1
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Luan X, Niu P, Wang W, Zhao L, Zhang X, Zhao D, Chen Y. Sex Disparity in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1269435. [PMID: 36385957 PMCID: PMC9646304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1269435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain whether sex-based differences influence clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of gastric cancer patients. BACKGROUND Gastric cancer in females has received less attention than in males. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of females with gastric cancer have been reported in several studies with controversial results. METHODS We systematically reviewed clinical studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science published up to June 2022. The effect sizes of the included studies were estimated using odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2 and I 2 tests, while sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the source of substantial heterogeneity. All data used in this study were obtained from previously published studies obviating the need for ethical approval and patient consent. RESULTS Seventy-six studies with 775,003 gastric cancer patients were included in the meta-analysis. Gastric cancer patients were less likely to be females (P < 0.00001). Female patients were younger in age (P < 0.00001) and showed a higher percentage of distal (P < 0.00001), non-cardia (P < 0.00001), undifferentiated (P < 0.00001), diffuse (P < 0.00001), and signet-ring cell carcinoma (P < 0.00001). Female patients showed better prognosis in both 3-year (P = 0.0003) and 5-year overall survival (OS) (P < 0.00001), especially White patients. However, females were associated with lower 5-year OS relative to males in the younger patients (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, gender differences were observed in clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of gastric cancer. Different management of therapy will become necessary for different genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Luan
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Penghui Niu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wanqing Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yingtai Chen
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China
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2
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Russi S, Marano L, Laurino S, Calice G, Scala D, Marino G, Sgambato A, Mazzone P, Carbone L, Napolitano G, Roviello F, Falco G, Zoppoli P. Gene Regulatory Network Characterization of Gastric Cancer's Histological Subtypes: Distinctive Biological and Clinically Relevant Master Regulators. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4961. [PMID: 36230884 PMCID: PMC9563962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) molecular heterogeneity represents a major determinant for clinical outcomes, and although new molecular classifications have been introduced, they are not easy to translate from bench to bedside. We explored the data from GC public databases by performing differential gene expression analysis (DEGs) and gene network reconstruction to identify master regulators (MRs), as well as a gene set analysis (GSA) to reveal their biological features. Moreover, we evaluated the association of MRs with clinicopathological parameters. According to the GSA, the Diffuse group was characterized by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory response, while the Intestinal group was associated with a cell cycle and drug resistance pathways. In particular, the regulons of Diffuse MRs, such as Vgll3 and Ciita, overlapped with the EMT and interferon-gamma response, while the regulons Top2a and Foxm1 were shared with the cell cycle pathways in the Intestinal group. We also found a strict association between MR activity and several clinicopathological features, such as survival. Our approach led to the identification of genes and pathways differentially regulated in the Intestinal and Diffuse GC histotypes, highlighting biologically interesting MRs and subnetworks associated with clinical features and prognosis, suggesting putative actionable candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Russi
- IRCCS-CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilica, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luigi Marano
- Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS-CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilica, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- IRCCS-CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilica, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Dario Scala
- IRCCS-CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilica, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Graziella Marino
- IRCCS-CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilica, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- IRCCS-CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilica, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Ludovico Carbone
- Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Napolitano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Biotechnolgy, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Li J, Kuang XH, Zhang Y, Hu DM, Liu K. Global burden of gastric cancer in adolescents and young adults: estimates from GLOBOCAN 2020. Public Health 2022; 210:58-64. [PMID: 35870322 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer in adolescents and young adults (GCAYA) has been ignored by both patients and physicians. We examined the disease burden of GCAYA and its secular trends in incidence and mortality. STUDY DESIGN A comprehensive analysis of the global burden of GCAYA based on data provided by GLOBOCAN 2020. METHODS Global, regional, sex, and country-specific data of the incidence and mortality of GCAYA were extracted from the GLOBOCAN, the Cancer in Five Continents Plus, and the World Health Organization mortality database, respectively. The associations between the Human Development Index (HDI) and GCAYA burden were also evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The global incidence of GCAYA was 0.79 per 100,000, and the corresponding mortality was 0.45 per 100,000 in 2020. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was lower in AYA (0.61) than in patients aged 40-64 years (0.65) and patients aged 65 years and older (0.75). The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were 0.84 and 0.53 per 100,000, respectively, in women, compared with 0.74 and 0.45 per 100,000, respectively, in men. The majority of new cases (17,934) and deaths (10,360) were estimated to occur in Asia. There has a significant negative correlation between the MIR of GCAYA and HDI level (R2 = 0.2707, P < 0.0001). There was a decreasing trend of incidence and mortality in most countries. CONCLUSIONS The MIR of GCAYA is lower than that among older patients and exhibit a positive association with socio-economic status. The incidence and mortality of GCAYA show a decreasing trend in most countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, China.
| | - X H Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - D M Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - K Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, China
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4
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Lee S, Kim KM, Lee SY, Jung J. Estrogen Aggravates Tumor Growth in a Diffuse Gastric Cancer Xenograft Model. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:622733. [PMID: 34257587 PMCID: PMC8262185 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.622733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer has the fifth-highest incidence rate and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence of gastric cancer is higher in men than in women, but for the diffuse types of gastric cancer, the trend is opposite. Estrogen is considered the prime culprit behind these differences. Nevertheless, the action of estrogen in gastric cancers remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of estrogen on diffuse-type gastric cancer. Human female diffuse gastric cancer SNU-16 cells were transplanted into male and female mice to analyze the effect of endogenous estrogen on tumor growth. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous estrogen was evaluated in ovariectomized mice. Expressed genes were compared between female and male xenograft models using RNA sequencing analysis. Furthermore, human gene expression omnibus databases were utilized to examine the effect of our target genes on overall survival. SNU-16-derived tumor growth was faster in female mice than in male mice. In total RNA sequencing, interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2), IQ motif containing E (IQCE), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4), and structure-specific endonuclease subunit SLX4 (SLX4) were found. These genes could be associated with the tumor growth in female diffuse-type gastric cancer which was affected by endogenous estrogen. In an ovariectomized gastric cancer xenograft model, exogenous estrogen promoted tumor growth. Especially, our results indicated that estrogen induced G protein-coupled estrogen receptor expression in these mice. These results suggest that estrogen aggravates tumor progression in female diffuse gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyi Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mee Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Young Gastric Cancer Patients: Diagnostic Staging Accuracy and Survival. THE JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY 2020; 23:163-171. [PMID: 35601641 PMCID: PMC8985612 DOI: 10.7602/jmis.2020.23.4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Tang W, Liu R, Yan Y, Pan X, Wang M, Han X, Ren H, Zhang Z. Expression of estrogen receptors and androgen receptor and their clinical significance in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40765-40777. [PMID: 28388558 PMCID: PMC5522298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the mounting studies exploring the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) in gastric cancer (GC), there remain controversies in those findings. The present study investigated the expression of ERα, ERβ and AR in Chinese gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry, analyzed their clinical relevance in gastric cancer, and examined the potential mechanisms by which ERα and AR modulated GC progression. The positive rate of ERα, ERβ and AR in GC tissues was 6% (9/150), 93.5% (143/153), and 42.4% (59/139), respectively. The expression of ERα was an independent unfavorable risk factor for overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.639, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.432-9.246, p = 0.007) for GC patients. Moreover, AR was borderline significantly associated with poor progress free survival (PFS) after adjustment with other variables (HR = 1.573, 95% CI = 0.955-2.592, p = 0.075). Knockdown of ERα inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells possibly via modulating the expression of p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1 and E-cadherin. Downregulation of AR suppressed the migration and invasion of GC cells and inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rujiao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Han
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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7
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Horimoto Y, Hirashima T, Arakawa A, Miura H, Saito M. Metastatic colonic and gastric polyps from breast cancer resembling hyperplastic polyps. Surg Case Rep 2018; 4:23. [PMID: 29572575 PMCID: PMC5866257 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-018-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is relatively rare and is generally found when patients complain of symptoms such as gastrointestinal obstruction. Herein, we report a case with metastatic colonic and gastric lesions from breast cancer, with the formation of mucosal polyps which resembled typical hyperplastic polyps. A 47-year-old woman underwent curable surgery for breast cancer and received standard systemic treatments. Her primary tumor was composed of a mix of invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas. During adjuvant endocrine therapy, she developed multiple colonic metastases, identified by colonoscopy performed as part of a general health check-up. She had no symptoms. Small elevated sessile polyps in the transverse colon and rectum showed histological features of signet-ring cell type adenocarcinoma, similar to the invasive lobular component of the primary breast cancer. During treatments for recurrent disease, she also developed multiple gastric metastases, with the same endoscopic and pathological features as the colonic lesions. Her treatment regimen was switched to oral chemotherapy, and she has since maintained stable disease for nearly 3 years. Multiple bone metastases eventually developed, and she was again switched to another systemic treatment but, to date, has remained free of symptoms. We emphasize that the endoscopic findings of the metastatic lesions in the colon and stomach in this case highly resembled hyperplastic polyps. Since biopsy is not always performed for hyperplastic polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, we believe that this case report may encourage endoscopists to offer biopsies to the patient who has a history of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Horimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Hirashima
- Tamaplaza South Gastrointestinal Clinic, 3-14-12 Shinishikawa, Aoba-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 225-0003, Japan
| | - Atsushi Arakawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Miura
- Department of Surgery, Koshigaya Municipal Hospital, 10-47-1 Higashikoshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsue Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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8
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Nie X, Xie R, Tuo B. Effects of Estrogen on the Gastrointestinal Tract. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:583-596. [PMID: 29387989 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is a kind of steroid compound that has extensive biologic activities. The effect of estrogen is pleiotropic, affecting multiple systems in the body. There is accumulating evidence that estrogen has important effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Longer exposure to estrogen may decrease the risk of gastric cancer. Use of the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen might increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Estrogen receptor β may serve as a target for colorectal cancer prevention. In addition, estrogen has been reported to be closely related to the mucosal barrier, gastrointestinal function and intestinal inflammation. However, the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract has not been systematically summarized. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract and evaluate it from various aspects, including estrogen receptors, the mucosal barrier, intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal tract tumors, which may provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to manage gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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9
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Kim SM, Min BH, Lee J, An JY, Lee JH, Sohn TS, Bae JM, Kim JJ, Kang WK, Kim S, Choi MG. Protective Effects of Female Reproductive Factors on Lauren Intestinal-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:28-34. [PMID: 29214773 PMCID: PMC5725360 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer shows a male predominance that might be explained by protective effects from estrogens in females. Two Lauren classification histological subtypes, intestinal and diffuse, have distinct carcinogeneses. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of sex hormone on female gastric cancer according to Lauren classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed medical records for and administered questionnaires, surveying reproductive and hormonal factors, to 758 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer at Samsung Medical Center from May 2012 to November 2014. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between females and males. The incidence of intestinal-type gastric cancer was compared between females subgroups, consist of premenopausal women and three groups of postmenopausal women (five-year intervals after menopause), and males. The association between reproductive factors and intestinal-type gastric cancer was analyzed by multivariate models for the female group. RESULTS In total, 227 females (29.9%) and 531 males (70.9%) were included in the analysis. Undifferentiated adenocarcinoma and diffuse-type histology were more frequent in female patients than male patients. While 221 (41.6%) male patients had intestinal-type gastric cancer, no premenopausal female patient had this type of gastric cancer. The incidence of intestinal-type gastric cancer increased with time after menopause, and was similar to males after 10 years from menopause. Parity was associated with an increased risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer in menopausal women. CONCLUSION These findings support that female sex hormones might be protective against intestinal-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Min
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeong An
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Sohn
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Moon Bae
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Gew Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Frycz BA, Murawa D, Borejsza-Wysocki M, Wichtowski M, Spychała A, Marciniak R, Murawa P, Drews M, Jagodziński PP. mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, steroid hormone receptors and their coregulators in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3369-3378. [PMID: 28521442 PMCID: PMC5431337 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental findings suggest that the development of gastric cancer (GC) is regulated by steroid hormones. In postmenopausal women and older men, the majority of steroid hormones are produced locally in peripheral tissue through the enzymatic conversion of steroid precursors. Therefore, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the mRNA expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes, including steroid sulfatase (STS), hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 and aromatase (CYP19A1), was investigated in primary tumoral and adjacent healthy gastric mucosa from 60 patients with GC. Furthermore, the mRNA levels for estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β (ESR2) and androgen receptor (AR), along with their coregulators, including proline, glutamate and leucine rich protein 1, CREB binding protein, nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1), nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1), were investigated. Additionally, the association between the mRNA expression of these genes and the clinicopathological features of patients with GC was examined. Significantly decreased levels of STS, HSD3B1, ESR2, AR, NCOA1 and NCOR1 mRNA, in addition to significantly increased levels of CYP19A1 mRNA were demonstrated in tumoral tissue samples compared with adjacent healthy gastric tissue samples. Deregulated expression of these genes in the analyzed tissue samples was associated with certain clinicopathological features of GC, such as age and localization of the tumor. The results of the current study suggest that all of the genes analyzed are expressed in tumoral and adjacent healthy gastric mucosa. In addition, the results indicate that abnormal expression of STS, ESR2, AR, NCOA1 and NCOR1 may serve a role in the development and progression of GC, and may be associated with specific clinicopathological features in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Adam Frycz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dawid Murawa
- First Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznań, Poland.,Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital of Wrocław, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Borejsza-Wysocki
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Heliodor Święcicki Clinical Hospital, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wichtowski
- First Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Spychała
- First Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Marciniak
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Heliodor Święcicki Clinical Hospital, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Murawa
- First Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Drews
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Heliodor Święcicki Clinical Hospital, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
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Lope V, Fernández de Larrea N, Pérez-Gómez B, Martín V, Moreno V, Costas L, Longo F, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Llorca J, Ascunce N, Peiró-Pérez R, Altzibar JM, Tardón A, Alguacil J, Navarro C, Sierra Á, Vega AB, Villafañe A, Castaño-Vinyals G, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Aragonés N. Menstrual and Reproductive Factors and Risk of Gastric and Colorectal Cancer in Spain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164620. [PMID: 27776142 PMCID: PMC5077095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex hormones play a role in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer etiology, however, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This study examines the influence of menstrual and reproductive factors over the risk of both tumors. Methods In this case-control study 128 women with gastric cancer and 1293 controls, as well as 562 female and colorectal cancer cases and 1605 controls were recruited in 9 and 11 Spanish provinces, respectively. Population controls were frequency matched to cases by age and province. Demographic and reproductive data were directly surveyed by trained staff. The association with gastric, colon and rectal cancer was assessed using logistic and multinomial mixed regression models. Results Our results show an inverse association of age at first birth with gastric cancer risk (five-year trend: OR = 0.69; p-value = 0.006). Ever users of hormonal contraception presented a decreased risk of gastric (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.26–0.69), colon (OR = 0.64; 95%CI = 0.48–0.86) and rectal cancer (OR = 0.61; 95%CI = 0.43–0.88). Postmenopausal women who used hormone replacement therapy showed a decreased risk of colon and rectal tumors. A significant interaction of educational level with parity and months of first child lactation was also observed. Conclusion These findings suggest a protective role of exogenous hormones in gastric and colorectal cancer risk. The role of endogenous hormones remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid 28222, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de León, León 24071, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Federico Longo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA)-Granada Health Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Nieves Ascunce
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Navarra Breast Cancer Screening Programme, Public Health Institute, Pamplona 31003, Spain
| | - Rosana Peiró-Pérez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cancer and Public Health Area, Fundación Para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia 46020, Spain
| | - Jone M. Altzibar
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Donostia 20013, San Sebastián, Spain
- Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva 21071, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia 30008, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30003, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sierra
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Vega
- Gastroenterology, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Barcelona 08840, Spain
| | - Amaya Villafañe
- Servicio de Cirugía, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León 24071, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid 28222, Spain
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Prognostic impact of the c-MET polymorphism on the clinical outcome in locoregional gastric cancer patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2015; 24:588-96. [PMID: 25203738 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of the c-MET signaling pathway results from various molecular mechanisms including mutation, amplification, and overexpression. Overexpression and amplification of c-MET have been correlated with poor clinical outcome in gastric cancer, whereas the associations between c-MET polymorphisms and prognosis have not been well defined. We examined the prognostic impact of functional polymorphisms of the MET gene on clinical outcome in gastric cancer. METHODS Candidate polymorphisms of the MET gene were analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing for the associations with clinical outcome across three independent cohorts, including 161 Japanese, 101 US, and 63 Austrian patients, with locoregional gastric cancer, treated with surgery. RESULTS The univariable analysis showed that patients with any G (A/G or G/G genotype) allele of MET rs40239 had significantly longer disease-free survival and overall survival compared with those with the AA genotype in the Japanese cohort [hazard ratio (HR): 0.43, P=0.001, and HR: 0.47, P=0.006, respectively]; this remained significant upon multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, stage, and type of adjuvant therapy (HR: 0.48; P=0.009, HR: 0.50; P=0.017, respectively). However, there was no significant association of the polymorphism with clinical outcome in the US and Austrian cohorts. When stratified by sex in the Japanese cohort, male individuals, but not female individuals, with the G allele maintained a clinical outcome benefit in both univariable and multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION MET rs40239 may serve as a prognostic biomarker in locoregional gastric cancer. These data also suggest that genetic variants of c-MET may show sex-related differences in the impact on clinical outcome.
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Estrogen receptor-beta genetic variations and overall survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 17:36-41. [PMID: 26503819 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has been shown not only to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer but also gastric cancer (GC). Polymorphisms in estrogen receptor β gene, ESR2, correlate with colorectal cancer survival. To better understand the role of ESR2 in GC, genomic DNA extracted from 169 Japanese patients and 172 patients from Los Angeles County (LAC) was analyzed for association of overall survival (OS) with three ESR2 polymorphisms, which are of biological significance using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. ESR2 rs1271572 (C>A) and rs3020443 (T>G) had univariate and multivariable associations with OS in the Japanese cohort, whereas the C allele of ESR2 rs2978381 (T>C) predicted favorable OS in the Japanese cohort but worse OS in the LAC cohort. The interaction term of the ESR2 rs2978381 and cohort group reached statistical significance. Our study provides evidence that genetic variations in ESR2 gene are significantly associated with survival in patients with locally advanced GC.
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14
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Anti-tumor efficacy of fulvestrant in estrogen receptor positive gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7592. [PMID: 25534230 PMCID: PMC4274538 DOI: 10.1038/srep07592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prognostic role of the estrogen receptor (ER) in gastric cancer (GC) patients, tumor tissues from 932 patients with advanced GC were assessed for ER expression using immunohistochemistry, and their clinicopathologic features were evaluated. Forty patients (4.3%) had ER expression and they were more frequently associated with diffuse type gastric cancer and shorter disease free survival. Furthermore, we carried out in vitro analysis to evaluate the effect of ER modulation on the proliferation of GC cell lines. Estradiol enhanced proliferation of ER positive GC cells while it did not show any effect on ER negative GC cells. When ER was inhibited by fulvestrant and ER siRNA, estradiol-induced proliferation of ER positive GC cell was suppressed. Paclitaxel showed synergistic anti-proliferative impacts with fulvestrant. Suppressing ER by fulvestrant, paclitaxel and ER siRNA showed increased expression of E-cadherin, which is a crucial factor in diffuse-type carcinogenesis.
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Chen HX, Zhou YJ, Wang LL, Li H, Xiong YX. Effect of estrogen on expression of PI9 and cell proliferation in human gastric cancer cell lines. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3613-3618. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i24.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of estrogen receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) in four gastric cancer cell lines and evaluate the effect of estrogen on cell proliferation and expression of serine proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI9) in gastric cancer cells.
METHODS: Gastric cancer cell lines with PI9 positive expression (MNK45 and SGC7901) and those with negative expression (MNK28 and BGC823) were used. The expression of ER was detected by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was tested by CCK8 assay, and expression of PI9 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
RESULTS: ER-α protein expression was noted in MNK45 and SGC7901 cells, ER-β expression was noted in BGC823 cells, and ER-α and ER-β were undetectable in MNK28 cells. Compared with the negative control group, estrogen could significantly promote the proliferation of MNK45 and SGC7901 cells at concentrations of 1-100 nmol/L, of BGC823 cells at concentrations of 10-100 nmol/L, and of MNK28 at a concentration of 10 nmol/L (P < 0.05). The expression of PI9 mRNA in SGC-7901 and MNK45 cells was enhanced after intervention with estrogen, and the relative grey value of PI9 mRNA in MNK45 cells (0.7158 ± 0.0734) increased significantly compared with the control group (0.5401 ± 0.0653, P = 0.014).
CONCLUSION: Estrogen could significantly promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by binding to ER, possibly via inducing the expression of PI9.
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Yu J, He Y, Guo Z. Age trend of the male to female sex ratio in surgical gastric cancer patients at a single institution. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:269. [PMID: 25141903 PMCID: PMC4155119 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous reports concerning the association between sex disparity and age, gastric cancer (GC) patients were simply divided into younger and older groups by age. We analyzed the age trend of the male to female sex ratio (MFSR) in GC based on patient sequential age in order to observe the changing process of MFSR with age. METHODS One thousand seven hundred fifty-one surgical gastric adenocarcinoma patients aged 26 to 85 years were investigated between January 1996 and December 2010. The patients were grouped by age intervals of 5 years. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to determine how the MFSR changed with age. RESULTS The median age of the 1,751 patients with GC was 60 years (26 to 85 years). There were 1,334 male and 417 female patients (MFSR was 3.20). Cochran-Armitage trend test analysis showed that total MFSR increased significantly with age (Z = 5.964, P < 0.0001). Further studies on age groups of 26 to 60 years and 61 to 85 years were conducted. The trend test showed that MFSR increased significantly with age from 26 to 60 years (Z = 7.433, P < 0.0001). However, MFSR did not increase in ages 61 to 85 years (Z = -0.607, P = 0.544). CONCLUSIONS MFSR in GC presented an increasing trend until 60 years of age. The male GC patients showed an increasing tendency, and female GC patients showed a decreasing tendency with age. This trend reached a plateau phase after 60 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, 67 West Dongchang Road, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252000, China.
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Li Z, Wu J, Ji M, Shi L, Xu B, Jiang J, Wu C. Prognostic role of lemur tyrosine kinase 3 in postoperative gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:756-760. [PMID: 25054042 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of gastric cancer has been unsatisfactory thus far; therefore, novel targets and treatment strategies are urgently required. Lemur tyrosine kinase (LMTK)3 is an estrogen receptor-α (ERα) modulator with a central role in endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Moreover, the expression and polymorphisms of LMTK3 are correlated with the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Since estrogen receptor (ER) is also expressed and plays a role in gastric cancer, we herein investigated the expression of the LMTK3 protein in 83 gastric cancer patients by tissue microarray and analyzed the correlation between LMTK3 expression and the prognosis of gastric cancer. Our results demonstrated that LMTK3 was more frequently expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous mucosa (79.5 vs. 45.8%, respectively; P=0.000). The LMTK3 expression was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion (P=0.002) and disease stage (P=0.035). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the postoperative survival of the LMTK3-negative group was superior to that of the LMTK3-positive group (P=0.043). Moreover, the multivariate analysis identified LMTK3 expression as an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer (P=0.019). These findings suggested that the expression of LMTK3 may be a negative prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. Moreover, targeting LMTK3 is a potential strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer, although the biological functions of LMTK3 in gastric cancer require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Liangrong Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Wei X, Zhang E, Wang C, Gu D, Shen L, Wang M, Xu Z, Gong W, Tang C, Gao J, Chen J, Zhang Z. A MAP3k1 SNP predicts survival of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96083. [PMID: 24759887 PMCID: PMC3997500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) MAP3K1 rs889312 is a genetic susceptibility marker significantly associated with a risk of hormone-related tumors such as breast cancer. Considering steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathways have an important role in the progression of gastric cancer, we hypothesized that MAP3K1 rs889312 may be associated with survival outcomes in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis. METHODS We genotyped MAP3K1 rs889312 using TaqMan in 884 gastric cancer patients who received subtotal or total gastrectomy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to analyze the association between MAP3K1 rs889312 genotypes and survival outcomes of gastric cancer. RESULTS Our findings reveal that the rs889312 heterozygous AC genotype was significantly associated with an increased rate of mortality among patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer (log-rank P = 0.028 for AC versus AA/CC, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.69), compared to those carrying the homozygous variant genotypes (AA/CC). Additionally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrate that rs889312 polymorphism was an independent risk factor for poor survival in these patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrate that MAP3K1 rs889312 is closely correlated with outcome among diffuse-type gastric cancer. This raises the possibility for rs889312 polymorphisms to be used as an independent indicator for predicting the prognosis of diffuse-type gastric cancer within the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Enke Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanxi People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weida Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing Tumor Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinglong Gao
- Central Laboratory, Shanxi People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (ZZ)
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (ZZ)
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Kweon SS, Shu XO, Xiang Y, Cai H, Yang G, Ji BT, Li H, Gao YT, Zheng W, Epplein M. Intake of specific nonfermented soy foods may be inversely associated with risk of distal gastric cancer in a Chinese population. J Nutr 2013; 143:1736-42. [PMID: 23986366 PMCID: PMC3796344 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.177675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the association between soy consumption and gastric cancer is inconsistent, we evaluated the putative preventive effect of soy food on gastric cancer risk in the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies, comprising a total of 128,687 participants. Intake of nonfermented soy foods was estimated using 2 validated food-frequency questionnaires. HRs were calculated with 95% CIs for intake amounts of total nonfermented soy food intake, soy protein, and isoflavones as well as individual soy food groups using Cox proportional hazards regression. A total of 493 distal gastric cancer cases were identified by 2010. Although all risk estimates for summary measures of soy food intake above the lowest quartile (quartile 1) were suggestive of a protective effect, no statistically significant associations with risk of distal gastric cancer were found. Among the separate soy food groups, significant reductions in risk of distal gastric cancer by increasing intake of tofu were found in men in quartile 2 (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86), quartile 3 (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.88), and quartile 4 (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.99), resulting in a significant trend (P-trend = 0.02). Dry bean intake was also inversely associated with decreased risk of gastric cancer, but in postmenopausal women only [quartile 2 (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.96); quartile 3 (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.27); and quartile 4 (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.91)], resulting in a significant trend (P-trend = 0.03). Overall, our study found no statistically significant association between nonfermented soy food intake and distal gastric cancer risk, though the data supported the hypothesis that tofu may protect against distal gastric cancer in men and dry bean consumption may decrease the risk of gastric cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Seog Kweon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yongbing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Meira Epplein
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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20
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Wakatsuki T, LaBonte MJ, Bohanes PO, Zhang W, Yang D, Azuma M, Barzi A, Ning Y, Loupakis F, Saadat S, Volz N, Stintzing S, El-Khoueiry R, Koizumi W, Watanabe M, Shah M, Stebbing J, Giamas G, Lenz HJ. Prognostic role of lemur tyrosine kinase-3 germline polymorphisms in adjuvant gastric cancer in Japan and the United States. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2261-72. [PMID: 23918832 PMCID: PMC3810398 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) was recently identified as an estrogen receptor (ER)-α modulator related to endocrine therapy resistance, and its polymorphisms rs9989661 (T>C) T/T genotype and rs8108419 (G>A) G/G or A/G genotype predicted improved outcomes in breast cancer. Because different predominant ER distributions link to breast and gastric cancer and little is known of the prognostic role of LMTK3 in gastric cancer, this study was carried out to clarify the prognostic role of these polymorphisms in gastric cancer. One-hundred and sixty-nine Japanese and 137 U.S. patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood or tissue, and all samples were analyzed by PCR-based direct DNA sequencing. Overall, these polymorphisms were not associated with survival in both cohorts. When gender was considered, in multivariate analysis, harboring rs9989661 T/T genotype was associated with disease-free survival [HR, 4.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08-9.18; P < 0.0001] and overall survival (OS; HR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.65-8.24; P = 0.0014) in the Japanese males and time to recurrence (HR, 7.29; 95% CI, 1.07-49.80; P = 0.043) in the U.S. females. Meanwhile, harboring rs8108419 G/G genotype was associated with OS in the Japanese females (HR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.08-8.56; P = 0.035) and the U.S. males (HR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.31-8.80; P = 0.012). The prognostic role of these polymorphisms may be negative in gastric cancer. These findings suggest that the estrogen pathway may play a prognostic role in patients with gastric cancer but this may be dependent on the regional differences both in physiology and genetic alterations of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Wakatsuki
- Corresponding Author: Heinz-Josef Lenz, Sharon A. Carpenter Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
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21
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Zhou J, Teng R, Xu C, Wang Q, Guo J, Xu C, Li Z, Xie S, Shen J, Wang L. Overexpression of ERα inhibits proliferation and invasion of MKN28 gastric cancer cells by suppressing β-catenin. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1622-30. [PMID: 23843035 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between estrogen receptor (ER)α and patient prognosis has been identified in gastric cancer; however, the definite role of ERα in gastric cancer remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the impact of ERα on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer cell lines. We investigated the biological effect of ERα overexpression on gastric carcinoma cells. An MKN28 gastric cancer cell line stably overexpressing ERα was established. The effect of ERα overexpression on cell growth was assessed by evaluating cell survival, colony formation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell migration/invasion assays. The protein levels of several potentially involved genes were determined by western blotting to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The Student's t-test was used to determine the statistical differences between various experimental and control groups, and one-way ANOVA test was used to determine the difference between three or more groups. The results showed that ERα overexpression significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation, blocked cell entry into the G1/G0 phase and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, ERα reduced the motility and invasion of gastric cancer cells. These phenotypes may partly be explained by a decrease in β-catenin expression caused by ERα overexpression. ERα overexpression effectively inhibited cell growth and cancer progression by suppressing β-catenin in gastric cancer, identifying ERα as a promising target with therapeutic potential for development of new approaches to treat gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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22
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Shi J, Lu Y, Zhang X, Wang XW, Ye M, Jiao JP, Pei B, Wei PK. [Relationship between expressions of estrogen and progesterone receptors and syndrome types of gastric carcinoma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:629-35. [PMID: 20619138 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between expressions of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in gastric carcinoma and to establish prognostic indicators for gastric carcinoma. METHODS A total of 72 patients with gastric carcinoma were divided into six groups according to TCM syndrome differentiation. Specimens were collected after operation and ER and PR protein expressions were detected by EnVision immunohistochemical method. RESULTS The common syndromes in female patients with gastric carcinoma were disharmony between liver and stomach, yin impairment due to stomach heat, and insufficiency of both qi and blood; while in males, interior retention of stagnant toxin, interior retention of phlegm and dampness, and deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach were common. Different TCM syndromes were related with gender (P<0.01), pathology (P<0.01), cell differentiation (P<0.05), infiltration depth (P<0.01), lymphaden metastasis (P<0.05), distant metastasis (P<0.05), and TNM stage (P<0.01). Deficiency and excess syndromes were associated with gender (P<0.05), pathology (P<0.05), tumor location (P<0.01) and TNM stage (P<0.05). The deficiency syndromes were common in female patients. The total positive rates of ER and PR expressions were 8.33% and 37.5% respectively. There was a significant difference in PR expression among different TCM syndromes (P<0.01). PR expression was significantly higher in the syndrome of yin deficiency due to stomach heat than in the other syndromes. The PR expressions in deficiency syndromes were significantly higher than those in excess syndromes (P<0.01). No correlation was found between ER expression and different TCM syndromes. CONCLUSION There is a correlation between PR expression and different TCM syndromes in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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23
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Ito M, Yoshihara M, Takata S, Wada Y, Matsuo T, Boda T, Tanaka S, Chayama K. Serum screening for detection of high-risk group for early-stage diffuse type gastric cancer in Japanese. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:598-602. [PMID: 21883453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Serum screening systems are beneficial for gastric cancer mass surveys; however, the marker for diffuse type gastric cancer (DGC) is not defined. We attempted to define the high-risk group for DGC by using serum markers of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and pepsinogens (PG). METHODS Forty-two patients in the early stage of DGC and 511 controls were enrolled. Fasting serum samples were collected, and anti-H. pylori antibody and PG were evaluated. The risk for DGC was calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of DGC was higher in H. pylori-positive patients (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3 in men, 9.6 in women). DGC prevalence was significantly higher in the PG1+ group in women (OR = 10.7); however, it was lower in the PG3+ group in both men and women. Patients with PG II ≥ 30 revealed a significantly higher risk for DGC. By combining factors, higher OR (OR = 12.5 in men, 42.7 in women) were obtained when we defined the risk group as H. pylori-positive, PG-negative, and having PG II ≥ 30. CONCLUSION The risk group for DGC can be defined by evaluating ordinary serum gastritis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Wang J, Li J, Fang R, Xie S, Wang L, Xu C. Expression of ERα36 in gastric cancer samples and their matched normal tissues. Oncol Lett 2011; 3:172-175. [PMID: 22740875 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α36 (ERα36) is believed to mediate membrane-initiated effects of estrogen signaling, and promote cell growth and resistance to tamoxifen treatment. However, few studies are available regarding ERα36 expression in gastric cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of ERα36, as well as estrogen receptor α66 (ERα66), in gastric cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the expression of ERα66 and ERα36 mRNA in 45 pairs of samples of gastric cancer tissues and matched normal tissues. The ΔΔCT method was used to evaluate the relative quantity of target mRNA expression. Among the 45 pairs of samples of gastric cancer tissues and matched normal tissues adjacent to the tumor, the ERα36 mRNA levels in normal tissues were significantly higher than those observed in gastric cancer tissues (p=0.040). Additionally, the expression of ERα66 mRNA levels between gastric cancer tissues and matched normal tissues had no statistically significant difference. We confirmed that ERα36 mRNA was expressed in the four gastric cancer cell lines, and ERα66 mRNA was expressed in two of the four gastric cancer cell lines. According to the tissue and cell findings, it was suggested that the expression level of ERα36 is greater than that of ERα66 in gastric cancer. In conclusion, the expression of ERα66 and ERα36 in gastric cancer tissues and cells was confirmed in this study. A decreased expression of ERα36 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues may be one of the factors affecting tumorigenesis in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Chunan County First Hospital, Zhejiang 312030
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Wang XM, Liu JJ, Deng H, Chen Y, Liu LJ. ER-α36 promotes the growth of SGC-7901 cells in nude mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2919-2924. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i28.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of ER-α36 on the growth of SGC-7901 cells in nude mice.
METHODS: Utilizing lentivirus technology, we developed SGC7901 cell lines stably expressing ER-α36 siRNA vector (SGC7901-Low36) and ER-α36 expression vector (SGC7901-High36). Unmanipulated SGC7901 cells were used as controls (SGC7901-Control). These cells were subcutaneously injected into the nude mice to form SGC7901 transplantable tumors. The size and weight of the tumors were measured. Nuclear division was observed after HE staining, and the expression of Ki67 and E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Transplantable tumors formed in all nude mice. From day 16 to day 30, tumor size was highest in the SGC7901-High36 group, followed by the SGC7901-Control group, and the SGC7901-Low36 group had the least tumor size. There were significant differences (all P < 0.05) in tumor size between any two groups. On day 30, tumor weight was significantly higher in the SGC7901-High36 group than in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-Low36 groups (2.58 g ± 0.014 g vs 1.32 g ± 0.0245 g, 0.471 g ± 0.021 g; both P < 0.05). The number of nuclear division phases was significantly higher in the SGC7901-High36 group than in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-Low36 groups (42.33 ± 6.33 vs 28.5 ± 0.35, 12.5 ± 2.5; both P < 0.05). The expression of Ki67 was significantly higher in the SGC7901-High36 group than in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-Low36 groups (86.35 ± 5.23 vs 65.44 ± 4.56, 18.25 ± 2.56; both P < 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin in tumors in the SGC7901-High36 group was hardly seen, significantly lower than that in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-High36 groups.
CONCLUSION: ER-α36 may play an important role in gastric cancer cell growth and proliferation. ER-α36 may target tumor cells through adhesion molecules to promote tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Ohtani M, Ge Z, García A, Rogers AB, Muthupalani S, Taylor NS, Xu S, Watanabe K, Feng Y, Marini RP, Whary MT, Wang TC, Fox JG. 17 β-estradiol suppresses Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric pathology in male hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1244-50. [PMID: 21565825 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer is male predominant and animal studies suggest that sex hormones influence gastric carcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) or castration on H.pylori-induced gastritis in male INS-GAS/FVB/N (Tg(Ins1-GAS)1Sbr) mice. Comparisons were made to previously evaluated sham (n = 8) and H.pylori-infected (n = 8), intact male INS-GAS mice which had developed severe corpus gastritis accompanied by atrophy, hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia of the epithelium within 16 weeks postinfection (all P < 0.01). Castration at 8 weeks of age had no sparing effect on lesions in uninfected (n = 5) or H.pylori-infected mice (n = 7) but all lesion subfeatures were attenuated by E2 in H.pylori-infected mice (n = 7) (P < 0.001). Notably, inflammation was not reduced but glandular atrophy, hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia were also less severe in uninfected, E2-treated mice (n = 7) (P < 0.01). Attenuation of gastric lesions by E2 was associated with lower messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.05) and interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.004), and higher IL-10 (P < 0.02) as well as decreased numbers of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells when compared with infected intact males. Infected E2-treated mice also developed higher Th2-associated anti-H.pylori IgG1 responses (P < 0.05) and significantly lower Ki-67 indices of epithelial proliferation (P < 0.05). E2 elevated expression of mRNA for Foxp3 (P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (P < 0.01), and decreased IL-1β (P < 0.01) in uninfected, intact male mice compared with controls. Therefore, estrogen supplementation, but not castration, attenuated gastric lesions in H.pylori-infected male INS-GAS mice and to a lesser extent in uninfected mice, potentially by enhancing IL-10 function, which in turn decreased IFN-γ and IL-1β responses induced by H.pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohtani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Wu IC, Zhao Y, Zhai R, Liu CY, Chen F, Ter-Minassian M, Asomaning K, Su L, Heist RS, Kulke MH, Liu G, Christiani DC. Interactions between genetic polymorphisms in the apoptotic pathway and environmental factors on esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:502-6. [PMID: 21212151 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How genetic variations in apoptosis pathway interact with environmental factors to contribute to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) risk has not been comprehensively investigated. We conducted a case-only analysis in 335 Caucasian EA patients that were genotyped for 242 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 43 apoptotic genes. Gene-environment interactions were assessed using a two-step approach. First, random forest algorithm was used to screen for the potential interacting markers. Next, we used case-only logistic regression model to estimate the effects of gene-environment interactions on EA risk. Four SNPs (PERP rs648802; PIK3CA rs4855094, rs7644468 and TNFRSF1A rs4149579) had significant interaction with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The presence of variant alleles in TP53BP1 rs560191, CASP7 rs7907519 or BCL2 rs12454712 enhanced the risk of smoking by 2.08-2.58 times [interaction odds ratio (ORi)=2.08-2.58, adjusted P-value (Padj)=0.02-0.04]. Compared with patients carrying ≤1 risk genotype, the risk of GERD on EA was increased in persons with two (ORi=1.89, Padj=0.016) or ≥3 (ORi=4.30, Padj<0.0001) risk genotypes. Compared with cases with ≤1 risk genotype, smoking-associated EA risk increased by 3.15 times when ≥2 risk genotypes were present (ORi=3.15, Padj<0.0001). In conclusion, interactions among apoptotic SNPs and GERD or smoking play an important role in EA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Wu
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Duell EJ, Travier N, Lujan-Barroso L, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Palli D, Krogh V, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Rodriguez L, Sanchez-Cantalejo E, Navarro C, Barricarte A, Dorronsoro M, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Allen NE, Tsilidis KK, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Jeurnink SM, Numans ME, Peeters PHM, Lagiou P, Valanou E, Trichopoulou A, Kaaks R, Lukanova-McGregor A, Bergman MM, Boeing H, Manjer J, Lindkvist B, Stenling R, Hallmans G, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, Bakken K, Lund E, Jenab M, McCormack V, Rinaldi S, Michaud D, Mouw T, Nesi G, Carneiro F, Riboli E, González CA. Menstrual and reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and gastric cancer risk in a cohort of women from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:1384-93. [PMID: 21051447 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) is lower in women than in men. Furthermore, cancer patients treated with estrogens have been reported to have a lower subsequent risk of GC. The authors conducted a prospective analysis of menstrual and reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and GC in 335,216 women from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, a cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years from 10 European countries. After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years (through 2004), 181 women for whom complete exposure data were available developed GC. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Women who had ovariectomy had a 79% increased risk of GC (based on 25 cases) compared with women who did not (hazard ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 2.78). Total cumulative years of menstrual cycling was inversely associated with GC risk (fifth vs. first quintile: hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.98; P(trend) = 0.06). No other reproductive factors analyzed were associated with risk of GC. The results of this analysis provide some support for the hypothesis that endogenous ovarian sex hormones lower GC incidence in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Avda Gran Via 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Xu CY, Guo JL, Jiang ZN, Xie SD, Shen JG, Shen JY, Wang LB. Prognostic role of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2503-9. [PMID: 20339947 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) have been reported in cell and tissue level in gastric cancer, but its impact on patients' survival remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the expression level of ERalpha and ERbeta and to assess clinical significance of ERalpha and ERbeta expression in gastric cancer. METHODS The expression level of ERalpha and ERbeta were assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 35 surgically resected gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues and by immunohistochemical staining in 211 surgically resected gastric cancer and match normal tissues. RESULTS The expression level between ERalpha mRNA expression in gastric cancer tissues and match normal tissues had no statistically significant difference. The ERbeta mRNA level in normal tissues was significantly higher than that observed in gastric cancer tissues (P = 0.001). Neither ERalpha nor ERbeta mRNA expression levels had significant correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. Forty-eight of 211 (22.7%) gastric cancer tissues showed positive expression of ERalpha and ERbeta detected in gastric cancer. ERalpha-positive expression correlated with poorer overall survival (P = 0.014), as did the absence of ERbeta expression in patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the positive expression of ERalpha and the absence of ERbeta were significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival (hazard ratio 2.159, P = 0.013, and hazard ratio 2.016, P = 0.025 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ERalpha and ERbeta were expressed in both gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues. ERalpha expression and the absence of ERbeta expression are associated with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Kameda C, Nakamura M, Tanaka H, Yamasaki A, Kubo M, Tanaka M, Onishi H, Katano M. Oestrogen receptor-alpha contributes to the regulation of the hedgehog signalling pathway in ERalpha-positive gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:738-47. [PMID: 20087349 PMCID: PMC2837575 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is highly expressed in diffuse-type gastric cancer and oestrogen increases the proliferation of ERalpha-positive gastric cancer. However, a detailed mechanism by which oestrogen increases the proliferation of these cells is still unclear. METHODS We used 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) as a stimulator against the ERalpha pathway. Pure anti-oestrogen drug ICI 182 780 (ICI) and small interfering RNA against ERalpha (ERalpha siRNA) were used as inhibitors. Cyclopamine (Cyc) was used as the hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor. Two human ERalpha-positive gastric cancer cells were used as target cells. Effects of the stimulator and inhibitor on E2-induced cell proliferation were also examined. RESULTS In ERalpha-positive cells, E2 increased not only cell proliferation but also one of the ligands of the Hh pathway, Shh expression. 17-beta-Oestradiol-induced cell proliferation was suppressed by ICI, ERalpha siRNA or Cyc. The increased expression of Shh induced by E2 was suppressed by ICI and ERalpha siRNA but not by Cyc. Furthermore, recombinant Shh activated the Hh pathway and increased cell proliferation, whereas anti-Shh antibody suppressed E2-induced cell proliferation. When a relationship between ERalpha and Shh expressions was analysed using surgically resected gastric cancer specimens, a positive correlation was found, suggesting a linkage between the ERalpha and Hh pathways. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that activation of the ERalpha pathway promotes cell proliferation by activating the Hh pathway in a ligand-dependent manner through Shh induction of ERalpha-positive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kameda
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Chandanos E, Lagergren J. The mystery of male dominance in oesophageal cancer and the potential protective role of oestrogen. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:3149-55. [PMID: 19804965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common form of cancer death globally with almost 400,000 deaths annually. More than 90% of all cases are either adenocarcinomas (OAC) or squamous-cell carcinomas (OSCC). There is a strong male predominance with up to 8 and 3 men for every woman affected with OAC and OSCC, respectively. It has been hypothesised that sex hormonal factors may play a role in the development of oesophageal cancer or more specifically that oestrogen prevents such development. This article reviews the available literature on this topic. Basic science studies suggest an inhibitory effect of oestrogen in the growth of oesophageal cancer cells, and a possible mechanism of any oestrogen protection might be mediated through oestrogen receptors. But from the few epidemiological studies in which the hypothesis of oestrogen protection has been tested, no firm conclusions can yet be drawn of the role of oestrogen in human oesophageal cancer aetiology. More evidence from valid and large human studies is needed before any conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Chandanos
- Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chandanos E, Lagergren J. Oestrogen and the enigmatic male predominance of gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:2397-403. [PMID: 18755583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and annually it causes over 150,000 deaths in Europe and 700,000 deaths globally. The incidence of gastric cancer shows an enigmatic male dominance with a male-to-female ratio of about 2:1. This sex ratio cannot be entirely attributed to the differences in the prevalence of known risk factors between the sexes. This review focuses on the potential role of oestrogen in explaining the male predominance in gastric cancer. Some data argue in favour of sex hormonal influence. Women with a longer fertility life and those on hormone replacement therapy seem to have a decreased risk of gastric cancer, and men who have been treated with oestrogen for prostate cancer have a decreased risk. Use of tamoxifen in women seems to increase their risk of gastric cancer. Animal studies indicate that oestrogen may offer protection against the development of this cancer as for example ovariectomised mice are at an increased risk, whilst administration of female sex hormones decreases the incidence of gastric cancer. Oestrogen may exert its effect by acting on oestrogen receptors (ERs). Both ERalpha, ERbeta and the latest discovered ERbetacx have been identified in gastric tissue. The biological means behind this is not yet clear but various mechanisms have been suggested. There are indications that oestrogen may lead to an increased expression of trefoil factor proteins, which protect mucous epithelia or inhibit the expression of c-erb-2 oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Chandanos
- Unit of Esophageal and Gastric Research (ESOGAR), Section of Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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