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He S, Zhi F, Ge A, Liao Y, Li K, Min Y, Wei S, Peng D, Guo Y, Liu Z, Chen M. BnaC06.WIP2-BnaA09.STM transcriptional regulatory module promotes leaf lobe formation in Brassica napus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132544. [PMID: 38782318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The lobed leaves of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) offer significant advantages in dense planting, leading to increased yield. Although AtWIP2, a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, acts as a regulator of leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana, the function and regulatory mechanisms of BnaWIP2 in B. napus remain unclear. Here, constitutive expression of the BnaC06.WIP2 paralog, predominantly expressed in leaf serrations, produced lobed leaves in both A. thaliana and B. napus. We demonstrated that BnaC06.WIP2 directly repressed the expression of BnaA01.TCP4, BnaA03.TCP4, and BnaC03.TCP4 and indirectly inhibited the expression of BnaA05.BOP1 and BnaC02.AS2 to promote leaf lobe formation. On the other hand, we discovered that BnaC06.WIP2 modulated the levels of endogenous gibberellin, cytokinin, and auxin, and controlled the auxin distribution in B. napus leaves, thus accelerating leaf lobe formation. Meanwhile, we revealed that BnaA09.STM physically interacted with BnaC06.WIP2, and ectopic expression of BnaA09.STM generated smaller and lobed leaves in B. napus. Furthermore, we found that BnaC06.WIP2 and BnaA09.STM synergistically promoted leaf lobe formation through forming transcriptional regulatory module. Collectively, our findings not only facilitate in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying lobed leaf formation, but also are helpful for guiding high-density breeding practices through improving leaf morphology in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng He
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ankang Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanchang Min
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shihao Wei
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danshuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Dwivedi V, Pal L, Singh S, Singh NP, Parida SK, Chattopadhyay D. The chickpea WIP2 gene underlying a major QTL contributes to lateral root development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:642-657. [PMID: 37158162 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots are a major component of root system architecture, and lateral root count (LRC) positively contributes to yield under drought in chickpea. To understand the genetic regulation of LRC, a biparental mapping population derived from two chickpea accessions having contrasting LRCs was genotyped by sequencing, and phenotyped to map four major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to 13-32% of the LRC trait variation. A single- nucleotide polymorphism tightly linked to the locus contributing to highest trait variation was located on the coding region of a gene (CaWIP2), orthologous to NO TRANSMITTING TRACT/WIP domain protein 2 (NTT/WIP2) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. A polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) in the CaWIP2 promoter showed differentiation between low versus high LRC parents and mapping individuals, suggesting its utility for marker-assisted selection. CaWIP2 promoter showed strong expression in chickpea apical root meristem and lateral root primordia. Expression of CaWIP2 under its native promoter in the Arabidopsis wip2wip4wip5 mutant rescued its rootless phenotype to produce more lateral roots than the wild-type plants, and led to formation of amyloplasts in the columella. CaWIP2 expression also induced the expression of genes that regulate lateral root emergence. Our study identified a gene-based marker for LRC which will be useful for developing drought-tolerant, high-yielding chickpea varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dwivedi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Lalita Pal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nagendra Pratap Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swarup Kumar Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Lopes AL, Moreira D, Pereira AM, Ferraz R, Mendes S, Pereira LG, Colombo L, Coimbra S. AGPs as molecular determinants of reproductive development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:827-838. [PMID: 36945741 PMCID: PMC10184450 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Morphogenesis occurs through accurate interaction between essential players to generate highly specialized plant organs. Fruit structure and function are triggered by a neat transcriptional control involving distinct regulator genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) or signalling proteins, such as the C2H2/C2HC zinc-finger NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT) or the MADS-box protein SEEDSTICK (STK), which are important in setting plant reproductive competence, feasibly by affecting cell wall polysaccharide and lipid distribution. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are major components of the cell wall and are thought to be involved in the reproductive process as important players in specific stages of development. The detection of AGPs epitopes in reproductive tissues of NTT and other fruit development-related TFs, such as MADS-box proteins including SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), SHP2 and STK, was the focus of this study. METHODS We used fluorescence microscopy to perform immunolocalization analyses on stk and ntt single mutants, on the ntt stk double mutant and on the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant using specific anti-AGP monoclonal antibodies. In these mutants, the expression levels of selected AGP genes were also measured by quantitative real-time PCR and compared with the respective expression in wild-type (WT) plants. KEY RESULTS The present immunolocalization study collects information on the distribution patterns of specific AGPs in Arabidopsis female reproductive tissues, complemented by the quantification of AGP expression levels, comparing WT, stk and ntt single mutants, the ntt stk double mutant and the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal distinct AGP distribution patterns in different developmental mutants related to the female reproductive unit in Arabidopsis. The value of the immunofluorescence labelling technique is highlighted in this study as an invaluable tool to dissect the remodelling nature of the cell wall in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BioISI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Cao B, Wang H, Bai J, Wang X, Li X, Zhang Y, Yang S, He Y, Yu X. miR319-Regulated TCP3 Modulates Silique Development Associated with Seed Shattering in Brassicaceae. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193096. [PMID: 36231057 PMCID: PMC9563637 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed shattering is an undesirable trait that leads to crop yield loss. Improving silique resistance to shattering is critical for grain and oil crops. In this study, we found that miR319-targeted TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR (TCPs) inhibited the process of post-fertilized fruits (silique) elongation and dehiscence via regulation of FRUITFULL (FUL) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. AtMIR319a activation resulted in a longer silique with thickened and lignified replum, whereas overexpression of an miR319a-resistant version of AtTCP3 (mTCP3) led to a short silique with narrow and less lignified replum. Further genetic and expressional analysis suggested that FUL acted downstream of TCP3 to negatively regulate silique development. Moreover, hyper-activation of BnTCP3.A8, a B. napus homolog of AtTCP3, in rapeseed resulted in an enhanced silique resistance to shattering due to attenuated replum development. Taken together, our findings advance our knowledge of TCP-regulated silique development and provide a potential target for genetic manipulation to reduce silique shattering in Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biting Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jinjuan Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuke He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
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Expression and Functional Analyses of the WIP Gene Family in Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152010. [PMID: 35956487 PMCID: PMC9425439 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The WIP family of transcription factors comprises the A1d subgroup of C2H2 zinc finger proteins. This family has six members in Arabidopsis thaliana and most of the known functions have been described by analyzing single knockout mutants. However, it has been shown that WIP2 and its closest paralogs WIP4 and WIP5 have a redundant and essential function in root meristems. It is likely that these and other WIP genes perform more, still unknown, functions. To obtain hints about these other functions, the expression of the six WIP genes was explored. Moreover, phenotypic ana-lyses of overexpressors and wip mutants revealed functions in modulating organ and cell size, stomatal density, and vasculature development.
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6
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Li J, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Wang Q, Elbaiomy RG, Zhou W, Wu H, Soaud SA, Abbas M, Chen B, Zhao D, El-Sappah AH. In Silico Functional Prediction and Expression Analysis of C2H2 Zinc-Finger Family Transcription Factor Revealed Regulatory Role of ZmZFP126 in Maize Growth. Front Genet 2021; 12:770427. [PMID: 34804129 PMCID: PMC8602080 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.770427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C2H2-zinc finger proteins (ZFP) comprise a large family of transcription factors with various functions in biological processes. In maize, the function regulation of C2H2- zine finger (ZF) genes are poorly understood. We conducted an evolution analysis and functional prediction of the maize C2H2-ZF gene family. Furthermore, the ZmZFP126 gene has been cloned and sequenced for further favorable allelic variation discovery. The phylogenetic analysis of the C2H2-ZF domain indicated that the position and sequence of the C2H2-ZF domain of the poly-zinc finger gene are relatively conserved during evolution, and the C2H2-ZF domain with the same position is highly conserved. The expression analysis of the C2H2-ZF gene family in 11 tissues at different growth stages of B73 inbred lines showed that genes with multiple transcripts were endowed with more functions. The expression analysis of the C2H2-ZF gene in P1 and P2 inbred lines under drought conditions showed that the C2H2-ZF genes were mainly subjected to negative regulation under drought stress. Functional prediction indicated that the maize C2H2-ZF gene is mainly involved in reproduction and development, especially concerning the formation of important agronomic traits in maize yield. Furthermore, sequencing and correlation analysis of the ZmZFP126 gene indicated that this gene was significantly associated with the SDW-NAP and TDW-NAP. The analysis of the relationship between maize C2H2-ZF genes and C2H2-ZF genes with known functions indicated that the functions of some C2H2-ZF genes are relatively conservative, and the functions of homologous genes in different species are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yibing Yuan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Wanhai Zhou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Salma A. Soaud
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yibin, China
| | - Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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7
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Integrative genome-wide analysis reveals the role of WIP proteins in inhibition of growth and development. Commun Biol 2020; 3:239. [PMID: 32415243 PMCID: PMC7229033 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In cucurbits, CmWIP1 is a master gene controlling sex determination. To bring new insight in the function of CmWIP1, we investigated two Arabidopsis WIP transcription factors, AtWIP1/TT1 and AtWIP2/NTT. Using an inducible system we showed that WIPs are powerful inhibitor of growth and inducer of cell death. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq we revealed that most of the up-regulated genes bound by WIPs display a W-box motif, associated with stress signaling. In contrast, the down-regulated genes contain a GAGA motif, a known target of polycomb repressive complex. To validate the role of WIP proteins in inhibition of growth, we expressed AtWIP1/TT1 in carpel primordia and obtained male flowers, mimicking CmWIP1 function in melon. Using other promoters, we further demonstrated that WIPs can trigger growth arrest of both vegetative and reproductive organs. Our data supports an evolutionary conserved role of WIPs in recruiting gene networks controlling growth and adaptation to stress. Maria V Gomez Roldan, Farhaj Izhaq et al. study the role of WIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using an inducible system, they generate ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data that reveal how WIP proteins repress development and growth. Through ectopic expression of WIP in Arabidopsis carpels, they obtain male flower, mimicking sex determination in melon.
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Hussain Q, Shi J, Scheben A, Zhan J, Wang X, Liu G, Yan G, King GJ, Edwards D, Wang H. Genetic and signalling pathways of dry fruit size: targets for genome editing-based crop improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1124-1140. [PMID: 31850661 PMCID: PMC7152616 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fruit is seed-bearing structures specific to angiosperm that form from the gynoecium after flowering. Fruit size is an important fitness character for plant evolution and an agronomical trait for crop domestication/improvement. Despite the functional and economic importance of fruit size, the underlying genes and mechanisms are poorly understood, especially for dry fruit types. Improving our understanding of the genomic basis for fruit size opens the potential to apply gene-editing technology such as CRISPR/Cas to modulate fruit size in a range of species. This review examines the genes involved in the regulation of fruit size and identifies their genetic/signalling pathways, including the phytohormones, transcription and elongation factors, ubiquitin-proteasome and microRNA pathways, G-protein and receptor kinases signalling, arabinogalactan and RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, different plant taxa have conserved functions for various fruit size regulators, suggesting that common genome edits across species may have similar outcomes. Many fruit size regulators identified to date are pleiotropic and affect other organs such as seeds, flowers and leaves, indicating a coordinated regulation. The relationships between fruit size and fruit number/seed number per fruit/seed size, as well as future research questions, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaid Hussain
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhanChina
| | - Jiaqin Shi
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhanChina
| | - Armin Scheben
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Jiepeng Zhan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhanChina
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhanChina
| | - Guihua Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhanChina
| | - Guijun Yan
- UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhanChina
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9
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Zaman QU, Chu W, Hao M, Shi Y, Sun M, Sang SF, Mei D, Cheng H, Liu J, Li C, Hu Q. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multiplex Genome Editing of JAGGED Gene in Brassica napus L. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110725. [PMID: 31726660 PMCID: PMC6921047 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pod shattering resistance is an essential component to achieving a high yield, which is a substantial objective in polyploid rapeseed cultivation. Previous studies have suggested that the Arabidopsis JAGGED (JAG) gene is a key factor implicated in the regulatory web of dehiscence fruit. However, its role in controlling pod shattering resistance in oilseed rape is still unknown. In this study, multiplex genome editing was carried out by the CRISPR/Cas9 system on five homoeologs (BnJAG.A02, BnJAG.C02, BnJAG.C06, BnJAG.A07, and BnJAG.A08) of the JAG gene. Knockout mutagenesis of all homoeologs drastically affected the development of the lateral organs in organizing pod shape and size. The cylindrical body of the pod comprised a number of undifferentiated cells like a callus, without distinctive valves, replum, septum, and valve margins. Pseudoseeds were produced, which were divided into two halves with an incomplete layer of cells (probably septum) that separated the undifferentiated cells. These mutants were not capable of generating any productive seeds for further generations. However, one mutant line was identified in which only a BnJAG.A08-NUB-Like paralog of the JAG gene was mutated. Knockout mutagenesis in BnJAG.A08-NUB gene caused significant changes in the pod dehiscence zone. The replum region of the mutant was increased to a great extent, resulting in enlarged cell size, bumpy fruit, and reduced length compared with the wild type. A higher replum-valve joint area may have increased the resistance to pod shattering by ~2-fold in JAG mutants compared with wild type. Our results offer a basis for understanding variations in Brassica napus fruit by mutating JAG genes and providing a way forward for other Brassicaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar U Zaman
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen Chu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Mengyu Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuqin Shi
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Mengdan Sun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Shi-Fei Sang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Desheng Mei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Chao Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.U.Z.); (W.C.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.-F.S.); (D.M.); (H.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Q.H.)
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How to build a fruit: Transcriptomics of a novel fruit type in the Brassiceae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209535. [PMID: 31318861 PMCID: PMC6638736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative gene expression studies are invaluable for predicting how existing genetic pathways may be modified or redeployed to produce novel and variable phenotypes. Fruits are ecologically important organs because of their impact on plant fitness and seed dispersal, modifications in which results in morphological variation across species. A novel fruit type in the Brassicaceae known as heteroarthrocarpy enables distinct dispersal methods in a single fruit through segmentation via a lateral joint and variable dehiscence at maturity. Given the close relationship to Arabidopsis, species that exhibit heteroarthrocarpy are powerful models to elucidate how differences in gene expression of a fruit patterning pathway may result in novel fruit types. Transcriptomes of distal, joint, and proximal regions from Erucaria erucarioides and Cakile lanceolata were analyzed to elucidate within fruit and between species differences in whole transcriptome, gene ontology, and fruit patterning expression profiles. Whole transcriptome expression profiles vary between fruit regions in patterns that are consistent with fruit anatomy. These transcriptomic variances do not correlate with changes in gene ontology, as they remain generally stable within and between both species. Upstream regulators in the fruit patterning pathway, FILAMENTOUS FLOWER and YABBY3, are expressed in the distal and proximal regions of E. erucarioides, but not in the joint, implicating alterations in the pathway in heteroarthrocarpic fruits. Downstream gene, INDEHISCENT, is significantly upregulated in the abscissing joint region of C. lanceolata, which suggests repurposing of valve margin genes for novel joint disarticulation in an otherwise indehiscent fruit. In summary, these data are consistent with modifications in fruit patterning genes producing heteroarthrocarpic fruits through different components of the pathway relative to other indehiscent, non-heteroarthrocarpic, species within the family. Our understanding of fruit development in Arabidopsis is now extended to atypical siliques within the Brassicaceae, facilitating future studies on seed shattering in important Brassicaceous crops and pernicious weeds.
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11
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Herrera-Ubaldo H, Lozano-Sotomayor P, Ezquer I, Di Marzo M, Chávez Montes RA, Gómez-Felipe A, Pablo-Villa J, Diaz-Ramirez D, Ballester P, Ferrándiz C, Sagasser M, Colombo L, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. New roles of NO TRANSMITTING TRACT and SEEDSTICK during medial domain development in Arabidopsis fruits. Development 2019; 146:dev.172395. [PMID: 30538100 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gynoecium, the female reproductive part of the flower, is key for plant sexual reproduction. During its development, inner tissues such as the septum and the transmitting tract tissue, important for pollen germination and guidance, are formed. In Arabidopsis, several transcription factors are known to be involved in the development of these tissues. One of them is NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT), essential for transmitting tract formation. We found that the NTT protein can interact with several gynoecium-related transcription factors, including several MADS-box proteins, such as SEEDSTICK (STK), known to specify ovule identity. Evidence suggests that NTT and STK control enzyme and transporter-encoding genes involved in cell wall polysaccharide and lipid distribution in gynoecial medial domain cells. The results indicate that the simultaneous loss of NTT and STK activity affects polysaccharide and lipid deposition and septum fusion, and delays entry of septum cells to their normal degradation program. Furthermore, we identified KAWAK, a direct target of NTT and STK, which is required for the correct formation of fruits in Arabidopsis These findings position NTT and STK as important factors in determining reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ricardo Aarón Chávez Montes
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Andrea Gómez-Felipe
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Jeanneth Pablo-Villa
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - David Diaz-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Patricia Ballester
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Martin Sagasser
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
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12
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Lyu T, Cao J. Cys₂/His₂ Zinc-Finger Proteins in Transcriptional Regulation of Flower Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2589. [PMID: 30200325 PMCID: PMC6164605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower development is the core of higher-plant ontogenesis and is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Cys₂/His₂ zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) constitute one of the largest transcription factor families and are highly involved in transcriptional regulation of flowering induction, floral organ morphogenesis, and pollen and pistil maturation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of C2H2-ZFPs has been gradually revealed only in recent years. During flowering induction, C2H2-ZFPs can modify the chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C, thereby providing additional insights into the quantification of transcriptional regulation caused by chromatin regulation. C2H2-ZFPs are involved in cell division and proliferation in floral organ development and are associated with hormonal regulation, thereby revealing how a flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The studies reviewed in this work integrate the information from the endogenous, hormonal, and environmental regulation of flower development. The structure of C2H2-ZFPs determines their function as transcriptional regulators. The findings indicate that C2H2-ZFPs play a crucial role in flower development. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of C2H2-ZFPs and discuss their molecular mechanism in flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Lyu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Ren G, Li L, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zheng R, Zhong C, Wang X. GhWIP2, a WIP zinc finger protein, suppresses cell expansion in Gerbera hybrida by mediating crosstalk between gibberellin, abscisic acid, and auxin. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:728-742. [PMID: 29681133 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell expansion is a key determinant for the final size and shape of plant organ, and is regulated by various phytohormones. Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) consist of a superfamily involved in multiple aspects of organ morphogenesis. However, little is known about WIP-type ZFP function in phytohormone-mediated organ growth. Using reverse genetics, RNA-seq and phytohormone quantification, we elucidated the role of a new WIP-type ZFP from Gerbera hybrida, GhWIP2, in controlling organ growth via regulation of cell expansion. GhWIP2 localizes to the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional repressor. Constitutive overexpression of GhWIP2 (GhWIP2OE) in both Gerbera and Arabidopsis thaliana caused major developmental defects associated with cell expansion, including dwarfism, short petals, scapes, and petioles. Furthermore, GhWIP2OE plants were hypersensitive to GA, but not to ABA, and showed a reduction in endogenous GA and auxin, but not ABA concentrations. Consistent with these observations, RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in GA and auxin signaling were down-regulated, while those involved in ABA signaling were up-regulated in GhWIP2OE plants. Our findings suggest that GhWIP2 acts as a transcriptional repressor, suppressing cell expansion during organ growth by modulating crosstalk between GA, ABA, and auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rouyan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Ortiz-Ramírez CI, Plata-Arboleda S, Pabón-Mora N. Evolution of genes associated with gynoecium patterning and fruit development in Solanaceae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:1211-1230. [PMID: 29471367 PMCID: PMC5946927 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The genetic basis of fruit development has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, where major transcription factors controlling valve identity (i.e. FRUITFULL), replum development (i.e. REPLUMLESS) and the differentiation of the dehiscence zones (i.e. SHATTERPROOF, INDEHISCENT and ALCATRAZ) have been identified. This gene regulatory network in other flowering plants is influenced by duplication events during angiosperm diversification. Here we aim to characterize candidate fruit development genes in the Solanaceae and compare them with those of Brassicaceae. METHODS ALC/SPT, HEC/IND, RPL and AG/SHP homologues were isolated from publicly available databases and from our own transcriptomes of Brunfelsia australis and Streptosolen jamesonii. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were performed for each of the gene lineages. Shifts in protein motifs, as well as expression patterns of all identified homologues, are shown in dissected floral organs and fruits in different developmental stages of four Solanaceae species exhibiting different fruit types. KEY RESULTS Each gene lineage has undergone different duplication time-points, resulting in very different genetic complements in the Solanaceae when compared with the Brassicaceae. In general, Solanaceae species have more copies of HEC1/2 and RPL than Brassicaceae, have fewer copies of SHP and the same number of copies of AG, ALC and SPT. Solanaceae lack IND orthologues, but have pre-duplication HEC3 homologues. The expression analyses showed opposite expression of SPT and ALC orthologues between dry- and fleshy-fruited species during fruit maturation. Fleshy-fruited species turn off RPL and SPT orthologues during maturation. CONCLUSIONS The gynoecium patterning and fruit developmental genetic network in the Brassicaceae cannot be directly extrapolated to the Solanaceae. In Solanaceae ALC, SPT and RPL contribute differently to maturation of dry dehiscent and fleshy fruits, whereas HEC genes are not generally expressed in the gynoecium. RPL genes have broader expression patterns than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Inés Ortiz-Ramírez
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Pabón-Mora
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- For correspondence. E-mail
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15
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Pabón-Mora N, Ambrose BA. Duplication and Diversification of REPLUMLESS - A Case Study in the Papaveraceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1833. [PMID: 30619406 PMCID: PMC6299025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a vast amount of fruit morphological diversity in terms of their texture, the number of carpels, if those carpels are fused or not and how fruits open to disperse the seeds. Arabidopsis thaliana, a model eudicot, has a dry bicarpellate silique, when the fruit matures, the two valves fall apart through the dehiscence zone leaving the seeds attached to the remaining medial tissue, called the replum. Proper replum development in A. thaliana is mediated by REPLUMLESS (RPL), a TALE Homeodomain protein. RPL represses the valve margin genetic program and the downstream dehiscence zone formation in the medial tissue of the siliques and RPL orthologs have conserved roles across the Brassicaceae eudicots. A RPL homolog, qSH1, has been studied in rice, a monocot, and plays a role in fruit shedding making it difficult to predict functional evolution of this gene lineage across angiosperms. Although RPL orthologs have been identified across all angiosperms, expression and functional analyses are scarce. In order to fill the phylogenetic gap between the Brassicaceae and monocots we have characterized the expression patterns of RPL homologs in two poppies with different fruit types, Bocconia frutescens with operculate valvate dehiscence and a persistent medial tissue, similar to a replum, and Papaver somniferum, a poppy with persistent medial tissue in between the multicarpellate gynoecia. We found that RPL homologs in Papaveraceae have broad expression patterns during plant development; in the shoot apical meristem, during flowering transition and in many floral organs, especially the carpels. These patterns are similar to those of RPL in A. thaliana. However, our results suggest that RPL does not have conserved roles in the maintenance of medial persistent tissues of fruits but may be involved with establishing the putative dehiscence zone in dry poppy fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Barbara A. Ambrose
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Barbara A. Ambrose,
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Tao Z, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu G, Wang H. BnLATE, a Cys2/His2-Type Zinc-Finger Protein, Enhances Silique Shattering Resistance by Negatively Regulating Lignin Accumulation in the Silique Walls of Brassica napus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168046. [PMID: 28081140 PMCID: PMC5231383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Silique shattering resistance is one of the most important agricultural traits in oil crop breeding. Seed shedding from siliques prior to and during harvest causes devastating losses in oilseed yield. Lignin biosynthesis in the silique walls is thought to affect silique-shattering resistance in oil crops. Here, we identified and characterized B. napus LATE FLOWERING (BnLATE), which encodes a Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger protein. Heterologous expression of BnLATE under the double enhanced CaMV 35S promoter (D35S) in wild-type Arabidopsis plants resulted in a marked decrease in lignification in the replum, valve layer (carpel) and dehiscence zone. pBnLATE::GUS activity was strong in the yellowing silique walls of transgenic lines. Furthermore, the expression pattern of BnLATE and the lignin content gradient in the silique walls at 48 days after pollination (DAP) of 73290, a B. napus silique shattering-resistant line, are similar to those in transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing BnLATE. Transcriptome sequencing of the silique walls revealed that genes encoding peroxidases, which polymerize monolignols and lignin in the phenylpropanoid pathway, were down-regulated at least two-fold change in the D35S::BnLATE transgenic lines. pBnLATE::BnLATE transgenic lines were further used to identify the function of BnLATE, and the results showed that lignification in the carpel and dehiscence zone of yellowing silique also remarkably decreased compared with the wild-type control, the silique shattering-resistance and expression pattern of peroxidase genes are very similar to results with D35S::BnLATE. These results suggest that BnLATE is a negative regulator of lignin biosynthesis in the yellowing silique walls, and promotes silique-shattering resistance in B. napus through restraining the polymerization of monolignols and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsheng Tao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Schiessl S, Iniguez-Luy F, Qian W, Snowdon RJ. Diverse regulatory factors associate with flowering time and yield responses in winter-type Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:737. [PMID: 26419915 PMCID: PMC4589123 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering time, plant height and seed yield are strongly influenced by climatic and day-length adaptation in crop plants. To investigate these traits under highly diverse field conditions in the important oilseed crop Brassica napus, we performed a genome-wide association study using data from diverse agroecological environments spanning three continents. METHODS A total of 158 European winter-type B.napus inbred lines were genotyped with 21,623 unique, single-locus single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using the Brassica 60 K-SNP Illumina® Infinium consortium array. Phenotypic associations were calculated in the panel over the years 2010-2012 for flowering time, plant height and seed yield in 5 highly diverse locations in Germany, China and Chile, adding up to 11 diverse environments in total. RESULTS We identified 101 genome regions associating with the onset of flowering, 69 with plant height, 36 with seed yield and 68 cross-trait regions with potential adaptive value. Within these regions, B.napus orthologs for a number of candidate adaptation genes were detected, including central circadian clock components like CIRCADIAN CLOCK- ASSOCIATED 1 (Bna.CCA1) and the important flowering-time regulators FLOWERING LOCUS T (Bna.FT) and FRUITFUL (Bna.FUL). DISCUSSION Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of candidate regions suggested that selection of genes involved in post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of flowering time may play a potential role in adaptation of B. napus to highly divergent environments. The classical flowering time regulators Bna.FLC and Bna.CO were not found among the candidate regions, although both show functional variation. Allelic effects were additive for plant height and yield, but not for flowering time. The scarcity of positive minor alleles for yield in this breeding pool points to a lack of diversity for adaptation that could restrict yield gain in the face of environmental change. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a valuable framework to further improve the adaptability and yield stability of this recent allopolyploid crop under changing environments. The results suggest that flowering time regulation within an adapted B. napus breeding pool is driven by a high number of small modulating processes rather than major transcription factors like Bna.CO. In contrast, yield regulation appears highly parallel, therefore yield could be increased by pyramiding positively associated haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schiessl
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Federico Iniguez-Luy
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Km 10 Camino Cajón-Vilcún, INIA, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Hu Z, Yang H, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu G, Wang H, Hua W. A large replum-valve joint area is associated with increased resistance to pod shattering in rapeseed. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2015; 128:813-819. [PMID: 26040418 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the replum was studied in 64 rapeseed lines and in an F2 population derived from a cross between a high pod shattering resistance line, zy72360, and a susceptible line, R1. The dimensions of the replum close to the pedicel in lines with high silique shattering resistance index (SSRI) were greater than those with low SSRI. The replum-valve joint area index (RJAI) was used to investigate the relationship between the replum size and pod shattering. In the 64 accessions, RJAI displayed wide variation (0.50-4.12 mm(2)), with a variance coefficient of 45.4%. There were highly significant positive correlations between SSRI and RJAI, with a correlation coefficient of 0.6140. Analysis of RJAI in 276 F2 individuals further validated the positive correlations between SSRI and RJAI. These results revealed that replum structure was highly associated with pod shattering, and that a thick replum structure could produce high pod shatter resistance. The replum-valve joint area offers a good method to screen high resistance materials beneficial for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Sehra B, Franks RG. Auxin and cytokinin act during gynoecial patterning and the development of ovules from the meristematic medial domain. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:555-71. [PMID: 25951007 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gynoecium is the female reproductive structure of flowering plants, and is the site of ovule and seed development. The gynoecium is critical for reproductive competence and for agricultural productivity in many crop plants. In this review we focus on molecular aspects of the development of the Arabidopsis thaliana gynoecium. We briefly introduce gynoecium structure and development and then focus on important research advances published within the last year. We highlight what has been learned recently with respect to: (1) the role of auxin in the differential development of the medial and lateral domains of the Arabidopsis gynoecium; (2) the interaction between cytokinin and auxin during gynoecial development; (3) the role of auxin in the termination of the floral meristem and in the transition of floral meristem to gynoecium; and (4) recent studies that suggest a degree of evolutionary conservation of auxin mechanisms during gynoecial development in other eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Sehra
- Interdepartmental Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert G Franks
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Marsch-Martínez N, Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Ouwerkerk PBF, Pablo-Villa J, Lozano-Sotomayor P, Greco R, Ballester P, Balanzá V, Kuijt SJH, Meijer AH, Pereira A, Ferrándiz C, de Folter S. The NTT transcription factor promotes replum development in Arabidopsis fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:69-81. [PMID: 25039392 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fruits are complex plant structures that nurture seeds and facilitate their dispersal. The Arabidopsis fruit is termed silique. It develops from the gynoecium, which has a stigma, a style, an ovary containing the ovules, and a gynophore. Externally, the ovary consists of two valves, and their margins lay adjacent to the replum, which is connected to the septum that internally divides the ovary. In this work we describe the role for the zinc-finger transcription factor NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT) in replum development. NTT loss of function leads to reduced replum width and cell number, whereas increased expression promotes replum enlargement. NTT activates the homeobox gene BP, which, together with RPL, is important for replum development. In addition, the NTT protein is able to bind the BP promoter in yeast, and when this binding region is not present, NTT fails to activate BP in the replum. Furthermore, NTT interacts with itself and different proteins involved in fruit development: RPL, STM, FUL, SHP1 and SHP2 in yeast and in planta. Moreover, its genetic interactions provide further evidence about its biological relevance in replum development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, A.P. 629, CP 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Reyes-Olalde JI, Zuñiga-Mayo VM, Chávez Montes RA, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. Inside the gynoecium: at the carpel margin. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:644-55. [PMID: 24008116 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The gynoecium, which is produced at the center of most flowers, is the female reproductive organ and consists of one or more carpels. The Arabidopsis gynoecium consists of two fused carpels. Its inner tissues possess meristematic characteristics and are called the carpel margin meristem (CMM), because they are located at the margins of the carpels and generate the 'marginal' tissues of the gynoecium (placenta, ovules, septum, transmitting tract, style, and stigma). A key question is which factors are guiding the correct development of all these tissues, many of which are essential for reproduction. Besides regulatory genes, hormones play an important part in the development of the marginal tissues, and recent reports have highlighted the role of cytokinins, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36821 Irapuato, Gto., México
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