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Gu Y, Wang Z, Xia X, Zhao G. Nocardia farcinica brain abscess with torque teno virus co-infection: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28632. [PMID: 38590894 PMCID: PMC11000006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Brain abscesses caused by Nocardia are rare and difficult to diagnose. Nocardia farcinica is among the most common species; however, the conventional diagnosis of N. farcinica infection consists of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood culture and Gram staining. These procedures prolong the time to diagnosis and initiating treatment. Case presentation A 69-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presented with headaches and dizziness persisting for 2 weeks, which was initially diagnosed as a brain abscess. Due to the unusual presentation and rapid progression of symptoms, she underwent surgical resection of the brain abscess. No pathogens were detected in blood or CSF cultures. However, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified N. farcinica and Torque teno virus in pus extracted from the abscesses. The patient received appropriate antibiotic therapy and recovered fully without any residual neurological deficits. Conclusion mNGS useful for prompt diagnosis and selection of antibiotic therapy for brain abscesses caused by Nocardia. Surgical intervention is necessary in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zide Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Sabbaghian M, Gheitasi H, Shekarchi AA, Tavakoli A, Poortahmasebi V. The mysterious anelloviruses: investigating its role in human diseases. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:40. [PMID: 38281930 PMCID: PMC10823751 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses (AVs) that infect the human population are members of the Anelloviridae family. They are widely distributed in human populations worldwide. Torque teno virus (TTV) was the first virus of this family to be identified and is estimated to be found in the serum of 80-90% of the human population. Sometime after the identification of TTV, Torque teno mini virus (TTMV) and Torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) were also identified and classified in this family. Since identifying these viruses, have been detected in various types of biological fluids of the human body, including blood and urine, as well as vital organs such as the liver and kidney. They can be transmitted from person to person through blood transfusions, fecal-oral contact, and possibly sexual intercourse. Recent studies on these newly introduced viruses show that although they are not directly related to human disease, they may be indirectly involved in initiating or exacerbating some human population-related diseases and viral infections. Among these diseases, we can mention various types of cancers, immune system diseases, viral infections, hepatitis, and AIDS. Also, they likely use the microRNAs (miRNAs) they encode to fulfill this cooperative role. Also, in recent years, the role of proliferation and their viral load, especially TTV, has been highlighted to indicate the immune system status of immunocompromised people or people who undergo organ transplants. Here, we review the possible role of these viruses in diseases that target humans and highlight them as important viruses that require further study. This review can provide new insights to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabbaghian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Gheitasi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kyathanahalli C, Snedden M, Singh L, Regalia C, Keenan-Devlin L, Borders AE, Hirsch E. Maternal plasma and salivary anelloviruses in pregnancy and preterm birth. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1191938. [PMID: 37396897 PMCID: PMC10309558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1191938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12'0 and 20'6/7 weeks' gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32'0 and 35'6/7 weeks' gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes ("sPTB") were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth ("iPTB"), or delivery at term ("controls"). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel. Results TTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants. Conclusion Anellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madeline Snedden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lavisha Singh
- Department of Statistics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Camilla Regalia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Keenan-Devlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ann E. Borders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Bezerra RDS, Ximenez JPB, Giovanetti M, Zucherato VS, Bitencourt HT, Zimmermann A, Alcantara LCJ, Covas DT, Kashima S, Slavov SN. METAVIROME COMPOSITION OF BRAZILIAN BLOOD DONORS POSITIVE FOR THE ROUTINELY TESTED BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS. Virus Res 2022; 311:198689. [PMID: 35090996 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral metagenomics is widely applied to characterize emerging viral pathogens but it can also reveal the virome composition in health and disease. The evaluation of the virome in healthy blood donors can provide important knowledge on possible transfusion threats. Currently, there is still a paucity of information regarding the virome of blood donors who test positive for routinely tested blood-borne infections. Such analysis may reveal co-infections which in turn appear to be crucial for transfusion medicine and for patient management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metavirome in blood donors who tested positive for routinely tested blood-borne infections, the information for which is important for transfusion medicine and blood donor management. For this purpose, we analyzed 18 blood donations obtained from HIV and HBV-infected blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon (Amapa state) and 11 HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and Chagas disease - positive blood donations obtained from blood donors sampled in South Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state). We additionally included a control group of 20 blood donors obtained from Southeast Brazil (State of São Paulo). Samples were assembled in pools and sequenced by the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. To link a given virus with geographic region or type of blood donor, we performed supervised machine learning classification (fingerprint analysis). The virome of both locations was predominantly composed of commensal viruses. However, in HBV-infected blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon, the Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) reads were prevailing, while in HIV-infected donors from the same location, the torque teno virus (TTV) reads expressive abundance. In blood donors from South Brazil, the most abundant reads were classified as Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K). Putative emerging viruses like the Human gemykibivirus-2 (HuGkV-2) were exclusively identified in samples from the Brazilian Amazon. The fingerprint analysis demonstrated that the HERV-K, TTV-7, 13, and 15 were statistically important for the infected blood donors, while TTV-5, 12 and 20 were linked to geographic localization. Our study revealed differences in the viral composition among blood donors who tested positive for routinely tested blood-borne infections from two different Brazilian regions and indicated the presence of putative emerging viruses in samples obtained from the Amazon. Together our results show that the presence of specific commensal viruses may be related donor infection status but additional investigations including larger study groups and samples from other Brazilian regions are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratory of Flaviviruses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Victoria Simionatto Zucherato
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Zimmermann
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service of Santa Maria, Hospital "Astrogildo de Azevedo" Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Júnior Alcantara
- Laboratory of Flaviviruses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;; Biotechnology Unit (NUCEL), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;; Biotechnology Unit (NUCEL), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bolatti EM, Viarengo G, Zorec TM, Cerri A, Montani ME, Hosnjak L, Casal PE, Bortolotto E, Di Domenica V, Chouhy D, Allasia MB, Barquez RM, Poljak M, Giri AA. Viral Metagenomic Data Analyses of Five New World Bat Species from Argentina: Identification of 35 Novel DNA Viruses. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020266. [PMID: 35208721 PMCID: PMC8880087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are natural reservoirs of a variety of zoonotic viruses, many of which cause severe human diseases. Characterizing viruses of bats inhabiting different geographical regions is important for understanding their viral diversity and for detecting viral spillovers between animal species. Herein, the diversity of DNA viruses of five arthropodophagous bat species from Argentina was investigated using metagenomics. Fecal samples of 29 individuals from five species (Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus, Eumops bonariensis, Eumops patagonicus, and Eptesicus diminutus) living at two different geographical locations, were investigated. Enriched viral DNA was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and the reads were trimmed and filtered using several bioinformatic approaches. The resulting nucleotide sequences were subjected to viral taxonomic classification. In total, 4,520,370 read pairs were sequestered by sequencing, and 21.1% of them mapped to viral taxa. Circoviridae and Genomoviridae were the most prevalent among vertebrate viral families in all bat species included in this study. Samples from the T. brasiliensis colony exhibited lower viral diversity than samples from other species of New World bats. We characterized 35 complete genome sequences of novel viruses. These findings provide new insights into the global diversity of bat viruses in poorly studied species, contributing to prevention of emerging zoonotic diseases and to conservation policies for endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Bolatti
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - Gastón Viarengo
- DETx MOL S.A., Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - Tomaz M. Zorec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Agustina Cerri
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
| | - María E. Montani
- Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Dr. Ángel Gallardo”, San Lorenzo 1949, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (V.D.D.); (R.M.B.)
- Instituto PIDBA (Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Lea Hosnjak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Pablo E. Casal
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - Eugenia Bortolotto
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Violeta Di Domenica
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (V.D.D.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Diego Chouhy
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
- DETx MOL S.A., Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - María Belén Allasia
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Rubén M. Barquez
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (V.D.D.); (R.M.B.)
- Instituto PIDBA (Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.Z.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.A.G.); Tel.: +386-1-543-7454 (M.P.); +54-341-435-0661 (ext. 116) (A.A.G.); Fax: +54-341-439-0465 (A.A.G.)
| | - Adriana A. Giri
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.A.G.); Tel.: +386-1-543-7454 (M.P.); +54-341-435-0661 (ext. 116) (A.A.G.); Fax: +54-341-439-0465 (A.A.G.)
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Lapa D, Del Porto P, Minosse C, D’Offizi G, Antinori A, Capobianchi MR, Visco-Comandini U, McPhee F, Garbuglia AR, Zaccarelli M. Clinical Relevance of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in HIV/HCV Coinfected and HCV Monoinfected Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102092. [PMID: 34068071 PMCID: PMC8152458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Torque Teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous virus that causes chronic infection in humans with unknown clinical consequences. Here, we investigated the influence of TTV infection on HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) efficacy in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected patients as controls. Of 92 study patients, 79.3% were TTV DNA positive; untreated patients exhibited a significantly higher proportion of TTV DNA-positivity vs. sustained virological response (SVR) patients (100.0% vs. 65.2%, p < 0.001), while TTV positivity was not significant in DAA failure patients vs. SVR patients despite HIV/HCV coinfection. TTV DNA viral load was higher among HCV monoinfected patients vs. HIV/HCV coinfected, although marginally significant (p = 0.074) and no significant viral load difference was detected between DAA failures and SVR patients, while untreated vs. SVR patients had a significantly higher viral load (19,884, IQR 5977–333,534, vs. 469, IQR 10–4124, p = 0.004). Alpha-genogroup 3 TTV was the most prevalent genetic group, and no specific strain or genogroup was observed in relapser patients. Among HIV/HCV patients with HCV RNA detectable at end of treatment (EOT), TTV DNA was detected in 9/17 treatment responder patients and 3/5 relapser patients, thus, TTV infection does not appear to influence the control HCV viremia after EOT. Levels of IL-6 IL-4, and CD14 were not significantly different between TTV PCR-positive and -negative patients. These results suggest no association between TTV DNA positivity or viral load and HCV DAA failure whether patients were HIV/HCV coinfected or HCV monoinfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.M.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudia Minosse
- Laboratory of Virology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.M.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Gianpiero D’Offizi
- Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Unit, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (U.V.-C.)
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Clinical Department, “Lazzaro Spallanzani ” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.M.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Ubaldo Visco-Comandini
- Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Unit, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (U.V.-C.)
| | | | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.M.); (M.R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5517-0692; Fax: +39-06-559-455
| | - Mauro Zaccarelli
- Clinical Department, “Lazzaro Spallanzani ” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.Z.)
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Torque Teno Virus plasma level as novel biomarker of retained immunocompetence in HIV-infected patients. Infection 2021; 49:501-509. [PMID: 33537915 PMCID: PMC8159784 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the course of immune recovery (IR) in HIV-1-infected patients after initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) by determination of the plasma concentration of Torque Teno Virus (TTV). TTV has been identified as marker for risk assessment in immunosuppressed patients after transplantation procedures. Here, TTV was analyzed in HIV-1-infected therapy-naïve patients to evaluate its use as predictor of the course of IR for guidance of individualized treatment. METHODS TTV DNA was quantified in plasma samples of 301 therapy-naïve HIV-1-infected patients and correlated to CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load, presence of the herpes viruses CMV, EBV and HHV-8, age and sex. Patients were classified according to their initial CD4+ cell count and to the extent of CD4+ T-cell increase within the first year of cART. RESULTS TTV DNA was detectable in 96% of the patients' plasma samples with a median TTV plasma concentration of 5.37 log10 cop/ml. The baseline CD4+ cell count was negatively correlated with TTV plasma concentration (p = 0.003). In patients with a CD4+ cell recovery < 50 cells/µl, the median TTV plasma concentration was significantly higher compared to patients with a CD4+ cell recovery of > 200 CD4+ cells/µl (5.68 log10 cop/ml versus 4.99 log10 cop/ml; p = 0.011). TTV plasma concentration in combination with baseline CD4+ cell count were significantly correlated to CD4+ cell recovery (p = 0.004). For all other parameters considered, no significant correlation for CD4+ cell recovery was found. CONCLUSION Within the cohort, the significantly elevated TTV plasma concentration in patients with diminished CD4+ cell recovery indicates a more profound immune defect. Baseline TTV plasma concentrations and CD4+ cell count are predictive for the course of immune recovery in HIV-1-infected patients with severe immunodeficiency.
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Neri L, Spezia PG, Suraci S, Macera L, Scribano S, Giusti B, Focosi D, Maggi F, Giannecchini S. Torque teno virus microRNA detection in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with neurological pathologies. J Clin Virol 2020; 133:104687. [PMID: 33176237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torque teno virus (TTV) is a widespread anellovirus that establishes persistent infections in humans and represents the most abundant component of the human virome. TTV encodes microRNAs (miRNA) which are found both in viremic and not viremic subjects being potentially ideal tools for the virus to evade the immune system response and to maintain chronic infection in the host. OBJECTIVE To investigate TTV-DNA loads and TTV-miRNAs expression in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from subjects under analysis for the assessment of neurological diseases. STUDY DESIGN Detection of TTV-DNA and TTV-miRNAs (e. g. miRNA t1a, t3b, and tth8) were carried out from CSF samples of 93 subjects with neurological diseases by using universal real-time PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses. RESULTS TTV-DNA was detected in 11 of 93 (12 %) CSFs with a mean TTV load of 155 copies/mL. Conversely, 29 CSF samples (31 %) were positive for at least one TTV-miRNA, while 15 (16 %) CSFs contained all the TTV-miRNAs examined. Overall, TTV-miRNA tth8 was detected in 62 % of samples, followed by TTV miRNA t3b (56 %), and t1a (29 %). Interestingly, TTV-miRNAs were found in CSF samples that were negative for the presence of TTV-DNA. Next-generation sequencing analysis carried out from 4 TTV-DNA negative CSF samples detected reads mapped in TTV-miRNA sequences region. CONCLUSIONS These results shed novel light on the relationship between TTV and the central nervous system and make compelling furthered studies for investigating the potential role of TTV-miRNAs in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Neri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Samuele Suraci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Macera
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Scribano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, and Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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9
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Maev IV, Karlovich TI, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Andreev DN, Reshetnyak VI. Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2020; 30:7-22. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Maev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - T. I. Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
| | | | - I. A. Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
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10
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Yu T, Pan S, Zhang Y, Pei J, Liu J, Xie Y, Feng X. Occurrence and quantification of Anelloviruses and Herpesviruses in gingival tissue in Chinese Shanghai sub-population. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:196. [PMID: 32646510 PMCID: PMC7346523 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herpesviruses and bacteria and their interplay have long been believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, but other microbial entities in the oral environment might also be involved. Anelloviruses are commonly detected in human, including in oral samples. The aim of the present study was to explore the occurrence and co-occurrence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human anelloviruses (HTTVs) in gingival tissue samples collected from participants recruited in Shanghai, China. Methods Gingival tissues were collected from 159 participants (57 with aggressive periodontitis (AP), 59 with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 43 with healthy periodontal status). The presence of HCMV, EBV, torque teno virus (TTV), torque teno mini virus (TTMV) and torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) DNA was detected by nested-PCR. The virus loads were quantified by real-time PCR. Results The detection rates of EBV, TTV, TTMV and TTMDV were significantly higher in the AP and CP groups compared to the healthy group (all P < 0.01). A statistically significant association was found between EBV, TTV and TTMV virus load and periodontitis (all P < 0.05). Participants infected with EBV showed significantly higher infection rates and higher virus loads of TTV and TTMV than the EBV-negative group (all P < 0.05). The coexistence rates of EBV and anelloviruses and the coexistence of three HTTVs were significantly higher in AP and CP groups (all P < 0.01). Conclusions Collectively, results obtained in this study suggest that HTTVs and the coexistence of EBV and HTTVs in particular, may be associated with periodontitis. Possible mechanisms of the interaction between herpesviruses and anelloviruses in the context of periodontitis require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaokun Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Reshetnyak VI, Maev IV, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Karlovich TI. Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1691-1707. [PMID: 32351287 PMCID: PMC7183866 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review presents the data accumulated for more than 20 years of research of torque teno virus (TTV). Its molecular genetic structure, immunobiology, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, possible replication sites, and pathogenicity factors are described. TTV is a virus that is frequently detectable in patients with different viral hepatitides, in cases of hepatitis without an obvious viral agent, as well as in a healthy population. There is evidence suggesting that biochemical and histological changes occur in liver tissue and bile duct epithelium in TTV monoinfection. There are sufficient histological signs of liver damage, which confirm that the virus can undergo a replicative cycle in hepatocytes. Along with this, cytological hybridization in TTV-infected cells has shown no substantial cytopathic (cell-damaging) effects that are characteristic of pathogenic hepatotropic viruses. Studying TTV has led to the evolution of views on its role in the development of human pathology. The first ideas about the hepatotropism of the virus were gradually reformed as new data became available on the prevalence of the virus and its co-infection with other viruses, including the viruses of the known types of hepatitides. The high prevalence of TTV in the human population indicates its persistence in the body as a virome and a non-pathogenic virus. It has recently been proposed that the level of TTV DNA in the blood of patients undergoing organ transplantation should be used as an endogenous marker of the body’s immune status. The available data show the polytropism of the virus and deny the fact that TTV can be assigned exclusively to hepatitis viruses. Fortunately, the rare detection of the damaging effect of TTV on hepatic and bile duct epithelial cells may be indirect evidence of its conditionally pathogenic properties. The ubiquity of the virus and the variability of its existence in humans cannot put an end to its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy I Reshetnyak
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor V Maev
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Burmistrov
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor A Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
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12
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Elesinnla AR, Adeleye IA, Ayolabi CI, Bessong PO. Prevalence of torque viruses in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected Nigerian subjects: analysis of near-full-length genome sequences. Arch Virol 2020; 165:571-582. [PMID: 32030535 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV), torque teno mini virus (TTMV) and torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) are members of the family Anelloviridae that are known to infect humans. Although no pathogenic roles have been associated with anelloviruses, their high prevalence and perceived ubiquitousness have provoked scientific interest in understanding their molecular and biological characteristics. We used nested PCR to determine the prevalence of anelloviruses among 130 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and 130 healthy blood donors, and analyzed three near-full-length genome sequences of TTV isolates from HIV-infected and non-HIV infected Nigerians. Statistical analysis showed that the rate of TTV infection was significantly higher in the HIV-infected group (65%) than in the blood donor group (26%) (p < 0.05, χ2 = 40.3). TTMV and TTMDV infections were very high in both groups, ranging between 88 and 95%. No significant association was found between TTV infection and age, sex, CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. Near-full-length genome sequences of TTV isolates FL100, FL08 and BD67 determined by next-generation sequencing were 3.6 kb, 3.2 kb and 2.9 kb, respectively, in size. Their GenBank accession numbers are MK820644, MK820645, MK820646, respectively. These isolates shared 59% sequence identity across the whole genome and clustered in two different phylogenetic groups. Our study established for the first time the circulation of TTV, TTMV and TTMDV in the Nigerian population, with a disproportionately higher prevalence of TTV in HIV-infected patients. The near-complete TTV genome sequences from Nigeria are similar to the sequences KT163879 and KT163916 (3748 and 3190 respectively), obtained from the plasma of HIV-infected subjects from the United States, and EU305675 (2919), identified in human plasma samples from France.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pascal Obong Bessong
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
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13
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Anellovirus Dynamics Are Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e521. [PMID: 32095507 PMCID: PMC7004632 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of early death in lung transplant. Anelloviruses are small circular DNA viruses that have been noted to be present at elevated levels in immunosuppressed patients. They have been associated with both short- and long-term outcomes in lung transplant, and we hypothesized that anellovirus dynamics might be associated with the development of PGD.
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14
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Westman G, Schoofs C, Ingelsson M, Järhult JD, Muradrasoli S. Torque teno virus viral load is related to age, CMV infection and HLA type but not to Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227670. [PMID: 31917803 PMCID: PMC6952092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is an unenveloped, circular, single stranded DNA virus with a genome size of approximately 3.8 kb. Previous studies have demonstrated varying grades of association between TTV DNA levels and immune deficiencies related to age, chronic infections and cancer. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been related to persistent viral infections such as HSV-1 and CMV, but it is not known whether TTV viral load could serve as a functional biomarker of cellular immunity in this setting. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether TTV infection and viral load is related to AD status, CMV immunity, systemic inflammation or HLA types connected to anti-viral immunity. A total of 50 AD subjects and 51 non-demented controls were included in the study. AD subjects were diagnosed according to NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-IV criteria and neuroradiologic findings were consistent with the diagnosis. TTV viral load was analyzed in plasma samples using a quantitative real-time PCR. Using a cut-off for TTV status at 200 copies/ml, 88% (89/101) of the study subjects were classified as TTV positive. TTV viral load significantly increased with age (beta 0.049 per year, p<0.001) but significantly decreased in relation to CMV IgG levels (beta -0.022 per 1000 units, p = 0.005) and HLA-B27 positivity (beta -0.53, p = 0.023). In conclusion, TTV immune control is not significantly affected by AD status, but appears related to age, CMV humoral immune response and HLA type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Westman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Schoofs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josef D. Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shaman Muradrasoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Chong Y, Lee JY, Thakur N, Kang CS, Lee EJ. Strong association of Torque teno virus/Torque teno-like minivirus to Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) on quantitative analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:925-931. [PMID: 31782015 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare benign lymphadenitis that mainly involves cervical lymph nodes of young Asian women with unknown etiology. Recently, we experienced a case of KFD found with Torque teno virus/Torque teno-like mini virus (TTV/TTMV) from a 26-year-old woman. TTV/TTMV is a genus of Circoviridae that causes necrotizing lymphadenitis in pigs, which shares the key histologic finding of KFD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pathogenic role of TTV/TTMV in KFD by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. METHOD We performed two-step qPCR specific to TTV/TTMV with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of sequentially selected 100 KFD patients and 50 randomly selected, matched normal controls. Consequent direct sequencing was done for confirmation with PCR products. RESULTS PCR amplification of TTV and TTMV was found in a significantly higher proportion in KFDs than normal controls (TTV, 85% vs. 18%, p < 0.000; TTMV, 91% vs. 24%, p < 0.000). After the sequencing, KFD samples showed more sequence matching than control samples for TTMV (94% vs. 30%, p < 0.000). CONCLUSION This finding strongly suggests the possible implication of TTV/TTMV in the pathogenesis of KFD. Animal or in vivo experimental design should be followed in the future.Key Points• Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is rare and its etiology is still unclear.• Torque teno/Torque teno-like minivirus (TTV/TTMV) is a recently introduced virus in the Circoviridae family that causes necrotizing lymphadenitis in pigs, histologically similar to KFD.• We discovered the significantly increased TTV/TTMV viral loads in the KFD patients than normal controls, which implicates TTV/TTMV in the pathogenesis of KFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep Chong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Nishant Thakur
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Suk Kang
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Samkwang Medical Laboratories, 57, Baumoe-ro 41-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kinetics of Torque Teno Virus-DNA Plasma Load Predict Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2019; 103:815-822. [PMID: 30234787 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option in end-stage lung diseases; however, survival after transplantation is limited by acute and chronic rejection or infectious events being results of inappropriate immunosuppression. Torque Teno Viruses (TTVs) are ubiquitous DNA viruses in humans but not found to be causative for any disease. However, some reports suggest that TTV-DNA levels reflect the grade of immunosuppression with higher levels being found in more immunosuppressed individuals. METHODS We investigated the TTV-DNA levels in 34 lung transplant recipients within their first year after transplantation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clinical data were extracted from charts. RESULTS In accordance with previous results TTV-DNA levels increase after lung transplantation reaching a steady state after 3 months. The TTV-DNA levels were not correlated with immunosuppressive trough levels and a selective increase was not observed with other DNA viruses. In steady state TTV-DNA levels were significantly higher in patients with infectious complications compared to the group of patients without. Additionally, TTV-DNA levels decreased significantly before biopsy-proven rejection. Sensitivity of a 10-fold decrease in TTV-DNA levels for a subsequent rejection episode was 0.74 with a specificity of 0.99. CONCLUSIONS In summary, TTV-DNA might be used as an additional tool to monitor immunosuppression in lung transplant recipients. Higher TTV-DNA levels reflect more intense immunosuppression, whereas the TTV-DNA kinetic (ie, decrease of TTV-DNA levels) indicate rejection.
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17
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Fernández-Ruiz M, Albert E, Giménez E, Ruiz-Merlo T, Parra P, López-Medrano F, San Juan R, Polanco N, Andrés A, Navarro D, Aguado JM. Monitoring of alphatorquevirus DNA levels for the prediction of immunosuppression-related complications after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1139-1149. [PMID: 30346659 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The replication kinetics of nonpathogenic anelloviruses belonging to the Alphatorquevirus genus (such as torque teno virus) might reflect the overall state of posttransplant immunosuppression. We analyzed 221 kidney transplant (KT) recipients in whom plasma alphatorquevirus DNA load was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction at baseline and regularly through the first 12 posttransplant months. Study outcomes included posttransplant infection and a composite of opportunistic infection and/or de novo malignancy (immunosuppression-related adverse event [iRAE]). Alphatorquevirus DNA loads at month 1 were higher among patients who subsequently developed posttransplant infection (P = .023) or iRAE (P = .009). Likewise, those with iRAE beyond months 3 and 6 also exhibited higher peak viral loads over the preceding periods. Areas under the curve for log10 alphatorquevirus DNAemia estimated by months 1 or 6 were significantly higher in patients experiencing study outcomes. Alphatorquevirus DNA loads above 3.15 and 4.56 log10 copies/mL at month 1 predicted the occurrence of posttransplant infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-7.36; P = .027) and iRAE (aHR: 5.17; 95% CI: 2.01-13.33; P = .001). In conclusion, posttransplant monitoring of plasma alphatorquevirus DNA kinetics may be useful to identify KT recipients at increased risk of immunosuppression-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre," Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara Ruiz-Merlo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre," Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Parra
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre," Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Medrano
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre," Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael San Juan
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre," Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Polanco
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amado Andrés
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre," Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Martelli F, Macera L, Spezia PG, Medici C, Pistello M, Guasti D, Romagnoli P, Maggi F, Giannecchini S. Torquetenovirus detection in exosomes enriched vesicles circulating in human plasma samples. Virol J 2018; 15:145. [PMID: 30236130 PMCID: PMC6149034 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torquetenovirus (TTV) belongs to Anelloviridae family, infects nearly all people indefinitely without causing overt disease establishing a fine and successful interaction with the host. Increasing evidence have shown some human viruses exploit extracellular vesicles thereby helping viral persistence in the host. Here, the presence of TTV in extracellular vesicles circulating in human plasma was investigated. METHODS TTV DNA was quantified in plasma-derived exosomes from 122 samples collected from 97 diseased patients and 25 healthy donors. Exosomes enriched vesicles (EEVs) were extracted from plasma and characterized by Nanoparticle tracking analysis, by western blot for presence of tetraspanin CD63, CD81 and annexin II protein and, finally, by electron microscopy (EM). Presence and quantitation of TTV DNA were assessed with an universal single step real-time TaqMan PCR assay. RESULTS Preliminary investigation showed that the human plasma extracted extracellular vesicles exhibited a main size of 70 nm, had concentration of 2.5 × 109/ml, and scored positive for tetraspanin CD63, CD81 and annexin II, typical characteristic of the exosomes vesicles. EEVs extracted from pooled plasma with TTV DNA viremia of 9.7 × 104 copies/ml showed to contain 6.3 × 102 TTV copies/ml, corresponding to 0.65% of total viral load. Important, TTV yield changed significantly following freezing/thawing, detergents and DNAse treatment of plasma before EEVs extraction. EEVs purified by sucrose-density gradient centrifugation and analysis of gradient fraction positive for exosomes marker CD63 harbored 102 TTV copies/ml. Moreover, EM evidenced the presence of TTV-like particles in EEVs. Successive investigation of plasma EEVs from 122 subjects (37 HIV-positive, 20 HCV infected, 20 HBV infected, 20 kidney transplant recipients, and 25 healthy) reported TTV DNA detection in 42 (34%) of the viremic samples (37 were from diseased patients and 5 from healthy people) at a mean level of 4.8 × 103 copies/ml. The examination of EEVs selected samples reported the presence of TTV genogroup 1, 3, 4 and 5, with genogroup 3 highly observed. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, although these observations should be confirmed by further studies, circulation of TTV particles in EEVs opens new avenues and mechanistic insights on the molecular strategies adopted by anelloviruses to persist in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, I-50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Macera
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.,Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Spezia
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.,Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Medici
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.,Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, I-50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, I-50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, I-50134, Florence, Italy.
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19
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Identification of a novel torque teno mini virus in cerebrospinal fluid from a child with encephalitis. Virol Sin 2018; 32:541-544. [PMID: 29047018 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-017-4042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses are single-strand circular DNA viruses and ubiquitous within the human population. Although there is no direct evidence, many studies have suggested the anelloviruses may be associated with a variety of diseases. In this study, a novel torque teno mini virus (TTMV) was detected in a child with unexplained encephalitis. The detected virus had a circular genome of 2943 nt in length and 3 open reading frames. It shared 45.4% - 35.9% nucleotide identities with known TTMV species and < 35% with the other species of anellovirus, which suggested it might belong to a new species within the genus Betatorquevirus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of ORF1 showed that this virus represented a distinct branch within the diversity of anellovirus. Whether this novel anellovirus strain is associated with encephalitis requires further study.
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Iovino L, Mazziotta F, Carulli G, Guerrini F, Morganti R, Mazzotti V, Maggi F, Macera L, Orciuolo E, Buda G, Benedetti E, Caracciolo F, Galimberti S, Pistello M, Petrini M. High-dose zinc oral supplementation after stem cell transplantation causes an increase of TRECs and CD4+ naïve lymphocytes and prevents TTV reactivation. Leuk Res 2018; 70:20-24. [PMID: 29747074 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zinc plays an important role in thymic function and immune homeostasis. We performed a prospective clinical trial using a high-dose zinc oral supplementation to improve the immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 18 patients undergoing autologous HSCT for multiple myeloma. Nine patients were randomized to receive only a standard antimicrobial prophylaxis; whereas, nine patients received in addition 150 mg/day of zinc from day +5 to day +100 after transplant. RESULTS CD4+ naïve lymphocytes and TRECs showed a significant increase from day +30 until day +100 only in the zinc-treated group. Moreover, the load of Torquetenovirus, a harmless virus that replicates in course of immunedepression, increased at day +100 only in the control group. No severe adverse events were reported during the zinc consumption. CONCLUSION First data from the ZENITH trial suggest that high-dose zinc supplementation is safe and may enhance the thymic reconstitution after HSCT. Registered: http://Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03159845); and EUDRACT: 2014-28 004499-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Iovino
- Hematology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Dudakov Lab, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Morganti
- Biostatistical Consulting, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzotti
- Biostatistical Consulting, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Virology Unit and Retrovirus Centre, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Macera
- Virology Unit and Retrovirus Centre, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Buda
- Hematology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mauro Pistello
- Virology Unit and Retrovirus Centre, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Hematology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Blatter JA, Sweet SC, Conrad C, Danziger-Isakov LA, Faro A, Goldfarb SB, Hayes D, Melicoff E, Schecter M, Storch G, Visner GA, Williams NM, Wang D. Anellovirus loads are associated with outcomes in pediatric lung transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2018; 22:10.1111/petr.13069. [PMID: 29082660 PMCID: PMC5811341 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anelloviruses are DNA viruses ubiquitously present in human blood. Due to their elevated levels in immunosuppressed patients, anellovirus levels have been proposed as a marker of immune status. We hypothesized that low anellovirus levels, reflecting relative immunocompetence, would be associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric lung transplantation. We assayed blood samples from 57 patients in a multicenter study for alpha- and betatorquevirus, two anellovirus genera. The primary short-term outcome of interest was acute rejection, and longer-term outcomes were analyzed individually and as "composite" (death, chronic rejection, or retransplant within 2 years). Patients with low alphatorquevirus levels at 2 weeks post-transplantation were more likely to develop acute rejection within 3 months after transplant (P = .013). Low betatorquevirus levels at 6 weeks and 6 months after transplant were associated with death (P = .047) and the composite outcome (P = .017), respectively. There was an association between low anellovirus levels and adverse outcomes in pediatric lung transplantation. Alphatorquevirus levels were associated with short-term outcomes (ie, acute rejection), while betatorquevirus levels were associated with longer-term outcomes (ie, death, or composite outcome within 2 years). These observations suggest that anelloviruses may serve as useful biomarkers of immune status and predictors of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Blatter
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO,Correspondence and reprint requests to: Joshua A. Blatter, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8116, Saint Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-454-2694, Fax: 314-454-2515,
| | - Stuart C. Sweet
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Carol Conrad
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lara A. Danziger-Isakov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | - Don Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Marc Schecter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Gregory Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Gary A. Visner
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - David Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis MO
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22
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de Souza WM, Fumagalli MJ, de Araujo J, Sabino-Santos G, Maia FGM, Romeiro MF, Modha S, Nardi MS, Queiroz LH, Durigon EL, Nunes MRT, Murcia PR, Figueiredo LTM. Discovery of novel anelloviruses in small mammals expands the host range and diversity of the Anelloviridae. Virology 2017; 514:9-17. [PMID: 29128758 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Anelloviridae comprises single-stranded DNA viruses currently grouped in sixty-eight species classified in twelve genera. They have been found in many vertebrate hosts including primates. In this study, we describe the application of the high-throughput sequencing to examine the frequency and diversity of anelloviruses in rodents, bats and opossums captured in São Paulo State, Brazil. We report a total of twenty-six anelloviruses with sixteen nearly complete genomes and ten partial genomes, which include eleven potential novel species identified in rodents (Cricetidae), bats (Molossidae and Phyllostomidae), and opossums (Didelphidae). We also propose the inclusion of two potential new genera within the Anelloviridae family, provisionally named Omegatorquevirus and Sigmatorquevirus, including six and three novel species of anelloviruses, respectively. In summary, this study expands the diversity and the host range of the known anelloviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gonçalves Motta Maia
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sejal Modha
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Schiavo Nardi
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, Prefeitura de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovations, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo Ramiro Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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23
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Higher Frequency of Transfusion-Transmitted Virus (TTV) in HIV Patients in Comparison with Healthy Blood Donors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.59363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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24
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Liu J, Williams B, Frank D, Dillon SM, Wilson CC, Landay AL. Inside Out: HIV, the Gut Microbiome, and the Mucosal Immune System. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:605-614. [PMID: 28069756 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The components of the human gut microbiome have been found to influence a broad array of pathologic conditions ranging from heart disease to diabetes and even to cancer. HIV infection upsets the delicate balance in the normal host-microbe interaction both through alterations in the taxonomic composition of gut microbial communities as well as through disruption of the normal host response mechanisms. In this article we review the current methods of gut microbiome analysis and the resulting data regarding how HIV infection might change the balance of commensal bacteria in the gut. Additionally, we cover the various effects gut microbes have on host immune homeostasis and the preliminary but intriguing data on how HIV disrupts those mechanisms. Finally, we briefly describe some of the important biomolecules produced by gut microbiota and the role that they may play in maintaining host immune homeostasis with and without HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Liu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Brett Williams
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Daniel Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Stephanie M Dillon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Cara C Wilson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612
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25
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Al-Qahtani AA, Alabsi ES, AbuOdeh R, Thalib L, El Zowalaty ME, Nasrallah GK. Prevalence of anelloviruses (TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV) in healthy blood donors and in patients infected with HBV or HCV in Qatar. Virol J 2016; 13:208. [PMID: 28031027 PMCID: PMC5198501 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anelloviruses (TTV, TTMV, and TTMDV) have been associated with non A-G hepatitis. The goal of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of these anelloviruses in Qatar. Methods A total of 607 blood samples (500 healthy donors, and 53 HBV-and 54 HCV-positive patients) representing different nationalities were tested for the presence of TTV, TTMV, and TTMDV DNA by nested PCR. Results Prevalence rates for the three viruses were high in all studied groups, and exceeding 95% in the HBV group (for TTV and TTMDV). Infection with more than one type of viruses was common and significant in most of the positive patients (p < 0.05) and ranging from 55.4% for TTV/TTMV and TTMV/TTMDV co-infections in the healthy group, to 96.3% for TTV/TTMV co-infections in the HBV group. Further, and as with most previous studies, no significant association was found between anelloviruses infections and age, nationality, or gender (p > 0.05) albeit the detection of higher infection rates among females and Qatari subjects. Conclusion This was the first published study to look at prevalence of Anellowviruses in the Middle East. High prevalence rates of the three viruses in all studied groups was noted. Further studies are needed to explore and compare the different genotypes of these viruses in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas S Alabsi
- Department Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed AbuOdeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Lukman Thalib
- Department Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Virology and Microbiology Research Laboratory & Antibiotic Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, University Rd, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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26
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Identification of heterologous Torque Teno Viruses in humans and swine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26655. [PMID: 27222164 PMCID: PMC4879562 DOI: 10.1038/srep26655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Torque Teno Viruses (TTVs) are ubiquitous viruses which are highly prevalent in several mammalian species. Human TTV’s are epidemiologically associated with several human disease conditions such as respiratory illnesses, auto-immune disorders and hepatitis. Recently it was found that swine TTV’s (TTSuVs) can act as primary pathogens. The common occurrence of TTVs as environmental contaminants and the increasing interest in the use of swine organs for xenotransplantation lend importance to the question of whether TTV’s can cross-infect across species. In this study, we examined human and swine sera by swine or human TTV-specific PCRs, to determine whether swine TTVs (TTSuV) DNA can be detected in humans and vice versa. Surprisingly, both human and TTSuV DNA were present in a majority of the samples tested. Transfection of human PBMC’s with TTSuV1 genomic DNA resulted in productive viral infection which was sustained for the three serial passages tested. Lymphoproliferative responses in infected human PBMCs were diminished when compared to the controls. Furthermore, mild to moderate antibody responses against the TTSuV1 ORF2 protein was detected in 16 of the 40 human sera by ELISA. Therefore, these study findings provide initial and fundamental evidence for possible cross-species transmission of TTVs.
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27
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Vignolini T, Macera L, Antonelli G, Pistello M, Maggi F, Giannecchini S. Investigation on torquetenovirus (TTV) microRNA transcriptome in vivo. Virus Res 2016; 217:18-22. [PMID: 26959653 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a widespread anellovirus that establishes persistent infections in human showing an increased viremia in immunosuppressed patients. TTV possesses microRNA (miRNA)-coding sequences that might be involved in viral immune evasion. Here, the presence of TTV DNA and miRNAs expression was investigated in plasma samples of 77 diseased (20 infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 18 infected with hepatitis B (HBV) virus, 18 infected with hepatitis C (HCV) virus, 21 solid organ transplanted) patients, and 25 healthy controls. TTV prevalence was significantly different in healthy controls (60%, 15/25) versus diseased patients (80%, 62/77), showing the highest TTV loads in transplant recipients. Genetic TTV analysis showed the highest prevalence of group 1, followed by groups 3, 4 and 5, and a lack of isolates of group 2. The expression of at least one TTV miRNAs of group 1, 3 and 5 was found in exosomes of plasma of the great majority of individuals (96%, 98/102 subjects) showing the higher prevalence of miRNAs of TTV group 3 (90%, 92/102), followed by miRNAs of group 1 (66%, 67/102), and miRNA of group 5 (49%, 50/102). TTV miRNAs expression and TTV viremia were not always directly correlated, and significant differences appeared in production of some TTV miRNAs between healthy controls and diseased patients. The reported TTV miRNAs status in exosomes encourages further investigation to understand their potential role in the expansion of anelloviruses upon immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Vignolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Macera
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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28
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Fatholahi M, Bouzari M. Torque Teno Midi Virus/Small Anellovirus in Sera of Healthy, HIV/HCV and HIV Infected Individuals in Lorestan Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e25368. [PMID: 26862377 PMCID: PMC4740761 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.25368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Torque Teno Midi Virus/Small Anellovirus (TTMDV/SAV) is a member of the Gammatorquevirus genus within the family Anelloviridae. It is detected in healthy, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus and HIV infected individuals and also patients with acute respiratory disease in different countries, but its role in clinical diseases and its full geographical distribution is still unclear. Objectives: The current study aimed to detect the frequency of infection with TTMDV/SAV in the sera of healthy blood donors, hepatitis C infected and HIV positive individuals in Lorestan province, Iran; and also investigate the possible role of TTMDV/SAV virus in liver diseases. Materials and Methods: Fifty two, 36, 4, and 110 serum samples from HIV positive, patients with HIV/HCV and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infections, and healthy individuals were collected in Khorramabad city, respectively. Nested-polymerase chain reaction was performed using SMAs/SMAr primers to detect TTMDV/SAV DNA. Serum aminotransferases were measured. Results: In the HIV/HCV, HIV/HCV/HBV, HIV, and control cases, 29 (80.5%), 3 (75%), 43 (82.7%), and 16 (14.5%) were positive for DNA of TTMDV/SAV, respectively. In the HIV/HCV infected cases and HIV positive cases the level of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were not significantly different in TTMDV/SAV infected and non-infected individuals (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although significant differences (P < 0.01) were observed in the frequency of TTMDV/SAV between healthy controls and each of the HIV positive and HIV/HCV co-infected individuals, no significant difference was observed between HIV positive and HIV/HCV co-infected cases, which may be due to HIV associated immunodeficiency. This is the first time that TTMDV/SAV is reported in HIV infected individuals worldwide. Interpretation of the high frequency of the virus (82.7%) in HIV cases needs more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fatholahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Majid Bouzari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Majid Bouzari, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, P. O. Box: 8174673441, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3117932459, Fax: +98-3117932456, E-mail:
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29
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Li L, Deng X, Da Costa AC, Bruhn R, Deeks SG, Delwart E. Virome analysis of antiretroviral-treated HIV patients shows no correlation between T-cell activation and anelloviruses levels. J Clin Virol 2015; 72:106-13. [PMID: 26479202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormally high levels of T-cell activation can persist in HIV-infected subjects despite effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and has been associated with negative health outcomes. The nature of the antigenic drivers or other causes of this residual T-cell activation remain uncertain. Anelloviruses are universally acquired soon after birth, resulting in persistent viremia, and considered part of the commensal human virome. Reduced immunocompetence results in increased anellovirus levels. OBJECTIVES To test whether increased levels of anelloviruses or other viruses in plasma are associated with higher levels of persistent T-cell activation during ART. STUDY DESIGN Two amplification methods combined with next generation sequencing were used to detect all viruses and estimate relative anellovirus levels in plasma from 19 adults on effective ART who exhibited a wide range of T-cell activation levels. RESULTS Nucleic acids from HBV and HCV were detected in one patient each while pegivirus A (GBV-C) was found in three patients. Anellovirus DNA was detected in all patients with some individuals carrying up to eight different genotypes. Specific anellovirus genotypes or higher level of co-infections were not detected in subjects with higher levels of T-cell activation. No association was detected between relative plasma anellovirus DNA levels and the percentage of activated CD4 or CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Human anelloviruses were detected in all HIV suppressed subjects, exhibited a wide range of viremia levels, and were genetically highly diverse. The level of persistent T-cell activation was not correlated with the level of viremia or genotypes present indicating that anellovirus antigens are unlikely to be a dominant source of antigens driving chronic T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Charlys Da Costa
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Positive Health Program, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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30
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Huang J, Li Y, Liu M, Xia Y, Li Z. A Novel Subgenotype of Torque teno Virus 1 (TTSuV1) in Slaughter Pigs in China. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2013; 5:226-230. [PMID: 23990369 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-013-9126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
TTsuV1 can cause persistent infection and unidentified clinical signs in pigs. In this study, a survey of TTsuV1 prevalence was conducted in slaughter pigs from Henan, Liaoning, and Shandong provinces in China. A total of 180 swine lymphoid tissues were assayed by PCR with primers targeting the conserved 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). The results showed that a 17.8 % positive rate, and different genotypes were detected. TTSuV1 presented higher viral load and prevalence in inguinal lymph node than in submandibular lymph node samples. All TTsuV1 isolates have 84-100 % nucleotide sequence homology in the 5'-UTR region and can be grouped into three subgenotypes (TTsuV1a-1, TTsuV1a-2, and TTsuV1b). Notably, the novel genetic subtype TTsuV1b was first reported in slaughter pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering &Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China,
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