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Jia R, Ren YZ, Li PN, Gao R, Zhang YS. SCSMD: Single Cell Consistent Clustering based on Spectral Matrix Decomposition. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae273. [PMID: 38855914 PMCID: PMC11163303 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster analysis, a pivotal step in single-cell sequencing data analysis, presents substantial opportunities to effectively unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular heterogeneity and intercellular phenotypic variations. However, the inherent imperfections arise as different clustering algorithms yield diverse estimates of cluster numbers and cluster assignments. This study introduces Single Cell Consistent Clustering based on Spectral Matrix Decomposition (SCSMD), a comprehensive clustering approach that integrates the strengths of multiple methods to determine the optimal clustering scheme. Testing the performance of SCSMD across different distances and employing the bespoke evaluation metric, the methodological selection undergoes validation to ensure the optimal efficacy of the SCSMD. A consistent clustering test is conducted on 15 authentic scRNA-seq datasets. The application of SCSMD to human embryonic stem cell scRNA-seq data successfully identifies known cell types and delineates their developmental trajectories. Similarly, when applied to glioblastoma cells, SCSMD accurately detects pre-existing cell types and provides finer sub-division within one of the original clusters. The results affirm the robust performance of our SCSMD method in terms of both the number of clusters and cluster assignments. Moreover, we have broadened the application scope of SCSMD to encompass larger datasets, thereby furnishing additional evidence of its superiority. The findings suggest that SCSMD is poised for application to additional scRNA-seq datasets and for further downstream analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Zan Ren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Po-Nian Li
- College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
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2
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Gürbüz BB, Gülbakan B, Özgül RK, Yalnızoğlu D, Yılmaz DY, Göçmen R, Koşukcu C, Kandemir N, Acar NV, Salih B, Dursun A. Exploring metabolic alterations in PYCR2 deficiency: Unveiling pathways and clinical presentations of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63645. [PMID: 38709052 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Proline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, encoded by PYCR2 gene, is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of proline synthesis from pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase to proline. PYCR2 gene defect causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10. Up until now, to our knowledge around 38 patients with PYCR2 defect have been reported. Herein, we describe clinical, neuroradiological, biochemical findings, and metabolomic profiling of three new genetically related cases of PYCR2 defects from a large family. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amino acid levels were measured and untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma and CSF were conducted and evaluated together with the clinical findings in the patients. While plasma and CSF proline levels were found to be totally normal, untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed mild increases of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and l-glutamate semialdehyde and marked increases of inosine and xanthine. Our findings and all the previous reports suggest that proline auxotrophy is not the central disease mechanism. Untargeted metabolomics point to mild changes in proline pathway and also in purine/pyrimidine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basri Gülbakan
- Division of Metabolism, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Köksal Özgül
- Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yalnızoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Yücel Yılmaz
- Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahşan Göçmen
- Division of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Koşukcu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hacettepe University Institute of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kandemir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neşe Vardar Acar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Dursun
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Albuainain F, Shi Y, Lor-Zade S, Hüffmeier U, Pauly M, Reis A, Faivre L, Maraval J, Bruel AL, Them FTM, Haack TB, Grasshoff U, Horber V, Schot R, van Slegtenhorst M, Wilke M, Barakat TS. Confirmation and expansion of the phenotype of the TCEAL1-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:350-356. [PMID: 38200082 PMCID: PMC10923854 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous contiguous gene deletion syndromes causing neurodevelopmental disorders have previously been defined using cytogenetics for which only in the current genomic era the disease-causing genes have become elucidated. One such example is deletion at Xq22.2, previously associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder which has more recently been found to be caused by de novo loss-of-function variants in TCEAL1. So far, a single study reported six unrelated individuals with this monogenetic disorder, presenting with syndromic features including developmental delay especially affecting expressive speech, intellectual disability, autistic-like behaviors, hypotonia, gait abnormalities and mild facial dysmorphism, in addition to ocular, gastrointestinal, and immunologic abnormalities. Here we report on four previously undescribed individuals, including two adults, with de novo truncating variants in TCEAL1, identified through trio exome or genome sequencing, further delineating the phenotype of the TCEAL1-related disorder. Whereas overall we identify similar features compared to the original report, we also highlight features in our adult individuals including hyperphagia, obesity, and endocrine abnormalities including hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. X chromosome inactivation and RNA-seq studies further provide functional insights in the molecular mechanisms. Together this report expands the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of the TCEAL1-related disorder which will be useful for counseling of newly identified individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Albuainain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuwei Shi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Lor-Zade
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Hüffmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Pauly
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRANSLAD et Institut GIMI, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
- Inserm UMR1231 team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Maraval
- Inserm UMR1231 team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Inserm UMR1231 team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
- Functional Unit of Innovative Diagnosis for Rare Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau Them
- Inserm UMR1231 team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
- Functional Unit of Innovative Diagnosis for Rare Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronka Horber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jose M, Fasaludeen A, Pavuluri H, Rudrabhatla PK, Chandrasekharan SV, Jose J, Banerjee M, Sundaram S, Radhakrishnan A, Menon RN. Metabolic causes of pediatric developmental & epileptic encephalopathies (DEE)- genetic variant analysis in a south Indian cohort. Seizure 2024; 115:20-27. [PMID: 38183824 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug-resistant epilepsy is seen in patients with inborn errors of metabolism and metabolic dysfunction in neurons is crucial to brain disorders associated with psychomotor impairment. Diagnostic rates of metabolic causes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) using next generation sequencing have been rarely studied in literature. METHODS A prospective hospital study was carried out in 384 children with DEE, who underwent genetic testing. Metabolic disorders were evaluated with biochemical blood/urine assays and when required CSF estimations performed. RESULTS A total of 154 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 384 children were identified. Out of 384 children, 89 were clinically suspected to have probable or possible metabolic disorders. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in metabolic genes were identified in 39 out of 89 (43.8 %) and promising VUS in 28 (31.4 %). These included variants for progressive myoclonus epilepsies (21; 53.8 %), DEE with focal/multifocal seizures (8; 20.5 %), generalized epilepsy (5;12.8 %), early myoclonic encephalopathy (2; 5.1 %), LGS (1; 2.6 %) and West syndrome (2; 5.1 %). CONCLUSION Our cohort demonstrates for the first time from the Indian subcontinent that identification of metabolic variants can guide investigations and has therapeutic implications in patients with variable DEE phenotypes. A high utility is noted with regard to diagnosis and prognostication, given the low yield of available biochemical tests, indicating cost-effectiveness of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Jose
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Alfiya Fasaludeen
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Harini Pavuluri
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Rudrabhatla
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya V Chandrasekharan
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Jithu Jose
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Moinak Banerjee
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya Sundaram
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ashalatha Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
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Yamamoto A, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Ishiyama A, Kurosawa K, Sasaki M, Sato N, Osaka H, Takanashi JI, Inoue K. An Open-Label Administration of Bioavailable-Form Curcumin in Patients With Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 151:80-83. [PMID: 38134864 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two preclinical studies using mouse models of Pelizeaus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) have revealed the potential therapeutic effects of curcumin. In this study, we examined the effects of curcumin in patients with PMD. METHODS We conducted a study administering an open-label oral bioavailable form of curcumin in nine patients genetically confirmed to have PMD (five to 20 years; mean 11 years) for 12 months (low doses for two months followed by high doses for 10 months). We evaluated changes in clinical symptoms as the primary end point using two scales, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the PMD Functional Disability Score (PMD-FDS). The level of myelination by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the electrophysiological state by auditory brainstem response (ABR) were evaluated as secondary end points. The safety and tolerability of oral curcumin were also examined. RESULTS Increase in GMFM and PMD-FDS were noted in five and three patients, respectively, but overall, no statistically significant improvement was demonstrated. We found no clear improvement in their brain MRI or ABR. No adverse events associated with oral administration of curcumin were observed. CONCLUSIONS Although we failed to demonstrate any significant therapeutic effects of curcumin after 12 months, its tolerability and safety were confirmed. This study does not exclude the possibility of therapeutic effects of curcumin, and a trial of longer duration should be considered to compare the natural history of the disease with the effects of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Yamamoto
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishiyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotuke, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Takanashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
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Trepanier AM, Aguilar S, Kamholz J, Laukka JJ. The natural history of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease caused by PLP1 duplication: A multiyear case series. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7814. [PMID: 37636890 PMCID: PMC10457477 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the clinical features, developmental milestones, and the natural history of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) associated with PLP1 gene duplications. The study examined 16 PMD Patients ranging in age from 7 to 48 years, who had a documented PLP1 gene duplication. The study examined and analyzed the medical and developmental histories of the subjects utilizing a combination of resources that included medical history questionnaires, medical record reviews, and a 31-point functional disability scale that had been previously validated. The data extracted from the medical records and questionnaires for analysis included information related to medical and developmental histories, level of ambulation and cognition, and degree of functional disability. The summation of findings among the study population demonstrated that the presenting symptoms, developmental milestones achieved, and progression of symptoms reported are consistent with many previous studies of patients with PLP1 duplications. All patients exhibited onset within the first year of life, with nystagmus predominating as the first symptom noticed. All patients exhibited delays in both motor and language development; however, many individuals were able to meet several developmental milestones. They exhibited some degree of continued motor impairment with none having the ability to walk independently. All patients were able to complete at least some of the cognition achievements and although not all were verbal, a number were able to use communication devices to complete these tasks. A critical tool of the study was the functional disability scale which provided a major advantage in helping quantify the clinical course of PMD, and for several, we were able to gather this information at more than one point in time. These reported findings in our cohort contribute important insight into the clinical heterogeneity and potential underlying mechanisms that define the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. This is one of only a small number of natural history studies examining the clinical course of a cohort of patients with PLP1 duplications within the context of a validated functional disability scoring system. This study is unique in that it is limited to subjects with PLP1 gene duplications. This study demonstrated many commonalities to other studies that have characterized the features of PMD and other PLP1-related disorders but also provide significant new insights into the evolving story that marks the natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Trepanier
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Sienna Aguilar
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Invitae, Inc.San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Kamholz
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Jeremy J. Laukka
- Department of Medical EducationUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine & Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine & Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
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Martinello C, Panza E, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegias proteome: common pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:171-188. [PMID: 37788157 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2260952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. These conditions are caused by lesions in the neuronal pyramidal tract and exhibit clinical and genetic variability. Ongoing research focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of HSP onset, which ultimately lead to neuronal degeneration. Key molecular mechanisms involved include axonal transport, cytoskeleton dynamics, myelination abnormalities, membrane trafficking, organelle morphogenesis, ER homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy deregulation. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of the shared pathogenetic mechanisms in various forms of HSPs. By examining disease-causing gene products and their associated functional pathways, this understanding could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the development of treatments to modify the progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Investigating gene functionality is crucial for identifying shared pathogenetic pathways underlying different HSP subtypes. Categorizing protein function and identifying pathways aids in finding biomarkers, predicting early onset, and guiding treatment for a better quality of life. Targeting shared mechanisms enables efficient and cost-effective therapies. Prospects involve identifying new disease-causing genes, refining molecular processes, and implementing findings in diagnosis, key for advancing HSP understanding and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Moore KM, Wolf NI, Hobson G, Bowyer K, McSherry J, Hartin G, Wilde C, Shapiro S, Frank J, Manley D, Junge C. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: A Caregiver Assessment of Disease Impact. J Child Neurol 2023; 38:78-84. [PMID: 36744386 DOI: 10.1177/08830738231152658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is a rare X-linked leukodystrophy accompanied by central nervous system hypomyelination with a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. This is the first survey of caregivers of individuals with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease to investigate the presenting symptoms, path to diagnosis, identity and impact of most bothersome symptoms, and needs that future treatment should address. One hundred participants completed the survey. Results from this survey demonstrate that the majority of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease symptoms manifest before 2 years of age and commonly include deficits in gross and fine motor skills, speech, and communication. Caregivers rated difficulty crawling, standing, or walking as the most bothersome symptoms due to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, with constipation and difficulty with sleep, manual dexterity, and speech and communication rated nearly as high. The most important treatment goals for caregivers were improved mobility and communication. The survey findings present a caregiver perspective of the impact of symptoms in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and provide helpful guidance to affected families, physicians, and drug developers on the often-long path to diagnosis and the unmet medical needs of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grace Hobson
- Department of Research, Nemours Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Frank
- ClarityCo Strategic Group, West Chester, PA, USA
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Ji T, Li D, Wu Y, Xiao J, Ji H, Wu X, Wang J, Jiang Y. Identification of GJC2 gene mutations in Chinese patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:32-38. [PMID: 27057822 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.16.04451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and genetic features were analyzed in five pedigrees with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease (PMLD) to provide bases for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Six patients from five pedigrees were diagnosed with PMLD based on their clinical data. Six GJC2 novel mutations were found in this study, expanding the spectrum of GJC2 mutations. This is the second group of GJC2 mutations reported from six Chinese patients with PMLD. METHODS Clinical data including medical history, physical signs, and auxiliary examinations were collected from six patients and their family numbers in five pedigrees with PMLD. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis were used to amplify GJC2 and PLP1 alterations, while multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed to detect PLP1 dosage changes. The gene mutations were diagnosed for further analysis of the genetic features. RESULTS A total of seven GJC2 mutations were identified in these patients, including two novel missense mutations (c.217C>T, p.Pro73Ser; c.1199C>A, p.Ala400Glu), one nonsense mutation (c.735C>A, p.Cys245X), three novel frameshift mutations (c.579delC, p.Gly193fsX17 and c.1296_1297insG, p.Gly433fsX59; c.689delG, p.Gly230AlafsX241), and one known missense mutation (c.814T>G, p.Tyr272Asp). Compound heterozygotes were found for P1-3, while homozygotes were found for P4-6 that were inherited from their parents with normal phenotypes except for P5 and P6, respectively. The c.814T>G (p.Tyr272Asp) mutation in P5 was de novo. A c.1199C>A (p.Ala400Glu) homozygous mutation in GJC2 was identified in P6. A heterozygous variation was found in his father and the wild type was seen in his mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyun Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiru Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China -
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Akbari M, Ebrahimi Tapeh Z, Zaersabet M, Rahimi H, Ganji M. Novel pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) mutation in an Iranian patient with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: findings of molecular and in silico investigations. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) is a specific group of leukodystrophies and is characterized by progressive postnatal growth delay that represents a type of clinically overlapping but genetically heterogeneous diseases with autosomal recessive inheritance. Loss-of-function mutations in PYCR2 are one of the main causes of HLD type 10 (HLD10), which is identified by cerebral hypomyelination, inadequate growth, brain atrophy, and movement abnormality. This study aimed to investigate the molecular etiology of HLD10 disorder in an Iranian patient from a consanguineous marriage family.
Results
The DNA samples were extracted from the patient, a 9-year-old girl, and her parents. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted for these samples and the results were eventually confirmed and segregated via Sanger sequencing. Our findings demonstrated a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in PYCR2 gene, c.135dup (NM_013328.4). The heterozygous state of this variant was confirmed in parents. Additionally, this mutation was predicted to exhibit damaging effects through protein sequence alteration.
Conclusions
Such findings are of importance for understanding the underlying pathogenicity mechanisms and for improving genetic counseling knowledge of HLD patients for families.
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11
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Patyal P, Fil D, Hamdan H, Wight PA. PLP1-lacZ transgenic mice reveal that splice variants containing "human-specific" exons are relatively minor in comparison to the archetypal transcript and that an upstream regulatory element bolsters expression during early postnatal brain development. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1087145. [PMID: 36713780 PMCID: PMC9875078 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1087145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of what is known about the mechanisms that control the developmental expression of the myelin proteolipid protein gene (PLP1) has been attained through use of transgenic animal models. In this study, we analyzed expression of related transgenes which utilize PLP1 genomic DNA from either human or mouse to drive expression of a lacZ reporter. Human PLP1 (hPLP1) sequence span either the proximal 6.2 or 2.7 kb of 5'-flanking DNA to an internal site in Exon 2, while those from mouse comprise the proximal 2.3 kb of 5'-flanking DNA to an analogous site in Exon 2. Transgenes with hPLP1 sequence were named, in part, to the amount of upstream sequence they have [6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL and 2.7hPLP(+)Z]. The transgene containing mouse sequence is referred to here as mPLP(+)Z, to denote the species origin of PLP1 DNA. Mice which harbor the 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL transgene were used as a model system to investigate the developmental expression of splice variants that incorporate supplementary exons from what is classically defined as PLP1 intron 1. While expression of the splice variants were detected in brain through RT-PCR analysis, they are present at much lower levels relative to the archetypal (classic) transcript. Additionally, we show that mice which harbor the 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL transgene demonstrate wide-ranging expression throughout brain at P2, whereas expression of mPLP(+)Z is quite limited at this age. Therefore, we generated new transgenic mouse lines with the 2.7hPLP(+)Z transgene, which contains hPLP1 sequence orthologous to just that in mPLP(+)Z. Of the seven lines analyzed, six showed higher levels of 2.7hPLP(+)Z expression in brain at P21 compared to P2; the other line expressed the transgene, only weakly, at either age. This trend, coupled with the robust expression observed for 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL at P2, suggests that the distal 3.5 kb of 5'-flanking PLP1 DNA specific to 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL contains regulatory element(s) important for promoting early postnatal expression in brain.
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12
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Fink JK. The hereditary spastic paraplegias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:59-88. [PMID: 37620092 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of more than 90 genetic disorders in which lower extremity spasticity and weakness are either the primary neurologic impairments ("uncomplicated HSP") or when accompanied by other neurologic deficits ("complicated HSP"), important features of the clinical syndrome. Various genetic types of HSP are inherited such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and maternal (mitochondrial) traits. Symptoms that begin in early childhood may be nonprogressive and resemble spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Symptoms that begin later, typically progress insidiously over a number of years. Genetic testing is able to confirm the diagnosis for many subjects. Insights from gene discovery indicate that abnormalities in diverse molecular processes underlie various forms of HSP, including disturbance in axon transport, endoplasmic reticulum morphogenesis, vesicle transport, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Pathologic studies in "uncomplicated" HSP have shown axon degeneration particularly involving the distal ends of corticospinal tracts and dorsal column fibers. Treatment is limited to symptom reduction including amelioration of spasticity, reducing urinary urgency, proactive physical therapy including strengthening, stretching, balance, and agility exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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13
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Younger DS. Neurogenetic motor disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:183-250. [PMID: 37562870 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of neurogenetics have practical applications in rapid diagnosis on blood and body fluids to extract DNA, obviating the need for invasive investigations. The ability to obtain a presymptomatic diagnosis through genetic screening and biomarkers can be a guide to life-saving disease-modifying therapy or enzyme replacement therapy to compensate for the deficient disease-causing enzyme. The benefits of a comprehensive neurogenetic evaluation extend to family members in whom identification of the causal gene defect ensures carrier detection and at-risk counseling for future generations. This chapter explores the many facets of the neurogenetic evaluation in adult and pediatric motor disorders as a primer for later chapters in this volume and a roadmap for the future applications of genetics in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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14
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Leucoencefalopatie ereditarie e leucodistrofie dell’adulto. Neurologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(22)47096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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15
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Khalaf G, Mattern C, Begou M, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Massaad C, Massaad-Massade L. Mutation of Proteolipid Protein 1 Gene: From Severe Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy to Inherited Spastic Paraplegia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071709. [PMID: 35885014 PMCID: PMC9313024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus–Merzbacher Disease (PMD) is an inherited leukodystrophy affecting the central nervous system (CNS)—a rare disorder that especially concerns males. Its estimated prevalence is 1.45–1.9 per 100,000 individuals in the general population. Patients affected by PMD exhibit a drastic reduction or absence of myelin sheaths in the white matter areas of the CNS. The Proteolipid Protein 1 (PLP1) gene encodes a transmembrane proteolipid protein. PLP1 is the major protein of myelin, and it plays a key role in the compaction, stabilization, and maintenance of myelin sheaths. Its function is predominant in oligodendrocyte development and axonal survival. Mutations in the PLP1 gene cause the development of a wide continuum spectrum of leukopathies from the most severe form of PMD for whom patients exhibit severe CNS hypomyelination to the relatively mild late-onset type 2 spastic paraplegia, leading to the concept of PLP1-related disorders. The genetic diversity and the biochemical complexity, along with other aspects of PMD, are discussed to reveal the obstacles that hinder the development of treatments. This review aims to provide a clinical and mechanistic overview of this spectrum of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Khalaf
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
| | | | - Mélina Begou
- Neuro-Dol, CNRS, Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- UMR 1141, INSERM, NeuroDiderot Université Paris Cité and APH-P, Neuropédiatrie, French Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, LEUKOFRANCE, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Charbel Massaad
- UMRS 1124, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (L.M.-M.);Tel.: +33-1-49-59-18-30 (L.M.-M.)
| | - Liliane Massaad-Massade
- U1195 Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (L.M.-M.);Tel.: +33-1-49-59-18-30 (L.M.-M.)
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16
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Joshi S, Semwal D, Nema NK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3143-3180. [PMID: 35790042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis-mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF-kB, Nrf2-ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.,R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Joshi
- R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Semwal
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- Paramount Kumkum Private Limited, Prestige Meridian-1, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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17
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Hassan A, Mir YR, Kuchay RAH. Ocular findings and genomics of X-linked recessive disorders: A review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2386-2396. [PMID: 35791118 PMCID: PMC9426149 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_252_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Advent of new sequencing technologies and modern diagnostic procedures has opened the door for a deeper understanding of disorders about which little was known previously. Discovery of novel genes, new genetic variants in previously known genes and better techniques of functional validation has immensely contributed to unraveling the molecular basis of genetic disorders. Availability of knockout animal models like the zebrafish and gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 has elucidated the function of many new genes and helped us to better understand the functional consequences of various gene defects. This has also led to better diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. In this context, a good body of research work has been done on X-linked recessive disorders with ocular findings. This review will focus on ocular and genetic findings of these rare disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review encompassing ocular and genomic spectrum of X-linked recessive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Hassan
- Department of Health and Medical Education, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yaser R Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Raja A H Kuchay
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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18
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Duan R, Ji H, Yan H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li D, Cao B, Gu Q, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Li M, Wang J. Genotype-phenotype correlation and natural history analyses in a Chinese cohort with pelizaeus-merzbacher disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:137. [PMID: 35346287 PMCID: PMC8962489 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history and genotype-phenotype correlation of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) of Chinese patients has been rarely reported. METHOD Patients who met the criteria for PMD were enrolled in our study. Genomic analysis was conducted by multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) and Sanger or whole-exome sequencing (WES). Natural history differences and genotype-phenotype correlations were analyzed. RESULT A total of 111 patients were enrolled in our follow-up study. The median follow-up interval was 53 m (1185). Among PMD patients, developmental delay was the most common sign, and nystagmus and hypotonia were the most common initial symptoms observed. A total of 78.4% of the patients were able to control their head, and 72.1% could speak words. However, few of the patients could stand (9.0%) or walk (4.5%) by themselves. Nystagmus improved in more than half of the patients, and hypotonia sometimes deteriorated to movement disorders. More PLP1 point mutations patients were categorized into severe group, while more patients with PLP1 duplications were categorized into mild group (p < 0.001). Compared to patients in mild groups, those in the severe group had earlier disease onset and had acquired fewer skills at a later age. CONCLUSION PMD patients have early disease onset with nystagmus and hypotonia followed by decreased nystagmus and movement disorders, such as spasticit. Patients with PLP1 duplication were more likely to be categorized into the mild group, whereas patients with point mutations were more likely to be categorized into the severe group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Haoran Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Children's Development and Rehabilitation, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Binbin Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Department of Children's Development and Rehabilitation, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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19
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Practical Genetics for the Neuroradiologist: Adding Value in Neurogenetic Disease. Acad Radiol 2022; 29 Suppl 3:S1-S27. [PMID: 33495073 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic discoveries have transformed our understanding of many neurologic diseases. Identification of specific causal pathogenic variants has improved understanding of pathophysiology and enabled replacement of many confusing eponyms and acronyms with more meaningful and clinically relevant genetics-based terminology. In this era of rapid scientific advancement, multidisciplinary collaboration among pediatricians, neurologists, geneticists, radiologists, and other members of the health care team is increasingly important in the care of patients with genetic neurologic diseases. Radiologists familiar with neurogenetic disease add value by (1) recognizing constellations of characteristic imaging findings that are associated with a genetic disease before one is clinically suspected; (2) predicting the most likely genotypes for a given imaging phenotype in clinically suspected genetic disease; and (3) providing detailed and accurate descriptions of the imaging phenotype in challenging cases with unknown or uncertain genotypes. This review aims to increase awareness and understanding of pathogenic variants relating to neurologic disease by (1) briefly reviewing foundational knowledge of chromosomes, inheritance patterns, and mutagenesis; (2) providing concrete examples of and detailed information about specific neurologic diseases resulting from pathogenic variants; and (3) highlighting clinical and imaging features that are of greatest relevance for the radiologist.
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20
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Yoshii D, Ayaki T, Wada T, Ozaki A, Yamamoto T, Miyagi Y, Senzaki H, Takahashi R. An autopsy case of adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease with perivascular preservation in cerebral white matter. Neuropathology 2021; 42:66-73. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yoshii
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Takafumi Wada
- Department of Neurology Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Neurology Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Toru Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miyagi
- Department of Pathology Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Hideto Senzaki
- Department of Pathology Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
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21
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Genomic Aberrations Associated with the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092317. [PMID: 34571966 PMCID: PMC8470284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies are increasingly revealing that neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by underlying genomic alterations. Chromosomal microarray testing has been used to reliably detect minute changes in genomic copy numbers. The genes located in the aberrated regions identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders may be associated with the phenotypic features. In such cases, haploinsufficiency is considered to be the mechanism, when the deletion of a gene is related to neurodevelopmental delay. The loss-of-function mutation in such genes may be evaluated using next-generation sequencing. On the other hand, the patients with increased copy numbers of the genes may exhibit different clinical symptoms compared to those with loss-of-function mutation in the genes. In such cases, the additional copies of the genes are considered to have a dominant negative effect, inducing cell stress. In other cases, not the copy number changes, but mutations of the genes are responsible for causing the clinical symptoms. This can be explained by the dominant negative effects of the gene mutations. Currently, the diagnostic yield of genomic alterations using comprehensive analysis is less than 50%, indicating the existence of more subtle alterations or genomic changes in the untranslated regions. Copy-neutral inversions and insertions may be related. Hence, better analytical algorithms specialized for the detection of such alterations are required for higher diagnostic yields.
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22
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Szűcs Z, Fitala R, Nyuzó ÁR, Fodor K, Czemmel É, Vrancsik N, Bessenyei M, Szabó T, Szakszon K, Balogh I. Four New Cases of Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy Associated with the UFM1 c.-155_-153delTCA Founder Mutation in Pediatric Patients of Roma Descent in Hungary. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091331. [PMID: 34573312 PMCID: PMC8471165 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ufmylation is a relatively newly discovered type of post-translational modification when the ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) protein is covalently attached to its target proteins in a three-step enzymatic reaction involving an E1 activating enzyme (UBA5), E2 conjugating enzyme (UFC1), and E3 ligase enzyme (UFL1). The process of ufmylation is essential for normal brain development and function in humans. Mutations in the UFM1 gene are associated with Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 14, presenting with global developmental delay, failure to thrive, progressive microcephaly, refractive epilepsy, and hypomyelination, with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum phenotypes. The c.-155_-153delTCA deletion in the promoter region of UFM1 is considered to be a founding mutation in the Roma population. Here we present four index patients with homozygous UFM1:c.-155_-153delTCA mutation detected by next-generation sequencing (whole genome/exome sequencing) or Sanger sequencing. This mutation may be more common in the Roma population than previously estimated, and the targeted testing of the UFM1:c.-155_-153delTCA mutation may have an indication in cases of hypomyelination and neurodegenerative clinical course in pediatric patients of Roma descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Szűcs
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Réka Fitala
- Velkey László Child Health Center, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Central Regional Hospital and University Educational Center, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary; (R.F.); (Á.R.N.); (K.F.)
| | - Ágnes Renáta Nyuzó
- Velkey László Child Health Center, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Central Regional Hospital and University Educational Center, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary; (R.F.); (Á.R.N.); (K.F.)
| | - Krisztina Fodor
- Velkey László Child Health Center, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Central Regional Hospital and University Educational Center, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary; (R.F.); (Á.R.N.); (K.F.)
| | - Éva Czemmel
- Neurodevelopmental Ward, St. Margaret Hospital, 1032 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Nóra Vrancsik
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Mónika Bessenyei
- Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.B.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.B.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.B.); (T.S.); (K.S.)
| | - István Balogh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Lee SJ, Kim TY, Hong S, Byun J, Cho SR. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease with PLP1 Exon 1 Duplication, Previously Misdiagnosed as Cerebral Palsy: a Case Report. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2021; 14:e20. [PMID: 36743429 PMCID: PMC9879495 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2021.14.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a X-linked recessive disorder with dysmyelination in central nervous system caused by proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene mutation. We report a case of PMD with PLP1 exon 1 duplication, previously misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy (CP). A 25-year-old male previously diagnosed as CP visited our clinic with progressive weakness and spasticity of bilateral lower limbs. Next generation sequencing revealed hemizygous duplication of exon 1 in PLP1. Additionally, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay of the patient's mother showed the same mutation, which could finally confirm the diagnosis as PMD. This patient received comprehensive rehabilitation program, and helped the patient to achieve functional improvement. Proper diagnosis and therapeutic plan will be needed for the patients with PMD, before diagnosing CP rashly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ji Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungbeen Hong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Justin Byun
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Deep intronic deletion in intron 3 of PLP1 is associated with a severe phenotype of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Hum Genome Var 2021; 8:14. [PMID: 33795668 PMCID: PMC8016919 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-021-00144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, altered PLP1 splicing was confirmed as a genetic cause of hypomyelination of early myelinating structures (HEMS). A novel deep intronic deletion in intron 3 of PLP1 (NM_000533.5: c.453+59_+259del) was identified, and an in vitro minigene assay detected abnormal splicing patterns. However, the clinical and radiological findings of the patient were compatible with a severe phenotype of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease rather than HEMS, which may be due to undetected abnormal PLP1 splicing.
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Xue H, Yu A, Chen X, Lin N, Lin M, Huang H, Xu L. Prenatal diagnosis of PLP1 duplication by single nucleotide polymorphism array in a family with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1488-1497. [PMID: 33429367 PMCID: PMC7835049 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A family with a history of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) received prenatal diagnosis of PLP1 gene duplication in a fetus using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A 27-year-old pregnant woman was referred for genetic counseling due to her four-year-old son being diagnosed with a suspected classic type of PMD. Amniocentesis was performed at 18 and 3/7 weeks of gestation, and the SNP array was carried out on DNA from the mother, her affected son, and fetus, then further confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Cytogenetic analysis of the fetus showed 46,XY. SNP array analysis revealed that the male fetus did not carry PLP1 gene duplication but the affected boy did, and the mother was a carrier for the duplication of the PLP1 gene. All SNP array results were further confirmed by MLPA. SNP array and MLPA analyses of peripheral blood verified the nonduplication of the PLP1 gene in the infant after birth. At present, the child (without PLP1 duplication) is developing normally. This study preliminarily suggests that SNP array is a sensitive and accurate technology for identifying PLP1 duplication and is feasible for reliable diagnosis, including for the prenatal diagnosis of PMD resulting from PLP1 duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Xue
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Gulou, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Aili Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Gulou, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Gulou, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Na Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Gulou, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Min Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Gulou, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Gulou, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Gulou, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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Di Bella D, Magri S, Benzoni C, Farina L, Maccagnano C, Sarto E, Moscatelli M, Baratta S, Ciano C, Piacentini SHMJ, Draghi L, Mauro E, Pareyson D, Gellera C, Taroni F, Salsano E. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies in adults: Clinical and genetic features. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:934-944. [PMID: 33190326 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate HLD occurrence, clinical features, and etiology among undefined leukoencephalopathies in adulthood. METHODS We recruited the patients with cerebral hypomyelinating magnetic resonance imaging pattern (mild T2 hyperintensity with normal or near-normal T1 signal) from our cohort of 62 adult index cases with undefined leukoencephalopathies, reviewed their clinical features, and used a leukoencephalopathy-targeted next generation sequencing panel. RESULTS We identified 25/62 patients (~40%) with hypomyelination. Cardinal manifestations were spastic gait and varying degree of cognitive impairment. Etiology was determined in 44% (definite, 10/25; likely, 1/25). Specifically, we found pathogenic variants in the POLR3A (n = 2), POLR1C (n = 1), RARS1 (n = 1), and TUBB4A (n = 1) genes, which are typically associated with severe early-onset HLDs, and in the GJA1 gene (n = 1), which is associated with oculodentodigital dysplasia. Duplication of a large chromosome X region encompassing PLP1 and a pathogenic GJC2 variant were found in two patients, both females, with early-onset HLDs persisting into adulthood. Finally, we found likely pathogenic variants in PEX3 (n = 1) and PEX13 (n = 1) and potentially relevant variants of unknown significance in TBCD (n = 1), which are genes associated with severe, early-onset diseases with central hypomyelination/dysmyelination. CONCLUSIONS A hypomyelinating pattern characterizes a relevant number of undefined leukoencephalopathies in adulthood. A comprehensive genetic screening allows definite diagnosis in about half of patients, and demonstrates the involvement of many disease-causing genes, including genes associated with severe early-onset HLDs, and genes causing peroxisome biogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Bella
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Benzoni
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Maccagnano
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sarto
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Moscatelli
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Baratta
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciano
- Unit of Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lara Draghi
- Unit of Neuropsychology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Mauro
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Salsano
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Neuroscience PhD Program, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Li L, Shi Y. When glia meet induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 109:103565. [PMID: 33068719 PMCID: PMC10506562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of glial cells, mainly astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, in the central nervous system (CNS) has been increasingly appreciated. Recent advances have demonstrated the diversity of glial cells and their contribution to human CNS development, normal CNS functions, and disease progression. The uniqueness of human glial cells is also supported by multiple lines of evidence. With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the progress of generating glial cells from human iPSCs, there are numerous studies to model CNS diseases using human iPSC-derived glial cells. Here we summarize the basic characteristics of glial cells, with the focus on their classical functions, heterogeneity, and uniqueness in human species. We further review the findings from recent studies that use iPSC-derived glial cells for CNS disease modeling. We conclude with promises and future directions of using iPSC-derived glial cells for CNS disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Ikemoto S, Hamano SI, Kikuchi K, Koichihara R, Hirata Y, Matsuura R, Hiraide T, Nakashima M, Inoue K, Kurosawa K, Saitsu H. A recurrent TMEM106B mutation in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: A rapid diagnostic assay. Brain Dev 2020; 42:603-606. [PMID: 32595021 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) are genetically heterogeneous syndromes, presenting abnormalities in myelin development in the central nervous system. Recently, a recurrent de novo mutation in TMEM106B was identified to be responsible for five cases of HLD. We report the first Japanese case of TMEM106B gene mutation. CASE STUDY A 3-year-old patient presented with nystagmus and muscle hypotonia in his neonatal period, followed by delayed psychomotor development. Brain magnetic resonance images showed delayed myelination. Wave III and subsequent components were not presented by his auditory brainstem response. These features were similar to those observed in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). METHODS Proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene screening, Mendelian disease panel exome, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were sequentially performed. RESULTS After excluding mutations in either PLP1 or other known HLD genes, WES identified a mutation c.754G > A, p.(Asp252Asn) in TMEM106B, which appeared to occur de novo, as shown by Sanger sequencing and SalI restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products. DISCUSSION This is the sixth case of HLD with a TMEM106B mutation. All six cases harbored the same variant. This specific TMEM106B mutation should be investigated when a patient shows PMD-like features without PLP1 mutation. Our PCR-SalI digestion assay may serve as a tool for rapid HLD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ikemoto
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hamano
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department for Child Health and Human Development, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kikuchi
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Reiko Koichihara
- Department for Child Health and Human Development, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirata
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Ryuki Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-8777, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Takuya Hiraide
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Schmidt JL, Pizzino A, Nicholl J, Foley A, Wang Y, Rosenfeld JA, Mighion L, Bean L, da Silva C, Cho MT, Truty R, Garcia J, Speare V, Blanco K, Powis Z, Hobson GM, Kirwin S, Krock B, Lee H, Deignan JL, Westemeyer MA, Subaran RL, Thiffault I, Tsai EA, Fang T, Helman G, Vanderver A. Estimating the relative frequency of leukodystrophies and recommendations for carrier screening in the era of next-generation sequencing. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1906-1912. [PMID: 32573057 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of heritable disorders characterized by abnormal brain white matter signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and primary involvement of the cellular components of myelin. Previous estimates suggest the incidence of leukodystrophies as a whole to be 1 in 7,000 individuals, however the frequency of specific diagnoses relative to others has not been described. Next generation sequencing approaches offer the opportunity to redefine our understanding of the relative frequency of different leukodystrophies. We assessed the relative frequency of all 30 leukodystrophies (associated with 55 genes) in more than 49,000 exomes. We identified a relatively high frequency of disorders previously thought of as very rare, including Aicardi Goutières Syndrome, TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy, Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, POLR3-related Leukodystrophy, Vanishing White Matter, and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Despite the relative frequency of these conditions, carrier-screening laboratories regularly test only 20 of the 55 leukodystrophy-related genes, and do not test at all, or test only one or a few, genes for some of the higher frequency disorders. Relative frequency of leukodystrophies previously considered very rare suggests these disorders may benefit from expanded carrier screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Pizzino
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Allison Foley
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoe Powis
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Grace M Hobson
- Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Susan Kirwin
- Nemours/Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Bryan Krock
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua L Deignan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Guy Helman
- Murdoch Children' Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sobel RA, Eaton MJ, Jaju PD, Lowry E, Hinojoza JR. Anti-Myelin Proteolipid Protein Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies Recognize Cell Surface Proteins on Developing Neurons and Inhibit Their Differentiation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:819-843. [PMID: 31400116 PMCID: PMC6703999 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides, we found that in addition to CNS myelin, mAbs to external face but not cytoplasmic face epitopes immunostained neurons in immature human CNS tissues and in adult hippocampal dentate gyrus and olfactory bulbs, that is neural stem cell niches (NSCN). To explore the pathobiological significance of these observations, we assessed the mAb effects on neurodifferentiation in vitro. The mAbs to PLP 50-69 (IgG1κ and IgG2aκ), and 178-191 and 200-219 (both IgG1κ) immunostained live cell surfaces and inhibited neurite outgrowth of E18 rat hippocampal precursor cells and of PC12 cells, which do not express PLP. Proteins immunoprecipitated from PC12 cell extracts and captured by mAb-coated magnetic beads were identified by GeLC-MS/MS. Each neurite outgrowth-inhibiting mAb captured a distinct set of neurodifferentiation molecules including sequence-similar M6 proteins and other unrelated membrane and extracellular matrix proteins, for example integrins, Eph receptors, NCAM-1, and protocadherins. These molecules are expressed in adult human NSCN and are implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic CNS disease processes. Thus, diverse anti-PLP epitope autoantibodies may inhibit neuronal precursor cell differentiation via multispecific recognition of cell surface molecules thereby potentially impeding endogenous neuroregeneration in NSCN and in vivo differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Sobel
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mary Jane Eaton
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Prajakta Dilip Jaju
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eugene Lowry
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julian R Hinojoza
- Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Rahimi Bidgoli MM, Javanparast L, Rohani M, Najmabadi H, Zamani B, Alavi A. CAPN1 and hereditary spastic paraplegia: a novel variant in an Iranian family and overview of the genotype-phenotype correlation. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:962-974. [PMID: 32352326 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1763344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SPG76 is one of the rare forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) which causes by mutations in the CAPN1 gene. The mode of inheritance of SPG76 is autosomal recessive (AR) and so far, only 24 families and 25 mutations in this gene have been reported worldwide. These mutations have been associated with a spectrum of disorders from pure HSP to spastic ataxia. HSP genetically is one of the most heterogeneous neurological disorders and to date, 79 types of HSP (SPG1-SPG79) have been identified, however, it has been suggested that many HSP-genes, particularly in AR-HSPs, remained unknown. AR-HSPs clinically overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders, making an accurate diagnosis of the disease difficult. Therefore, in addition to clinical examination, a high throughout genetic method like whole exome sequencing (WES) may be necessary for the diagnosis of this type of neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we present the clinical features and results of WES in the first Iranian family with a novel CAPN1 variant, c.C853T:p.R285* and pure HSP. CONCLUSION Some of the previous studies have mentioned that the "spasticity-ataxia phenotype might be conducted to the diagnosis of SPG76" but recently the number of pure HSP patients with CAPN1 mutation is increasing. The present study also expands the mutation spectrum of pure CAPN1-related SPG76; emphasizing that CAPN1 screening is required in both pure HSP and spasticity-ataxia phenotypes. As noted in some other literature, we suggest the clinical spectrum of this disorder to be considered as "CAPN1-associated neurodegeneration".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Javanparast
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Zamani
- Neurology Department, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kim KP, Yoon J, Shin B, Röpke A, Han DW, Schöler HR. Generation of a human iPSC line (MPIi006-A) from a patient with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101839. [PMID: 32446239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) line (MPIi006-A) from fibroblasts of a 20-year-old male Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) patient with a hemizygous 643C>T mutation in proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene using a retroviral delivery of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. The MPIi006-A iPSC line carried the mutation, displayed typical iPSC morphology, expressed pluripotent stem cell makers, exhibited normal karyotype and were capable of differentiating into cells representative of three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Juyong Yoon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Borami Shin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Albrecht Röpke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Dong Wook Han
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 3, Münster 48149, Germany.
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33
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Yang L, Yang Y, Yuan J, Sun Y, Dai J, Su B. Transcriptomic Landscape of von Economo Neurons in Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex Revealed by Microdissected-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:838-851. [PMID: 30535007 PMCID: PMC6319179 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Economo neurons (VENs) are specialized large bipolar projection neurons with restricted distribution in the human brain, and they are far more abundant in humans than in non-human primates. However, VEN functions remain elusive due to the difficulty of isolating VENs and dissecting their connections in the brain. Here, we combined laser-capture-microdissection with RNA sequencing to describe the transcriptomic profile of VENs from human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Using pyramidal neurons as reference cells, we identified 344 genes with VEN-associated expression differences, including 215 higher and 129 lower expression genes. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction network analyses showed that these genes with VEN-associated expression differences are involved in VEN morphogenesis and functions, such as dendrite branching and axon myelination, and many of them are associated with human social-emotional disorders. With the use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assays, we validated four novel VEN markers (VAT1L, CHST8, LYPD1, and SULF2). Collectively, we generated a full-spectrum expression profile of VENs from human ACC, greatly enlarging the pool of genes with VEN-associated expression differences that can help researchers to understand the role of VENs in normal and disordered human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yandong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamiao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Sarret C. Leukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies in children. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Distinct patterns of complex rearrangements and a mutational signature of microhomeology are frequently observed in PLP1 copy number gain structural variants. Genome Med 2019; 11:80. [PMID: 31818324 PMCID: PMC6902434 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the features of the genomic rearrangements in a cohort of 50 male individuals with proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) copy number gain events who were ascertained with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD; MIM: 312080). We then compared our new data to previous structural variant mutagenesis studies involving the Xq22 region of the human genome. The aggregate data from 159 sequenced join-points (discontinuous sequences in the reference genome that are joined during the rearrangement process) were studied. Analysis of these data from 150 individuals enabled the spectrum and relative distribution of the underlying genomic mutational signatures to be delineated. METHODS Genomic rearrangements in PMD individuals with PLP1 copy number gain events were investigated by high-density customized array or clinical chromosomal microarray analysis and breakpoint junction sequence analysis. RESULTS High-density customized array showed that the majority of cases (33/50; ~ 66%) present with single duplications, although complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) are also frequent (17/50; ~ 34%). Breakpoint mapping to nucleotide resolution revealed further previously unknown structural and sequence complexities, even in single duplications. Meta-analysis of all studied rearrangements that occur at the PLP1 locus showed that single duplications were found in ~ 54% of individuals and that, among all CGR cases, triplication flanked by duplications is the most frequent CGR array CGH pattern observed. Importantly, in ~ 32% of join-points, there is evidence for a mutational signature of microhomeology (highly similar yet imperfect sequence matches). CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a high frequency of CGRs at the PLP1 locus and support the assertion that replication-based mechanisms are prominent contributors to the formation of CGRs at Xq22. We propose that microhomeology can facilitate template switching, by stabilizing strand annealing of the primer using W-C base complementarity, and is a mutational signature for replicative repair.
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Remerand G, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Tonduti D, Touraine R, Rodriguez D, Curie A, Perreton N, Des Portes V, Sarret C. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome in patients with SLC16A2 mutations. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:1439-1447. [PMID: 31410843 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to redefine the phenotype of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), which is caused by mutations in the SLC16A2 gene that encodes the brain transporter of thyroid hormones. Clinical phenotypes, brain imaging, thyroid hormone profiles, and genetic data were compared to the existing literature. Twenty-four males aged 11 months to 29 years had a mutation in SLC16A2, including 12 novel mutations and five previously described mutations. Sixteen patients presented with profound developmental delay, three had severe intellectual disability with poor language and walking with an aid, four had moderate intellectual disability with language and walking abilities, and one had mild intellectual disability with hypotonia. Overall, eight had learned to walk, all had hypotonia, 17 had spasticity, 18 had dystonia, 12 had choreoathetosis, 19 had hypomyelination, and 10 had brain atrophy. Kyphoscoliosis (n=12), seizures (n=7), and pneumopathies (n=5) were the most severe complications. This study extends the phenotypic spectrum of AHDS to a mild intellectual disability with hypotonia. Developmental delay, hypotonia, hypomyelination, and thyroid hormone profile help to diagnose patients. Clinical course depends on initial severity, with stable acquisition after infancy; this may be adversely affected by neuro-orthopaedic, pulmonary, and epileptic complications. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Mild intellectual disability is associated with SLC16A2 mutations. A thyroid hormone profile with a free T3 /T4 ratio higher than 0.75 can help diagnose patients. Patients with SLC16A2 mutations present a broad spectrum of neurological phenotypes that are also observed in other hypomyelinating disorders. Axial hypotonia is a consistent feature of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome and leads to specific complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganaelle Remerand
- Centre de Compétence des Leucodystrophies et Leucoencéphalopathies de Cause Rare, Pôle Femme et Enfant, Hôpital Estaing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Centre de Référence des Leucodystrophies et Leucoencéphalopathies de Cause Rare, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,NeuroDiderot, INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Unit of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Child Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, GRC no. 19, Pathologies Congénitales du Cervelet-LeucoDystrophies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Curie
- Centre de Référence des Déficiences Intellectuelles de Cause Rare, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Perreton
- CIC 1407Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Des Portes
- Centre de Référence des Déficiences Intellectuelles de Cause Rare, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Centre de Compétence des Leucodystrophies et Leucoencéphalopathies de Cause Rare, Pôle Femme et Enfant, Hôpital Estaing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,IGCNC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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37
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The wmN1 Enhancer Region of the Mouse Myelin Proteolipid Protein Gene (mPlp1) is Indispensable for Expression of an mPlp1-lacZ Transgene in Both the CNS and PNS. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:663-671. [PMID: 31782102 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The myelin proteolipid protein gene (PLP1) encodes the most abundant protein in CNS myelin. Expression of the gene must be strictly regulated, as evidenced by human X-linked leukodystrophies resulting from variations in PLP1 copy number, including elevated dosages as well as deletions. Recently, we showed that the wmN1 region in human PLP1 (hPLP1) intron 1 is required to promote high levels of an hPLP1-lacZ transgene in mice, using a Cre-lox approach. The current study tests whether loss of the wmN1 region from a related transgene containing mouse Plp1 (mPlp1) DNA produces similar results. In addition, we investigated the effects of loss of another region (ASE) in mPlp1 intron 1. Previous studies have shown that the ASE is required to promote high levels of mPlp1-lacZ expression by transfection analysis, but had no effect when removed from the native gene in mouse. Whether this is due to compensation by another regulatory element in mPlp1 that was not included in the mPlp1-lacZ constructs, or to differences in methodology, is unclear. Two transgenic mouse lines were generated that harbor mPLP(+)Z/FL. The parental transgene utilizes mPlp1 sequences (proximal 2.3 kb of 5'-flanking DNA to the first 37 bp of exon 2) to drive expression of a lacZ reporter cassette. Here we demonstrate that mPLP(+)Z/FL is expressed in oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, olfactory ensheathing cells and neurons in brain, and Schwann cells in sciatic nerve. Loss of the wmN1 region from the parental transgene abolished expression, whereas removal of the ASE had no effect.
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38
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Hijazi H, Coelho FS, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Bernardini L, Mar SS, Manning MA, Hanson-Kahn A, Naidu S, Srivastava S, Lee JA, Jones JR, Friez MJ, Alberico T, Torres B, Fang P, Cheung SW, Song X, Davis-Williams A, Jornlin C, Wight PA, Patyal P, Taube J, Poretti A, Inoue K, Zhang F, Pehlivan D, Carvalho CMB, Hobson GM, Lupski JR. Xq22 deletions and correlation with distinct neurological disease traits in females: Further evidence for a contiguous gene syndrome. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:150-168. [PMID: 31448840 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Xq22 deletions that encompass PLP1 (Xq22-PLP1-DEL) are notable for variable expressivity of neurological disease traits in females ranging from a mild late-onset form of spastic paraplegia type 2 (MIM# 312920), sometimes associated with skewed X-inactivation, to an early-onset neurological disease trait (EONDT) of severe developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral abnormalities. Size and gene content of Xq22-PLP1-DEL vary and were proposed as potential molecular etiologies underlying variable expressivity in carrier females where two smallest regions of overlap (SROs) were suggested to influence disease. We ascertained a cohort of eight unrelated patients harboring Xq22-PLP1-DEL and performed high-density array comparative genomic hybridization and breakpoint-junction sequencing. Molecular characterization of Xq22-PLP1-DEL from 17 cases (eight herein and nine published) revealed an overrepresentation of breakpoints that reside within repeats (11/17, ~65%) and the clustering of ~47% of proximal breakpoints in a genomic instability hotspot with characteristic non-B DNA density. These findings implicate a potential role for genomic architecture in stimulating the formation of Xq22-PLP1-DEL. The correlation of Xq22-PLP1-DEL gene content with neurological disease trait in female cases enabled refinement of the associated SROs to a single genomic interval containing six genes. Our data support the hypothesis that genes contiguous to PLP1 contribute to EONDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Hijazi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fernanda S Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Departmento de Biologia Geral, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Soe S Mar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Andrea Hanson-Kahn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - SakkuBai Naidu
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jennifer A Lee
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
| | - Julie R Jones
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
| | - Michael J Friez
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina
| | - Thomas Alberico
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Barbara Torres
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Ping Fang
- Clinical Genomics, WuXi NextCODE, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Angelique Davis-Williams
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Carly Jornlin
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Patricia A Wight
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Pankaj Patyal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer Taube
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Grace M Hobson
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hereditary myelopathies are very diverse genetic disorders, and many of them represent a widespread neurodegenerative process rather than isolated spinal cord dysfunction. This article reviews various types of inherited myelopathies, with emphasis on hereditary spastic paraplegias and spastic ataxias. RECENT FINDINGS The ever-growing number of myelopathy-causing genes and broadening of phenotype-genotype correlations makes the molecular diagnosis of inherited myelopathies a daunting task. This article emphasizes the main phenotypic clusters among inherited myelopathies that can facilitate the diagnostic process. This article focuses on newly identified genetic causes and the most important identifying clinical features that can aid the diagnosis, including the presence of a characteristic age of onset and additional neurologic signs such as leukodystrophy, thin corpus callosum, or amyotrophy. SUMMARY The exclusion of potentially treatable causes of myelopathy remains the most important diagnostic step. Syndromic diagnosis can be supported by molecular diagnosis, but the genetic diagnosis at present does not change the management. Moreover, a negative genetic test does not exclude the diagnosis of a hereditary myelopathy because comprehensive molecular testing is not yet available, and many disease-causing genes remain unknown.
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40
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Imaizumi T, Yamamoto-Shimojima K, Yamamoto T. Advantages of ddPCR in detection of PLP1 duplications. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2019; 8:198-202. [PMID: 31523598 PMCID: PMC6743437 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2019.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked, recessively inherited disorder associated with hypomyelination in the brain white matter. Mutations involving the proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1) located on Xq22.2 are responsible for PMD. PLP1 duplication is the major genetic abnormality in PMD patients. In this study, we utilized droplet-digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) as a potential method to detect PLP1 duplications. Samples from four PMD patients and one of their mothers were used as positive controls. They had been previously diagnosed as having an additional PLP1 copy by chromosomal microarray testing. Genomic copy number of PLP1 was analyzed in triplicate experiments and compared with reference genes XIST and AR on the X-chromosome, and RPP30 and RPPH1 on the autosomes. As a result, precise results were obtained for each triplicate procedure. Thus, we concluded that triplicate experiments are no longer necessary. Compared to other methods, including fluorescence in-situ hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, chromosomal microarray testing, and quantitative PCR, we were able to establish ddPCR results rapidly with very small amounts of DNA. In conclusion, we showed that ddPCR can be a potential diagnostic tool to confirm genomic copy number as a routine clinical application, including in prenatal diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Imaizumi
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto-Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. E-mail:
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41
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Owczarek-Lipska M, Mulahasanovic L, Obermaier CD, Hörtnagel K, Neubauer BA, Korenke GC, Biskup S, Neidhardt J. Novel mutations in the GJC2 gene associated with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher-like disease. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4507-4516. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Patel R, Kahana M. Anesthetic Management of a Pediatric Patient With Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Syndrome: A Case Report. A A Pract 2019; 11:351-352. [PMID: 29927760 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old pediatric patient with previously diagnosed Pelizaeus-Merzbacher syndrome presented for outpatient dental restoration. Given the infrequency of this demyelinating disorder, an anesthetic plan was tailored to address the patient's hypotonia and aspiration risk, as well as minimize potential complications including seizures, hemodynamic instability, and postoperative respiratory support. Multimodal analgesia, along with an appropriate ventilation strategy and normothermia, allowed the patient to successfully undergo a general anesthetic and be safely discharged home the same day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Patel
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Madelyn Kahana
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
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43
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Li H, Okada H, Suzuki S, Sakai K, Izumi H, Matsushima Y, Ichinohe N, Goto YI, Okada T, Inoue K. Gene suppressing therapy for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease using artificial microRNA. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125052. [PMID: 31092737 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number increase or decrease of certain dosage-sensitive genes may cause genetic diseases with distinct phenotypes, conceptually termed genomic disorders. The most common cause of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD), an X-linked hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, is genomic duplication encompassing the entire proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene. Although the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PLP1 duplication, which causes severe hypomyelination in the central nervous system, remain largely elusive, PLP1 overexpression is likely the fundamental cause of this devastating disease. Here, we investigated if adeno-associated virus-mediated (AAV-mediated) gene-specific suppression may serve as a potential cure for PMD by correcting quantitative aberrations in gene products. We developed an oligodendrocyte-specific Plp1 gene suppression therapy using artificial microRNA under the control of human CNP promoter in a self-complementary AAV (scAAV) platform. A single direct brain injection achieved widespread oligodendrocyte-specific Plp1 suppression in the white matter of WT mice. AAV treatment in Plp1-transgenic mice, a PLP1 duplication model, ameliorated cytoplasmic accumulation of Plp1, preserved mature oligodendrocytes from degradation, restored myelin structure and gene expression, and improved survival and neurological phenotypes. Together, our results provide evidence that AAV-mediated gene suppression therapy can serve as a potential cure for PMD resulting from PLP1 duplication and possibly for other genomic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Okada
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Suzuki
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Izumi
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsushima
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Drug screening for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease by quantifying the total levels and membrane localization of PLP1. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 20:100474. [PMID: 31110947 PMCID: PMC6510973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is caused by point mutations or copy number changes in the proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1). PLP1 is exclusively localized in the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes. Amino acid-substituted PLP1 protein is unable to fold properly and is subsequently degraded and/or restrictedly translated, resulting in a decrease in the PLP1 protein level and a failure to localize to the membrane. Furthermore, misfolded proteins increase the burden on the intracellular quality control system and trafficking, finally resulting in cell apoptosis. The objective of this study was to identify therapeutic chemicals for PMD by quantifying the total levels and membrane localization of PLP1. Method We established a cell line stably expressing PLP1A243V fused with green fluorescent protein in oligodendrocyte-derived MO3.13 cells. We screened a chemical library composed of drugs approved for central nervous system disorders that increased both the total intensity of PLP1A243V in the whole cell and the cell membrane localization. We analyzed the change in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the gene expression of candidate chemicals using a micro-array analysis. Finally, we tested the in vivo effectiveness using myelin synthesis deficient (msd) mice with PlpA243V. Results and conclusion Piracetam significantly increased the PLP1A243V intensity and membrane localization and decreased the ER stress. It was also shown to reverse the gene expression changes induced by PLP1A243V in a micro-array analysis. However, in vivo treatment of piracetam did not improve the survival of msd mice (Plp1A243V).
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Key Words
- CNS, Central nervous systems
- Drug screening
- EGFP, Enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ER, Endoplasmic reticulum
- ER-associated degradation
- Gene expression
- IPA, Ingenuity pathways analysis
- IRE1 α, Inositol requiring enzyme 1 α
- Membrane protein
- Oligodendrocyte
- PLP1
- PLP1, Proteolipid protein 1
- PMD, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
- UPR, Unfolded protein response
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- msd, Myelin synthesis deficient
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Yamamoto-Shimojima K, Imaizumi T, Aoki Y, Inoue K, Kaname T, Okuno Y, Muramatsu H, Kato K, Yamamoto T. Elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism and potential treatment strategy for a female patient with spastic paraplegia derived from a single-nucleotide deletion in PLP1. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:665-671. [PMID: 31004103 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by abnormalities in the gene PLP1. Most females harboring heterozygous PLP1 abnormalities are basically asymptomatic. However, as a result of abnormal patterns of X-chromosome inactivation, it is possible for some female carriers to be symptomatic. Whole-exome sequencing of a female patient with unknown spastic paraplegia was performed to obtain a molecular diagnosis. As a result, a de novo heterozygous single-nucleotide deletion in PLP1 [NM_000533.5(PLP1_v001):c.783del; p.Thr262Leufs*20] was identified. RNA sequencing was performed in a patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell line, confirming mono-allelic expression of the mutated allele and abnormal inactivation of the wild-type allele. The patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell line was then treated with VX680 or 5azadC, which resulted in restored expression of the wild-type allele. These two agents thus have the potential to reverse inappropriately-skewed inactivation of the X-chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamamoto-Shimojima
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (RPD), Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University, Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Taichi Imaizumi
- Department of Gene Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, 474-8710, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, 187-0031, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. .,Tokyo Women's Medical University, Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. .,Department of Gene Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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46
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Diseases of connexins expressed in myelinating glia. Neurosci Lett 2019; 695:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yoon G, Cho KA, Song J, Kim YK. Transcriptomic Analysis of High Fat Diet Fed Mouse Brain Cortex. Front Genet 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30838024 PMCID: PMC6389608 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High fat diet can lead to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes known to be chronic inflammatory diseases with high prevalence worldwide. Recent studies have reported cognitive dysfunction in obese patients is caused by a high fat diet. Accordingly, such dysfunction is called "type 3 diabetes" or "diabetic dementia." Although dysregulation of protein-coding genes has been extensively studied, profiling of non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) has not been reported yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to obtain profiles of diverse RNAs and determine their patterns of alteration in high fat fed brain cortex compared to normal brain cortex. To investigate regulatory roles of both coding and non-coding RNAs in high fat diet brain, we performed RNA sequencing of ribosomal RNA-depleted RNAs and identified genome-wide lncRNAs and circRNAs expression and co-expression patterns of mRNAs in high fat diet mouse brain cortex. Our results showed expression levels of mRNAs related to neurogenesis, synapse, and calcium signaling were highly changed in high fat diet fed cortex. In addition, numerous differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs were identified. Our study provides valuable expression profiles and potential function of both coding and non-coding RNAs in high fat diet fed brain cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
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Sui Y, Nguyen HB, Thai TQ, Ikenaka K, Ohno N. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Physiology and Pathology of Myelinated Axons. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:145-163. [PMID: 31760643 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in neurons and abnormal functions of mitochondria have been implicated in neurological disorders including myelin diseases. Since mitochondrial functions are regulated and maintained by their dynamic behavior involving localization, transport, and fusion/fission, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics would be involved in physiology and pathology of myelinated axons. In fact, the integration of multimodal imaging in vivo and in vitro revealed that mitochondrial localization and transport are differentially regulated in nodal and internodal regions in response to the changes of metabolic demand in myelinated axons. In addition, the mitochondrial behavior in axons is modulated as adaptive responses to demyelination irrespective of the cause of myelin loss, and the behavioral modulation is partly through interactions with cytoskeletons and closely associated with the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases. Furthermore, the behavior and functions of axonal mitochondria are modulated in congenital myelin disorders involving impaired interactions between axons and myelin-forming cells, and, together with the inflammatory environment, implicated in axonal degeneration and disease phenotypes. Further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of the mitochondrial dynamics in myelinated axons would provide deeper insights into axo-glial interactions mediated through myelin ensheathment, and effective manipulations of the dynamics may lead to novel therapeutic strategies protecting axonal and neuronal functions and survival in primary diseases of myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sui
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan.
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Inoue K. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: Molecular and Cellular Pathologies and Associated Phenotypes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:201-216. [PMID: 31760646 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) represents a group of disorders known as hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, which are characterized by abnormal development and maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system. PMD is caused by different types of mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene, which encodes a major myelin membrane lipoprotein. These mutations in the PLP1 gene result in distinct cellular and molecular pathologies and a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. In this chapter, I discuss the historical aspects and current understanding of the mechanisms underlying how different PLP1 mutations disrupt the normal process of myelination and result in PMD and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
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Lyahyai J, Ouled Amar Bencheikh B, Elalaoui SC, Mansouri M, Boualla L, DIonne-Laporte A, Spiegelman D, Dion PA, Cossette P, Rouleau GA, Sefiani A. Exome sequencing reveals a novel PLP1 mutation in a Moroccan family with connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:90. [PMID: 29486744 PMCID: PMC5830319 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy regroups a common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorders that are characterized by spontaneous, unprovoked, and recurrent epileptic seizures. Epilepsies have a highly heterogeneous background with a strong genetic contribution and various mode of inheritance. X-linked epilepsy usually manifests as part of a syndrome or epileptic encephalopathy. The variability of clinical manifestations of X-linked epilepsy may be attributed to several factors including the causal genetic mutation, making diagnosis, genetic counseling and treatment decisions difficult. We report the description of a Moroccan family referred to our genetic department with X-linked epileptic seizures as the only initial diagnosis. Case presentation Knowing the new contribution of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) for clinical investigation, and given the heterogeneity of this group of disorders we performed a Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) analysis and co-segregation study in several members of this large family. We detected a novel pathogenic PLP1 missense mutation c.251C > A (p.Ala84Asp) allowing us to make a diagnosis of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease for this family. Conclusion This report extends the spectrum of PLP1 mutations and highlights the diagnostic utility of NGS to investigate this group of heterogeneous disorders.
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