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Wang J, Ma Z, Wang C, Chen W. Melanin in Auricularia auricula: biosynthesis, production, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1751-1758. [PMID: 38752125 PMCID: PMC11091032 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Auricularia auricular (A. auricula), a nutritious fungus and traditional medicinal resource, is known for melanin. This review aims to summarize the research progress on melanin in A. auricula, specifically focusing on biosynthesis, fermentation production, extraction processes, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications. The biosynthesis of melanin in A. auricula primarily involves the oxidative polymerization reaction of phenolic compounds. To enhance melanin production, strategies such as deep fermentation culture, selection of optimal fermentation materials, and optimization of the culture medium have been employed. Various extraction processes have been compared to determine their impact on the physicochemical properties and stability of melanin. Moreover, the antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of A. auricula melanin, as well as its potential beneficial effects on the human body through in vivo experiments, have been investigated. These findings provide valuable insights into the application of A. auricula melanin and serve as a reference for future research in this field. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
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Mukherjee A, Pal S, Parhi S, Karki S, Ingole PG, Ghosh P. One-Pot Extraction of Bioresources from Human Hair via a Zero-Waste Green Route. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15759-15768. [PMID: 37151520 PMCID: PMC10157874 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the extraction of bioresources from biowaste via green chemistry and their utilization for the production of materials has gained global momentum due to growing awareness of the concepts of sustainability. Herein, we report a benign process using an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl), for the simultaneous extraction of keratin and melanin from human hair. Chemical characterization, secondary structure studies, and thermal analysis of the regenerated protein were performed thoroughly. Hemolytic potential assays demonstrated hemocompatibility of the keratin, and thus, it can be used in blood-contacting biomaterials such as sealants, catheters, hemostats, tissue engineering scaffolds, and so on. Scanning electron microscopy showed retention of the ellipsoidal morphology of melanin after the extraction procedure. The pigment demonstrated the ability to reduce 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl indicative of its free-radical scavenging activity. Notably, the IL could be recovered and recycled from the dialysis remains which also exhibited conductivity and can be potentially used for bioelectronics. Altogether, this work investigates an extraction process of biopolymers using green chemistry from abundantly available biowaste for the production of biomaterials and does not produce any noxious waste matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Mukherjee
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreyasi Pal
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India
| | - Shivangi Parhi
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, 700032 Kolkata, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sachin Karki
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, NH-37, Pulibor, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India
| | - Pravin G. Ingole
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, NH-37, Pulibor, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India
| | - Paulomi Ghosh
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Plot No. DG/02/02, Action Area 1D,
Newtown, Kolkata, 700156 West Bengal, India
- ,
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Differences between water-soluble and water-insoluble melanin derived from Inonotus hispidus mushroom. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liu R, Meng X, Mo C, Wei X, Ma A. Melanin of fungi: from classification to application. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:228. [PMID: 36149606 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a secondary metabolite composed of complex heterogeneous polymers. Fungal melanin is considered to be a sustainable and biodegradable natural pigment and has a variety of functional properties and biological activities. On one hand, due to its own specific properties it can play the role of antioxidant, anti-radiation, adsorption, and photoprotection. On the other hand, it has good biological activities such as hepatoprotective effect, hypolipidemic effect and anti-cancer. Therefore, it is widely used in various fields of daily life, including dyeing, food, biomedical and commercial industry. It is conducive to environmental protection and human health. However, the insolubility of fungal melanin in water, acids and organic solvents has been an obstacle to its commercial applications. Thus, the chemical modification methods of fungal melanin are summarized to increase its solubility and expand the application fields. Although fungal melanin has been used in many industries, as the structure and function of fungal melanin and modified melanin are further studied, more functional properties and bioactivities are expected to be discovered for a wide range of applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfu Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiyuan Mo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 430070, Wuhan, China.
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Gao L, Yang L, Guo L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Xie J, Shi N. Improving the solubility of melanin nanoparticles from apricot kernels is a potent drug delivery system. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221124418. [DOI: 10.1177/22808000221124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanin can be used in biomedical nanomaterials, but its solubility in water and bioavailability are low. Aim: Melanin nanoparticles were prepared and then PEG-natural melanin nanoparticles (NMNP-PEG) were obtained with good performance and optimize their (water solubility, dispersion stability, chelating metal ions, photothermal stability, drug delivery, and biocompatibility), therefore improve the water solubility of melanin and broaden its application scope in biology, medicine, food, and other fields. Methods: MFAK (melanin from apricot kernels) and NMNP-PEG were prepared and characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron microscopy. The chelation rate of metal ions, photothermal effect, doxorubicin loading, and cytotoxicity (MCF-7 cells) were examined. Results: UV-Vis, HPLC, FTIR, and NMR indicated that NMNPs contained melanin. NMNPs could be successfully modified using PEG. Under physiological pH conditions (pH 7.4), the metal ion chelation rate of NMNP-PEG increased with time and peaked at 12 h. The photothermal assay showed a temperature enhancement of 26.3°C with 1 mg/mL NMNP-PEG, compared with 1.9℃ with water. The NMNP-PEGs had a typical peak for doxorubicin in the FTIR spectrum, and the peak intensity was proportional to the drug loading. The release of doxorubicin in an acidic buffer was 40.8% at 24 h, almost threefold that in a neutral buffer (11.9%). There was no obvious cytotoxicity from NMNP-PEG. Conclusion: NMNP-PEG displays good stability, high metal ion chelation ability, efficient photothermal conversion potential, drug-retaining capability, sustained controlled drug release, and biocompatibility. This study provides a theoretical basis for NMNP-PEG applications in medicine (targeting specific sites to diagnose and treat diseases), food (extending the shelf life of food), and biology (as metal ion chelating agents to remove heavy metals from wastewater).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lixiao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yinghu Zhao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Nan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Huang X, Yang C, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Zhou L. Cuttlefish ink-based N and S co-doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive and selective para-nitrophenol detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5351-5359. [PMID: 34730132 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01496j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Para-nitrophenol (PNP) is an important raw material for organic synthesis and its extensive use has produced a series of environmental problems. Here, we develop a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent detection method for PNP with cuttlefish ink-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The cuttlefish ink, which is rich in eumelanin, is utilized as the only precursor to synthesize the CQDs via a one-step hydrothermal method. The resultant CQDs were co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur and exhibited excellent fluorescence properties. Two optimal emissions can be observed at the excitation/emission wavelengths of 320/385 nm and 390/465 nm, respectively. In the presence of PNP, the two emissions are remarkably quenched. PNP can be measured in the linear detection concentration range of 1.25-50 μM (Em = 385 nm and R2 = 0.9884) or 1.25-27.5 μM (Em = 465 nm and R2 = 0.9818) with a detection limit of 0.05 μM. Significantly, it is found that a much wider linear detection range of 0.05-125 μM with a lower detection limit of 0.039 μM (3σ/k) can be achieved when log(I385 nm + I465 nm) was utilized to quantify PNP. The investigations of the sensing mechanism suggested that the inner filter effect and photoinduced electron transfer of PNP and N,S-CQDs leads to fluorescence quenching. The sensing method is successfully applied for PNP detection in real water samples with satisfactory recoveries (91.18-103.14%). A new sustainable waste-prevention strategy of cuttlefish ink and a feasible alternative to PNP detection methods is provided in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Chunli Yang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Yingxin Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Zebin Zhu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Lihua Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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Lin Y, Chen H, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Guo W, Lv X, Rao P, Ni L, Liu P. Auricularia auricula Melanin Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Mice Exposed to Alcohol Intake. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102436. [PMID: 34681485 PMCID: PMC8535349 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of Auricularia auricula melanin (AAM) on the intestinal flora and liver metabolome in mice exposed to alcohol intake were investigated for the first time. The results showed that oral administration of AAM significantly reduced the abnormal elevation of serum total triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and significantly inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in mice exposed to alcohol intake. Besides, the abnormally high levels of bile acids (BAs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the liver of mice with alcohol intake were significantly decreased by AAM intervention, while the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were appreciably increased. Compared with the model group, AAM supplementation significantly changed the composition of intestinal flora and up-regulated the levels of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, etc. Furthermore, liver metabolomics demonstrated that AAM had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with alcohol intake, especially the metabolites involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling system, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. At the gene level, AAM treatment regulated the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response related genes in liver, including ACC-1, FASn, CPT-1, CD36, IFN-γ, LDLr and TNF-α. Conclusively, these findings suggest that AAM has potential beneficial effects on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and is expected to become a new functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Hua Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil, Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China;
| | - Yingjia Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Weiling Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xucong Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Penghu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (P.L.)
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Functional perspective of black fungi (Auricularia auricula): Major bioactive components, health benefits and potential mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hou R, Liu X, Wu X, Zheng M, Fu J. Therapeutic effect of natural melanin from edible fungus Auricularia auricula on alcohol-induced liver damage in vitro and in vivo. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Chen L, Chi Z, Liu GL, Xue SJ, Wang ZP, Hu Z, Chi ZM. Improved pullulan production by a mutant of Aureobasidium melanogenum TN3-1 from a natural honey and capsule shell preparation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:268-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liu X, Hou R, Wang D, Mai M, Wu X, Zheng M, Fu J. Comprehensive utilization of edible mushroom Auricularia auricula waste residue-Extraction, physicochemical properties of melanin and its antioxidant activity. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3774-3783. [PMID: 31763027 PMCID: PMC6848827 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of the Auricularia auricula waste residue, the extraction process and the physicochemical properties of melanin from A. auricula waste residue were studied. Furthermore, the chemical antioxidant activity of waste residue melanin and its protective effect on cell oxidative injury induced by H2O2 were investigated. The results indicated that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process could be used to extract the melanin from A. auricula waste residue. Melanin had a good solubility in alkali solution and exhibited a certain stability to thermal. There was no significant difference between A. auricula melanin control group and waste residue melanin on ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Waste residue melanin significantly inhibited the cell death caused by H2O2, and the cell viability was restored to 98.09 ± 5.97% when the melanin concentration was 1.6 mg/ml. Cell morphology observation confirmed that the melanin ameliorated the morphological changes of cells induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Food SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ruolin Hou
- College of Food SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Danting Wang
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Mengxian Mai
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Mycological Research CenterCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- College of Food SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Junsheng Fu
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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Hou R, Liu X, Yan J, Xiang K, Wu X, Lin W, Chen G, Zheng M, Fu J. Characterization of natural melanin from Auricularia auricula and its hepatoprotective effect on acute alcohol liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:1017-1027. [PMID: 30706914 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01624k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the natural melanin from Auricularia auricula and investigated its hepatoprotective effect on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. The characterization of the melanin was analyzed based on elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible), infrared spectrum (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR). To determine the liver protective effect of Auricularia auricula melanin, mice were administered with the melanin once daily for 3 weeks before ethanol induced liver injury. Biochemical parameters of liver function, histopathological sections, mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant enzyme were compared between mice with or without the melanin administered. Results showed that A. auricula melanin was a eumelanin and the average molecular weight was 48.99 kDa. The melanin can protect the mice from ethanol-induced liver injury by extending the duration of the righting reflex, and shortening the duration of the recovery. The liver index, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in mice treated with the melanin were significantly decreased. At the same time, the levels of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and antioxidase such as catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Its protective effect may be related to the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant enzymes such as glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), and NADP(H) quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1). These results suggested that A. auricula melanin may be an effective strategy to alleviate alcohol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Hou
- College of Food sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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13
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Production, physico-chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of natural melanin from submerged cultures of the mushroom Auricularia auricula. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Li C, Chen Y, Tang B. Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Melanin Extracted from Sunflower Testae. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils
| | - Yun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils
| | - Boping Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils
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15
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Li L, Shi F, Li J, Huang Q, Xu C, Yang L, Yang Q, Shaikh F, Ye M. Immunoregulatory effect assessment of a novel melanin and its carboxymethyl derivative. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1831-1834. [PMID: 28284807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel melanin with low molecular weight (LIM205, 522Da) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Lachnum sp. and its carboxymethyl derivative (CLIM205) was prepared. The immunoregulatory effects of LIM205 and CLIM205 in immuno-compromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide were investigated. The results demonstrated that both LIM205 and CLIM205 could significantly increase the thymus and spleen indices, specific and nonspecific (including carbon clearance ability) immunity, humoral and cellular immunity of mice. Treatment with LIM205 and CLIM205 could increase activities of SOD, GSH-PX, CAT and decrease content of MDA in the mice. Furthermore, for all animal tests, the immunoregulatory activities of CLIM205 were more prominent than that of LIM205. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the natural products LIM205, as well as its carboxymethyl derivative CLIM205, had significant immunoregulatory activities, which might be a promising source of immunoregulator in healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fang Shi
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qianli Huang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Can Xu
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Farnaz Shaikh
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Prados-Rosales R, Toriola S, Nakouzi A, Chatterjee S, Stark R, Gerfen G, Tumpowsky P, Dadachova E, Casadevall A. Structural Characterization of Melanin Pigments from Commercial Preparations of the Edible Mushroom Auricularia auricula. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7326-7332. [PMID: 26244793 PMCID: PMC4862413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many of the most widely consumed edible mushrooms are pigmented, and these have been associated with some beneficial health effects. Nevertheless, the majority of the reported compounds associated with these desirable properties are non-pigmented. We have previously reported that melanin pigment from the edible mushroom Auricularia auricula can protect mice against ionizing radiation, although no physicochemical characterization was reported. Consequently, in this study we have characterized commercial A. auricula mushroom preparations for melanin content and carried out structural characterization of isolated insoluble melanin materials using a panel of sophisticated spectroscopic and physical/imaging techniques. Our results show that approximately 10% of the dry mass of A. auricula is melanin and that the pigment has physicochemical properties consistent with those of eumelanins, including hosting a stable free radical population. Electron microscopy studies show that melanin is associated with the mushroom cell wall in a manner similar to that of melanin from the model fungus C. neoformans. Elemental analysis of melanin indicated C, H, and N ratios consistent with 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid/5,6-dihydroxyindole and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene eumelanin. Validation of the identity of the isolated product as melanin was achieved by EPR analysis. A. auricula melanin manifested structural differences, relative to the C. neoformans melanin, with regard to the variable proportions of alkyl chains or oxygenated carbons. Given the necessity for new oral and inexpensive radioprotective materials coupled with the commercial availability of A. auricula mushrooms, this product may represent an excellent source of edible melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Stacy Toriola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Antonio Nakouzi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Subhasish Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Ruth Stark
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Gary Gerfen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Paul Tumpowsky
- Goodwin and Wells, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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