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Rodrigues AM, Mendes AR, Caeiro MF, Figueiredo AC, Ascensão L. New Reports on the Portuguese Endemic Species, Santolina impressa: Secretory Structures, Essential Oil Composition and Antiviral Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2391. [PMID: 37446952 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Santolina impressa is an aromatic Asteraceae species endemic to Portugal, traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to characterize S. impressa secretory structures, analyze the essential oil (EO) from the aerial organs, and evaluate its antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2. Secretory structures were investigated by light and scanning microscopy, and the secretion was histochemically characterized. The EO from the aerial organs in full blooming was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antiviral assays were performed by direct contact with viral suspensions (virucidal effect), and in infected Vero E6 cells, at different time periods during the viral replication cycle. Two types of secretory structures were described, biseriate glandular trichomes and secretory ducts, producing an oleoresin and a resin rich in flavonoids, respectively. Fifty compounds were identified in S. impressa EO, accounting for 87% of the total constituents. Monoterpenes constituted the main EO fraction (82%), with β-pinene (13%) and β-phellandrene (10%) being their major components. The EO interacted with HSV-1 and HSV-2 in a dose-dependent manner, thereby inactivating both viral infections. The EO did not evidence a virucidal effect but inhibited the HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection in Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, further studies are needed to investigate the mode of action in the replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Rodrigues
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), DBV, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Mendes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), DBV, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Caeiro
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), DBV, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Figueiredo
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), DBV, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lia Ascensão
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), DBV, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Martínez-Aguilar V, Peña-Juárez MG, Carrillo-Sanchez PC, López-Zamora L, Delgado-Alvarado E, Gutierrez-Castañeda EJ, Flores-Martínez NL, Herrera-May AL, Gonzalez-Calderon JA. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of SiO 2 Modified with Cinnamon Essential Oil ( Cinnamomum Verum) for Its Use as a Nanofiller in Active Packaging PLA Films. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051090. [PMID: 37237956 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main causes of food spoilage is the lipid oxidation of its components, which generates the loss of nutrients and color, together with the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. In order to minimize these effects, active packaging has played an important role in preservation in recent years. Therefore, in the present study, an active packaging film was developed using polylactic acid (PLA) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) (0.1% w/w) chemically modified with cinnamon essential oil (CEO). For the modification of the NPs, two methods (M1 and M2) were tested, and their effects on the chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of the polymer matrix were evaluated. The results showed that CEO conferred to SiO2 NPs had a high percentage of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical inhibition (>70%), cell viability (>80%), and strong inhibition to E. coli, at 45 and 11 µg/mL for M1 and M2, respectively, and thermal stability. Films were prepared with these NPs, and characterizations and evaluations on apple storage were performed for 21 days. The results show that the films with pristine SiO2 improved tensile strength (28.06 MPa), as well as Young's modulus (0.368 MPa) since PLA films only presented values of 27.06 MPa and 0.324 MPa, respectively; however, films with modified NPs decreased tensile strength values (26.22 and 25.13 MPa), but increased elongation at break (from 5.05% to 10.32-8.32%). The water solubility decreased from 15% to 6-8% for the films with NPs, as well as the contact angle, from 90.21° to 73° for the M2 film. The water vapor permeability increased for the M2 film, presenting a value of 9.50 × 10-8 g Pa-1 h-1 m-2. FTIR analysis indicated that the addition of NPs with and without CEO did not modify the molecular structure of pure PLA; however, DSC analysis indicated that the crystallinity of the films was improved. The packaging prepared with M1 (without Tween 80) showed good results at the end of storage: lower values in color difference (5.59), organic acid degradation (0.042), weight loss (24.24%), and pH (4.02), making CEO-SiO2 a good component to produce active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martínez-Aguilar
- Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona No. 550 Col. Lomas 2da. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Mariana G Peña-Juárez
- Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona No. 550 Col. Lomas 2da. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Perla C Carrillo-Sanchez
- Maestría en Ingeniería y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad de La Salle Bajío, Av. Universidad 602, Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Mexico
| | - Leticia López-Zamora
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de Méxicoen Orizaba, Oriente 9 No. 852 Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba 94320, Mexico
| | - Enrique Delgado-Alvarado
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Blvd. Av. Ruiz Cortines No. 455 Fracc. Costa Verde, Boca del Río 94294, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Blvd. Av. Ruiz Cortines No. 455 Fracc. Costa Verde, Boca del Río 94294, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel J Gutierrez-Castañeda
- Cátedras CONACYT-Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550 Lomas 2da Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Norma L Flores-Martínez
- Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica de Guanajuato, Avenida Universidad Sur #1001 Comunidad Juan Alonso, Cortazar 38496, Mexico
| | - Agustín L Herrera-May
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Blvd. Av. Ruiz Cortines No. 455 Fracc. Costa Verde, Boca del Río 94294, Mexico
- Maestría en Ingeniería Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería de la Construcción y el Hábitat, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río 94294, Mexico
| | - Jose Amir Gonzalez-Calderon
- Cátedras CONACYT-Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava #64, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78290, Mexico
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3
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Application of essential oils as sanitizer alternatives on the postharvest washing of fresh produce. Food Chem 2023; 407:135101. [PMID: 36481474 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Growers commonly wash fresh produce with chemical sanitizers during postharvest handling. However, these sanitizers can be harsh to washing systems and pose a health risk to workers. Essential oils (EOs) can be used as alternatives to chemical sanitizers in produce washing. Previous studies reveal that the EOs from thyme, oregano, cinnamon, and clove are the main EOs evaluated in the studies as potential sanitizers for the washing of produce. The use of EOs and surfactants, such as tween80 and cetylpyridinium chloride, might be used to improve the antimicrobial activity of emulsions. However, studies are still required to evaluate the potential effect of different chemical components of EOs and preparations. Also, it is recommended that researchers focus on overcoming obstacles regarding EOs application in washing systems, including the high levels of EO required to reduce bacterial growth, undesired organoleptic impact on produce, and the poor solubility of EOs in aqueous solution.
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Nano-technology platforms to increase the antibacterial drug suitability of essential oils: A drug prospective assessment. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Balázs VL, Filep R, Répás F, Kerekes E, Szabó P, Kocsis B, Böszörményi A, Krisch J, Horváth G. Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don) Essential Oil Showed Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activity against Respiratory Tract Pathogens. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175518. [PMID: 36080283 PMCID: PMC9457731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm formation of bacteria in different parts of the human body can influence the success of antibiotic therapy. Essential oils (EOs) and their components are becoming increasingly popular in point of view of medicinal applications, because of their antibacterial efficacy. The immortelle EO has been used traditionally as an expectorant; however, there are no studies summarizing its antibacterial effect against respiratory tract bacteria. Our aim was to investigate the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activity of immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) EO against respiratory tract pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In order to prove the antibacterial effect of the immortelle EO, broth microdilution and biofilm inhibition tests, and membrane damage assay were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the structural modifications in bacterial cells. Our results showed that immortelle EO has antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against respiratory tract bacteria used in this study. H. parainfluenzae was the most sensitive to each treatment, however, P. aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria. In conclusion, the studied EO may have a role in the treatment of respiratory tract infections due to their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória L. Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Filep
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fanni Répás
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Szabó
- Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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6
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Reis DR, Ambrosi A, Luccio MD. Encapsulated essential oils: a perspective in food preservation. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter, a Rapidly Spreading Invasive Plant: Chemistry and Bioactivity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030895. [PMID: 35164160 PMCID: PMC8840657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dittrichia graveolens L. Greuter belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an aromatic herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean region. This plant species has been extensively studied for its biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase, and for its peculiar metabolic profile. In particular, bioactivities are related to terpenes and flavonoids metabolites, such as borneol (40), tomentosin (189), inuviscolide (204). However, D. graveolens is also well known for causing health problems both in animals and humans. Moreover, the species is currently undergoing a dramatic northward expansion of its native range related to climate change, now including North Europe, California, and Australia. This review represents an updated overview of the 52 literature papers published in Scopus and PubMed dealing with expansion, chemistry (262 different compounds), pharmacological effects, and toxicology of D. graveolens up to October 2021. The review is intended to boost further studies to determine the molecular pathways involved in the observed activities, bioavailability, and clinical studies to explore new potential applications.
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Koc K, Aysin F, Ozek NS, Geyikoglu F, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Abuc OO, Cakmak O, Deniz GY. Inula graveolens induces selective cytotoxicity in glioblastoma and chronic leukemia cells. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1771-1778. [PMID: 34909948 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crude oil extracts, components of extracts, and ethanolic extracts of Inula graveolens possess various pharmacological activities on various cancer cells including antioxidative and antiproliferative effects. Aqueous extract of this species has not been investigated on the liquid malignancies and solid tumors with a high incidence of treatment refractoriness and poor survival outcomes such as glioblastoma and leukemia. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic efficiency of I. graveolens aqueous extracts on human glioblastoma multiforme and chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines in comparison to non-cancerous primary rat cerebral cortex and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. METHODS The cells were treated with the extracts of I. graveolens (125-1000 μg/mL) for 48 h, the cellular viability was identified using 3'-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and lactate dehydrogenase release was measured to determine the cytotoxic potential. Total oxidant status and apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 assays were used to determine the oxidative status of cells and DNA damage, respectively. RESULTS I. graveolens showed selective cytotoxicity toward human glioblastoma multiforme and chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines and exhibited a higher antiproliferative effect against cancer cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells. Moreover, it significantly reduced the apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 levels on both cancer cell lines as compared with their control cells without changing the levels of an oxidative stress marker. CONCLUSION The extracts of I. graveolens have anti-cancer potential on human glioblastoma multiforme and chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines without causing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Koc
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology - Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ferhunde Aysin
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology - Erzurum, Turkey.,Ataturk University, East Anatolian High Technology Research and Application Center - Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nihal Simsek Ozek
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology - Erzurum, Turkey.,Ataturk University, East Anatolian High Technology Research and Application Center - Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology - Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology - Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozgul Abuc
- Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology - Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cakmak
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology - Erzurum, Turkey
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Vianna TC, Marinho CO, Marangoni Júnior L, Ibrahim SA, Vieira RP. Essential oils as additives in active starch-based food packaging films: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1803-1819. [PMID: 34058206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of sustainable food packaging from renewable sources represents a prominent alternative to the use of petrochemical-based plastics. For example, starch remains one of the more closely studied replacement options due to its broad availability, low cost and significant advances in improving properties. In this context, essential oils as additives fulfil a key role in the manufacture of renewable active packaging with superior performances. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the impact of adding essential oils to the starch-based films is provided. After a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts related to starch and essential oils, details on the most recent advances in obtaining active starch-based films are presented. Subsequently, the effects of essential oils addition on the structure-property relationships (from physicochemical to antimicrobial ones) are thoroughly addressed. Finally, applications and challenges to the widespread use of essential oils are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomás Corrêa Vianna
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 500 Albert Einstein Avenue, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Marinho
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 500 Albert Einstein Avenue, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Marangoni Júnior
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Salam Adnan Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Roniérik Pioli Vieira
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 500 Albert Einstein Avenue, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang K, Liu A, Hu A, Li J, Zen Z, Liu Y, Tang S, Li C. Preparation and characterization of cinnamon essential oil nanocapsules and comparison of volatile components and antibacterial ability of cinnamon essential oil before and after encapsulation. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Rodríguez-López MI, Mercader-Ros MT, Lucas-Abellán C, Pellicer JA, Pérez-Garrido A, Pérez-Sánchez H, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, Gabaldón JA, Núñez-Delicado E. Comprehensive Characterization of Linalool-HP-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215069. [PMID: 33139617 PMCID: PMC7662393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to obtain linalool- cyclodextrin (CDs) solid complexes for possible applications in the food industry. For this purpose, a detailed study of linalool complexation was carried out at different pH values, to optimize the type of CDs and reaction medium that support the highest quantity of encapsulated linalool. Once demonstrated the ability of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CDs), to form inclusion complexes with linalool (KC = 921 ± 21 L mol−1) and given their greater complexation efficacy (6.788) at neutral pH, HP-β-CDs were selected to produce solid inclusion complexes by using two different energy sources, ultrasounds and microwave irradiation, subsequently spraying the solutions obtained in the Spray Dryer. To provide scientific solidity to the experimental results, the complexes obtained were characterized by using different instrumental techniques in order to confirm the inclusion of linalool in the HP-β-CDs hydrophobic cavity. The linalool solid complexes obtained were characterized by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (ROSEY), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Moreover, the structure of the complex obtained were also characterized by molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Rodríguez-López
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.T.M.-R.); (C.L.-A.); (J.A.P.); (M.J.Y.-G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - María Teresa Mercader-Ros
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.T.M.-R.); (C.L.-A.); (J.A.P.); (M.J.Y.-G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Carmen Lucas-Abellán
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.T.M.-R.); (C.L.-A.); (J.A.P.); (M.J.Y.-G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - José Antonio Pellicer
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.T.M.-R.); (C.L.-A.); (J.A.P.); (M.J.Y.-G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Alfonso Pérez-Garrido
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.P.-G.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.P.-G.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - María Josefa Yáñez-Gascón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.T.M.-R.); (C.L.-A.); (J.A.P.); (M.J.Y.-G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.T.M.-R.); (C.L.-A.); (J.A.P.); (M.J.Y.-G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Estrella Núñez-Delicado
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.T.M.-R.); (C.L.-A.); (J.A.P.); (M.J.Y.-G.); (J.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-827-8869
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12
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Memariani H, Memariani M, Robati RM, Nasiri S, Abdollahimajd F, Baseri Z, Moravvej H. Anti-Staphylococcal and cytotoxic activities of the short anti-microbial peptide PVP. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:174. [PMID: 33083940 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, short anti-microbial peptides have drawn growing attention in the research and trade literature because they are usually capable of killing a broad spectrum of pathogens by employing unique mechanisms of action. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial effects of a previously designed peptide named PVP towards the clinical strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. Secondary structure, cytotoxicity, and membrane-permeabilizing effects of the peptide were also assessed. PVP had a tendency to adopt alpha-helical conformation based upon structural predictions and circular dichroism spectroscopy (in 50% trifluoroethanol). The peptide showed MIC values ranging from 1 to 16 µg/mL against 10 strains of MRSA. In contrast to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, PVP at sub-lethal concentration (1 µg/mL) did not provoke the development of peptide resistance after 14 serial passages. Remarkably, 1 h of exposure to 4 × MBC of PVP (8 µg/mL) was sufficient for total bacterial clearance, whereas 4 × MBC of vancomycin (8 µg/mL) failed to totally eradicate bacterial cells, even after 8 h. PVP showed negligible cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblasts at concentrations required to kill the MRSA strains. The results of flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence microscopy revealed that PVP caused bacterial membrane permeabilization, eventually culminating in cell death. Owing to the potent anti-bacterial activity, fast bactericidal kinetics, and negligible cytotoxicity, PVP has the potential to be used as a candidate antibiotic for the topical treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Mahmoud Robati
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Nasiri
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohre Baseri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Moravvej
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimycotoxigenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils: An Updated Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204711. [PMID: 33066611 PMCID: PMC7587387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in using natural antimicrobials instead of chemical preservatives in food products has been increasing in recent years. In regard to this, essential oils-natural and liquid secondary plant metabolites-are gaining importance for their use in the protection of foods, since they are accepted as safe and healthy. Although research studies indicate that the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils (EOs) are more common compared to other biological activities, specific concerns have led scientists to investigate the areas that are still in need of research. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review paper in which antifungal and especially antimycotoxigenic effects are compiled. Further, the low stability of essential oils under environmental conditions such as temperature and light has forced scientists to develop and use recent approaches such as encapsulation, coating, use in edible films, etc. This review provides an overview of the current literature on essential oils mainly on antifungal and antimycotoxigenic but also their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the recent applications of EOs including encapsulation, edible coatings, and active packaging are outlined.
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Sanna C, Maxia A, Fenu G, Loi MC. So Uncommon and so Singular, but Underexplored: An Updated Overview on Ethnobotanical Uses, Biological Properties and Phytoconstituents of Sardinian Endemic Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E958. [PMID: 32751394 PMCID: PMC7465485 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The last decades have recorded an increase of plant-based drug discovery processes. Indeed, natural products possess a superior chemical diversity as compared to synthetic ones, leading to a renewal in searching for new therapeutic agents from the plant kingdom. In particular, since the structural variety of natural compounds reflects the biodiversity of their source organisms, regions of the world with high biodiversity and endemism deserve particular interest. In this context, Sardinia Island (Italy), with 290 endemic taxa (12% of the total flora), is expected to provide unique and structurally diverse phytochemicals for drug development. Several research groups built up a large program dedicated to the analysis of Sardinian endemic species, highlighting their peculiar features, both in respect of phytochemical and biological profiles. On this basis, the aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview on ethnobotanical uses, biological properties and phytoconstituents of Sardinian endemic plants in order to support their beneficial potential and to provide input for future investigations. We documented 152 articles published from 1965 to June 2020 in which a broad range of biological activities and the identification of previously undescribed compounds have been reported, supporting their great value as sources of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.C.L.)
- Co.S.Me.Se—Consorzio per lo Studio dei Metaboliti Secondari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.C.L.)
- Co.S.Me.Se—Consorzio per lo Studio dei Metaboliti Secondari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Loi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.C.L.)
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15
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Acacia senegal Extract Rejuvenates the Activity of Phenicols on Selected Enterobacteriaceae Multi Drug Resistant Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060323. [PMID: 32545716 PMCID: PMC7344600 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reported the phytochemical composition of two hydroethanolic extracts of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees from Burkina Faso and their activities, alone or in combination with selected antibiotics, against multidrug resistant bacteria. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used for phytochemical screening. Total phenolic and total flavonoid ant tannins in leaves extracts contents were assessed by spectrophotometric method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plant extracts and antibiotics were determined using the microdilution method and p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride. Combinations of extracts and antibiotics were studied using checkerboard assays. Screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in the hydroethanolic extract (HE) of the leaves. The HE of A. seyal showed the highest total phenolic (571.30 ± 6.97 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (140.41 ± 4.01 mg RTE/g), and tannins (24.72 ± 0.14%, condensed; 35.77 ± 0.19%, hydrolysable tannins). However, the HE of A. senegal showed the lowest total phenolic (69.84 ± 3.54 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (27.32 ± 0.57 mg RTE/g), and tannins (14.60 ± 0.01%, condensed; 3.09 ± 0.02%, hydrolysable). The MICs for HE and antibiotics were in the range of 2–512 and 0.008–1024 mg/L, respectively. All tested HE presented an MIC greater than 512 mg/L except HE of A. senegal. The lowest MIC value (128 mg/L) was obtained with HE of A. senegal against Klebsiella aerogenes EA298 and Escherichia coli AG100A. Interesting restoring effects on chloramphenicol and florphenicol activity were detected with alcoholic extracts of A. senegal against resistant E. coli and K. aerogenes strains that overproduce AcrAB or FloR pumps. The adjuvant effect of HE of A. senegal suggests that the crude extract of leaves could be a potential source of molecules for improving the susceptibility of bacteria to phenicols antibiotics.
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Sellem I, Chakchouk-Mtibaa A, Zaghden H, Smaoui S, Ennouri K, Mellouli L. Harvesting season dependent variation in chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil obtained from Inula graveolens (L.) grown in Chebba (Tunisia) salt marsh. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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17
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Rodríguez-López MI, Mercader-Ros MT, Pellicer JA, Gómez-López VM, Martínez-Romero D, Núñez-Delicado E, Gabaldón JA. Evaluation of monoterpene-cyclodextrin complexes as bacterial growth effective hurdles. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Bhilwadikar T, Pounraj S, Manivannan S, Rastogi NK, Negi PS. Decontamination of Microorganisms and Pesticides from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review from Common Household Processes to Modern Techniques. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1003-1038. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmayee Bhilwadikar
- Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable TechnologyCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - Saranya Pounraj
- Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable TechnologyCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - S. Manivannan
- Dept. of Food Protectant and Infestation ControlCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - N. K. Rastogi
- Dept. of Food EngineeringCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - P. S. Negi
- Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable TechnologyCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
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Micciche A, Rothrock MJ, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Essential Oils as an Intervention Strategy to Reduce Campylobacter in Poultry Production: A Review. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1058. [PMID: 31139172 PMCID: PMC6527745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and can be acquired through consumption of poultry products. With 1.3 million United States cases a year, the high prevalence of Campylobacter within the poultry gastrointestinal tract is a public health concern and thus a target for the development of intervention strategies. Increasing demand for antibiotic-free products has led to the promotion of various alternative pathogen control measures both at the farm and processing level. One such measure includes utilizing essential oils in both pre- and post-harvest settings. Essential oils are derived from plant-based extracts, and there are currently over 300 commercially available compounds. They have been proposed to control Campylobacter in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. When used in concentrations low enough to not influence sensory characteristics, essential oils have also been proposed to decrease bacterial contamination of the poultry product during processing. This review explores the use of essential oils, particularly thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde, and their role in reducing Campylobacter concentrations both pre- and post-harvest. This review also details the suggested mechanisms of action of essential oils on Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Micciche
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Michael J. Rothrock
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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20
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Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Microbiological Activities of the Essential Oil of Leaf of Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (Asteraceae). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010034. [PMID: 30836657 PMCID: PMC6469183 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant potential, and the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the plant species Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray. The essential oil obtained was used to identify the chemical compounds present through the techniques of GC-MS and NMR. The antioxidant potential was calculated by the sequestration method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. For cytotoxic activity, the larval mortality of Artemia salina was evaluated. The main chemical constituents identified are αpinene (9.9%), Limonene (5.40%), (Z)-β-ocimene (4.02%), p-cymen-8-ol (3.0%), Piperitone (11.72%), (E)-nerolidol (3.78%) and Spathulenol (10.8%). In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. The results showed that the bacterium E. coli were more susceptible to the presence of the essential oil, presenting minimal inhibitory concentration at the concentrations that were exposed. The essential oil presented antioxidant activity of 54.6% at the concentration of 5 mg·mL-1 and provided a CI50 of 4.30. It was observed that the essential oil of this species was highly toxic against A. salina lavas, as its cytotoxic activity showed an LC50 of 3.11. Thus, it is concluded that T. diversifolia oils are effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and reducing oxidative stress.
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Foddai M, Marchetti M, Ruggero A, Juliano C, Usai M. Evaluation of chemical composition and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial activity of essential oil of Sardinian Santolina corsica Jord. & Fourr. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:930-937. [PMID: 31303821 PMCID: PMC6601359 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Santolina corsica Jord. & Fourr. Corsican-Sardinian is an endemism almost present all around Corsica; in Sardinia, it can only be found in Monte Albo (calcareous substratum and poor in nutrients). The aim of our study is to investigate the chemical composition of S. corsica essential oils from plants growing in three different stations located at different altitudes and evaluate the biological activity using anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial test. The composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The essential oils of the Sardinian-Corsican endemism S. corsica, growing in Monte Albo, showed a great variability, probably due to genetic characters different from the Corsican type. We found three different chemotypes: artemisia ketone-β-fellendrene; myrcene and β-fellandrene-myrcene. Standard microbiological assays demonstrated that the essential oils collected in the selected stations, compared with oil and compound with demonstrated antibacterial activity, don't have any antibacterial activity. DPPH test carried out on the tree samples, compared with chatechin, demonstrated that the oils don't have antioxidant activity. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity the study demonstrated that the essential oils have a good anti-inflammatory activity on the bronchial tract. The addition of essential oil make easy the exocytose and the histiocytes can expel the anthracotic pigment into the culture medium, purifying its cytoplasm and restoring its ability to phagocytize more material. With a higher concentration of granulocytes in the sample, the incubation of cells shows a non-specific inflammatory pattern in which the addition of the essential oils has a positive impact on the decrease of granulocytes. More experiments are requested to confirm the data, but on the basis of these first results S. corsica essential oil showed potential activity against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Foddai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mauro Marchetti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Juliano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marianna Usai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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22
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Allaoua M, Etienne P, Noirot V, Carayon JL, Téné N, Bonnafé E, Treilhou M. Pharmacokinetic and antimicrobial activity of a new carvacrol-based product against a human pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1162-1174. [PMID: 29770558 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to test a new carvacrol-based product designed to delay the carvacrol release so that it could reach the caeca of broiler chickens in order to control Campylobacter jejuni. METHODS AND RESULTS Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol, a constituent of oregano and thyme essential oil, has been demonstrated against C. jejuni in vitro, and this compound was found beneficial for broiler growth. Here, we tested a new liquid formulation that did not change the antibacterial efficacy of carvacrol against C. jejuni in vitro, as assessed by broth microdilution. The mode of action of carvacrol also remained unchanged as illustrated by electronic microscopy. A pharmacokinetic assay monitored carvacrol of the solid galenic formulation in the avian digestive tract and this showed that this compound was mainly found in the last part (caeca, large intestine) and in the droppings. Extremely low concentrations of free carvacrol were present in blood plasma, with larger amounts of carvacrol metabolites: carvacrol glucuronide and sulphate. A qPCR analysis showed that the solid galenic form of carvacrol added at 5 kg per tonne of food (i.e. 9·5 mg of carvacrol per kg of bodyweight per day) significantly decreased the C. jejuni caecal load by 1·5 log. CONCLUSIONS The new liquid formulation was as effective as unformulated carvacrol in vitro. In vivo the solid galenic form seems to delay the carvacrol release into the caeca and presented interesting results on C. jejuni load after 35 days. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results suggested that this product could be promising to control Campylobacter contamination of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J-L Carayon
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Biologiques, BTSB, Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - N Téné
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Biologiques, BTSB, Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - E Bonnafé
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Biologiques, BTSB, Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - M Treilhou
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Biologiques, BTSB, Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
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23
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Vieitez I, Maceiras L, Jachmanián I, Alborés S. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of different extracts from herbs obtained by maceration or supercritical technology. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Yuan W, Yuk HG. Antimicrobial efficacy of Syzygium antisepticum plant extract against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and its application potential with cooked chicken. Food Microbiol 2017; 72:176-184. [PMID: 29407395 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the past decades, there has been a growing demand for natural antimicrobials in the food industry. Plant extracts have attracted strong research interests due to their wide-spectrum antimicrobial activities, but only a limited number have been investigated thoroughly. The present study aimed at identifying a novel anti-staphylococcal plant extract, to validate its activity in a food model, and to investigate on its composition and antimicrobial mechanism. Four plant extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in vitro, with Syzygium antisepticum leaf extract showing the strongest antimicrobial activity (MIC = 0.125 mg/mL). Relatively high total phenolic content (276.3 mg GAE/g extract) and antioxidant activities (90.2-138.0 mg TE/g extract) were measured in S. antisepticum extract. Food validation study revealed that higher extract concentration (32 mg/mL) was able to inhibit or reduce staphylococcal growth in cooked chicken, but caused color change on meat surface. By GC-MS, β-caryophyllene (12.76 area%) was identified as the dominant volatile compound in extract. Both crude extract and pure β-caryophyllene induced membrane damages in S. aureus. These results suggested good anti-staphylococcal properties of S. antisepticum plant extract, identified its major volatile composition and its membrane-damaging antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yuan
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk 27909, Republic of Korea.
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Oliveira M, Ferreira V, Magalhães R, Teixeira P. Biocontrol strategies for Mediterranean-style fermented sausages. Food Res Int 2017; 103:438-449. [PMID: 29389634 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Naturally fermented meat sausages have a long tradition in Mediterranean countries and are one of the most important groups of traditional foods consumed throughout Europe. Despite all the advances in food science and technology and increased regulatory requirements and concerns for safety and quality during the last decades, the challenge to control important foodborne pathogens in this type of meat products still persists. Simultaneously, growing consumer interest in safe, high quality and minimal processed products, with less additives/preservatives have driven the food industry and scientists in a crusade for innovative technologies to maintain the safety of these products by natural means. Biological control (biocontrol) fits well within this tendency. This review summarizes the latest achievements on biocontrol strategies applied to Mediterranean-style fermented sausages, namely: (i) bioprotective cultures; (ii) bacteriocins; and, (iii) essential oils (EOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Ferreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Magalhães
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal.
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Silinsin M, Bursal E. UHPLC-MS/MS phenolic profiling and in vitro antioxidant activities of Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1467-1471. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1350673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Silinsin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Ercan Bursal
- Department of Nursing, School of Health, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Kačániová M, Terentjeva M, Vukovic N, Puchalski C, Roychoudhury S, Kunová S, Klūga A, Tokár M, Kluz M, Ivanišová E. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Pseudomonas spp. isolated from fish. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:1108-1116. [PMID: 30166897 PMCID: PMC6111119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products of plant origin, which include essential oils (EO) could be used as a growth inhibitor of pathogenic and spoilage microflora in food. The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of 21 EO against 10 Pseudomonas species isolated from freshwater fish. The chemical composition of EO was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The disc diffusion method and detection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used for the determination of the antimicrobial activity. All the EO tested exhibited antimicrobial activity, however, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO was the most effective against Pseudomonas spp. both according to the disc diffusion and MIC methods. The EOs of Cymbopogon nardus, Origanum vulgare, Foeniculum vulgare and Thymus serpyllum showed the highest antioxidant activity of 93.86 μg, 83.47 μg, 76.74 μg and 74.28 μg TEAC/mL. Application of EO could be an effective tool for inhibition of growth of Pseudomonas spp. on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Department of Bioenergy and Food Technology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture, K. Helmaņa iela 8, LV-3004, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Nenad Vukovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 12, Serbia
| | - Czeslaw Puchalski
- Department of Bioenergy and Food Technology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Simona Kunová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alina Klūga
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture, K. Helmaņa iela 8, LV-3004, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Marián Tokár
- Department of Storing and Processing Plant Products, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Maciej Kluz
- Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Eva Ivanišová
- Department of Storing and Processing Plant Products, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil of Aloysia citriodora Palau Grown in Morocco. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2017; 2017:7801924. [PMID: 28694822 PMCID: PMC5485486 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7801924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of the essential oils of Aloysia citriodora Palau, harvested in different regions of Morocco. The chemical profile was established using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The cytotoxic activity against P815, MCF7, and VERO cell lines as well as the normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated using the MTT assay. Standard, ATCC, strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were cultivated in Muller Hinton media. Then, agar disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined using microdilution method. The essential oils obtained were predominantly composed of β-spathulenol (15.61%), Ar-curcumene (14.15%), trans-caryophyllene oxide (14.14%), and neral (10.02%). The results of the assays showed that the cytotoxic effect of the essential oil of A. citriodora was high on P815 and moderate on MCF7 and on VERO cell lines. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed on PBMCs. On the other hand, essential oils showed a significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. MICs ranged between 2.84 and 8.37 mg/ml. Essential oil of A. citriodora leaves possesses significant antibacterial effect and cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines.
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Miladinović DL, Ilić BS, Kocić BD, Marković MS, Miladinović LC. In Vitro Trials of Dittrichia graveolens Essential Oil Combined with Antibiotics. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter essential oil were examined. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil. The antibacterial activity was investigated by the broth microdilution method against thirteen bacterial strains. The interactions of the essential oil and three standard antibiotics: chloramphenicol, tetracycline and streptomycin toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods: principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the essential oil (40.6%), with bornyl acetate (21.7%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited slight antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains in vitro, but the combinations D. graveolens essential oil-chloramphenicol and D. graveo/ens-tetracycline exhibited mostly synergistic or additive interactions. These combinations reduced the minimum effective dose of the antibiotics and, consequently, minimized their adverse side effects. In contrast, the association of D. graveolens essential oil and streptomycin was characterized by strong antagonistic interactions against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. In the principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), streptomycin against these bacterial strains stood out and formed a separate group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Budimir S. Ilić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Marija S. Marković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Ms, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Horváth G, Ács K. Essential oils in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases highlighting their role in bacterial infections and their anti-inflammatory action: a review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2015; 30:331-341. [PMID: 32313366 PMCID: PMC7163989 DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of multidrug resistant bacteria and growing antibiotic resistance is leading to a continuous need for discovering new drugs and alternative treatments against infections. The investigation of the antibacterial effect of essential oils (EOs), which are commonly used nowadays in cosmetics, health care, traditional medicine and food industry, could be one of the promising solutions for this worldwide problem. EOs have a complex mode of action due to their multiple composition. Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) associated with bacterial infection and inflammation affect a large number of people from every age group worldwide. Because of volatility, EOs can easily reach the upper and lower parts of the respiratory tract via inhalation. Moreover, due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potency, they offer an effective treatment in respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The purpose of this review is to describe the most frequently developing infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract and to show methods used for the determination of the antibacterial activity of EOs by gaseous contact. The mode of action of EOs on bacterial cells and their anti-inflammatory action are also discussed. Results coming from recently performed in vivo animal studies as well as human trials are also reported. Patents deal with the role of EOs and their volatile constituents in the treatment of RTIs are also introduced. On the whole, this review aimed at showing EOs as potential antimicrobials and as anti-inflammatory agents to alleviate symptoms and signs of RTDs including RTIs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Horváth
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of PécsRókus street 27624PécsHungary
| | - Kamilla Ács
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of PécsRókus street 27624PécsHungary
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Calo JR, Crandall PG, O'Bryan CA, Ricke SC. Essential oils as antimicrobials in food systems – A review. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Seca AML, Grigore A, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. The genus Inula and their metabolites: from ethnopharmacological to medicinal uses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:286-310. [PMID: 24754913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Inula comprises more than one hundred species widespread in temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Uses of this genus as herbal medicines have been first recorded by the Greek and Roman ancient physicians. In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, from the 20 Inula spp. distributed in China, three are used as Traditional Chinese medicines, named Tumuxiang, Xuanfuhua and Jinfeicao. These medicines are used as expectorants, antitussives, diaphoretics, antiemetics, and bactericides. Moreover, Inula helenium L. which is mentioned in Minoan, Mycenaean, Egyptian/Assyrian pharmacotherapy and Chilandar Medical Codex, is good to treat neoplasm, wound, freckles and dandruff. Many other Inula spp. are used in Ayurvedic and Tibetan traditional medicinal systems for the treatment of diseases such as bronchitis, diabetes, fever, hypertension and several types of inflammation. This review is a critical evaluation of the published data on the more relevant ethnopharmacological and medicinal uses of Inula spp. and on their metabolites biological activities. This study allows the identification of the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this genus and will provide insight into the emerging pharmacological applications of Inula spp. facilitating the prioritirization of future investigations. The corroboration of the ethnopharmacological applications described in the literature with proved biological activities of Inula spp. secondary metabolites will also be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major scientific databases including ScienceDirect, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were queried for information on the genus Inula using various keyword combinations, more than 180 papers and patents related to the genus Inula were consulted. The International Plant Name Index was also used to confirm the species names. RESULTS Although the benefits of Inula spp. are known for centuries, there are insufficient scientific studies to certify it. Most of the patents are registered by Chinese researchers, proving the traditional use of these plants in their country. Although a total of sixteen Inula species were reported in the literature to have ethnopharmacological applications, the species Inula cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) DC., Inula racemosa Hook.f., Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton [actually the accepted name is Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter], Inula helenium, Inula britannica L. and Inula japonica Thunb. are the most frequently cited ones since their ethnopharmacological applications are vast. They are used to treat a large spectrum of disorders, mainly respiratory, digestive, inflammatory, dermatological, cancer and microbial diseases. Fifteen Inula spp. crude extracts were investigated and showed interesting biological activities. From these, only 7 involved extracts of the reported spp. used in traditional medicine and 6 of these were studied to isolate the bioactive compounds. Furthermore, 90 bioactive compounds were isolated from 16 Inula spp. The characteristic compounds of the genus, sesquiterpene lactones, are involved in a network of biological effects, and in consequence, the majority of the experimental studies are focused on these products, especially on their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The review shows the chemical composition of the genus Inula and presents the pharmacological effects proved by in vitro and in vivo experiments, namely the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory (with focus on nitric oxide, arachidonic acid and NF-κB pathways), antimicrobial, antidiabetic and insecticidal activities. CONCLUSIONS Although there are ca. 100 species in the genus Inula, only a few species have been investigated so far. Eight of the sixteen Inula spp. with ethnopharmacological application had been subjected to biological evaluations and/or phytochemical studies. Despite Inula royleana DC. and Inula obtusifolia A. Kerner are being used in traditional medicine, as far as we are aware, these species were not subjected to phytochemical or pharmacological studies. The biological activities exhibited by the compounds isolated from Inula spp., mainly anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic, support some of the described ethnopharmacological applications. Sesquiterpene lactone derivatives were identified as the most studied class, being britannilactone derivatives the most active ones and present high potential as anti-inflammatory drugs, although, their pharmacological effects, dose-response relationship and toxicological investigations to assess potential for acute or chronic adverse effects should be further investigated. The experimental results are promising, but the precise mechanism of action, the compound or extract toxicity, and the dose to be administrated for an optimal effect need to be investigated. Also human trials (some preclinical studies proved to be remarkable) should be further investigated. The genus Inula comprises species useful not only in medicine but also in other domains which makes it a high value-added plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M L Seca
- DCTD, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Chemistry Department & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Alice Grigore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical-Pharmaceutical R&D, 112 Vitan Av., Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- Chemistry Department & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Chemistry Department & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Exposure to Anacardiaceae volatile oils and their constituents induces lipid peroxidation within food-borne bacteria cells. Molecules 2012; 17:9728-40. [PMID: 22893019 PMCID: PMC6268019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the volatile oils from five Anacardiaceae species and their activities against Gram positive and negative bacteria were assessed. The peroxidative damage within bacterial cell membranes was determined through the breakdown product malondialdehyde (MDA). The major constituents in Anacardiumhumile leaves oil were (E)-caryophyllene (31.0%) and α-pinene (22.0%), and in Anacardium occidentale oil they were (E)-caryophyllene (15.4%) and germacrene-D (11.5%). Volatile oil from Astronium fraxinifolium leaves were dominated by (E)-β-ocimene (44.1%) and α-terpinolene (15.2%), whilst the oil from Myracrodruon urundeuva contained an abundance of δ-3-carene (78.8%). However, Schinus terebinthifolius leaves oil collected in March and July presented different chemical compositions. The oils from all species, except the one from A. occidentale, exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Oil extracted in July from S. terebinthifolius was more active against all bacterial strains than the corresponding oil extracted in March. The high antibacterial activity of the M. urundeuva oil could be ascribed to its high δ-3-carene content. The amounts of MDA generated within bacterial cells indicate that the volatile oils induce lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that one putative mechanism of antibacterial action of these volatile oils is pro-oxidant damage within bacterial cell membrane explaining in part their preservative properties.
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Stojanović-Radić Z, Comić L, Radulović N, Blagojević P, Denić M, Miltojević A, Rajković J, Mihajilov-Krstev T. Antistaphylococcal activity of Inula helenium L. root essential oil: eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones induce cell membrane damage. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1015-25. [PMID: 21901633 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory/bactericidal activity and cell membrane effects of the hydrodistilled essential oil of Inula helenium L. roots against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, detailed chemical investigation was done in order to pinpoint the most active oil constituents and also the parts of these molecules responsible for their antimicrobial effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth microdilution method. The membrane-active nature of this oil was investigated by measuring the culture turbidity, leakage of phosphates, and 260-nm-absorbing material, together with lysis of the exposed cells. Finally, the effect of the oil on the cells was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and preparative medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). Chemical modification of the oil was performed using catalytic hydrogenation (H(2), Pd/C) and reduction with NaBH(4). The MIC and MBC values were 0.01 μl mL(-1) and 0.02 μl mL(-1), respectively. Membrane damage was demonstrated through increased permeability (phosphates and nucleic acid leakage), followed by lysis of the exposed cells, captured on SEM images. The most active constituents were alantolactone, isoalantolactone, and diplophyllin. The essential oil showed very potent antistaphylococcal activity, with obvious membrane-damaging effects. Sesquiterpene lactones were found to be the most active principles of the oil, whose eudesmane core olefinic bonds, along with the α,β-methylene-lactone ring, are essential structural parts responsible for the exhibited antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
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