mtDNA haplogroup K was significantly associated with a protective role for thyroid cancer in the combined tumor group versus controls. These results indicate a potential role for mtDNA haplogroups as important candidate susceptibility markers for the patients with thyroid nodules.
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Selected mitochondrial DNA landscapes activate the SIRT3 axis of the UPR mt to promote metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4393-4404. [PMID: 28368421 PMCID: PMC5542861 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
By causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to perturbations in mitochondrial proteostasis. Several studies have linked mtDNA mutations to metastasis of cancer cells but the nature of the mtDNA species involved remains unclear. Our data suggests that no common mtDNA mutation identifies metastatic cells; rather the metastatic potential of several ROS-generating mutations is largely determined by their mtDNA genomic landscapes, which can act either as an enhancer or repressor of metastasis. However, mtDNA landscapes of all metastatic cells are characterized by activation of the SIRT/FOXO/SOD2 axis of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt promotes a complex transcription program ultimately increasing mitochondrial integrity and fitness in response to oxidative proteotoxic stress. Using SOD2 as a surrogate marker of the UPRmt, we found that in primary breast cancers, SOD2 is significantly increased in metastatic lesions. We propose that the ability of selected mtDNA species to activate the UPRmt is a process that is exploited by cancer cells to maintain mitochondrial fitness and facilitate metastasis.
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Arnold RS, Fedewa SA, Goodman M, Osunkoya AO, Kissick HT, Morrissey C, True LD, Petros JA. Bone metastasis in prostate cancer: Recurring mitochondrial DNA mutation reveals selective pressure exerted by the bone microenvironment. Bone 2015; 78:81-6. [PMID: 25952970 PMCID: PMC4466124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer progression and metastasis occur such that cells with acquired mutations enhancing growth and survival (or inhibiting cell death) increase in number, a concept that has been recognized as analogous to Darwinian evolution of species since Peter C. Nowell's description in 1976. Selective forces include those intrinsic to the host (including metastatic site) as well as those resulting from anti-cancer therapies. By examining the mutational status of multiple tumor sites within an individual patient some insight may be gained into those genetic variants that enhance site-specific metastasis. By comparing these data across multiple individuals, recurrent patterns may identify alterations that are fundamental to successful site-specific metastasis. METHODS We sequenced the mitochondrial genome in 10 prostate cancer patients with bone metastases enrolled in a rapid autopsy program. Patients had late stage disease and received androgen ablation and frequently other systemic therapies. For each of 9 patients, 4 separate tissues were sequenced: the primary prostate cancer, a soft tissue metastasis, a bone metastasis and an uninvolved normal tissue that served as the non-cancerous control. An additional (10th) patient had no primary prostate available for sequencing but had both metastatic sites (and control DNA) sequenced. We then examined the number and location of somatically acquired mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the primary tumor and two metastatic sites in each individual patient. Finally, we compared patients with each other to determine any common patterns of somatic mutation. RESULTS Somatic mutations were significantly more numerous in the bone compared to either the primary tumor or soft tissue metastases. A missense mutation at nucleotide position (n.p.) 10398 (A10398G; Thr114Ala) in the respiratory complex I gene ND3 was the most common (7 of 10 patients) and was detected only in the bone. Other notable somatic mutations that occurred in more than one patient include a tRNA Arg mutation at n.p. 10436 and a tRNA Thr mutation at n.p. 15928. The tRNA Arg mutation was restricted to bone metastases and occurred in three of 10 patients (30%). Somatic mutation at 15928 was not restricted to the bone and also occurred in three patients. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial genomic variation was greater in metastatic sites than in the primary tumor and bone metastases had statistically significantly greater numbers of somatic mutations than either the primary or the soft tissue metastases. The genome was not mutated randomly. At least one mutational "hot-spot" was identified at the individual base level (nucleotide position 10398 in bone metastases) indicating a pervasive selective pressure for bone metastatic cells that had acquired the 10398 mtDNA mutation. Two additional recurrent mutations (tRNA Arg and tRNA Thr) support the concept of bone site-specific "survival of the fittest" as revealed by variation in the mitochondrial genome and selective pressure exerted by the metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Arnold
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Emory University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John A Petros
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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UZAWA KATSUHIRO, KASAMATSU ATSUSHI, BABA TAKAO, KIMURA YASUSHI, NAKASHIMA DAI, HIGO MORIHIRO, SAKAMOTO YOSUKE, OGAWARA KATSUNORI, SHIIBA MASASHI, TANZAWA HIDEKI. Quantitative detection of circulating tumor-derived mitochondrial NADH subunit variants as a potential prognostic biomarker for oral cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1077-83. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Singh RK, Srivastava A, Kalaiarasan P, Manvati S, Chopra R, Bamezai RNK. mtDNA germ line variation mediated ROS generates retrograde signaling and induces pro-cancerous metabolic features. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6571. [PMID: 25300428 PMCID: PMC4192639 DOI: 10.1038/srep06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA non-synonymous germ line variation (G10398A; p.A114T) has remained equivocal with least mechanistic understanding in showing an association with cancer. This has necessitated showing in-vitro how an over-expression within mitochondria of either of the variants produces higher intracellular ROS, resulting in differential anchorage dependent and independent growth. Both these features were observed to be relatively higher in ND3:114T variant. An elevated amount of intracellular carbonylated proteins and a reduced activity of a key glycolytic enzyme, Pyruvate kinase M2, along with high glucose uptake and lactate production were other pro-cancerous features observed. The retrograde signaling through surplus ROS was generated by post-ND3 over-expression regulated nuclear gene expression epigenetically, involving selectively the apoptotic-DDR-pathways. The feature of ND3 over-expression, inducing ROS mediated pro-cancerous features in the cells in in vitro, was replicated in a pilot study in a limited number of sporadic breast tumors, suggesting the importance of mitochondrial germ-line variant(s) in enabling the cells to acquire pro-cancerous features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar Singh
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Archita Srivastava
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ponnusamy Kalaiarasan
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakriyal, Katra, Jammu &Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Siddharth Manvati
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakriyal, Katra, Jammu &Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Rupali Chopra
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rameshwar N K Bamezai
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Salas A, García-Magariños M, Logan I, Bandelt HJ. The saga of the many studies wrongly associating mitochondrial DNA with breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:659. [PMID: 25199876 PMCID: PMC4180149 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large body of genetic research has focused on the potential role that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants might play on the predisposition to common and complex (multi-factorial) diseases. It has been argued however that many of these studies could be inconclusive due to artifacts related to genotyping errors or inadequate design. Methods Analyses of the data published in case–control breast cancer association studies have been performed using a phylogenetic-based approach. Variation observed in these studies has been interpreted in the light of data available on public resources, which now include over >27,000 complete mitochondrial sequences and the worldwide phylogeny determined by these mitogenomes. Complementary analyses were carried out using public datasets of partial mtDNA sequences, mainly corresponding to control-region segments. Results By way of example, we show here another kind of fallacy in these medical studies, namely, the phenomenon of SNP-SNP interaction wrongly applied to haploid data in a breast cancer study. We also reassessed the mutually conflicting studies suggesting some functional role of the non-synonymous polymorphism m.10398A > G (ND3 subunit of mitochondrial complex I) in breast cancer. In some studies, control groups were employed that showed an extremely odd haplogroup frequency spectrum compared to comparable information from much larger databases. Moreover, the use of inappropriate statistics signaled spurious “significance” in several instances. Conclusions Every case–control study should come under scrutiny in regard to the plausibility of the control-group data presented and appropriateness of the statistical methods employed; and this is best done before potential publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain.
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Bayesian Network and Mechanistic Hierarchical Structure Modeling of Increased likelihood of Developing Intractable Childhood Epilepsy from the Combined Effect of mtDNA Variants, Oxidative Damage, and Copy Number. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:752-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Weigl S, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. Mitochondria and familial predisposition to breast cancer. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:195-203. [PMID: 24179442 PMCID: PMC3664469 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome and functional alterations are related to various diseases including cancer. In all cases, the role of these organelles is associated with defects in oxidative energy metabolism and control of tumor-induced oxidative stress. The present study examines the involvement of mitochondrial DNA in cancer and in particular in breast cancer. Furthermore, since mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, hereditary breast cancer has been focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Weigl
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari-Italy
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Mitochondrial DNA mutations and breast tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:336-44. [PMID: 24140413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and genetic factors play an important role in its genesis. Although mutations in tumor suppressors and oncogenes encoded by the nuclear genome are known to play a critical role in breast tumorigenesis, the contribution of the mitochondrial genome to this process is unclear. Like the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial genome also encodes proteins critical for mitochondrion functions such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which is known to be defective in cancer including breast cancer. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more susceptible to mutations due to limited repair mechanisms compared to nuclear DNA (nDNA). Thus changes in mitochondrial genes could also contribute to the development of breast cancer. In this review we discuss mtDNA mutations that affect OXPHOS. Continuous acquisition of mtDNA mutations and selection of advantageous mutations ultimately leads to generation of cells that propagate uncontrollably to form tumors. Since irreversible damage to OXPHOS leads to a shift in energy metabolism towards enhanced aerobic glycolysis in most cancers, mutations in mtDNA represent an early event during breast tumorigenesis, and thus may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of breast cancer. Because mtDNA mutations lead to defective OXPHOS, development of agents that target OXPHOS will provide specificity for preventative and therapeutic agents against breast cancer with minimal toxicity.
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Pardo-Seco J, Amigo J, González-Manteiga W, Salas A. A generalized model to estimate the statistical power in mitochondrial disease studies involving 2×k tables. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73567. [PMID: 24086285 PMCID: PMC3785462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation (i.e. haplogroups) has been analyzed in regards to a number of multifactorial diseases. The statistical power of a case-control study determines the a priori probability to reject the null hypothesis of homogeneity between cases and controls. Methods/Principal Findings We critically review previous approaches to the estimation of the statistical power based on the restricted scenario where the number of cases equals the number of controls, and propose a methodology that broadens procedures to more general situations. We developed statistical procedures that consider different disease scenarios, variable sample sizes in cases and controls, and variable number of haplogroups and effect sizes. The results indicate that the statistical power of a particular study can improve substantially by increasing the number of controls with respect to cases. In the opposite direction, the power decreases substantially when testing a growing number of haplogroups. We developed mitPower (http://bioinformatics.cesga.es/mitpower/), a web-based interface that implements the new statistical procedures and allows for the computation of the a priori statistical power in variable scenarios of case-control study designs, or e.g. the number of controls needed to reach fixed effect sizes. Conclusions/Significance The present study provides with statistical procedures for the computation of statistical power in common as well as complex case-control study designs involving 2×k tables, with special application (but not exclusive) to mtDNA studies. In order to reach a wide range of researchers, we also provide a friendly web-based tool – mitPower – that can be used in both retrospective and prospective case-control disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jorge Amigo
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Wenceslao González-Manteiga
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Francis A, Pooja S, Rajender S, Govindaraj P, Tipirisetti NR, Surekha D, Rao DR, Rao L, Ramachandra L, Vishnupriya S, Ramalingam K, Satyamoorthy K, Thangaraj K. A mitochondrial DNA variant 10398G>A in breast cancer among South Indians: an original study with meta-analysis. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:559-65. [PMID: 23993954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The m.10398G>A polymorphism in the MT-ND3 gene has been linked to the manifestation of several neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Several research groups have analyzed the association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer; however, the results do not follow a consensus. We have studied this polymorphism in three Dravidian populations from South India. Analysis on 716 cases and 724 controls found no association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer [OR = 0.916 (0.743-1.128); P = 0.409]. Menopausal stratification also revealed no significant association in either pre-menopausal or post-menopausal breast cancer groups. In addition, we undertook a meta-analysis on 16 study groups, comprising a total of 7202 cases and 7490 controls. The pooled odds ratio suggested no significant association of m.10398G>A substitution with breast cancer [OR = 1.016 (0.85-1.22); P = 0.86]. In conclusion, there is no evidence of association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer risk among South Indian women. Meta-analysis suggested no overall correlation between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk.
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Mao Q, Gao L, Liu Q, Zou Y, Yang X, Wang H, Wang Q, Yu H. The A10389G polymorphism of ND3 gene and breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:259-264. [PMID: 24648932 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the association between A10389G polymorphism of the dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) gene and breast cancer risk with conflicting results. To explore this association, we conducted a meta-analysis on 5,580 patients and 5,749 controls from eligible published studies. Six reports (11 study populations) were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the individuals with the G allele, individuals carrying the A allele did not exhibit increased breast cancer risk. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 1.02 and 0.79-1.31, respectively. Stratified analyses were carried out according to ethnicity and source of controls. The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) were 1.20 (0.90-1.86) for African-American, 0.47 (0.03-7.64) for European and 0.89 (0.70-1.14) for mixed populations, respectively. A single study on Asian populations yielded an OR (95% CI) of 0.56 (0.32-1.00). The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) were 1.12 (0.23-5.47) for hospital-based studies, and 0.98 (0.76-1.27) for population-based studies. Only one study did not mention the source of control, the OR (95% CI) of which was 1.80 (1.15-2.82). Results of the present study suggested that the ND3 gene A10389G polymorphism may not be an independent risk factor for breast cancer. However, additional studies should be performed to clarify the possible roles of the ND3 A10398G polymorphism in the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxia Mao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing
| | - Linggen Gao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing
| | - Qing Liu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing
| | - Yan Zou
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing
| | - Xvhui Yang
- Hangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Safety Engineering, China Institute of Industrial Relations, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing
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Grzybowska-Szatkowska L, Slaska B. Polymorphisms in genes encoding mt-tRNA in female breast cancer in Poland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:106-11. [PMID: 22397379 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.660925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there have been indications of participation of mitochondria in the carcinogenic process and the role of polymorphisms in increasing the risk of cancer. The aim of the study was to detect possible changes in the sequence of 22 genes encoding mitochondrial tRNA in breast cancer carcinoma, which take part in protein synthesis in the translation process. The analysis of tumour tissue and blood material sampled from 50 patients revealed that few mutations have been found. It cannot be excluded that, through their impact on the secondary and tertiary tRNA structure, polymorphisms may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and contribute to appearance of other changes in mtDNA. Mutations in tRNA genes in breast cancer may affect the cell and cause its dysfunction, as in mitochondrial diseases.
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Tengku Baharudin N, Jaafar H, Zainuddin Z. Association of mitochondrial DNA 10398 polymorphism in invasive breast cancer in malay population of peninsular malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2012; 19:36-42. [PMID: 22977373 PMCID: PMC3436496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 10398 polymorphism is hypothesised to alter a mitochondrial subunit of the electron transfer chain and is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. METHODS In this study, an mtDNA polymorphism at nucleotide position 10398 was screened in 101 Malay female patients with invasive breast cancer and 90 age-matched healthy female controls using minisequencing analysis. RESULTS The Malay women with the 10398G variant showed a significantly increased risk of invasive breast cancer (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.25-4.20, P = 0.007). Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of this polymorphism on the levels of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The level of Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) expression was significantly higher than that of Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein) in patients carrying the G allele (P = 0.016) but not in those carrying the A allele (P = 0.48). CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we propose that the mtDNA 10398 polymorphism may be a potential risk marker for breast cancer susceptibility in the Malay population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Tengku Baharudin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zafarina Zainuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Smith DG, Magwere T, Burchill SA. Oxidative stress and therapeutic opportunities: focus on the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:229-49. [PMID: 21342042 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive by-products of energy production that can have detrimental as well as beneficial effects. Unchecked, high levels of ROS result in an imbalance of cellular redox state and oxidative stress. High levels of ROS have been detected in most cancers, where they promote tumor development and progression. Many anticancer agents work by further increasing cellular levels of ROS, to overcome the antioxidant detoxification capacity of the cancer cell and induce cell death. However, adaptation of the level of cellular antioxidants can lead to drug resistance. The challenge for the design of effective cancer therapeutics exploiting oxidative stress is to tip the cellular redox balance to induce ROS-dependent cell death but without increasing the antioxidant activity of the cancer cell or inducing toxicity in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Smith
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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33
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Wang T, Pradhan K, Ye K, Wong LJ, Rohan TE. Estimating allele frequency from next-generation sequencing of pooled mitochondrial DNA samples. Front Genet 2011; 2:51. [PMID: 22303347 PMCID: PMC3268604 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Both common and rare mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants may contribute to genetic susceptibility to some complex human diseases. Understanding of the role of mtDNA variants will provide valuable insights into the etiology of these diseases. However, to date, there have not been any large-scale, genome-wide association studies of complete mtDNA variants and disease risk. One reason for this might be the substantial cost of sequencing the large number of samples required for genetic epidemiology studies. Next-generation sequencing of pooled mtDNA samples will dramatically reduce the cost of such studies and may represent an appealing approach for large-scale genetic epidemiology studies. However, the performance of the different designs of sequencing pooled mtDNA has not been evaluated. Methods: We examined the approach of sequencing pooled mtDNA of multiple individuals for estimating allele frequency using the Illumina genome analyzer (GA) II sequencing system. In this study the pool included mtDNA samples of 20 subjects that had been sequenced previously using Sanger sequencing. Each pool was replicated once to assess variation of the sequencing error between pools. To reduce such variation, barcoding was used for sequencing different pools in the same lane of the flow cell. To evaluate the effect of different pooling strategies pooling was done at both the pre- and post-PCR amplification step. Results: The sequencing error rate was close to that expected based on the Phred score. When only reads with Phred ≥ 20 were considered, the average error rate was about 0.3%. However, there was significant variation of the base-calling errors for different types of bases or at different loci. Using the results of the Sanger sequencing as the standard, the sensitivity of single nucleotide polymorphism detection with post-PCR pooling (about 99%) was higher than that of the pre-PCR pooling (about 82%), while the two approaches had similar specificity (about 99%). Among a total of 298 variants in the sample, the allele frequencies of 293 variants (98%) were correctly estimated with post-PCR pooling, the correlation between the estimated and the true allele frequencies being >0.99, while only 206 allele frequencies (69%) were correctly estimated in the pre-PCR pooling, the correlation being 0.89. Conclusion: Sequencing of mtDNA pooled after PCR amplification is a viable tool for screening mitochondrial variants potentially related to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA
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Czarnecka AM, Bartnik E. The role of the mitochondrial genome in ageing and carcinogenesis. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:136435. [PMID: 21403887 PMCID: PMC3042732 DOI: 10.4061/2011/136435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutations and polymorphisms have been the focus of intensive investigations for well over a decade in an attempt to understand how they affect fundamental processes such as cancer and aging. Initial interest in mutations occurring in mitochondrial DNA of cancer cells diminished when most were found to be the same mutations which occurred during the evolution of human mitochondrial haplogroups. However, increasingly correlations are being found between various mitochondrial haplogroups and susceptibility to cancer or diseases in some cases and successful aging in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Czarnecka
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Bayona-Bafaluy MP, López-Gallardo E, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Maternally inherited susceptibility to cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:643-9. [PMID: 20732295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment promotes mtDNA mutations. A number of these mutations will affect cell metabolism and increase cell survival. These mutations are positively selected and contribute to other tumor features, such as extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenic processes, thus favoring metastases. Like somatic mutations, although with less marked effects, some mtDNA population polymorphisms will affect OXPHOS function, cell metabolism, and homeostasis. Thus, they could behave as inherited susceptibility factors for cancer. However, in addition to epidemiological evidence, other more direct clues are required. The cybrid approach can help to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain
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36
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Kaipparettu BA, Ma Y, Wong LJC. Functional effects of cancer mitochondria on energy metabolism and tumorigenesis: utility of transmitochondrial cybrids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1201:137-46. [PMID: 20649550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rohan TE, Wong LJ, Wang T, Haines J, Kabat GC. Do alterations in mitochondrial DNA play a role in breast carcinogenesis? JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:604304. [PMID: 20628528 PMCID: PMC2902128 DOI: 10.1155/2010/604304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence supports a role for oxidative stress in breast carcinogenesis. Due to their role in producing energy via oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondria are a major source of production of reactive oxygen species, which may damage DNA. The mitochondrial genome may be particularly susceptible to oxidative damage leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Genetic variants in mtDNA and nuclear DNA may also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we address the role of alterations in mtDNA in the etiology of breast cancer. Several studies have shown a relatively high frequency of mtDNA mutations in breast tumor tissue in comparison with mutations in normal breast tissue. To date, several studies have examined the association of genetic variants in mtDNA and breast cancer risk. The G10398A mtDNA polymorphism has received the most attention and has been shown to be associated with increased risk in some studies. Other variants have generally been examined in only one or two studies. Genome-wide association studies may help identify new mtDNA variants which modify breast cancer risk. In addition to assessing the main effects of specific variants, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are likely to explain a greater proportion of the variability in breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx,NY 10461, USA
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx,NY 10461, USA
| | - Jonathan Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 519 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0700, USA
| | - Geoffrey C. Kabat
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx,NY 10461, USA
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Zhao H, Shen J, Medico L, Platek M, Ambrosone CB. Length heteroplasmies in human mitochondrial DNA control regions and breast cancer risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2010; 1:184-192. [PMID: 21537390 PMCID: PMC3076767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that the presence of heteroplasmy in the hypervariable (HV) regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be an indicator of mitochondrial genome instability, mtDNA dysfunction, and, thus, may be associated with increased cancer risk. However, whether heteroplasmy in the HV regions of mtDNA could be a risk predictor of oxidative stress-related human cancers, such as breast cancer, remains to be determined. To explore the role of heteroplasmy in the HV regions of mtDNA in breast cancer etiology, we analyzed heteroplasmy in the HV regions of mtDNA in whole blood from 103 patients with breast cancer and 103 matched control subjects. Both cases and controls displayed heteroplasmies in both of the HV1 and HV2 regions. Closer examination of the prevalence of length heteroplasmy indicated that the prevalence of heteroplasmies in both of the HV1 and HV2 regions was much higher in the cases than in the controls (HV1: 68% vs 49%, P=0.007; HV2: 46% vs 25%, P=0.002). The presence of length heteroplasmies in both of the HV1 and HV2 regions was associated with 2.18- and 2.49-folds increased risk of breast cancer, respectively, (HV1: OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.19 - 4.00; HV2: OR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.32 - 4.69). Interestingly, we observed that the controls with length heteroplasmies in both HV1 and HV2 had statistically significantly lower copy number of mtDNA than the ones without heteroplasmies. These results suggest that the length heteroplasmy in the HV regions of mtDNA could be associated with a risk of breast cancer, perhaps through affecting the copy number of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Yu M, Wan Y, Zou Q, Xi Y. High frequency of mitochondrial DNA D-loop mutations in Ewing's sarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:447-50. [PMID: 19785995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations and polymorphisms in the noncoding displacement (D)-loop of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are present in a variety of human cancers. To investigate whether Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) harbors genetic alterations within the D-loop region and their potential association with EWS carcinogenesis, we analyzed and compared the complete mtDNA D-loop sequences from 17 pairs of tumor tissues and corresponding peripheral blood samples using the direct DNA sequencing method. Our results revealed that 12 of the 17 EWS tumor specimens (70.6%) carried 19 somatic mutations in the D-loop of mtDNA, including 11 single-base substitutions, 3 insertions and 5 deletions. Among the tested 17 patients, we screened a total of 40 germline polymorphisms including one novel sequence variant in the D-loop fragment. Most of these identified mutations and germline variations were clustered within two hypervariable segments (HVS1 and HVS2) as well as the homopolymeric C stretch between nucleotide position 303 and 309. In addition, there was no significant correlation between mtDNA D-loop mutations and various clinicopathological factors of EWS. In conclusion, our study reports for the first time that mtDNA D-loop mutations occur at a high frequency in EWS. These data provide evidence of mtDNA alterations' possible involvement in the initiation and/or progression of this rare malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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40
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Wang J, Brautbar A, Chan AK, Dzwiniel T, Li FY, Waters PJ, Graham BH, Wong LJ. Two mtDNA mutations 14487T>C (M63V, ND6) and 12297T>C (tRNA Leu) in a Leigh syndrome family. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 96:59-65. [PMID: 19062322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies are characterized by a large variability of clinical phenotypes and severity. The 14487T>C mutation in mtDNA has been recently described to be associated with Leigh syndrome. The 12297T>C mutation has been described in isolated dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Here, we report a family with multiple members who harbor both mutations, with only a few individuals who are affected with Leigh syndrome. Mitochondrial whole genome sequencing analysis in the proband's muscle specimen detected two nearly homoplasmic mutations: 14487T>C (M63V in ND6) and 12297T>C in the tRNA (Leu) (CUN) gene. These two mutations were also detected in the blood, urine sediments, hair follicles, and buccal swab samples of all matrilineal relatives tested. All individuals tested were nearly homoplasmic for the 12297T>C mutation, but had variable degrees of heteroplasmy for 14487T>C. We also screened for the frequency of these two mutations. Of 268 patients with Leigh or Leigh-like disease, one case was found to harbor the 14487T>C mutation (0.3%), and one had the 12297T>C mutation (0.3%). Neither mutation was detected in the 88 patients meeting MELAS syndrome criteria nor in the 56 patients with respiratory chain complex I or I+III deficiency. In conclusion, the 14487T>C mutation appears as the primary etiology of Leigh syndrome in this family, demonstrating the high level of heteroplasmy needed for a clinically significant phenotype with this mutation. The 12297T>C mutation was not associated with dilated cardiomyopathy for the family members who were clinically evaluated and who were shown by testing to be nearly homoplasmic for that mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jia D, Park JH, Jung KH, Levine H, Kaipparettu BA. [Experience in the management of children with diabetes mellitus]. Cells 1966. [PMID: 29534029 PMCID: PMC5870353 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, also referred to as the Warburg effect, has been regarded as the dominant metabolic phenotype in cancer cells for a long time. More recently, it has been shown that mitochondria in most tumors are not defective in their ability to carry out oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Instead, in highly aggressive cancer cells, mitochondrial energy pathways are reprogrammed to meet the challenges of high energy demand, better utilization of available fuels and macromolecular synthesis for rapid cell division and migration. Mitochondrial energy reprogramming is also involved in the regulation of oncogenic pathways via mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling and post-translational modification of oncoproteins. In addition, neoplastic mitochondria can engage in crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment. For example, signals from cancer-associated fibroblasts can drive tumor mitochondria to utilize OXPHOS, a process known as the reverse Warburg effect. Emerging evidence shows that cancer cells can acquire a hybrid glycolysis/OXPHOS phenotype in which both glycolysis and OXPHOS can be utilized for energy production and biomass synthesis. The hybrid glycolysis/OXPHOS phenotype facilitates metabolic plasticity of cancer cells and may be specifically associated with metastasis and therapy-resistance. Moreover, cancer cells can switch their metabolism phenotypes in response to external stimuli for better survival. Taking into account the metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells, therapies targeting cancer metabolic dependency in principle can be made more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kwang Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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