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Jou E, Zhou AK, Ho JSY, Thahir A. Perioperative use of intra-articular steroids during the COVID-19 pandemic. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2022; 32:1225-1235. [PMID: 34468841 PMCID: PMC8408365 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-03105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are growing concerns with the widely used glucocorticoids during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic due to the associated immunosuppressive effects, which may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and worsen COVID-19 patient outcome. Heavily affecting orthopaedics, the pandemic led to delay and cancellation of almost all surgical cases, and procedures including perioperative intra-articular corticosteroid injections (ICIs) saw similar decreases. However, the benefits of ICI treatments during the pandemic may outweigh these potential risks, and their continued use may be warranted. METHODS A literature search was conducted, and all relevant articles including original articles and reviews were identified and considered in full for inclusion, and analysed with expert opinion. Epidemiological statistics and medical guidelines were consulted from relevant authorities. RESULTS ICIs allow a targeted approach on the affected joint and are effective in reducing pain while improving functional outcome and patient quality-of-life. ICIs delay the requirement for surgery, accommodating for the increased healthcare burden during the pandemic, while reducing postoperative hospital stay, bringing significant financial benefits. However, ICIs can exert systemic effects and suppress the immune system. ICIs may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and reduce the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations, leading to important public health implications. CONCLUSION Perioperative ICI treatments may bring significant, multifaceted benefits during the pandemic. However, ICIs increase the risk of infection, and perioperative COVID-19 is associated with mortality. The use of ICIs during the COVID-19 pandemic should therefore be considered carefully on an individual patient basis, weighing the associated risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | - Azeem Thahir
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Regan P, Elkhalifa S, Barratt P. The systemic immunosuppressive effects of peripheral corticosteroid injections: A narrative review of the evidence in the context of COVID-19. Musculoskeletal Care 2021; 20:431-441. [PMID: 34882956 PMCID: PMC9015551 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Injected glucocorticoid's (corticosteroids) are commonly used in musculoskeletal practice. The current global COVID‐19 pandemic has increased attention on the potential for locally injected corticosteroids to exert a systemic immunosuppressive effect and the implications this may have in relation to COVID‐19 infection and vaccination. Aim This narrative review summarises the evidence regarding the potential systemic immunosuppressive effects of peripheral corticosteroid injections in relation to the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Method A narrative review was selected to allow inclusion of evidence related to a diverse range of topics relevant to this subject in order to provide the most comprehensive and clinically relevant guidance for clinicians. Results/discussion Current evidence demonstrates that cytotoxic, phagocytic and antigen presenting cells involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses are suppressed for 48 h post‐injection and messenger cytokines that are integral to immune function are suppressed for over 96 h post‐injection. This potentially reduces an individual's ability to prevent viral infection, limit early viral replication, and delays activation of adaptive immune mechanisms (T and B lymphocytes) and subsequent viral clearance and elimination. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis can be suppressed for 2–4 weeks or longer following peripheral corticosteroid injections. The role of the HPA axis in immune function is not fully understood, however this could potentially indicate longer lasting immunosuppression. Conclusions This review found evidence of suppression of immune cell numbers for the first 48 h post‐injection, cytokines for over 96 h post‐injection and HPA axis suppression lasting for 2–4 weeks or longer. There is currently no evidence that these physiological changes translate into a clinically meaningful increased risk of COVID‐19 infection or related morbidity or mortality, but there is also no persuasive evidence that they do not. This review discusses the implications of the current evidence in relation to shared decision making, informed consent, risk management and COVID‐19 vaccination to provide clinicians with a pragmatic guide to help navigate the current uncertainty regarding the potential immunosuppressive effects of peripheral corticosteroid injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Regan
- Musculoskeletal Clinical and Assessment and Treatment Service, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Care Organisation (Part of the Northern Care Alliance), Salford, UK
| | - Shuayb Elkhalifa
- Department of Immunology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Care Organisation (part of the Northern Care Alliance), Salford, UK
| | - Paul Barratt
- Musculoskeletal Clinical and Assessment and Treatment Service, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Care Organisation (Part of the Northern Care Alliance), Salford, UK
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Guo J, Jin H, Shi Z, Yin J, Pasricha T, Chen JDZ. Sacral nerve stimulation improves colonic inflammation mediated by autonomic-inflammatory cytokine mechanism in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13676. [PMID: 31327175 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) was reported to have a therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study was designed to determine effects and mechanisms of SNS on colonic inflammation of in rodent models of IBD and compare the difference among SNS, VNS, and SNS plus VNS. METHODS Intestinal inflammation in rats was induced by intrarectal administration of TNBS (2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) on the first day. Five days after intrarectal TNBS, the rats were treated with sham-VNS, VNS, Sham-SNS, SNS, and SNS + VNS for 10 days. In another experiment, after 10 days of 4% DSS (dextran sodium sulfate) in drinking water, rats were treated with 10-day sham-SNS and SNS. Various inflammatory responses were assessed; mechanisms involving autonomic functions and inflammatory cytokines were investigated. KEY RESULTS (a) VNS, SNS, and VNS + SNS significantly and equally decreased the disease activity index and macroscopic scores, and normalized colon length; (b) IL-10 was decreased by TNBS but increased with SNS, VNS, and SNS + VNS; pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-17A, MCP-1 and TNF-α, were increased by TNBS but decreased with SNS, VNS, and SNS + VNS (P < .05); MPO activity was decreased by SNS, VNS, and SNS + VNS; (c) SNS, VNS, and SNS + VNS remarkably increased vagal activity that was suppressed by TNBS (P < .05); (d) smilar SNS effects were noted in rats with DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES SNS presents similar anti-inflammatory effects as VNS by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines via the autonomic pathway. Similar to VNS, SNS may also have a therapeutic potential for colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhaohong Shi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trisha Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Barton KI, Heard BJ, Sevick JL, Martin CR, Shekarforoush SMM, Chung M, Achari Y, Frank CB, Shrive NG, Hart DA. Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Development and Progression in an Ovine Model of Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Effect of Repeated Intra-articular Methylprednisolone Acetate Injections on Early Disease. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:1596-1605. [PMID: 29668309 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518765098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial anterior cruciate ligament (p-ACL) ruptures are a common injury of athletes. However, few preclinical models have investigated the natural history and treatment of p-ACL injuries. PURPOSE To (1) demonstrate whether a controlled p-ACL injury model (anteromedial band transection) develops progressive gross morphological and histological posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)-like changes at 20 and 40 weeks after the injury and (2) investigate the efficacy of repeated (0, 5, 10, and 15 weeks) intra-articular injections of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA; 80 mg/mL) in the mitigation of potential PTOA-like changes after p-ACL transection. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Twenty-one 3- to 5-year-old female Suffolk-cross sheep were allocated to 4 groups: (1) nonoperative controls (n = 5), (2) 20 weeks after p-ACL transection (n = 5), (3) 40 weeks after p-ACL transection (n = 6), and (4) 20 weeks after p-ACL transection + MPA (n = 5). Gross morphological grading and histological analyses were conducted. mRNA expression levels for inflammatory, degradative, and structural molecules were assessed. RESULTS p-ACL transection led to significantly more combined gross damage ( P = .008) and significant aggregate histological damage ( P = .009) at 40 weeks after p-ACL transection than the nonoperative controls, and damage was progressive over time. Macroscopically, MPA appeared to slightly mitigate gross damage at 20 weeks after p-ACL transection in some animals. However, microscopic analysis revealed that repeated MPA injections after p-ACL transection led to significant loss in proteoglycan content compared with the nonoperative controls and 20 weeks after p-ACL transection ( P = .008 and P = .008, respectively). CONCLUSION p-ACL transection led to significant gross and histological damage by 40 weeks, which was progressive over time. Multiple repeated MPA injections were not appropriate to mitigate injury-related damage in a p-ACL transection ovine model as significant proteoglycan loss was observed in MPA-treated knees. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A p-ACL injury leads to slow and progressive PTOA-like joint damage, and multiple repeated injections of glucocorticoids may be detrimental to the knee joint in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen I Barton
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryan J Heard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johnathan L Sevick
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Ryan Martin
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S M Mehdi Shekarforoush
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Chung
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yamini Achari
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Location and gene-specific effects of methylprednisolone acetate on mitigating IL1β-induced inflammation in mature ovine explant knee tissue. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:239-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Nakken B, Bodolay E, Szodoray P. Cytokine Milieu in Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 49:152-62. [PMID: 25274451 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) is a unique clinical entity, a potential forerunner of well-established systemic autoimmune/rheumatic diseases. UCTD is characterized by the presence of various clinical symptoms, as well as a diverse repertoire of autoantibodies, resembling systemic autoimmune diseases. Since approximately one third of these patients consequently transform into a full-blown systemic autoimmune/rheumatic disease, it is of major importance to assess pathogenic factors leading to this progression. In view of the fact that the serological and clinical picture of UCTD and systemic autoimmune diseases are very similar, it is assumed that analogous pathogenic factors perpetuate both disease entities. In systemic autoimmune conditions, a quantitative and qualitative impairment of regulatory T cells has been shown previously, and in parallel, a relative dominance of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells has been introduced. Moreover, the imbalance between regulatory and Th17 cells plays a pivotal role in the initiation and propagation of UCTD. Additionally, we depict a cytokine imbalance, which give raise to a biased T cell homeostasis from the UCTD phase throughout the fully developed systemic autoimmune disease stage. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and interferon (IFN)-γ were pathologically increased with a parallel reduction of IL-10. We believe that the assessment of Th17/Treg cell ratio, as well as the simultaneous quantitation of cytokines may give a useful diagnostic tool at the early UCTD stage to identify patients with a higher chance of consecutive disease progression toward serious systemic autoimmune diseases. Moreover, the early targeted immunomodulating therapy in these patients may decelerate, or even stop this progression, before the development of serious autoimmune conditions with organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Nakken
- Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, Norway, N-0027
| | - Edit Bodolay
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Centre, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Szodoray
- Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, Norway, N-0027.
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Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:351732. [PMID: 26300591 PMCID: PMC4537751 DOI: 10.1155/2015/351732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune processes can be found in physiological circumstances. However, they are quenched with properly functioning regulatory mechanisms and do not evolve into full-blown autoimmune diseases. Once developed, autoimmune diseases are characterized by signature clinical features, accompanied by sustained cellular and/or humoral immunological abnormalities. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal defects, as well as a quantitative and qualitative impairment of immunoregulatory functions, have been shown in parallel to the relative dominance of proinflammatory Th17 cells in many of these diseases. In this review we focus on the derailed balance between regulatory and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we depict a cytokine imbalance, which gives rise to a biased T-cell homeostasis. The assessment of Th17/Treg-cell ratio and the simultaneous quantitation of cytokines, may give a useful diagnostic tool in autoimmune diseases. We also depict the multifaceted role of dendritic cells, serving as antigen presenting cells, contributing to the development of the pathognomonic cytokine signature and promote cellular and humoral autoimmune responses. Finally we describe the function and role of extracellular vesicles in particular autoimmune diseases. Targeting these key players of disease progression in patients with autoimmune diseases by immunomodulating therapy may be beneficial in future therapeutic strategies.
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Scherer J, Rainsford KD, Kean CA, Kean WF. Pharmacology of intra-articular triamcinolone. Inflammopharmacology 2014; 22:201-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-014-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Menéndez MI, Phelps MA, Hothem EA, Bertone AL. Pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone acetate after intra-articular administration and subsequent suppression of endogenous hydrocortisone secretion in exercising horses. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:1453-61. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Kamm JL, Nixon AJ, Witte TH. Cytokine and catabolic enzyme expression in synovium, synovial fluid and articular cartilage of naturally osteoarthritic equine carpi. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:693-9. [PMID: 21039798 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Understanding the expression of catabolic and anabolic genes during osteoarthritis progression should help to identify the major mediators of the disease. OBJECTIVE To compare the cytokine and anabolic marker concentrations in synovium, synovial fluid and cartilage between normal and osteoarthritic joints. METHODS Carpi from horses age 2-11 years were used. Tissues were harvested at the time of surgery or euthanasia, and RNA was isolated for RT-PCR analysis. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), aggrecanase 1 (ADAMTS-4), aggrecanase 2 (ADAMTS-5), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and collagen type I alpha 1(Col-1) expression were determined in synovium. TNFα, IL-1β, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-13, IL-17, collagen type IIB (Col-2B), and aggrecan expression were determined in cartilage. TNFα concentration in the synovial fluid was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Expression of TNFα, ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 was significantly increased in synovial tissue from OA joints. Synovial membrane IL-1β abundance showed only moderate elevations in OA, without reaching significant levels. Cytokine expression was increased significantly in OA cartilage samples, particularly TNFα, IL-1β, ADAMTS-4 and MMP-13; and collagen type I expression was significantly increased in synovial tissues from OA groups. Collagen type II message was diminished in mild and moderate stages of OA, but rebounded to significant elevations in severely degenerate joints. Conversely, aggrecan levels significantly declined in cartilage from all OA groups. Synovial fluid TNFα peptide concentration was significantly increased in severe OA cases. CONCLUSION TNFα was increased in all degrees of equine OA, and was abundantly expressed in synovial membrane and cartilage. IL-1β was overexpressed in OA cartilage, but not to a significant extent in synovium. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Control of TNFα should be considered further as a target in the treatment of OA. ADAMTS-4 may be the primary aggrecanase causing cartilage breakdown in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Kamm
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
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Alex P, Ye M, Zachos NC, Sipes J, Nguyen T, Suhodrev M, Gonzales L, Arora Z, Zhang T, Centola M, Guggino SE, Li X. Clcn5 knockout mice exhibit novel immunomodulatory effects and are more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:3988-96. [PMID: 20181886 PMCID: PMC4460988 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the intracellular Cl(-)/H(+) exchanger Clc-5 is expressed in apical intestinal endocytic compartments, its pathophysiological role in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. In light of recent findings that CLC-5 is downregulated in active ulcerative colitis (UC), we tested the hypothesis that loss of CLC-5 modulates the immune response, thereby inducing susceptibility to UC. Acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis was induced in Clcn5 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Colitis, monitored by disease activity index, histological activity index, and myeloperoxidase activity were significantly elevated in DSS-induced Clcn5 KO mice compared with those in WT mice. Comprehensive serum multiplex cytokine profiling demonstrated a heightened Th1-Th17 profile (increased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-17) in DSS-induced Clcn5 KO mice compared with that in WT DSS colitis mice. Interestingly, Clcn5 KO mice maintained on a high vitamin D diet attenuated DSS-induced colitis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses of colonic mucosa validated the systemic cytokine patterns and further revealed enhanced activation of the NF-kappaB pathway in DSS-induced Clcn5 KO mice compared with those in WT mice. Intriguingly, high baseline levels of IL-6 and phospho-IkappaB were observed in Clcn5 KO mice, suggesting a novel immunopathogenic role for the functional defects that result from the loss of Clc-5. Our studies demonstrate that the loss of Clc-5 1) exhibits IL-6-mediated immunopathogenesis, 2) significantly exacerbated DSS-induced colitis, which is influenced by dietary factors, including vitamin D, and 3) portrays distinct NF-kappaB-modulated Th1-Th17 immune dysregulation, implying a role for CLC-5 in the immunopathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Alex
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mei Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicholas C. Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jennifer Sipes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Maxim Suhodrev
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Liberty Gonzales
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Zubin Arora
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Michael Centola
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Sandra E. Guggino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Xuhang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Sammeta SM, Murthy SN. "ChilDrive": a technique of combining regional cutaneous hypothermia with iontophoresis for the delivery of drugs to synovial fluid. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2535-40. [PMID: 19774343 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioavailability of drugs in the synovial fluid when administered via transdermal route is highly limited due to the dermal clearance. The purpose of this project was to assess the efficiency of ChilDrive (CD) technique to improve the drug targeting to the synovial fluid. CD is a technique of transdermal delivery of drugs combining regional hypothermia and iontophoresis. METHODS Diclofenac sodium and Prednisolone sodium phosphate were administered by transdermal route (Passive, Iontophoresis, Chil-Passive and ChilDrive) at the knee-joint region of hind limb in sprague dawley rats for 6 h. Intraarticular microdialysis was carried out to determine the time course of drug concentration in the synovial fluid. Drug levels in synovial fluid after intravenous and intraarticular administration were also determined. RESULTS Iontophoretic delivery increased the AUC(0-t) (area under the curve) of drugs in the synovial fluid by 3-fold over passive delivery (0.86 +/- 0.04 and 2.0 +/- 0.06 microg.h/ml for diclofenac sodium and prednisolone sodium phosphate, respectively). CD resulted in an AUC(0-t) of 5.2 +/- 0.69 and 24.6 +/- 1.97 microg.h/ml for diclofenac sodium and prednisolone sodium phosphate which was approximately 6-12-fold higher than the passive and 2-4-fold higher than iontophoresis. CONCLUSIONS The results support our hypothesis that CD improves bioavailability of drugs to the synovial joints. CD could be developed as a potential noninvasive technique for treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa M Sammeta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Gotte AC. Intra-articular corticosteroids in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Safety, efficacy, and features affecting outcome. A comprehensive review of the literature. Open Access Rheumatol 2009; 1:37-49. [PMID: 27789980 PMCID: PMC5074724 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis in adults for over fifty years. Over the last two decades, IACI has become an important tool in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), particularly in the oligoarthritis subset of JIA. Many factors may affect the efficacy of this treatment modality, although the majority of evidence on this topic is anecdotal, nonconvincing, or conflicting. The review examines the rationale, efficacy, safety, and application of the use of IACI in the treatment of JIA, focusing on factors that affect the outcome following IACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Carman Gotte
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Habib GS. Systemic effects of intra-articular corticosteroids. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28:749-56. [PMID: 19252817 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-009-1135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to review all the published articles in the English literature about the systemic effects of intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) in humans. Reports were searched through Pubmed using the terms intraarticular or intra-articular and steroids, corticosteroids, or glucocorticosteroids up and including the year 2007. Reports were also located through references of articles. Only objective findings outside the injected joint were included. The overwhelming majority of the studies was done at the knee joint and in rheumatoid arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Many of the studies were done on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Serum cortisol decreased within hours with a nadir after usually 24-48 h following the IACI. Recovery to baseline takes 1-4 weeks and sometimes longer depending on the type and dose of IACI and on the number of injected joints. Serum cortisol levels were blunted following adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in a small proportion of patients following methylprednisolone acetate injection and more common following other preparations. IACI resulted in a transient increase in blood glucose levels over few days in controlled diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis. Peak levels are around 300 mg%. IACIs are associated with reduction in inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate that start few days following the IACI and could last for months. The effect on inflammatory cytokines is immediate with significant decrease within hours. IACI may induce remission also in patients with oligo-/polyarthritis and/or in patients with extra-articular manifestations. Other metabolic, hematologic, vascular, allergic, visual, psychologic, and other effects were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Habib
- Department of Medicine, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, 34362, Israel.
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Alex P, Zachos NC, Nguyen T, Gonzales L, Chen TE, Conklin LS, Centola M, Li X. Distinct cytokine patterns identified from multiplex profiles of murine DSS and TNBS-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:341-52. [PMID: 18942757 PMCID: PMC2643312 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine network in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, dynamic system that plays an important role in regulating mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses. While several studies have been done to evaluate immunomodulatory profiles in murine IBD, they have been limited to a relatively small number of cytokines that do not take into account its dependency of the interplay of multiple factors, and therefore the diagnostic potential of their cytokine profiles have been inconclusive. METHODS A novel approach of comprehensive serum multiplex cytokine profiling with biometric immunosandwich ELISA's was used to describe the modulation of 16 Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines and chemokines in both acute and chronic murine models of DSS and TNBS-induced colitis. Advanced multivariate discriminant functional analyses (DFA) was used to identify statistically interrelated sets of variables with the most significant power to discriminate among the groups. Profiles of multiple cytokines seen systemically were also validated locally in colonic mucosa using Western blot analysis and fluorescent immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Distinctive disease-specific cytokine profiles were identified with significant correlations to disease activity and duration of disease. TNBS colitis exhibits heightened Th1-Th17 response (increased IL-12 and IL-17) as the disease becomes chronic. In contrast, DSS colitis switches from a Th1-Th17-mediated acute inflammation (increased TNF-alpha, IL6, IL-17, and KC) to a predominant Th2-mediated inflammatory response (increase in IL-4 and IL-10 and concomitant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL6, IL-17, and KC) in the chronic state. Moreover, DFA identified discriminatory cytokine profiles that can be sufficiently used to distinguish unaffected controls from diseases, and one disease type from another. IL-6 and IL-12 stratified gender-associated disease activity in chronic colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide insight into disease immunopathogenesis and illustrate the significant potential of utilizing multiplex cytokine profiles and bioinformatics as diagnostic tools in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Alex
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Nicholas C. Zachos
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Liberty Gonzales
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Tian E. Chen
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laurie S. Conklin
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Centola
- Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xuhang Li
- Div of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,Address correspondence to: Xuhang Li, Ph.D. Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1120 Ross, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, Tel: 443-287-4804, Fax: 410-955-9677
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