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Shafiee D, Salpynov Z, Gusmanov A, Khuanbai Y, Mukhatayev Z, Kunz J. Enteric Infection-Associated Reactive Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3433. [PMID: 38929962 PMCID: PMC11205162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the proportions of individuals infected with Campylobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia who develop reactive arthritis. Methods. A systematic review was conducted, encompassing English-language articles published before January 2024, sourced from the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This review included observational studies that reported the occurrence of reactive arthritis (ReA) among patients with Campylobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia infections. Data extraction was carried out independently by two reviewers. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed, with heterogeneity assessed using the I2 value. Additionally, meta-regression was employed to investigate the potential influence of study-level variables on the observed heterogeneity. Results. A total of 87 studies were identified; 23 reported on ReA development after Campylobacter infection, 7 reported on ReA after Escherichia infection, 30 reported ReA onset after salmonellosis, 14 reported ReA after shigellosis, and 13 reported ReA after Yersinia infection. The proportion of Campylobacter patients who developed ReA was 0.03 (95% CI [0.01, 0.06], I2 = 97.62%); the proportion of Escherichia patients who developed ReA was 0.01 (95% CI [0.00, 0.06], I2 = 92.78%); the proportion of Salmonella patients was 0.04 (95% CI [0.02, 0.08], I2 = 97.67%); the proportion of Shigella patients was 0.01 (95% CI [0.01, 0.03], I2 = 90.64%); and the proportion of Yersinia patients who developed ReA was 0.05 (95% CI [0.02, 0.13], I2 = 96%). Conclusion. A significant proportion of Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia cases resulted in ReA. Nonetheless, it is important to interpret the findings cautiously due to the substantial heterogeneity observed between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Shafiee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.G.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhandos Salpynov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.G.); (Z.M.)
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.G.); (Z.M.)
| | | | - Zhussipbek Mukhatayev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.G.); (Z.M.)
- National Laboratory Astana, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jeannette Kunz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.G.); (Z.M.)
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Cassivi A, Covey A, Rodriguez MJ, Guilherme S. Domestic water security in the Arctic: A scoping review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 247:114060. [PMID: 36413873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 50 million people living in the Arctic nations remain without access to safely managed drinking water services. Remote northern communities, where large numbers of Indigenous peoples live, are disproportionally affected. Recent research has documented water and health-related problems among Indigenous communities, including poor water quality and insufficient quantities of water. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to examine the extent of available water security evidence as well as identify research gaps and intervention priorities to improve access to domestic water in the Arctic and Subarctic regions of the eight Arctic nations (Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, and the United States (Alaska)). METHODS An extensive literature review was conducted to retrieve relevant documentation. Arctic & Antarctic Regions, Compendex, Geobase, Georef, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched to identify records for inclusion. The initial searches yielded a total of 1356 records. Two independent reviewers systematically screened identified records using selection criteria. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize evidence of included studies. RESULTS A total of 55 studies, mostly conducted in Canada and the United States, were included and classified by four predetermined major dimensions: 1) Water accessibility and availability; 2) Water quality assessment; 3) Water supply and health; 4) Preferences and risk perceptions. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review used a global approach to provide researchers and stakeholders with a summary of the evidence available regarding water security and domestic access in the Arctic. Culturally appropriate health-based interventions are necessary to ensure inclusive water services and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets for universal access to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cassivi
- Chaire de recherche en eau potable, École supérieure d'aménagement du territoire et de développement régional, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Universitè Laval, Quèbec (QC), Canada.
| | - Anna Covey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Colonel By Hall, 161 Louis Pasteur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (ON), Canada
| | - Manuel J Rodriguez
- Chaire de recherche en eau potable, École supérieure d'aménagement du territoire et de développement régional, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Universitè Laval, Quèbec (QC), Canada
| | - Stéphanie Guilherme
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Colonel By Hall, 161 Louis Pasteur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (ON), Canada
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Khan IUH, Murdock A, Mahmud M, Cloutier M, Benoit T, Bashar S, Patidar R, Mi R, Daneshfar B, Farenhorst A, Kumar A. Quantitative Assessment of First Nations Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Detection and Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10466. [PMID: 36078183 PMCID: PMC9518054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water is considered a major route for transmitting human-associated pathogens. Although microbial water quality indicators are used to test for the presence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water, the two are poorly correlated. The current study investigates the prevalence of thermophilic DNA markers specific for Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni and C. coli) in source water and throughout the water distribution systems of two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. A total of 220 water samples were collected from various points of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) between 2016 and 2018. Target Campylobacter spp. were always (100%) detected in a home with a fiberglass (CF) cistern, as well as the community standpipe (SP). The target bacteria were also frequently detected in treated water at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) (78%), homes with polyethylene (CP) (60%) and concrete (CC) (58%) cisterns, homes with piped (P) water (43%) and water truck (T) samples (20%), with a maximum concentration of 1.9 × 103 cells 100 mL-1 (C. jejuni) and 5.6 × 105 cells 100 mL-1 (C. coli). Similarly, target bacteria were detected in 68% of the source water samples with a maximum concentration of 4.9 × 103 cells 100 mL-1 (C. jejuni) and 8.4 × 105 cells 100 mL-1 (C. coli). Neither target Campylobacter spp. was significantly associated with free and total chlorine concentrations in water. The study results indicate that there is an immediate need to monitor Campylobacter spp. in small communities of Canada and, particularly, to improve the DWDS in First Nations communities to minimize the risk of Campylobacter infection from drinking water sources. Further research is warranted in improving/developing processes and technologies to eliminate microbial contaminants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar U. H. Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Anita Murdock
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Maria Mahmud
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Michel Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Thomas Benoit
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sabrin Bashar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rakesh Patidar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ruidong Mi
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bahram Daneshfar
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Annemieke Farenhorst
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Keithlin J, Sargeant J, Thomas MK, Fazil A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion of Campylobacter cases that develop chronic sequelae. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1203. [PMID: 25416162 PMCID: PMC4391665 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of chronic sequelae development after Campylobacter infection is limited. The objective of the study was to determine via systematic review and meta-analysis the proportion of Campylobacter cases that develop chronic sequelae. METHODS A systematic review of English language articles published prior to July 2011 located using Pubmed, Agricola, CabDirect, and Food Safety and Technology Abstracts. Observational studies reporting the number of Campylobacter cases that developed reactive arthritis (ReA), Reiter's syndrome (RS), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ,Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) or Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) were included. Data extraction through independent extraction of articles by four reviewers (two per article). Random effects meta-analysis was performed and heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) value. Meta-regression was used to explore the influence of study level variables on heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were identified; 20 reported on ReA, 2 reported on RS, 9 reported on IBS, 3 studies reported on IBD, 8 reported on GBS, 1 reported on MFS and 3 reported on HUS. The proportion of Campylobacter cases that developed ReA was 2.86% (95% CI 1.40% - 5.61%, I(2) = 97.7%), irritable bowel syndrome was 4.01% (95% CI 1.41% - 10.88%, I(2) = 99.2%). Guillain Barré syndrome was 0.07% (95% CI 0.03% - 0.15%, I(2) = 72.7%). CONCLUSIONS A significant number of Campylobacter cases develop a chronic sequela. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Keithlin
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jan Sargeant
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - M Kate Thomas
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Aamir Fazil
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Pitkänen T. Review of Campylobacter spp. in drinking and environmental waters. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Gubbels SM, Kuhn KG, Larsson JT, Adelhardt M, Engberg J, Ingildsen P, Hollesen LW, Muchitsch S, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S. A waterborne outbreak with a single clone of Campylobacter jejuni in the Danish town of Køge in May 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 44:586-94. [PMID: 22385125 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.655773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Denmark, large-scale waterborne outbreaks are rare. This report describes the investigation of an outbreak that occurred in the town of Køge in May 2010. METHODS The epidemiological investigation consisted of hypothesis generating telephone interviews, followed by a cohort study among approximately 20,000 residents using an online questionnaire. Odds ratios were calculated for exposures including the number of glasses of tap water consumed. Geographical spreading was assessed using a geographical information system. The microbiological investigation included cultures of stool samples and flagellin-typing. In the environmental investigation, water samples were tested for Escherichia coli and coliform counts and for DNA of Campylobacter, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides. During the outbreak investigation a water boiling order was enforced, as tap water was considered a potential source. RESULTS Of 45 patients with laboratory confirmed Campylobacter infection in the municipality of Køge in May, 43 lived in the area covered by the central water supply. Of 61 patients with laboratory confirmed Campylobacter jejuni by 8 June, 50 shared a common flagellin gene type--flaA type 36 (82%). The epidemic curve from the cohort study showed a wave of diarrhoea onset from 14 to 20 May (n = 176). Among these patients, the development of diarrhoea was associated with drinking tap water with a dose-response pattern (linear increase by 2 glasses: odds ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.70). No bacterial DNA was found in water samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated a point source contamination of tap water with a single clone of C. jejuni which likely occurred on 12-13 May. The water boiling order was lifted on 18 June.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie-Madeleine Gubbels
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Uotila T, Antonen J, Laine J, Kujansuu E, Haapala AM, Lumio J, Vuento R, Oksa H, Herrala J, Kuusi M, Mustonen J, Korpela M, for the Pirkanmaa Waterborne Outbre. Reactive arthritis in a population exposed to an extensive waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak after sewage contamination in Pirkanmaa, Finland. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:358-62. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.562533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Denis M, M Tanguy, Chidaine B, Laisney MJ, Mégraud F, Fravalo P. Description and sources of contamination by Campylobacter spp. of river water destined for human consumption in Brittany, France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 59:256-63. [PMID: 19942377 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Presence or absence of Campylobacter spp. in water of five rivers upstream from an intake point for drinking water production was investigated, and isolates genetically compared with human, pig and poultry isolates in order to determine their source. River water and drinking water obtained from these rivers were sampled one time per month, over a period of one year, and tested for Campylobacter. Isolates were typed by PFGE. Campylobacter was not detected in treated drinking water, but 50% of the river samples were contaminated. Contamination was observed on the four seasons. In total, 297 Campylobacter isolates were collected and generated 46 PFGE profiles. Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequently detected species in samples (74.1% of the isolates), followed by Campylobacter coli (17.8%) and Campylobacter lari (8.1%). Forty-two of the 46 PFGE profiles were unique. Only one genotype was detected three times in a river during the year and four genotypes in two different rivers. When compared to animal and human Campylobacter PFGE profiles, 14, 11 and one Campylobacter genotypes from water were genetically closed to human, poultry, and pig Campylobacter genotypes, respectively. The Campylobacter population displayed a high level of genetic diversity, suggesting that contamination originated from various origins. Human, poultry and pig were sources of contamination of the river by Campylobacter. Finally, no Campylobacter were detected in drinking water, indicating that the risk of outbreaks due to consumption of drinking water is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Denis
- Laboratoire d'étude et de recherche avicole, porcine et piscicole, Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments (Afssa), BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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9
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Höök H, Ekegren MB, Ericsson H, Vågsholm I, Danielsson-Tham ML. Genetic and Epidemiological Relationships among Campylobacter Isolates from Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 36:435-42. [PMID: 15307564 DOI: 10.1080/003655404100208200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
84 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Swedish patients with domestic infection were characterized with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the subtype information considered in relation to epidemiological data. Based on pattern combinations from restriction cleavage with SmaI and SalI, 52 different PFGE types were identified. Types with an average pattern similarity of at least 82% and 63% were assembled in groups and clusters, respectively. The 2 largest clusters included 71% of the isolates. The distribution in time varied between different groups and clusters, where some were isolated sporadically during the whole period and others appeared more concentrated in time. Types in 1 cluster were significantly more often isolated in summer than other types in the study. Isolates from children showed lower pattern similarity to other isolates than isolates from adults. Sets of type and time related cases, possibly representing small outbreaks, were identified when indistinguishable PFGE patterns were found in isolates from temporally related cases. Our results indicate that although a large number of genotypes may be found among C. jejuni strains infecting humans, a large proportion of these may be genetically related, and that different genotypes may appear during different seasons and infect individuals of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Höök
- Division of Food Hygiene and Bacteriology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Pope JE, Krizova A, Garg AX, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Ouimet JM. Campylobacter reactive arthritis: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2007; 37:48-55. [PMID: 17360026 PMCID: PMC2909271 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature on the epidemiology of Campylobacter-associated reactive arthritis (ReA). METHODS A Medline (PubMed) search identified studies from 1966 to 2006 that investigated the epidemiology of Campylobacter-associated ReA. Search terms included: "reactive arthritis," "spondyloarthropathy," "Reiter's syndrome," "gastroenteritis," "diarrhea," "epidemiology," "incidence," "prevalence," and "Campylobacter." RESULTS The literature available to date suggests that the incidence of Campylobacter ReA may occur in 1 to 5% of those infected. The annual incidence of ReA after Campylobacter or Shigella may be 4.3 and 1.3, respectively, per 100,000. The duration of acute ReA varies considerably among reports, and the incidence and impact of chronic ReA from Campylobacter infection is virtually unknown. CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter-associated ReA incidence and prevalence varies widely among reviews due to case ascertainment differences, exposure differences, lack of diagnostic criteria for ReA, and perhaps genetics and ages of exposed individuals. At the population level it may not be associated with HLA-B27, and inflammatory back involvement is uncommon. Follow-up for long-term sequelae is largely unknown. Five percent of Campylobacter ReA may be chronic or relapsing (with respect to musculoskeletal symptoms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Pope
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
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Hrudey SE, Hrudey EJ. Published case studies of waterborne disease outbreaks--evidence of a recurrent threat. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2007; 79:233-45. [PMID: 17469655 DOI: 10.2175/106143006x95483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Residents of affluent nations are remarkably lucky to have high-quality, safe drinking water supplies that most residents of modem cities enjoy, particularly when considered in contrast to the toll of death and misery that unsafe drinking water causes for most of the world's population. Some may presume that drinking-water disease outbreaks are a thing of the past, but complacency can easily arise. A review of drinking water outbreaks in developed countries over the past 3 decades reveals some of the reasons why drinking water outbreaks keep occurring when society clearly has the means to prevent them. Prevention of future outbreaks does not demand perfection, only a commitment to learn from past mistakes and to act on what has been learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve E Hrudey
- Environmental Health Sciences, 10-120 Clinical Sciences Building, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
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12
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Halbert LW, Kaneene JB, Ruegg PL, Warnick LD, Wells SJ, Mansfield LS, Fossler CP, Campbell AM, Geiger-Zwald AM. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns inCampylobacterspp isolated from dairy cattle and farms managed organically and conventionally in the midwestern and northeastern United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 228:1074-81. [PMID: 16579787 DOI: 10.2460/javma.228.7.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Campylobacter spp isolated from dairy cattle and farms managed organically and conventionally in the midwestern and northeastern United States. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SAMPLE POPULATION 128 farms. PROCEDURE Samples and data were collected every 2 months from August 2000 to October 2001. Fecal samples were collected from calves and cows. Milk samples were obtained from the bulk tank and milk line filters. Environmental samples were obtained from a water source, feed bunks of lactating cows, and cattle housing areas. Campylobacter identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed at a central laboratory by use of microbroth dilution with 2 customized antimicrobial susceptibility panels. RESULTS 460 and 1,570 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from organic and conventional dairy farms, respectively. Most isolates from both farm types were susceptible to most antimicrobial agents tested, and antimicrobial susceptibility of conventional dairy isolates was decreased, compared with organic dairy isolates. Low proportions of isolates resistant to ampicillin (< 10%) and moderate proportions resistant (30% to 60%) to kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline were observed on both farm types. The proportion of isolates resistant to tetracycline was higher for conventional than organic farms. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Campylobacter isolates from dairy cattle and farms managed organically and conventionally had similar patterns of antimicrobial resistance; the proportion of resistant isolates was higher for conventional than organic farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa W Halbert
- Population Medicine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1314, USA
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Halbert LW, Kaneene JB, Linz J, Mansfield LS, Wilson D, Ruegg PL, Warnick LD, Wells SJ, Fossler CP, Campbell AM, Geiger-Zwald AM. Genetic mechanisms contributing to reduced tetracycline susceptibility of Campylobacter isolated from organic and conventional dairy farms in the midwestern and northeastern United States. J Food Prot 2006; 69:482-8. [PMID: 16541675 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis and can be acquired through contact with farm animals or the consumption of raw milk. Because of concerns over the role of food-producing animals in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance to humans, we evaluated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates from dairy farms and the genetic mechanism conferring the observed resistance. Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance was completed on 912 isolates from conventional and 304 isolates from organic dairy farms to eight drugs (azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline) with microbroth dilution. Resistance to seven of eight drugs was very low and did not differ by farm type. However, tetracycline resistance was common in Campylobacter isolated from both organic and conventional dairy farms, with 48 and 58% of isolates affected, respectively. By multiplex PCR, we determined that tetracycline resistance was highly associated with the carriage of tetO in Campylobacter isolates (X2 = 124, P < 0.01, kappa = 0.86).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa W Halbert
- Population Medicine Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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14
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on biological hazards (BIOHAZ) related to Campylobacter in animals and foodstuffs. EFSA J 2005. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2005.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Leatherbarrow AJH, Hart CA, Kemp R, Williams NJ, Ridley A, Sharma M, Diggle PJ, Wright EJ, Sutherst J, French NP. Genotypic and antibiotic susceptibility characteristics of a Campylobacter coli population isolated from dairy farmland in the United Kingdom. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:822-30. [PMID: 14766560 PMCID: PMC348940 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.2.822-830.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infections are the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans, and nearly 8% of such infections are caused by Campylobacter coli. Most studies have concentrated on Campylobacter jejuni, frequently isolated from intensively farmed poultry and livestock production units, and few studies have examined the spread and relatedness of Campylobacter across a range of geographical and host boundaries. Systematic sampling of a 100-km2 area of mixed farmland in northwest England yielded 88 isolates of C. coli from a range of sample types and locations, and water was heavily represented. Screening for antibiotic resistance revealed a very low prevalence of resistance, while genotyping performed by using three methods (flaA PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP], pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism [fAFLP]) provided insights into the genomic relatedness of isolates from different locations and hosts. Isolates were classified into 23 flaA groups, 34 PFGE groups, and five major fAFLP clusters. PFGE banding analysis revealed a high level of variability and no clustering by sample type. fAFLP and flaA analyses successfully grouped the isolates by sample type. We report preliminary findings suggesting that there is a strain of C. coli which may have become adapted to survival or persistence in water and that there is a group of mainly water-derived isolates from which unusual flaA PCR fragments were recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J H Leatherbarrow
- DEFRA Epidemiology Fellowship Unit, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, United Kingdom.
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16
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Endtz HP, van West H, Godschalk PCR, de Haan L, Halabi Y, van den Braak N, Kesztyüs BI, Leyde E, Ott A, Verkooyen R, Price LJ, Woodward DL, Rodgers FG, Ang CW, van Koningsveld R, van Belkum A, Gerstenbluth I. Risk factors associated with Campylobacter jejuni infections in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5588-92. [PMID: 14662945 PMCID: PMC309032 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.12.5588-5592.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A steady increase in the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with a seasonal preponderance, almost exclusively related to Campylobacter jejuni, and a rise in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter enteritis have been reported from Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. We therefore investigated possible risk factors associated with diarrhea due to epidemic C. jejuni. Typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified four epidemic clones which accounted for almost 60% of the infections. One hundred six cases were included in a case-control study. Infections with epidemic clones were more frequently observed in specific districts in Willemstad, the capital of Curaçao. One of these clones caused infections during the rainy season only and was associated with the presence of a deep well around the house. Two out of three GBS-related C. jejuni isolates belonged to an epidemic clone. The observations presented point toward water as a possible source of Campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert P Endtz
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Altekruse SF, Tollefson LK. Human campylobacteriosis: a challenge for the veterinary profession. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 223:445-52. [PMID: 12930081 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2003.223.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd MSC 7234, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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18
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Hänninen ML, Haajanen H, Pummi T, Wermundsen K, Katila ML, Sarkkinen H, Miettinen I, Rautelin H. Detection and typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and analysis of indicator organisms in three waterborne outbreaks in Finland. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:1391-6. [PMID: 12620821 PMCID: PMC150068 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.3.1391-1396.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterborne outbreaks associated with contamination of drinking water by Campylobacter jejuni are rather common in the Nordic countries Sweden, Norway, and Finland, where in sparsely populated districts groundwater is commonly used without disinfection. Campylobacters, Escherichia coli, or other coliforms have rarely been detected in potential sources. We studied three waterborne outbreaks in Finland caused by C. jejuni and used sample volumes of 4,000 to 20,000 ml for analysis of campylobacters and sample volumes of 1 to 5,000 ml for analysis of coliforms and E. coli, depending on the sampling site. Multiple samples obtained from possible sources (water distribution systems and environmental water sources) and the use of large sample volumes (several liters) increased the chance of detecting the pathogen C. jejuni in water. Filtration of a large volume (1,000 to 2,000 ml) also increased the rate of detection of coliforms and E. coli. To confirm the association between drinking water contamination and illness, a combination of Penner serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (digestion with SmaI and KpnI) was found to be useful. This combination reliably verified similarity or dissimilarity of C. jejuni isolates from patient samples, from drinking water, and from other environmental sources, thus confirming the likely reservoir of an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, 00014 Helsinki University, Finland.
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Abstract
Enteropathic arthritis is a label for conditions in which gut pathology is believed to be of pathogenic importance for the developing joint disease. Impaired barrier function, as well as immunogenetic mechanism, are implicated. Recent publications have highlighted strong new support for the homing of lymphocytes from the gut mucosa to joint tissue, persistence of antigen- and cytokine-based immune deficiency. A convincing argument was made for the interesting observation that two distinct types of joint involvement with different class II HLA backgrounds occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A new mechanism implicating dimeric HLA-B27 heavy chains in the pathogenesis of enteropathic arthritis is also presented. Despite evidence for persisting antigen presence, antimicrobial therapy seems ineffective in reactive arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Wollheim
- Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Bacterial enteric infections exact a heavy toll on human populations, particularly among children. Despite the explosion of knowledge on the pathogenesis of enteric diseases experienced during the past decade, the number of diarrheal episodes and human deaths reported worldwide remains of apocalyptic dimensions. However, our better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the onset of diarrhea is finally leading to preventive interventions, such as the development of enteric vaccines, that may have a significant impact on the magnitude of this human plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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