1
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Hawthorne WJ, Fuller E, Thomas A, Rao JS, Burlak C. Updateon xenotransplantation for May/June 2021. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12710. [PMID: 34617623 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplant & Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Fuller
- Centre for Transplant & Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adwin Thomas
- Centre for Transplant & Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Sushil Rao
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Encapsulation Strategies for Pancreatic Islet Transplantation without Immune Suppression. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Kim G, Lee HS, Oh BJ, Kwon Y, Kim H, Ha S, Jin SM, Kim JH. Protective effect of a novel clinical-grade small molecule necrosis inhibitor against oxidative stress and inflammation during islet transplantation. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1440-1452. [PMID: 32978875 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-induced inflammatory responses could be a novel target in clinical islet transplantation. We investigated the protective effects of NecroX-7, a novel clinical-grade necrosis inhibitor that specifically targets mitochondrial ROS, against primary islet graft failure. Islets from heterozygote human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic (hIAPP+/- ) mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) were isolated or cultured with or without NecroX-7 in serum-deprived medium. Supplementation with NecroX-7 during hIAPP+/- mouse islet isolation markedly increased islet viability and adenosine triphosphate content, and attenuated ROS, transcription of c-Jun N-terminal kinases, high mobility group box 1, interleukin-1beta (IL-1 β ), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Supplementation of NecroX-7 during serum-deprived culture also protected hIAPP+/- mouse and NHP islets against impaired viability, serum deprivation-induced ROS, proinflammatory response, and accumulation of toxic IAPP oligomer. Supplementation with NecroX-7 during isolation or serum-deprived culture of hIAPP+/- mouse and NHP islets also improved posttransplant glycemia in the recipient streptozotocin-induced diabetic hIAPP-/- mice and BALB/c-nu/nu mice, respectively. In conclusion, pretransplant administration of NecroX-7 during islet isolation and serum-deprived culture suppressed mitochondrial ROS injury, generation of DAMPs-induced proinflammatory responses, and accumulation of toxic IAPP oligomers ex vivo, and improved posttransplant glycemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Sin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bae Jun Oh
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngsang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Martin JR, Patil P, Yu F, Gupta MK, Duvall CL. Enhanced stem cell retention and antioxidative protection with injectable, ROS-degradable PEG hydrogels. Biomaterials 2020; 263:120377. [PMID: 32947094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels crosslinked with enzyme-cleavable peptides are promising biodegradable vehicles for therapeutic cell delivery. However, peptide synthesis at the level required for bulk biomaterial manufacturing is costly, and fabrication of hydrogels from scalable, low-cost synthetic precursors while supporting cell-specific degradation remains a challenge. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cell-generated signaling molecules that can also be used as a trigger to mediate specific in vivo degradation of biomaterials. Here, PEG-based hydrogels crosslinked with ROS-degradable poly(thioketal) (PTK) polymers were successfully synthesized via thiol-maleimide chemistry and employed as a cell-degradable, antioxidative stem cell delivery platform. PTK hydrogels were mechanically robust and underwent ROS-mediated, dose-dependent degradation in vitro, while promoting robust cellular infiltration, tissue regeneration, and bioresorption in vivo. Moreover, these ROS-sensitive materials successfully encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and maintained over 40% more viable cells than gold-standard hydrogels crosslinked with enzymatically-degradable peptides. The higher cellular survival in PTK-based gels was associated with the antioxidative function of the ROS-sensitive crosslinker, which scavenged free radicals and protected encapsulated MSCs from cytotoxic doses of ROS. Improved MSC viability was also observed in vivo as MSCs delivered within injectable PTK hydrogels maintained significantly more viability over 11 days compared against cells delivered within gels crosslinked with either a PEG-only control polymer or a gold-standard enzymatically-degradable peptide. Together, this study establishes a new paradigm for scalable creation and application of cell-degradable hydrogels, particularly for cell delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Martin
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235-1631, USA
| | - Prarthana Patil
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235-1631, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235-1631, USA
| | - Mukesh K Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235-1631, USA.
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235-1631, USA.
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5
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Vanderschelden R, Sathialingam M, Alexander M, Lakey JRT. Cost and Scalability Analysis of Porcine Islet Isolation for Islet Transplantation: Comparison of Juvenile, Neonatal and Adult Pigs. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:967-972. [PMID: 31037984 PMCID: PMC6719497 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719847460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited availability of human islets has led to the examination of porcine islets as a source of clinically suitable tissue for transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Islets from porcine donors are commonly used in both in vitro and in vivo experiments studying diabetes mellitus. However, there are significant differences in quality and quantity of islet yield depending on donor pig age, as well as substantial differences in the costs of pancreas procurement in adult versus neonatal and juvenile pigs. In this study, we compared the total cost per islet of juvenile pig pancreata with that of neonatal and adult pigs. Although adult porcine pancreata yield, on average, more than five times the amount of islets than do juvenile and neonatal pancreata, we found that the high price of adult pigs led to the cost per islet being more than twice that of juvenile and neonatal islets (US $0.09 vs $0.04 and $0.02, respectively). In addition, neonatal and juvenile islets are advantageous in their scalability and retention of viability after culture. Our findings indicate that isolating neonatal and juvenile porcine islets is more cost-effective and scalable than isolating adult porcine islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Vanderschelden
- 1 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, USA.,2 Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Michael Alexander
- 1 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, USA.,2 Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- 1 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, USA.,2 Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
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6
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Miceli V, Pampalone M, Frazziano G, Grasso G, Rizzarelli E, Ricordi C, Casu A, Iannolo G, Conaldi PG. Carnosine protects pancreatic beta cells and islets against oxidative stress damage. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:105-118. [PMID: 29496567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a valid therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes treatment. However, in this procedure one of the major problems is the oxidative stress produced during pancreatic islet isolation. The aim of our study was to evaluate potential protective effects of L-carnosine and its isomer D-carnosine against oxidative stress. We evaluated the carnosine effect on cell growth, cell death, insulin production, and the main markers of oxidative stress in rat and murine stressed beta cell lines as well as in human pancreatic islets. Both isomers clearly inhibited hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity, with a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, prevented hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis/necrosis, nitrite production, and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion. In addition, NF-κB expression/translocation and nitrated protein induced in stressed cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, both isomers improved survival and function, and decreased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and nitrite and nitrotyrosine production in human islets cultured for 1, 3, and 7 days. These results seem to indicate that both L and D-carnosine have a significant cytoprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress in beta cell lines and human islets, suggesting their potential use to improve islet survival during the islet transplantation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Miceli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Council of Research (CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anna Casu
- Diabetes and Islet Transplantation Unit, Department for the Study and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
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7
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McQuilling JP, Sittadjody S, Pendergraft S, Farney AC, Opara EC. Applications of particulate oxygen-generating substances (POGS) in the bioartificial pancreas. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:2437-2447. [PMID: 29051963 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) is a devastating autoimmune disorder which results in the destruction of beta cells within the pancreas. A promising treatment strategy for T1D is the replacement of the lost beta cell mass through implantation of immune-isolated microencapsulated islets referred to as the bioartificial pancreas. The goal of this approach is to restore blood glucose regulation and prevent the long-term comorbidities of T1D without the need for immunosuppressants. A major requirement in the quest to achieve this goal is to address the oxygen needs of islet cells. Islets are highly metabolically active and require a significant amount of oxygen for normal function. During the process of isolation, microencapsulation, and processing prior to transplantation, the islets' oxygen supply is disrupted, and a large amount of islet cells are therefore lost due to extended hypoxia, thus creating a major barrier to clinical success with this treatment. In this work, we have investigated the oxygen generating compounds, sodium percarbonate (SPO) and calcium peroxide (CPO) as potential supplemental oxygen sources for islets during isolation and encapsulation before and immediately after transplantation. First, SPO particles were used as an oxygen source for islets during isolation. Secondly, silicone films containing SPO were used to provide supplemental oxygen to islets for up to 4 days in culture. Finally, CPO was used as an oxygen source for encapsulated cells by co-encapsulating CPO particles with islets in permselective alginate microspheres. These studies provide an important proof of concept for the utilization of these oxygen generating materials to prevent beta cell death caused by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P McQuilling
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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8
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Kong Y, Sharma RB, Ly S, Stamateris RE, Jesdale WM, Alonso LC. CDKN2A/B T2D Genome-Wide Association Study Risk SNPs Impact Locus Gene Expression and Proliferation in Human Islets. Diabetes 2018; 67:872-884. [PMID: 29432124 PMCID: PMC5910004 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies link the CDKN2A/B locus with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but mechanisms increasing risk remain unknown. The CDKN2A/B locus encodes cell cycle inhibitors p14, p15, and p16; MTAP; and ANRIL, a long noncoding RNA. The goal of this study was to determine whether CDKN2A/B T2D risk SNPs impact locus gene expression, insulin secretion, or β-cell proliferation in human islets. Islets from donors without diabetes (n = 95) were tested for SNP genotype (rs10811661, rs2383208, rs564398, and rs10757283), gene expression (p14, p15, p16, MTAP, ANRIL, PCNA, KI67, and CCND2), insulin secretion (n = 61), and β-cell proliferation (n = 47). Intriguingly, locus genes were coregulated in islets in two physically overlapping cassettes: p14-p16-ANRIL, which increased with age, and MTAP-p15, which did not. Risk alleles at rs10811661 and rs2383208 were differentially associated with expression of ANRIL, but not p14, p15, p16, or MTAP, in age-dependent fashion, such that younger homozygous risk donors had higher ANRIL expression, equivalent to older donor levels. We identified several risk SNP combinations that may impact locus gene expression, suggesting possible mechanisms by which SNPs impact locus biology. Risk allele carriers at ANRIL coding SNP rs564398 had reduced β-cell proliferation index. In conclusion, CDKN2A/B locus SNPs may impact T2D risk by modulating islet gene expression and β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Kong
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Socheata Ly
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Rachel E Stamateris
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - William M Jesdale
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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9
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Teotia RS, Kadam S, Singh AK, Verma SK, Bahulekar A, Kanetkar S, Bellare J. Islet encapsulated implantable composite hollow fiber membrane based device: A bioartificial pancreas. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:857-866. [PMID: 28532102 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Islets from xeno-sources and islet like clusters derived from autologus stem cells have emerged as alternatives to cadaveric pancreas used for treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the immuno-isolation of these islets from the host immune system suffers from the issue of biocompatibility and hypoxia. To overcome the issues of immunobarrier biocompatibility, we developed a Polysulfone (Psf)/TPGS composite hollow fiber membrane (HFM) using a hollow fiber spinning pilot plant specially developed for this purpose. Important structural variables such as fiber material, dope composition, dimensions, surface characteristics etc., were precisely engineered and tuned for bioartificial pancreas application. The HFMs were characterized for their morphology, molecular diffusion, selectivity and protein absorption. The optimized Polysulfone(Psf)/TPGS composite HFMs, which contained TPGS, exhibited uniformed structure with low insulin adsorption and high permeability of insulin. The HFM was further studied for the encapsulation and in-vitro growth with porcine and differentiated islets isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly. To prove their efficacy under in-vivo conditions, the Polysulfone(Psf)/TPGS composite HFMs were encapsulated with either of these isolated cells (porcine islets or islet like cell clusters derived from mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly) and they were transplanted in experimental STZ induced diabetic mice. The results showed restoration of normoglycemia for 30days, indicating their ability to respond efficiently to high glucose without immune-rejection. Thus, these results indicate that Polysulfone (Psf)/TPGS composite HFMs can be used as an implantable, immune-competent bioartificial pancreas as a therapy for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit S Teotia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400079, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Kadam
- Krishna Institute of Medical Science University, Malkapur, Karad (Dist.Satara) 415110, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400079, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400079, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashutosh Bahulekar
- Krishna Institute of Medical Science University, Malkapur, Karad (Dist.Satara) 415110, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata Kanetkar
- Krishna Institute of Medical Science University, Malkapur, Karad (Dist.Satara) 415110, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400079, Maharashtra, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400079, Maharashtra, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400079, Maharashtra, India; Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400079, Maharashtra, India.
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10
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Krishnan R, Truong N, Gerges M, Stiewig M, Neel N, Ho-Nguyen K, Kummerfeld C, Alexander M, Spizzo T, Martin M, Foster CE, Monuki ES, Lakey JRT. Impact of donor age and weaning status on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tissue maturation in pigs. Xenotransplantation 2016; 22:356-67. [PMID: 26381493 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the process of islet isolation, pancreatic enzymes are activated and released, adversely affecting islet survival and function. We hypothesize that the exocrine component of pancreases harvested from pre-weaned juvenile pigs is immature and hence pancreatic tissue from these donors is protected from injury during isolation and prolonged tissue culture. METHODS Biopsy specimens taken from pancreases harvested from neonatal (5-10 days), pre-weaned juvenile (18-22 days), weaned juvenile (45-60 days), and young adult pigs (>90 days) were fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Sections were examined under a fluorescent microscope to evaluate exocrine zymogen fluorescence intensity (ZFI) and under an electron microscope to evaluate exocrine zymogen granule density (ZGD). RESULTS Exocrine content estimation showed significantly lower ZFI and ZGD in juvenile pig pancreases (1.5 ± 0.04 U/μm(2) , ZFI; 1.03 ± 0.07 × 10(3) /100 μm(2) , ZGD) compared to young adult pigs (2.4 ± 0.05U/μm(2) , ZFI; 1.53 ± 0.08 × 10(3) /100 μm(2) ZGD). Islets in juvenile pig pancreases were on average smaller (105.2 ± 11.2 μm) than islets in young adult pigs (192 ± 7.7 μm), but their insulin content was comparable (80.9 ± 2.2% juvenile; 84.2 ± 0.3% young adult, P > 0.05). All data expressed as mean ± SEM. CONCLUSION Porcine islet xenotransplantation continues to make strides toward utilization in clinical trials of type 1 diabetes. Porcine donor age and weaning status influence the extent of exocrine maturation of the pancreas. Juvenile porcine pancreases may represent an alternative donor source for islet xenotransplantation as their exocrine component is relatively immature; this preserves islet viability during extended tissue culture following isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nhat Truong
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Marina Gerges
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Stiewig
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Neel
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - KhueTu Ho-Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Tom Spizzo
- SpringPoint Project, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Clarence E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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11
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Zhu HT, Wang WL, Yu L, Wang B. Pig-islet xenotransplantation: recent progress and current perspectives. Front Surg 2014; 1:7. [PMID: 25593932 PMCID: PMC4287008 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2014.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet xenotransplantation is one prospective treatment to bridge the gap between available human cells and needs of patients with diabetes. Pig represents an ideal candidate for obtaining such available cells. However, potential clinical application of pig islet still faces obstacles including inadequate yield of high-quality functional islets and xenorejection of the transplants. Adequate amounts of available islets can be obtained by selection of a suitable pathogen-free source herd and the development of isolation and purification method. Several studies demonstrated the feasibility of successful preclinical pig-islet xenotransplantation and provided insights and possible mechanisms of xenogeneic immune recognition and rejection. Particularly promising is the achievement of long-term insulin independence in diabetic models by means of distinct islet products and novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, further efforts are needed to obtain much more safety and efficacy data to translate these findings into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wan-Li Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Kim TS, Lee HS, Oh SH, Moon H, Lee S, Song S, Shin M, Park JB, Kim SJ, Joh JW, Lee SK. Optimal device and method for transportation of isolated porcine islet. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:3097-101. [PMID: 24157043 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the optimal method for transportation of isolated porcine islets from an isolation facility to a transplant hospital or research center in terms of temperature, oxygen supply, and shaking effect. METHODS Commercially available insulator boxes with thermoregulators exposed for 5 hours under two external temperatures (4°C and 37°C) were monitored using HOBO temperature loggers. To find the optimal transport device, we compared islet counts, viability, quality, and function in conical tubes, gas-permeable bags (GPB) and gas-permeable flasks (GPF) after 1, 3 and 5 hours. To evaluate the effects of shaking on islets, we also analyzed the difference between a control and a shaking group in each device with time. RESULTS Commercially available Styrofoam insulators with thermoregulators maintained the internal temperature near the target. Islet recovery rate for GPF, which was higher than other devices, was maintained, while those decreased with time for conical tube and GPB containers adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) ratio for GPF was lower than other devices, albeit not significantly fluoroscein acrimide/propidium iodide (AO/PI) ratio for GPF was higher than other devices after 5 hours. Glucose stimulated index was not different among the devices. In comparison with the control group, shaking yielded comparable islet survival, viability and function. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the use of commercially available insulator boxes with thermoregulators maintained internal temperature close to the target value and that GPF was more favorable for islet oxygenation during transportation. This study also suggested negligible impact of shaking on isolated porcine islets during transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Stiegler P, Stadlbauer-Köllner V, Sereinigg M, Hackl F, Puntschart A, Schweiger M, Prenner G, Schaffellner S, Iberer F, Lackner C, Jürgens G, Hallström S, Matzi V, Smolle-Jüttner FM, Tscheliessnigg KH. Hyperbaric oxygenation of UW solution positively impacts on the energy state of porcine pancreatic tissue*. Eur Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-011-0053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Pretreatment with Bilirubin Protects Islet against Oxidative Injury During Isolation and Purification. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1810-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Schneider MKJ, Seebach JD. Xenotransplantation literature update: April-May, 2010. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17:324-7. [PMID: 20723204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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